WO2018181135A1 - Method for producing learning effectiveness-improving agent and learning effectiveness-improving food product composition, and technology pertaining thereto - Google Patents
Method for producing learning effectiveness-improving agent and learning effectiveness-improving food product composition, and technology pertaining thereto Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018181135A1 WO2018181135A1 PCT/JP2018/012048 JP2018012048W WO2018181135A1 WO 2018181135 A1 WO2018181135 A1 WO 2018181135A1 JP 2018012048 W JP2018012048 W JP 2018012048W WO 2018181135 A1 WO2018181135 A1 WO 2018181135A1
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- improving
- learning effect
- learning
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/25—Araliaceae (Ginseng family), e.g. ivy, aralia, schefflera or tetrapanax
- A61K36/254—Acanthopanax or Eleutherococcus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a learning effect improving agent comprising a natural ingredient as an active ingredient, a method for producing a food composition for improving learning effect, and related techniques.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-227394 discloses an composition for oral administration comprising an elephant, a trash and an eucommia as an invention which aims to provide an effective drug for improving a reduction in the efficiency of intellectual work caused by stress.
- the invention is disclosed.
- the risk avoidance learning effect is a learning test using a step-through passive avoidance learning device consisting of a light box and a dark box, that is, an action based on the instinct that the mouse prefers a dark place. It is an effect of learning to avoid the danger by giving physical pain by electric shock and trying to stop in the light box without entering the dark box.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-3391 is effective in preventing and treating stressful gastric ulcer, acute enterocolitis, alopecia areata, insomnia, and irritability, and improves well-being (emotional, willingness) and short-term memory ability. It has the effect of balancing the amount of activity, and is effective in the prevention and treatment of dwarfism, Parkinson's disease and hyperattention behavioral disorder (ADHD), especially in the case of stress-induced gastric ulcers through the increase effect of in vivo prolactin
- ADHD hyperattention behavioral disorder
- the administration of the composition for oral administration according to the invention described in the publication has an effect of reducing the influence of physical or psychological stress itself, and physical or psychological stress is As a result of reducing the influence of those stresses in a loaded state, it is recognized that the reduction of the spontaneous exercise amount and the risk avoidance learning effect are prevented.
- the same gazette shows that the same effect is exerted to some extent, even if only the Ezocogi extract is administered, although it does not reach the composition for oral administration described in the gazette.
- the administration of Ezocogi extract alone has an effect of reducing the influence of physical or psychological stress load to some extent, and the influence of such stress in a state where physical or psychological stress is loaded.
- the administration of Ezocogi extract alone has an effect of reducing the influence of physical or psychological stress load to some extent, and the influence of such stress in a state where physical or psychological stress is loaded.
- the present invention relates to a learning effect improving agent capable of improving a learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied, a method for producing a learning effect improving food composition, a learning effect improving agent, and a learning effect improvement.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a food composition for use, use of a hot water extract of sorghum root for producing a learning effect improving agent, and a method for improving learning effect.
- Method for producing learning effect improving agent and learning effect improving food composition of the present invention learning effect improving agent and food composition for improving learning effect, use of hot water extract of sorghum root for producing learning effect improving agent
- the learning effect improving method can be expressed as follows, for example.
- (1-1) A method for producing a learning effect improving agent characterized by extracting hot elephant roots with hot water and containing the obtained extract as an active ingredient.
- the learning effect improving agent produced by this production method has an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied.
- the above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp root, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer.
- (1-6) A method for producing a food composition for improving learning effects, comprising extracting hot elephant roots with hot water and containing the obtained extract as an active ingredient.
- the learning effect improving food composition produced by this production method has an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied.
- the above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp root, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer.
- a learning effect improving agent characterized by containing a hot water extract of potato elephant root as an active ingredient.
- This learning effect improving agent has an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied.
- the above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp roots, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer.
- the learning effect improving agent according to any one of (2-1) to (2-4) above.
- a food composition for improving learning effect comprising a hot water extract of Ezo-kogi root as an active ingredient.
- This learning effect improving food composition has an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied.
- the above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp root, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer.
- the food composition for improving learning effect according to any one of (2-6) to (2-9) above.
- (3-3) Use according to (3-1) or (3-2) above, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving operant learning effect.
- (3-4) The use according to (3-1) or (3-2) above, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving an operant learning effect through visual identification of a figure.
- (4-1) A learning effect improving method characterized by applying a hot water extract of Ezogigi root to a person who needs improvement of the learning effect.
- This method has the effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which no physical or psychological stress is practically applied.
- the learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition of the present invention have an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially loaded.
- Ezo-kogi refers to a plant belonging to the family Urugiaceae, and its scientific name is Acanthopanax senticosus Harms.
- an extract of root of Ekogigi which is an active ingredient of the learning effect improving agent and the food composition for improving learning effect in the present invention, can be obtained as follows.
- a dry powder of the extract can be obtained by spray drying with a spray dryer.
- the vacuum concentration can be performed up to a certain concentration (for example, a predetermined concentration).
- the learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition of the present invention have an effect on learning effect improvement (learning memory function improving effect) in a no-load state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially loaded.
- the learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition of the present invention are preferably used for improving the operant learning effect, and more preferably used for improving the operant learning effect through visual identification of figures.
- the learning effect improving agent and the food composition for improving learning effect comprising, as an active ingredient, an extract obtained by hot water extraction of Ezoukogi root in the present invention, for example, for those who need the learning effect improvement as described above, It is preferably applied by oral administration.
- various excipients in forming various forms, various excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, coating agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, plasticizers, and the like can be used as appropriate.
- excipients examples include sugars (lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol), starch (potato, wheat, corn), minerals (calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride), crystalline cellulose, plant powder ( Licorice powder, gentian powder) and the like.
- binders examples include starch paste, gum arabic, gelatin, sodium alginate, meth / recellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). , Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and the like.
- disintegrants examples include starch, agar, gelatin powder, crystalline cellulose, CMC / Na, CMC / Ca, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium alginate and the like.
- lubricants examples include magnesium stearate, talc, hydrogenated vegetable oil, macrogol, silicone oil and the like.
- coating agents include sugar coating (sucrose, HPC, shellac), glue (gelatin, glycerin, sorbitol), film coating [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), EC, HPC, PVP], enteric coating [hydroxyprovir Methyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP)] and the like.
- colorants include water-soluble food dyes and lake dyes.
- examples of the corrigent include lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol) and the like.
- flavoring agents include aromatic essential oils) and light blocking agents (titanium oxide).
- examples of the plasticizer include phthalic acid esters, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol) and the like.
- the human dose requiring improvement of the learning effect of the learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition in the present invention is, for example, 500 mg in the dry powder content of the extract of Ezogi root as an active ingredient. / Day or more is preferable.
- the test was conducted on the learning effect improving effect of the extract obtained by hot water extraction of the root of Ezoukogi.
- the extract obtained by hot water extraction from the crushed pieces obtained by crushing 19.9 parts by weight of Ezokogi root was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 7.1 parts by weight of concentrated extract.
- This concentrated extract is spray-dried with a spray dryer, and 1 part by weight of a dry powder of the extract (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “Ezo-kogi root extract”) obtained by hot water extraction of Ezo-kogi root with a water content of 4% by weight or less. Obtained.
- each window is provided with a screen capable of displaying a required image.
- a touch screen for detecting that the rat's (test animal) snout touched was provided.
- a feeding port lamp that can be turned on is provided at the feeding port.
- the monitor power of the touch screen is turned off in advance and 10 pellets of MF feed (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) are placed in the feeding port with the feeding port lamp always on, and ingested during free search. I let you. This is for associating the fact that the feed opening lamp is lit and the presence of feed pellets.
- Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of the basic trial procedure.
- the training for learning the procedure for selecting an image consists of four stages 1 to 4, and the trial interval (ITI) is 15 seconds.
- the screen changes to a gray image, and at the same time, feed pellets (MF feed from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) ) 1 grain (45 mg) was fed. At the same time, a buzzer sound of 1 second was presented and the feeding port lamp was lit for 3 seconds.
- feed pellets MF feed from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- test animal selects a window with no image displayed by mouth-and-mouth contact, it is common to change the screen to a gray image, but the subsequent response varies from stage to stage.
- the images used as visual stimuli in the selection training are obtained by arranging white (contrast 100%) graphics on a black (contrast 0%) background, and there are 35 types of images (that is, graphics).
- the purpose of this training is not to learn the shape of the figure itself in the image used for visual stimulation, but to determine the presence or absence of visual stimulation and associate it with rewards.
- the purpose of this stage was to learn trigger behavior.
- Trigger action is an action in which a rat (test animal) puts a snout into a feeding mouth, whereby an image is displayed on a window. By learning this behavior, it is possible to smoothly proceed with subsequent image classification tasks. Furthermore, by taking a predetermined trigger behavior, the image is obtained by aligning the position and posture of the rat (test animal) at the start of the trial. The discrimination process should be unified.
- the feeding mouth lamp was turned on simultaneously with the start of the trial, and the feeding mouth lamp was turned off at the same time as the rat (test animal) took a trigger action to put the snout into the feeding mouth.
- a click sound was generated by an electromagnetic valve, and an image was presented on the window.
- the trigger behavior was detected by an infrared sensor installed in the feeding port.
- stage 3 In addition to the same trial as in stage 3, if the rat (test animal) selected a window without an image by mistake, the house light was turned on for 5 seconds to inform the light and dark environment in the chamber. And a 5 second delay in trial interval (ITI) was imposed.
- ITI trial interval
- Stages 1 to 3 when 30 trials were completed within 60 minutes, it was determined that learning of the rat (test animal) was established, and the next stage was entered.
- stage 4 the selection training was completed when the number of times of selection of the window on which the image was presented was 23 or more out of 30 trials and the completion within 20 minutes could be achieved continuously for two sessions.
- MF feed Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- Ezokogi root extract was freely ingested.
- the two-image discrimination task is a total of 6 sessions, 1 session per day, in a state where there is virtually no physical or psychological stress, and the ratio of the number of collect touches to the number of mistouches in each session [number of collect touches / number of mistouches ], The results of session 2-6 with the result of session 1 being 100 and the average value were calculated and compared.
- one of two types of figures capable of visual discrimination is displayed on one of both windows in the operant chamber.
- the other figure was simultaneously presented in the other window.
- the star shape was a reward graphic (target)
- the bubble shape was a non-reward graphic (non-target)
- the target and non-target were randomly presented in the left and right windows for each trial.
- the Ezocogi group showed an increasing tendency compared to the control group.
- the Ezoukogi group showed a significant increase compared to the control group.
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Abstract
Provided are: a method for producing a learning effectiveness-improving agent and a learning effectiveness-improving food product composition which are capable of improving learning effectiveness in normal situations where physical or psychological stress is not a substantial burden; a learning effectiveness-improving agent and a learning effectiveness-improving food product composition; a use for the hot water extract of the root of Eleutherococcus senticosus in the production of the learning effectiveness-improving agent; and a method for improving learning effectiveness. This learning effectiveness-improving agent or learning effectiveness-improving food product composition to be used to improve operant learning effectiveness via visual pattern recognition in situations where there is substantially no physical or psychological stress burden is formulated from a dried powder obtained by pulverizing the root of Eleutherococcus senticosus and forming strips therefrom, obtaining a hot water extract from the strips, vacuum concentrating the liquid extract to a certain concentration, and obtaining a dried powder of the extract by spray drying, using a spray dryer, the concentrated liquid extract from which the ethanol-insoluble matter has been removed.
Description
本発明は、天然成分を有効成分とする学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物の製法並びにその関連技術に関する。
The present invention relates to a learning effect improving agent comprising a natural ingredient as an active ingredient, a method for producing a food composition for improving learning effect, and related techniques.
特開平９－２２７３９４号公報には、ストレスを原因とする知的作業の能率低下を改善させる有効な薬剤を提供することを目的とする発明として、エゾウコギ、ゴミシおよびトチュウからなる経口投与用組成物の発明が開示されている。
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-227394 discloses an composition for oral administration comprising an elephant, a trash and an eucommia as an invention which aims to provide an effective drug for improving a reduction in the efficiency of intellectual work caused by stress. The invention is disclosed.
特開平９－２２７３９４号公報記載の経口投与用組成物の投与により、明細書の段落００２２乃至００３５に示されるように、（強制走行による）身体的ストレス又は（隣室のマウスに電撃ショックを与え、その異常な鳴き声、跳躍、脱糞、脱尿などの条件情動反応を観察させることによる）心理的ストレスが負荷された状態において、危険回避学習効果が低下することが抑制されるものとされている。
By administering the composition for oral administration described in JP-A-9-227394, as shown in paragraphs 0022 to 0035 of the specification, physical stress (by forced running) or electric shock is given to a mouse in the adjacent room, In a state where psychological stress is applied (by observing conditional emotional reactions such as abnormal calls, jumps, defecation, and urination), the risk avoidance learning effect is prevented from being reduced.
このうち危険回避学習効果は、明箱と暗箱よりなるステップスルー式受動的回避学習装置を用いた学習試験、すなわち、マウスが暗所を好むという本能に基づく行動について、明箱から暗箱に入ると電気ショックによる身体的な痛みを与えることにより、暗箱に入らずに明箱に止まろうとすることによりその危険を回避することを学習する効果である。
Among these, the risk avoidance learning effect is a learning test using a step-through passive avoidance learning device consisting of a light box and a dark box, that is, an action based on the instinct that the mouse prefers a dark place. It is an effect of learning to avoid the danger by giving physical pain by electric shock and trying to stop in the light box without entering the dark box.
また特開２００２－３３９１号公報には、ストレス性の胃潰瘍、急性腸炎、円形脱毛症、不眠症、イライラを予防と治療に効果があり、Ｗｅｌｌ ｂｅｉｎｇ（情動、意欲）や短期記憶能力を高めたり活動量のバランスをとる効果があり、小人症、パーキンソン病や注意力不足行動過多症（ＡＤＨＤ）の予防と治療に効果があり、特にストレス性の胃潰瘍に関しては生体内プロラクチンの上昇効果を介したものであるエゾウコギを用いた組成物及び抽出法の発明が開示されている。
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-3391 is effective in preventing and treating stressful gastric ulcer, acute enterocolitis, alopecia areata, insomnia, and irritability, and improves well-being (emotional, willingness) and short-term memory ability. It has the effect of balancing the amount of activity, and is effective in the prevention and treatment of dwarfism, Parkinson's disease and hyperattention behavioral disorder (ADHD), especially in the case of stress-induced gastric ulcers through the increase effect of in vivo prolactin An invention of a composition and an extraction method using the dried elephant is disclosed.
しかしながら、何れの文献にも、身体的又は心理的ストレスが実質上負荷されていない通常の状態（正常状態）におけるオペラント学習（特に、視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習）の効果に関する内容は見当たらない。
However, in any document, there is no content regarding the effect of operant learning (particularly operant learning through visual identification of figures) in a normal state (normal state) in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied. Absent.
また特開平９－２２７３９４号公報には、一般的にストレスが負荷されると自発運動量の低下が見られることから、身体的又は心理的ストレスが負荷されたマウスの自発運動量の測定を行って自発運動量に及ぼす影響について評価したところ、同公報記載の発明に係る経口投与用組成物を投与した群は、身体的又は心理的ストレス負荷の無いマウスと同等の結果を示した旨記載されている（段落００２４－００２９及び００３２－００３５）。
In JP-A-9-227394, spontaneous stress is generally reduced when stress is applied. Therefore, spontaneous exercise is measured by measuring the spontaneous activity of mice loaded with physical or psychological stress. When the influence on the amount of exercise was evaluated, it was described that the group administered with the composition for oral administration according to the invention described in the publication showed the same result as a mouse without physical or psychological stress load ( Paragraphs 0024-0029 and 0032-0035).
してみれば、同公報記載の発明に係る経口投与用組成物の投与は、そもそも、身体的又は心理的ストレス負荷の影響自体を低減する効果を有するものであり、身体的又は心理的ストレスが負荷された状態において、それらのストレスの影響自体を低減する結果、自発運動量の低下や危険回避学習効果の低下を防ぐものであると認められる。
Therefore, the administration of the composition for oral administration according to the invention described in the publication has an effect of reducing the influence of physical or psychological stress itself, and physical or psychological stress is As a result of reducing the influence of those stresses in a loaded state, it is recognized that the reduction of the spontaneous exercise amount and the risk avoidance learning effect are prevented.
また、同公報には、エゾウコギエキスのみの投与においても、同公報記載の経口投与用組成物には及ばないものの、同様の効果がある程度発揮されることが示されている。
In addition, the same gazette shows that the same effect is exerted to some extent, even if only the Ezocogi extract is administered, although it does not reach the composition for oral administration described in the gazette.
すなわち、エゾウコギエキスのみの投与は、そもそも、身体的又は心理的ストレス負荷の影響自体をある程度低減する効果を有するものであり、身体的又は心理的ストレスが負荷された状態において、それらのストレスの影響自体をある程度低減する結果、自発運動量の低下や危険回避学習効果の低下をある程度防ぐものであると認められる。
In other words, the administration of Ezocogi extract alone has an effect of reducing the influence of physical or psychological stress load to some extent, and the influence of such stress in a state where physical or psychological stress is loaded. As a result of reducing itself to some extent, it is recognized that it will prevent a decrease in spontaneous exercise amount and a risk avoidance learning effect to some extent.
本発明は、身体的又は心理的ストレスが実質上負荷されていない通常の状態において学習効果を改善し得る学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物の製法、学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物、学習効果改善剤の製造のためのエゾウコギの根の熱水抽出物の使用、並びに学習効果改善方法を提供することを目的とする。
The present invention relates to a learning effect improving agent capable of improving a learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied, a method for producing a learning effect improving food composition, a learning effect improving agent, and a learning effect improvement. An object of the present invention is to provide a food composition for use, use of a hot water extract of sorghum root for producing a learning effect improving agent, and a method for improving learning effect.
本発明の学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物の製法、学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物、学習効果改善剤の製造のためのエゾウコギの根の熱水抽出物の使用、並びに学習効果改善方法は、例えば次のように表すことができる。
Method for producing learning effect improving agent and learning effect improving food composition of the present invention, learning effect improving agent and food composition for improving learning effect, use of hot water extract of sorghum root for producing learning effect improving agent The learning effect improving method can be expressed as follows, for example.
(1-1) エゾウコギの根を熱水抽出し、得られた抽出物を有効成分として含有させることを特徴とする学習効果改善剤の製法。
(1-1) A method for producing a learning effect improving agent characterized by extracting hot elephant roots with hot water and containing the obtained extract as an active ingredient.
この製法により製造された学習効果改善剤は、身体的又は心理的ストレスが実質上負荷されていない通常の状態において、学習効果を改善する効果を有する。
The learning effect improving agent produced by this production method has an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied.
(1-2) 上記学習効果改善剤が、実質上身体的又は心理的ストレス無負荷状態における学習効果改善用である上記(1-1)記載の製法。
(1-2) The method according to (1-1) above, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving the learning effect in a physical or psychological stress-unloaded state.
(1-3) 上記学習効果改善剤が、オペラント学習効果改善用である上記(1-1)又は(1-2)記載の製法。
(1-3) The method according to (1-1) or (1-2) above, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving operant learning effect.
(1-4) 上記学習効果改善剤が、視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果改善用である上記(1-1)又は(1-2)記載の製法。
(1-4) The method according to (1-1) or (1-2) above, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving operant learning effect through visual identification of a figure.
(1-5) 上記抽出物は、エゾウコギの根を破砕したものに対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることにより得るものである上記(1-1)乃至(1-4)の何れか１項に記載の製法。
(1-5) The above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp root, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer. The production method according to any one of (1-1) to (1-4) above.
(1-6) エゾウコギの根を熱水抽出し、得られた抽出物を有効成分として含有させることを特徴とする学習効果改善用食品組成物の製法。
(1-6) A method for producing a food composition for improving learning effects, comprising extracting hot elephant roots with hot water and containing the obtained extract as an active ingredient.
この製法により製造された学習効果改善用食品組成物は、身体的又は心理的ストレスが実質上負荷されていない通常の状態において、学習効果を改善する効果を有する。
The learning effect improving food composition produced by this production method has an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied.
(1-7) 上記学習効果改善用食品組成物が、実質上身体的又は心理的ストレス無負荷状態における学習効果改善用である上記(1-6)記載の製法。
(1-7) The manufacturing method according to (1-6) above, wherein the food composition for improving learning effect is for improving the learning effect in a physical or psychological stress-unloaded state.
(1-8) 上記学習効果改善用食品組成物が、オペラント学習効果改善用である上記(1-6)又は(1-7)記載の製法。
(1-8) The method according to (1-6) or (1-7) above, wherein the food composition for improving learning effect is for improving operant learning effect.
(1-9) 上記学習効果改善用食品組成物が、視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果改善用である上記(1-6)又は(1-7)記載の製法。
(1-9) The method according to (1-6) or (1-7) above, wherein the food composition for improving learning effect is for improving operant learning effect through visual identification of figures.
(1-10) 上記抽出物は、エゾウコギの根を破砕したものに対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることにより得るものである上記(1-6)乃至(1-9)の何れか１項に記載の製法。
(1-10) The above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp root, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer. The manufacturing method according to any one of (1-6) to (1-9) above.
(2-1) エゾウコギの根の熱水抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする学習効果改善剤。
(2-1) A learning effect improving agent characterized by containing a hot water extract of potato elephant root as an active ingredient.
この学習効果改善剤は、身体的又は心理的ストレスが実質上負荷されていない通常の状態において、学習効果を改善する効果を有する。
This learning effect improving agent has an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied.
(2-2) 実質上身体的又は心理的ストレス無負荷状態における学習効果改善用である上記(2-1)記載の学習効果改善剤。
(2-2) The learning effect improving agent according to the above (2-1), which is for improving the learning effect in a state of substantially no physical or psychological stress.
(2-3) オペラント学習効果改善用である上記(2-1)又は(2-2)記載の学習効果改善剤。
(2-3) The learning effect improving agent according to (2-1) or (2-2), which is for improving the operant learning effect.
(2-4) 視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果改善用である上記(2-1)又は(2-2)記載の学習効果改善剤。
(2-4) The learning effect improving agent according to the above (2-1) or (2-2), which is for improving the operant learning effect through visual discrimination of figures.
(2-5) 上記抽出物は、エゾウコギの根を破砕したものに対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることにより得るものである上記(2-1)乃至(2-4)の何れか１項に記載の学習効果改善剤。
(2-5) The above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp roots, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer. The learning effect improving agent according to any one of (2-1) to (2-4) above.
(2-6) エゾウコギの根の熱水抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする学習効果改善用食品組成物。
(2-6) A food composition for improving learning effect, comprising a hot water extract of Ezo-kogi root as an active ingredient.
この学習効果改善用食品組成物は、身体的又は心理的ストレスが実質上負荷されていない通常の状態において、学習効果を改善する効果を有する。
This learning effect improving food composition has an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially applied.
(2-7) 実質上身体的又は心理的ストレス無負荷状態における学習効果改善用である上記(2-6)記載の学習効果改善用食品組成物。
(2-7) The food composition for improving learning effect according to (2-6) above, which is for improving the learning effect in a substantially physical or psychological stress-free state.
(2-8) オペラント学習効果改善用である上記(2-6)又は(2-7)記載の学習効果改善用食品組成物。
(2-8) Food composition for improving learning effect according to (2-6) or (2-7) above, which is for improving operant learning effect.
(2-9) 視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果改善用である上記(2-6)又は(2-7)記載の学習効果改善用食品組成物。
(2-9) The food composition for improving learning effect according to the above (2-6) or (2-7), which is for improving operant learning effect through visual discrimination of figures.
(2-10) 上記抽出物は、エゾウコギの根を破砕したものに対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることにより得るものである上記(2-6)乃至(2-9)の何れか１項に記載の学習効果改善用食品組成物。
(2-10) The above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp root, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer. The food composition for improving learning effect according to any one of (2-6) to (2-9) above.
(3-1) エゾウコギの根の熱水抽出物を有効成分として含有する学習効果改善剤の製造のためのエゾウコギの根の熱水抽出物の使用。
(3-1) Use of the hot water extract of sorghum root for the production of a learning effect improving agent containing the hot water extract of sorghum root as an active ingredient.
(3-2) 上記学習効果改善剤が、実質上身体的又は心理的ストレス無負荷状態における学習効果改善用である上記(3-1)記載の使用。
(3-2) The use according to (3-1) above, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving the learning effect in a physical or psychological stress-unloaded state.
(3-3) 上記学習効果改善剤が、オペラント学習効果改善用である上記(3-1)又は(3-2)記載の使用。
(3-3) Use according to (3-1) or (3-2) above, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving operant learning effect.
(3-4) 上記学習効果改善剤が、視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果改善用である上記(3-1)又は(3-2)記載の使用。
(3-4) The use according to (3-1) or (3-2) above, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving an operant learning effect through visual identification of a figure.
(3-5) 上記抽出物は、エゾウコギの根を破砕したものに対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることにより得るものである上記(3-1)乃至(3-4)の何れか１項に記載の使用
(3-5) The above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp roots, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer. The use according to any one of (3-1) to (3-4) above
(4-1) 学習効果改善を必要とする者にエゾウコギの根の熱水抽出物を適用することを特徴とする学習効果改善方法。
(4-1) A learning effect improving method characterized by applying a hot water extract of Ezogigi root to a person who needs improvement of the learning effect.
この方法は、身体的又は心理的ストレスが実質上負荷されていない通常の状態において、学習効果を改善する効果を有する。
This method has the effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which no physical or psychological stress is practically applied.
(4-2) 実質上身体的又は心理的ストレス無負荷状態における学習効果を改善する上記(4-1)記載の方法。
(4-2) The method according to (4-1) above, which improves the learning effect in a state of virtually no physical or psychological stress.
(4-3) オペラント学習効果を改善する上記(4-1)又は(4-2)記載の方法。
(4-3) The method described in (4-1) or (4-2) above to improve the operant learning effect.
(4-4) 視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果を改善する上記(4-1)又は(4-2)記載の方法。
(4-4) The method according to (4-1) or (4-2) above, which improves the operant learning effect through visual identification of figures.
(4-5) 上記抽出物は、エゾウコギの根を破砕したものに対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることにより得るものである上記(4-1)乃至(4-4)の何れか１項に記載の方法。
(4-5) The above extract is obtained by hot water extraction of crushed shrimp roots, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray dryer. The method according to any one of (4-1) to (4-4) above.
本発明の学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物は、身体的又は心理的ストレスが実質上負荷されていない通常の状態において、学習効果を改善する効果を有する。
The learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition of the present invention have an effect of improving the learning effect in a normal state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially loaded.
本発明におけるエゾウコギとは、ウコギ科の植物であって、学名はアカントパナックス・センティコサス・ハルムス（Acanthopanax senticosus Harms）である。
In the present invention, the term “Ezo-kogi” refers to a plant belonging to the family Urugiaceae, and its scientific name is Acanthopanax senticosus Harms.
本発明における学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物の有効成分であるエゾウコギの根の抽出物は、例えば次のようにして得ることができる。
For example, an extract of root of Ekogigi, which is an active ingredient of the learning effect improving agent and the food composition for improving learning effect in the present invention, can be obtained as follows.
すなわち、エゾウコギの根を破砕して細片状とし、その細片状物（破砕物）に対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を濃縮（好ましくは減圧濃縮）し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させて抽出物の乾燥粉末を得ることができる。この場合の減圧濃縮は、ある程度の濃度（例えば所定濃度）まで行うものとすることができる。また前記濃縮抽出液からエタノール不溶物を除去した上でスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることが望ましい。
That is, shrimp roots are crushed into fine pieces, hot water extraction is performed on the fine pieces (crushed pieces), the extract is concentrated (preferably concentrated under reduced pressure), and the resulting concentrated extract is obtained. A dry powder of the extract can be obtained by spray drying with a spray dryer. In this case, the vacuum concentration can be performed up to a certain concentration (for example, a predetermined concentration). Moreover, it is desirable to remove the ethanol-insoluble matter from the concentrated extract and spray-dry it with a spray dryer.
本発明における学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物は、実質上身体的又は心理的ストレスが負荷されていない無負荷状態において、学習効果改善に効果（学習記憶機能向上効果）を有する。
The learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition of the present invention have an effect on learning effect improvement (learning memory function improving effect) in a no-load state in which physical or psychological stress is not substantially loaded.
本発明における学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物は、好ましくはオペラント学習効果改善に用いられ、より好ましくは、視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果改善に用いられる。
The learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition of the present invention are preferably used for improving the operant learning effect, and more preferably used for improving the operant learning effect through visual identification of figures.
本発明におけるエゾウコギの根の熱水抽出により得られた抽出物を有効成分とする学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物は、例えば前記のような学習効果改善を必要とする者に、好ましくは経口投与により適用する。
The learning effect improving agent and the food composition for improving learning effect comprising, as an active ingredient, an extract obtained by hot water extraction of Ezoukogi root in the present invention, for example, for those who need the learning effect improvement as described above, It is preferably applied by oral administration.
本発明における学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物の経口投与の形態に特に限定はないが、例えば、粉末、錠剤、硬カプセル剤、軟カプセル剤、水に溶解した液剤若しくはその他の液剤とすることができる。
There are no particular limitations on the form of oral administration of the learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition in the present invention. For example, powders, tablets, hard capsules, soft capsules, liquids dissolved in water, or other liquids It can be.
また種々の形態を形成する上で、各種賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、コーティング剤、着色剤、矯味剤、矯臭剤、可塑剤等を適宜用いることができる。
In forming various forms, various excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, coating agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, plasticizers, and the like can be used as appropriate.
賦形剤の例としては、糖類（乳糖，白糖，ブドウ糖，マンニトール），デンプン（バレイショ，コムギ，トウモロコシ），無機物（炭酸カルシウム，硫酸カルシウム，炭酸水素ナトリウム，塩化ナトリウム），結晶セルロース，植物末（カンゾウ末，ゲンチアナ末）等を挙げることができる。
Examples of excipients include sugars (lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol), starch (potato, wheat, corn), minerals (calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride), crystalline cellulose, plant powder ( Licorice powder, gentian powder) and the like.
結合剤の例としては、デンプンのり液，アラビアゴム，ゼラチン，アルギン酸ナトリウム，メチ／レセルロース（ＭＣ），エチルセルロース（ＥＣ），ポリビニルピロリドン（ＰＶＰ），ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ），ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース（ＨＰＣ），カルポキシメチルセルロース（ＣＭＣ）等を挙げることができる。
Examples of binders include starch paste, gum arabic, gelatin, sodium alginate, meth / recellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). , Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and the like.
崩壊剤の例としては、デンプン，寒天，ゼラチン末，結晶セルロース，ＣＭＣ・Ｎａ，ＣＭＣ・Ｃａ，炭酸カルシウム，炭酸水素ナトリウム，アルギン酸ナトリウム等を挙げることができる。
Examples of disintegrants include starch, agar, gelatin powder, crystalline cellulose, CMC / Na, CMC / Ca, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium alginate and the like.
滑沢剤の例としては、ステアリン酸マグネシウム，タルク，水素添加植物油，マクロゴール，シリコーン油等を挙げることができる。
Examples of lubricants include magnesium stearate, talc, hydrogenated vegetable oil, macrogol, silicone oil and the like.
コーティング剤の例としては、糖衣（白糖，ＨＰＣ，セラック），膠衣（ゼラチン，グリセリン，ソルビトール），フイルムコーティング〔ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース（ＨＰＭＣ），ＥＣ，ＨＰＣ，ＰＶＰ〕，腸溶性コーティング〔ヒドロキシプロビルメチルセルロースフタレート（ＨＰＭＣＰ），セルロースアセテートフタレート（ＣＡＰ）〕等を挙げることができる。
Examples of coating agents include sugar coating (sucrose, HPC, shellac), glue (gelatin, glycerin, sorbitol), film coating [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), EC, HPC, PVP], enteric coating [hydroxyprovir Methyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP)] and the like.
着色剤の例としては、水溶性食用色素，レーキ色素）等を挙げることができる。矯味剤の例としては、乳糖，白糖，ブドウ糖，マンニトール）等を挙げることができる。矯臭剤の例としては、芳香性精油類），光線遮断剤（酸化チタン）等を挙げることができる。可塑剤の例としては、フタル酸エステル類，植物油，ポリエチレングリコール）等を挙げることができる。
Examples of colorants include water-soluble food dyes and lake dyes. Examples of the corrigent include lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol) and the like. Examples of flavoring agents include aromatic essential oils) and light blocking agents (titanium oxide). Examples of the plasticizer include phthalic acid esters, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol) and the like.
なお、本発明における学習効果改善剤及び学習効果改善用食品組成物の学習効果改善を必要とするヒトの服用量は、有効成分であるエゾウコギの根の抽出物の乾燥粉末の含有量において例えば５００ｍｇ／日以上が好ましい。
In addition, the human dose requiring improvement of the learning effect of the learning effect improving agent and the learning effect improving food composition in the present invention is, for example, 500 mg in the dry powder content of the extract of Ezogi root as an active ingredient. / Day or more is preferable.
エゾウコギの根の熱水抽出により得られた抽出物の学習効果改善作用について、試験を行った。
The test was conducted on the learning effect improving effect of the extract obtained by hot water extraction of the root of Ezoukogi.
１．被験物質の製造
1. Manufacture of test substances
エゾウコギ（Acanthopanax senticosus Harms）の根の抽出物を次のように製造した。
An extract of roots of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms was produced as follows.
エゾウコギ根部１９．９重量部を破砕した細片状物から熱水抽出したものを減圧濃縮することによって、濃縮抽出液７．１重量部を得た。この濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥し、含水率４重量％以下のエゾウコギの根の熱水抽出による抽出物の乾燥粉末（以下、単に「エゾウコギ根抽出物」とも言う。）１重量部を得た。
The extract obtained by hot water extraction from the crushed pieces obtained by crushing 19.9 parts by weight of Ezokogi root was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 7.1 parts by weight of concentrated extract. This concentrated extract is spray-dried with a spray dryer, and 1 part by weight of a dry powder of the extract (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “Ezo-kogi root extract”) obtained by hot water extraction of Ezo-kogi root with a water content of 4% by weight or less. Obtained.
２．試験方法
2. Test method
試験装置として、オペラントチャンバー内の給餌口の正面の壁に相対する垂直平面状の壁に２つの窓を設置し、各窓には、それぞれ所要の画像を表示することができる画面を設けると共に、その画面にラット（被検動物）の口吻が接触したことを感知するタッチスクリーンを設けた。給餌口には、点灯可能な給餌口ランプを設けた。
As a test device, two windows are installed on a vertical plane wall facing the front wall of the feeding port in the operant chamber, and each window is provided with a screen capable of displaying a required image. On the screen, a touch screen for detecting that the rat's (test animal) snout touched was provided. A feeding port lamp that can be turned on is provided at the feeding port.
(1) 予備訓練
(1) Preliminary training
ラット（被検動物）に画像弁別課題を試行させるにあたり、試験装置の環境に慣れさせることを目的とした１日２０分間の予備訓練を２日間行った。
In order to make the rat (test animal) try the image discrimination task, a preliminary training for 20 minutes per day was conducted for 2 days for the purpose of getting used to the environment of the test apparatus.
予備訓練においては、予めタッチスクリーンのモニタ電源をオフにし、給餌口ランプを常時点灯した状態で給餌口にＭＦ飼料（オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社）のペレット１０粒を置いておき 、自由探索中に摂取させた。これは、給餌口ランプが点灯していることと飼料ペレットが存在していることを関連づけるためである。
In the preliminary training, the monitor power of the touch screen is turned off in advance and 10 pellets of MF feed (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) are placed in the feeding port with the feeding port lamp always on, and ingested during free search. I let you. This is for associating the fact that the feed opening lamp is lit and the presence of feed pellets.
２日目に飼料ぺレットを全て摂取したことを確かめた後、次の選択訓練へ移行した。飼料ペレットが残されていた場合は、翌日同様の訓練を繰り返し行った。
On the second day, after confirming that all the feed pellets were consumed, the next selection training was started. If feed pellets were left, the same training was repeated the next day.
(2) 選択訓練
(2) selection training
次いで、学習課題の基本的手続を学習させることを目的とした１日３０試行の選択訓練を行った。
Next, 30 trials per day were conducted for the purpose of learning the basic procedure of the learning task.
基本的な試行手順をフローチャートとしたものを図１に示す。
Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of the basic trial procedure.
画像を選択する際の手続を学習させる訓練は、ステージ１乃至４の４ステージからなり、試行間隔 (Intertrial interval; ITI）は１５秒間とした。
The training for learning the procedure for selecting an image consists of four stages 1 to 4, and the trial interval (ITI) is 15 seconds.
画像が提示された窓をラット（被検動物）が口吻接触により選択した場合、画面を灰色画像に変えると同時に、学習を正に強化する報酬として、飼料ペレット（オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社のＭＦ飼料）１粒（４５ｍｇ）を供給した。更に、それと同時に１秒のブザー音を提示すると共に給餌口ランプを３秒間点灯した。
When the rat (test animal) selects the window where the image is presented by mouth-to-mouth contact, the screen changes to a gray image, and at the same time, feed pellets (MF feed from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) ) 1 grain (45 mg) was fed. At the same time, a buzzer sound of 1 second was presented and the feeding port lamp was lit for 3 seconds.
画像が提示されていない窓を被検動物が口吻接触により選択した場合、画面を灰色画像に転換することは共通しているが、その後の応答はステージごとに異なる。
When the test animal selects a window with no image displayed by mouth-and-mouth contact, it is common to change the screen to a gray image, but the subsequent response varies from stage to stage.
選択訓練において視覚刺激として用いた画像は、黒（コントラスト０％）の背景に白（コントラスト１００％）の図形を配置したものであり、画像（すなわち図形）の種類は３５種類である。
The images used as visual stimuli in the selection training are obtained by arranging white (contrast 100%) graphics on a black (contrast 0%) background, and there are 35 types of images (that is, graphics).
この訓練では、視覚刺激に用いられた画像における図形の形状そのものを覚えさせるのではなく、視覚刺激の有無を判断させ、報酬と関連づけさせることを目的としている。
The purpose of this training is not to learn the shape of the figure itself in the image used for visual stimulation, but to determine the presence or absence of visual stimulation and associate it with rewards.
ステージ１. Pavlovian (Pav)
Stage 1. Pavlovian (Pav)
タッチスクリーンに触れると報酬が得られることを学習させるため、ランダムに二つの窓のどちらか一方に画像を提示し、接触があるまで待機した。
In order to learn that rewards can be obtained by touching the touch screen, images were randomly displayed in one of the two windows and waited for contact.
報酬取得への動機の低下を抑えるため、どちらの窓を選択しても必ず報酬を与えた。但し、画像が提示されていない窓を選択した場合は、１５秒間の待機時間後に報酬を供給した。
∙ In order to suppress the decline in motivation for acquiring rewards, rewards were always given regardless of which window was selected. However, if a window with no image presented was selected, the reward was provided after a 15 second waiting period.
ステージ２．Must touch (MT)
Stage 2. Must touch (MT)
ラット（被検動物）に画像の存在を認識して窓を選択するよう学習させるため、画像非提示の窓を選択した場合は一切報酬を与えなかった。その他の手順はステージ１と共通である。
In order to make the rat (test animal) recognize the presence of the image and learn to select the window, no reward was given when selecting a non-image window. Other procedures are the same as in stage 1.
ステージ３．Must initiate (MI)
Stage 3. Must initiate (MI)
このステージは、トリガー行動を学ばせることを目的とした。
The purpose of this stage was to learn trigger behavior.
トリガー行動というのは、ラット（被検動物）が口吻を給餌口内に入れる行動であり、これにより、窓に画像が提示される。この行動を学習させることにより、その後の画像分別課題をスムーズに進めることができ、更に、所定のトリガー行動がとられることによって試行開始時のラット（被検動物）の場所と体勢を揃えて画像弁別の過程を統一的なものとするものである。
Trigger action is an action in which a rat (test animal) puts a snout into a feeding mouth, whereby an image is displayed on a window. By learning this behavior, it is possible to smoothly proceed with subsequent image classification tasks. Furthermore, by taking a predetermined trigger behavior, the image is obtained by aligning the position and posture of the rat (test animal) at the start of the trial. The discrimination process should be unified.
試行開始と同時に給餌口ランプを点灯させ、ラット（被検動物）が口吻を給餌口内に入れるトリガー行動を取ると同時に給餌口ランプを消灯した。次いで給餌口から口吻が抜かれると電磁バルブによるクリック音を発生させ、窓に画像を提示した。トリガー行動は給餌口内に設置した赤外線センサーで検出した。
The feeding mouth lamp was turned on simultaneously with the start of the trial, and the feeding mouth lamp was turned off at the same time as the rat (test animal) took a trigger action to put the snout into the feeding mouth. Next, when the snout was removed from the feeding mouth, a click sound was generated by an electromagnetic valve, and an image was presented on the window. The trigger behavior was detected by an infrared sensor installed in the feeding port.
ステージ４．Punishment (Pun)
Stage 4. Punishment (Pun)
ステージ３と同様の試行に加えて、ラット（被検動物）が画像の提示されていない窓を誤って選択した場合は、それを知らせるためにハウスライトを５秒間点灯してチャンバー内の明暗環境を変化させ、更に、試行間隔（ITI）の５秒間の遅延を課した。
In addition to the same trial as in stage 3, if the rat (test animal) selected a window without an image by mistake, the house light was turned on for 5 seconds to inform the light and dark environment in the chamber. And a 5 second delay in trial interval (ITI) was imposed.
ステージ１から３（Pav－MT－MI）では、３０試行を６０分以内に終えられた場合にラット（被検動物）の学習が成立したとして次のステージへ移行した。
In Stages 1 to 3 (Pav-MT-MI), when 30 trials were completed within 60 minutes, it was determined that learning of the rat (test animal) was established, and the next stage was entered.
ステージ４では、画像が提示された窓の選択回数が３０試行中２３回以上であり、且つ、２０分間以内に終えることを２セ ッション連続で達成できた場合に選択訓練を終了した。
In stage 4, the selection training was completed when the number of times of selection of the window on which the image was presented was 23 or more out of 30 trials and the completion within 20 minutes could be achieved continuously for two sessions.
(3) 二画像弁別課題
(3) Koji image discrimination problem
選択訓練のＭＩを終えた１３週齢のＳＤ系雄性ラットを以下の４グループ（それぞれ個体数[n]は５）に分けた。
(I) 二画像弁別課題３０分試行（対照群）
(II) 二画像弁別課題３０分試行（エゾウコギ群）
(III) 二画像弁別課題６０分試行（対照群）
(IV) 二画像弁別課題６０分試行（エゾウコギ群） The 13-week-old SD male rats who completed the MI of the selection training were divided into the following 4 groups (each with [n] is 5).
(I) Two-image discrimination task 30-minute trial (control group)
(II) Two-minute discrimination task 30-minute trial (Ezo-kogi group)
(III) Two-image discrimination task 60-minute trial (control group)
(IV) Two-image discrimination task 60-minute trial (Ezo-kogi group)
(I) 二画像弁別課題３０分試行（対照群）
(II) 二画像弁別課題３０分試行（エゾウコギ群）
(III) 二画像弁別課題６０分試行（対照群）
(IV) 二画像弁別課題６０分試行（エゾウコギ群） The 13-week-old SD male rats who completed the MI of the selection training were divided into the following 4 groups (each with [n] is 5).
(I) Two-image discrimination task 30-minute trial (control group)
(II) Two-minute discrimination task 30-minute trial (Ezo-kogi group)
(III) Two-image discrimination task 60-minute trial (control group)
(IV) Two-image discrimination task 60-minute trial (Ezo-kogi group)
選択訓練のＰｕｎ終了後、次の日から開始される二画像弁別課題試行期間（６日間）において、飼育ケージ内では、対照群にはＭＦ飼料（オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社）を、エゾウコギ群にはＭＦ飼料（オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社）にエゾウコギ根抽出物を５重量％混合したものを、それぞれ自由摂取させた。
In the two-image discrimination task trial period (6 days) starting from the next day after the completion of the selection training Pun, in the breeding cage, MF feed (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) was used for the control group, Each of MF feed (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) mixed with 5% by weight of Ezokogi root extract was freely ingested.
二画像弁別課題は、実質上身体的又は心理的ストレスを負荷のない状態において、１日１セッション、合計６セッションを行い、各セッションにおけるコレクトタッチ数とミスタッチ数の比［コレクトタッチ数／ミスタッチ数］について、第１セッションの結果を１００としたときの第２－６セッションの結果及びその平均値を算出して比較した。
The two-image discrimination task is a total of 6 sessions, 1 session per day, in a state where there is virtually no physical or psychological stress, and the ratio of the number of collect touches to the number of mistouches in each session [number of collect touches / number of mistouches ], The results of session 2-6 with the result of session 1 being 100 and the average value were calculated and compared.
二画像弁別課題では、図２に示すように、オペラントチャンバー内の両窓の一方に、視覚弁別が可能である２種類の図形（星形［右］とバブル形［左］）の一方を、他方の窓に他方の図形を、同時に提示した。本試験では、星型を報酬図形（ターゲット）、バブル形を非報酬図形（非ターゲット）とし、１試行ごとにターゲットおよび非ターゲットを左右の窓にランダムに提示した 。
In the two-image discrimination task, as shown in FIG. 2, one of two types of figures (star shape [right] and bubble shape [left]) capable of visual discrimination is displayed on one of both windows in the operant chamber. The other figure was simultaneously presented in the other window. In this test, the star shape was a reward graphic (target), the bubble shape was a non-reward graphic (non-target), and the target and non-target were randomly presented in the left and right windows for each trial.
被験動物がターゲット選択を誤った場合は 、ターゲット（報酬図形）を選択するまで同じ試行を繰り返す Correction trial（再試行）によって学習強化を行った。
被 験 If the test animal made a wrong target selection, the learning was enhanced by repeating the same trial until the target (reward figure) was selected.
１日３０分間または６０分間の試行を課し、試行期間中にラット（被検動物）に無動などが認められた場合には試験を中止した。
A trial of 30 minutes or 60 minutes per day was imposed, and the test was stopped if a rat (test animal) showed no movement during the trial period.
３．二画像分別課題の試行結果
3. Trial result of two-image classification task
(1) 二画像分別課題（タッチスクリーン）の３０分間試行
(1) Trial of 30 minutes of two-image separation task (touch screen)
［コレクトタッチ数／ミスタッチ数］の比について、１日目を１００とした場合、２日目乃至６日目の平均は、図３に示すように、対照群（CONT 30min）においては１３２．３であったのに対し、エゾウコギ群（ASH5% 30min）においては１６１．３であった。
Regarding the ratio of [number of collect touches / number of mistouches], assuming that the first day is 100, the average from the second day to the sixth day is 132.3 in the control group (CONTCON30 min) as shown in FIG. On the other hand, it was 161.3 in the Ezocogi group (ASH5%） 30min).
すなわち、［コレクトタッチ数／ミスタッチ数］の比において、エゾウコギ群は対照群と比較して増加傾向を示した。
That is, in the ratio of [the number of collect touches / the number of mistouches], the Ezocogi group showed an increasing tendency compared to the control group.
(2) 二画像分別課題（タッチスクリーン）の６０分間試行
(2) Trial for 60 minutes of two-image separation task (touch screen)
［コレクトタッチ数／ミスタッチ数］の比について、１日目を１００とした場合、２日目乃至６日目の平均は、図３に示すように、対照群（CONT 60min）においては５７．１であったのに対し、エゾウコギ群（ASH5% 60min）においては１４７．８であった。
Regarding the ratio of [number of collect touches / number of mistouches], assuming that the first day is 100, the average from the second day to the sixth day is 57.1 in the control group (CONT 60 min) as shown in FIG. In contrast, it was 147.8 in the elephant group (ASH5% ASH60min).
すなわち、［コレクトタッチ数／ミスタッチ数］の比において、エゾウコギ群は対照群と比較して有意な増加を示した。
That is, in the ratio of [the number of collect touches / the number of mistouches], the Ezoukogi group showed a significant increase compared to the control group.
(3) これらの、ヒトにおける様々なオペラント学習（特に、視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習）の形態に一致又は近似する二画像分別課題の試行結果から、エゾウコギ根抽出物の投与により、学習効果が改善されること、特に、短時間試行（30分）に比し、長時間試行（60分）において、高いレベルでの学習効果改善が認められることが明らかになった。
(3) 学習 Learning from the trial results of the two-image fractionation task that matches or approximates the various forms of operant learning in humans (especially, operant learning through visual identification of figures), by administration of Ezocogi root extract It was revealed that the effect was improved, and in particular, the learning effect was improved at a high level in the long trial (60 minutes) compared to the short trial (30 minutes).
Claims (10)
- エゾウコギの根を熱水抽出し、得られた抽出物を有効成分として含有させることを特徴とする学習効果改善剤の製法。 A method for producing a learning effect improving agent characterized by extracting hot spring roots with hot water and containing the obtained extract as an active ingredient.
- 上記学習効果改善剤が、実質上身体的又は心理的ストレス無負荷状態における学習効果改善用である請求項１記載の製法。 The method according to claim 1, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving the learning effect in a physical or psychological stress-unloaded state.
- 上記学習効果改善剤が、オペラント学習効果改善用である請求項１又は２記載の製法。 The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving an operant learning effect.
- 上記学習効果改善剤が、視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果改善用である請求項１又は２記載の製法。 The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the learning effect improving agent is for improving an operant learning effect through visual identification of a figure.
- 上記抽出物は、エゾウコギの根を破砕したものに対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることにより得るものである請求項１乃至４の何れか１項に記載の製法。 The extract is obtained by performing hot water extraction on a crushed shrimp root, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray-drying the resulting concentrated extract with a spray drier. 5. The production method according to any one of 4 above.
- エゾウコギの根を熱水抽出し、得られた抽出物を有効成分として含有させることを特徴とする学習効果改善用食品組成物の製法。 A method for producing a food composition for improving learning effects, comprising extracting hot spring roots with hot water and containing the obtained extract as an active ingredient.
- 上記学習効果改善用食品組成物が、実質上身体的又は心理的ストレス無負荷状態における学習効果改善用である請求項６記載の製法。 The method according to claim 6, wherein the food composition for improving learning effect is for improving the learning effect in a physical or psychological stress-unloaded state.
- 上記学習効果改善用食品組成物が、オペラント学習効果改善用である請求項６又は７記載の製法。 The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the food composition for improving learning effect is for improving operant learning effect.
- 上記学習効果改善用食品組成物が、視覚による図形の識別を介するオペラント学習効果改善用である請求項６又は７記載の製法。 The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the food composition for improving learning effects is for improving operant learning effects through visual identification of figures.
- 上記抽出物は、エゾウコギの根を破砕したものに対し熱水抽出を行い、抽出液を減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮抽出液をスプレードライヤーにより噴霧乾燥させることにより得るものである請求項６乃至９の何れか１項に記載の製法。 The extract is obtained by performing hot water extraction on a crushed shrimp root, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure, and spray-drying the obtained concentrated extract with a spray drier. 10. The production method according to any one of 9 above.
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