WO2018138642A1 - Nutraceutical compositions for plants and method for their preparation - Google Patents
Nutraceutical compositions for plants and method for their preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018138642A1 WO2018138642A1 PCT/IB2018/050419 IB2018050419W WO2018138642A1 WO 2018138642 A1 WO2018138642 A1 WO 2018138642A1 IB 2018050419 W IB2018050419 W IB 2018050419W WO 2018138642 A1 WO2018138642 A1 WO 2018138642A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- aqueous solution
- salicylic acid
- nutraceutical
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000002417 nutraceutical Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 235000021436 nutraceutical agent Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 131
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-glucono-1,5-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000182 glucono-delta-lactone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960003681 gluconolactone Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000005343 Azadirachta indica Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013500 Melia azadirachta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000037433 Pongamia pinnata Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000004599 Pongamia pinnata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- KZXIPQMNPHCVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethanol;boron Chemical compound [B].NCCO KZXIPQMNPHCVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009434 Actinidia chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004936 Bromus mango Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009467 Carica papaya Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006432 Carica papaya Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006162 Chenopodium quinoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007154 Coffea arabica Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000024675 Eruca sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014755 Eruca sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015802 Lactuca sativa var crispa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004201 Lactuca sativa var. crispa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007228 Mangifera indica Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014826 Mangifera indica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005561 Musa balbisiana Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003889 Piper guineense Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000294611 Punica granatum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014360 Punica granatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009184 Spondias indica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013832 Valeriana officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000126014 Valeriana officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000000183 arugula Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016213 coffee Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016788 valerian Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006000 Garlic extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000221089 Jatropha Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001048891 Jatropha curcas Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000046101 Sophora japonica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010586 Sophora japonica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082880 azadirachta indica flower extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000013123 dwarf bean Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020706 garlic extract Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical class C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000557821 Azadirachta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002018 neem oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021018 plums Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 123
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000009329 organic farming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004483 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 244000078534 Vaccinium myrtillus Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007651 Rubus glaucus Species 0.000 description 2
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N THC Natural products C1=C(C)CCC2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3C21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017537 Vaccinium myrtillus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021029 blackberry Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021014 blueberries Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N delta1-THC Chemical compound C1=C(C)CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3[C@@H]21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002515 guano Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000021918 systemic acquired resistance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004791 1D NOESY Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000298715 Actinidia chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465180 Botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233684 Bremia Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218236 Cannabis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008697 Cannabis sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910016523 CuKa Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000219130 Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003954 Cucurbita pepo var melopepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001464430 Cyanobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- XXGMIHXASFDFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol Natural products CCCCCc1cc2OC(C)(C)C3CCC(=CC3c2c(O)c1O)C XXGMIHXASFDFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000307700 Fragaria vesca Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001632576 Hyacinthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003805 Musa ABB Group Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017590 Nymphoides indica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000905 Nymphoides indica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233654 Oomycetes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001223281 Peronospora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015266 Plantago major Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001303601 Rosacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017848 Rubus fruticosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011034 Rubus glaucus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009122 Rubus idaeus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000221662 Sclerotinia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219784 Sophora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000722921 Tulipa gesneriana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036579 abiotic stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 aromatic hydroxy acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011019 arthrospira platensis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005102 attenuated total reflection Methods 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;hydron;hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].O VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000227 bioadhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001764 biostimulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004790 biotic stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930003827 cannabinoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000003557 cannabinoid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940065144 cannabinoids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004242 dronabinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005489 dwarf bean Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N endosulfan Chemical compound C12COS(=O)OCC2C2(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001781 ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001530 keratinolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003390 magnesium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005426 pharmaceutical component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021013 raspberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007560 sedimentation technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDVVYWWFZVDULK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene-1-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(C=C3C(C=O)=CC=CC3=C3)C3=CC2=C1 GDVVYWWFZVDULK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002137 ultrasound extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009369 viticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
Definitions
- Humic substances have critical functions in soil and plants. In soil, they bind to the elements present, particularly phosphorous and iron, thus promoting the bioavailability thereof towards the plant, avoiding the insolubilization due to the high pH and to the high content of active lime. They also promote the biodegradability of the toxins produced by plants and of all pollutants of organic origin brought to the soil or contained therein. They improve the chemical, physical and biological conditions of the soil by bringing organic carbon of biological origin, which play a catalytic role in promoting the absorption of nutrients by the plants. They also improve and homogenize the germination of seeds, have a strong rhizogenic action, i.e. promote the development of adventitious roots and enhance the biochemical activity of the soil and plants.
- Humic substances play a very important complexing and carrier role, specifically of carboxylic and phenolic groups contained therein. In fact, the higher the content of organic carbon and its degree of humification, the stronger the complexing and carrier action they exert against the substances or elements to which they are associated.
- Salicylic acid is an aromatic hydroxy acid found in plants, fruits and roots of Spiracea ulmaria , which belongs to the rosacea family, in hyacinths, tulips, strawberries and grapes. Salicylic acid is widely used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics for its recognized anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, keratolytic action. In plants, salicylic acid activates the protein synthesis and participates in cellular destruction and SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance) induction. This resistance is expressed against a wide range of harmful organisms and differs in its action according to the inductor pathogen agent. However, a use thereof on a large scale in agriculture has not yet become widespread, since a formulation which promotes the bioavailability thereof has not yet been developed.
- SAR Systemic Acquired Resistance
- Active silver nanoparticles are known for their antimicrobial activity against harmful organisms for plants, fungi, bacteria, viruses.
- the present invention relates to a process and to nutraceutical compositions obtained by the same for the treatment of plants, said compositions having surprising nutritional and biostimulant properties and of enhancement of endogenous defenses of plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses. Said compositions also make plants more resistant to biotic infections, by limiting or avoiding the application of agrochemicals.
- Figure 1 XPRD spectra (A) salicylic acid (reference standard) (B) composition A, (C) composition B, (D) composition C (comparative) .
- Figure 2 ATR-FTIR spectra (A) salicylic acid (reference standard)
- composition A composition A
- composition B composition B
- composition C composition B
- FIG. 3 MR spectra (A) salicylic acid (reference standard) (B) composition A, (C) composition B, (D) composition C (comparative) .
- A salicylic acid (reference standard)
- B composition A
- C composition B
- D composition C (comparative)
- fossil material denotes a material containing at least 80% w/w of total organic substance, at least 80% w/w of extractable organic substance and 80% w/w of humified organic substance.
- the most advantageous fossil material has a total organic matter content of 90% w/w, with a percentage of extractability of the organic substance o f 90% and a degree of humification of 90%.
- Fossil material is particularly rich in humic substances.
- a first object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of nutraceuticals for plants which comprises:
- a) Preparing a muddy mixture of fossil material by mixing said fossil material finely divided with an aqueous solution comprising AgNPs having a diameter of ⁇ 100 nm, preferably from 20 to 30 nm, with a concentration of silver in said aqueous solution from 20 ppm to 300 ppm;
- step b) Adding salicylic acid to the mixture resulting from step a) with the mixture under stirring until complete homogenization of all the slurry;
- step b) Adding an alkaline agent to the mixture of step b) under stirring, preferably selected from the group comprising potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide or mixtures thereof.
- an alkaline agent preferably selected from the group comprising potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide or mixtures thereof.
- the alkaline extraction allows the optimum extraction o f the humic substances contained in the fossil material.
- said method also comprises, in said step c) , an ultrasonic treatment at very high power, approximately 80 kHz, at a temperature from 50 to 70 °C.
- an ultrasonic treatment at very high power, approximately 80 kHz, at a temperature from 50 to 70 °C.
- the exposure to ultrasounds allows an effective extraction, even in the presence o f low concentrations o f alkaline agent.
- Said fossil material is preferably selected from the group comprising: leonardite, lignite, peat coal, xylite, peat and mixtures thereof, preferably leonardite.
- said fossil material is finely ground and characterized by a particle size from 100 to 200 mesh, even more preferably from 100 to 150 mesh or from 120 to 150 mesh.
- the fossil material and the aqueous solution are mixed in a ratio from about 1:0.1 to about 1:10, or from about
- Said mixing ratios of the fossil material with the aqueous solution are also selected on the basis of the final formulation to be obtained, i.e. the ratios are in favor of the fossil material if a solid final formulation is desired.
- salicylic acid is added in an amount from 1% to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7%, preferably it is about 5% or 3% w/w of the mixture .
- the percentages of the alkaline agent added to the mixture are in the range from 3% to 7% w/w with respect to the mixture itself and in any case, their concentration is always proportional to the percentages of salicylic acid.
- the slurry being worked which comprises said mixture of fossil material, salicylic acid, alkaline agent is kept under stirring for at least 1 hour, preferably for 2 hours, even more preferably for 5-6 hours. It is also possible to carry out said process with a continuous industrial plant.
- the process described herein allows to obtain two basic compositions of nutraceuticals : an acidic composition at pH from 5.5 to 6.0 and an alkaline composition at pH from 9.5 to 12.00, depending on the percentages of salicylic acid used and alkaline agent used for the extraction of humic substances.
- compositions for different productions/mixtures, for different soils (acidic or basic soils) and for different crops (acidophilus or basophilic crops) .
- formulations suitable for hydroponic or soilless crops have been selected.
- the slurry is optionally filtered (100-120 mesh) for the preparation of liquid formulations (at alkaline pH or acidic pH) , or dried using a (normally rotary) dryer and, optionally, granulated or microgranulated for precision applications on crops.
- Microgranulation (0.4-1.0 mm) is recommended for solid products, since it allows a rational and precision distribution of the amounts of fertilizers actually added, a control which is required for sustainable agriculture.
- Microgranular formulations can be distributed with precision machines, able to administer 25-40 kg/ha of formulation at the time of seeding, compared to 250-400 kg/ha dispensed nowadays with the current crop nutrition techniques .
- said method of preparation comprises a first drying of the slurry carried out with a rotary dryer, leaving a residual moisture in the product of about 13-16%, preferably of about 15% which is followed by the granulation or microgranulation process, preferably with a disc granulator, which is followed by one final drying on a fluid bed plant.
- the method comprising the drying in subsequent steps advantageously allows a better microgranulation or granulation, due to the residual moisture content still present during the granulation process.
- a glue to the mixture, preferably of a natural origin, such as lignosul fonate or carboxymethylcellulose, has proved effective.
- the formulation comprising the glue ensures a better hold of the granule and a better mechanical distribution of the granules, which is important in precision fertilization.
- the production process according to the present invention may also be implemented in other industrial technologies that the process engineer will deem appropriate, depending on the specific needs, technologies allowing the introduction of the different raw materials in line while the plant is carrying out the homogenization of the whole slurry, up to obtain the titrated mixture already granulated or microgranulated .
- the present production process comprises the necessary separation of the liquid moiety from the insoluble moiety of the mixtures, where the liquid phase represents the plant nutraceutical composition, which can be used as is or used to prepare mixtures of nutraceutics for plants with specific titrations.
- a very fine, almost weightless fossil material ground to 120-150 mesh should be used in order to obtain better extraction and little filtration waste. It is also very important to carry out an adequate separation of the liquid moiety from the insoluble one in the mixture through a special filtering system, for example with filter press, vacuum filter and other systems available, avoiding the natural sedimentation technique, which also eliminates moieties which are very important from the agronomic point of view.
- a reactor For the production of liquid formulations, at acidic pH or alkaline pH, according to the present invention, for direct use in agriculture or for use as an intermediate in the formulation of nutraceutics for plants, a reactor should be available, provided with high speed (2000-3000 rpm) stirring system, rpm control, preferably with two independent propeller stirring columns in order to allow to stir the slurry in both directions and stir the product on the bottom to the surface, and vice versa. This allows to obtain homogeneous productions and a better and complete extraction of humic substances.
- the aqueous solution comprising AgNPs is added to the reactor, preferably of stainless steel, and then, the finely ground fossil material is added slowly under stirring.
- the fossil material is introduced into the plant and the aqueous solution comprising AgNPs is added thereto.
- the slow addition of the ground fossil material to the water already present in the reactor has proved particularly advantageous in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture without lumps.
- salicylic acid is added slowly in the defined proportion, depending on the desired end product. It is kept under stirring for 2-3 hours. After 2-3 hours of stirring, the alkaline agent is poured slowly. The slurry is kept being worked for at least 1 hour, preferably for about 5-6 hours, after which the product is ready to be filtered and/or dried and/or stored in dedicated tanks.
- the preparation process described herein leads to a product in which the complexing action of humic substances is maximized, so as to have a nutraceutical complex in which the bioavailability of active ingredients contained therein is maximized.
- This particularly advantageous effect is achieved due to the specific combination of active ingredients and to the preparation process, which allows to maximize the effectiveness thereof .
- compositions obtained with the process described above are described herein.
- compositions were obtained which are used in organic farming, which comprise raw materials permitted and certified for use in organic farming, and compositions suitable for eco friendly agriculture comprising mineral and/or process raw materials only in very small amounts, so as not to have a strong environmental impact .
- Liquid formulations, with acidic pH and alkaline pH, produced according to the present invention are advantageously used as an intermediate for the preparation of specific formulations, titered according to commercial and technical requirements.
- Solid (granular and/or microgranular) formulations are also obtained with an acidic or alkaline pH, so as to adapt them to the crop and soils on which they are used.
- Formulations with a high content of acidic pH humic acids are used in physiologically alkaline soils, in foliar applications, in hydroponics crops and in mixtures with agrochemicals.
- Formulations with a high content of alkaline pH humic acid are used in acidic soils.
- the formulations according to the present invention may further comprise one or more substances able to release macroelements, microelements and/or meso-elements .
- Said macro-elements comprise, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
- Said microelements comprise, for example, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum.
- Said meso-elements comprise, for example, calcium and magnesium.
- compositions further comprise the addition of animal or plant protein hydrolysates .
- insect repellents fungicides, fungistatic agents, bactericidal agents, bacteriostatic agents, nematode repellents, plant growth regulators, complex fertilizers, adsorbentshas proved to be particularly effective.
- said plant growth regulators are selected from cytokines, auxins, gibberellins .
- said adsorbents are of natural origin and comprise starches and derivatives thereof, or they are synthesized and comprise potassium polyacrylates . Said adsorbents are preferably added in amounts from 5 to 20% w/w.
- said method shall further comprises the addition of residues (cake) to said mixture from extraction processes of oils, preferably of neem [Azadirachta indica) , karanja ⁇ Pongamia glabra) , castor (Ricinus communis) , Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) .
- compositions also comprise Sophora japonica extract.
- the following table shows the results obtained in terms of average % increase in yields of productions, average % reductions of the fertilizing units administered and average reduction of the agrochemicals administered.
- results in the single cultivations were obtained by applying the cultivation protocols described in detail in examples 13 to 32, using the formulations according to the present invention, as described in examples 1 to 12.
- the results obtained on each of the cultivations are surprising in terms of yield increase, reduction of fertilizing units and agrochemicals administered.
- the nutraceutrical formulation of example 12w was used the control of pests (insects, nematodes and mites), at the foliar doses of 4-5 kg/hectare and on specialized horticultural crops, provided with drip irrigation system, also administered to the soil at doses of 10-20 kg/hectare, carrying out 2 applications, one at 7-10 days post transplantation and the other halfway of the growing cycle.
- pests insects, nematodes and mites
- Table 1 effects obtained on the indicated crops using the cultivation protocols according to the present invention. production fertilizing agrochemicals yield units administered administered administered
- the composition according to the present invention turned out to be surprisingly advantageous, showing a synergy between the different components.
- a synergy made strong by the method used for the preparation of the composition, which allows the formation of a mixture of organic substances which comprises AgNPs and salicylic acid, from which the humic substance is then extracted.
- the humic substance due to the chelating properties of its constituents, rich in phenolic and carboxylic groups, has a strong property as a carrier and complexing agent.
- the extraction method described herein allows a nutraceutical complex with unique properties to be obtained, which allows maximum bioavailability of the components present.
- the AgNPs show a fungicide, bactericide and antiviral action exceeding that expected when applied with other methods.
- the combined presence of salicylic acid enhances the endogenous defenses of plants.
- the advantage resulting from having the microgranulate formulations described herein, which allow precise control of the distribution of fertilizer, is also noted. These make the fertilization process eco- friendly, allowing the fertilizing units for the nutrition of crops to be rationalized.
- the surprising activity observed in enhancing the endogenous defenses of plants also allows the drastic reduction of agrochemicals, thus preventing the use of substances with a very strong impact on the ecosystem and very high permanence in the environment and in agricultural products, as well as dangerous for the operators.
- the advantages described are associates to a marked quality and quantity improvement of agricultural productions.
- Examples 1 to 12 describe compositions and formulation processes
- examples 13 to 32 describe cultivation protocols which involve the use of one or more of the compositions described in the examples above.
- Example 1 nutraceutical for plants with a high content of humic acids and with acidic pH.
- composition is described which is formulated as follows:
- the formulation proved surprisingly advantageous in the preparation of nutraceuticals for plants, titered for example with macro-, micro-, meso-elements , nutritional catalysts, amino acids, seaweed extracts, plant extracts, protein hydrolysates .
- the formulations also proved to be advantageous for use in hydroponic cultivations, for the preparation of nutrient solutions for any cultivation (flowers, vegetables, nurseries, etc%), for foliar applications and also as such for use in fertigation.
- Example 2 nutraceutical for plants with a high content of humic acids and with alkaline pH.
- composition is described which is formulated as follows:
- composition proved to be surprisingly advantageous in the preparation of basic formulations and for use in acidic soils and on basophilic plants.
- Example 3 preparation of a titered (5% organic nitrogen) nutraceutical for plants in liquid formulation.
- the nutraceutical is prepared ng by mixing in proportion 1:1 or a formulation according to examples 1 or 2 and an animal or plant protein hydrolysate containing 10% (w/w) of 50% organic nitrogen.
- Example 4 nutraceutical for plants titered in ammonia nitrogen (14%), copper (1%), zinc (4%), and manganese (2%), in liquid formulation .
- the nutraceutical comprises:
- Example 5 nutraceutical for plants, microgranular formulation (% are w/w in the finished granulate/microgranulate product)
- the aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles is poured in a mixer.
- Leonardite, neem cake, lithothamnium, garlic flour, castor cake, zinc sulfate, and salicylic acid are added slowly under stirring.
- the mass is mixed continuously until it forms a homogeneous slurry.
- potassium carbonate is then added to allow the extraction of humic substances from leonardite and form a stable and active complex.
- the slurry is dried by means of a drying system, preferably rotary, so as to leave a residual humidity of 13-16%, ideal for granulation or, preferably, microgranulation of the product (0.4-1.0 mm) .
- the product is dried again by means of a fluid bed dryer, so as not to damage the granules.
- an adhesive of natural origin is added to the slurry, such as calcium lignosulfonate or carboxymethylcellulose .
- the formulation comprising the glue ensures a better mechanical distribution of the granules, which is important in precision fertilization.
- composition described herein has shown surprising advantages for use in organic farming, as it possesses a strong repellency activity against nematodes and soil insects, in addition to a strong rhizogenic action.
- Example 6 nutraceutical for plants, microgranular formulation.
- nanoparticles (20 ppm - 200 ppm) as
- the aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles is poured in a mixer.
- Leonardite, NP 12-54 monoammonium phosphate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and salicylic acid are slowly added under stirring.
- the mixture is homogeneously mixture up to form a homogeneous slurry, thereafter boron ethanolamine, technical urea and potassium hydroxide are slowly poured under stirring, so as to allow the extraction of the humic substances from leonardite and form a stable and active complex.
- the slurry is dried by means of a drying system, preferably rotary, so as to leave a residual humidity of 13-16%, ideal for granulation or, preferably, microgranulation of the product (0.4- 1.0 mm) .
- a drying system preferably rotary
- the product is dried again by means of a fluid bed dryer, so as not to damage the granules .
- an adhesive of natural origin is added to the slurry, such as calcium lignosulfonate or carboxymethylcellulose .
- the formulation comprising the glue ensures a better mechanical distribution of the granules, which is important in precision fertilization.
- Example 7 biological nutraceutical , WDG formulation, based on trace elements (copper, zinc and manganese)
- the slurry is dried by means of a drying system, preferably rotary, so as to leave a residual humidity of 13-16%, ideal for microgranulation of the product (0.4-1.0 mm) .
- a drying system preferably rotary
- the product is dried again by means of a fluid bed dryer, so as not to damage the granules.
- an adhesive of natural origin is added to the slurry, such as calcium lignosulfonate .
- the formulation comprising the adhesive ensures the hold in the packaging and prevents the formation of powders during the handling by the operator.
- Example 8 nutraceutical for plants, microgranular formulation.
- the aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles is poured in a mixer and leonardite, glucono delta lactone, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, neem cake, guano and salicylic acid are slowly added under stirring.
- the mixture is homogeneously mixture up to form a homogeneous slurry, thereafter boron ethanolamine, and potassium carbonate are slowly poured under stirring, so as to allow the extraction of the humic substances from leonardite and form a stable and active complex.
- the slurry is dried by means of a drying system, preferably rotary, so as to leave a residual humidity of 13-16%, ideal for granulation or, preferably, microgranulation of the product (0.4-1.0 mm) .
- a drying system preferably rotary
- the product is dried again by means of a fluid bed dryer, so as not to damage the granules.
- an adhesive of natural origin is added to the slurry, such as calcium lignosulfonate or carboxymethylcellulose.
- the formulation is advantageously used in viticulture and horticulture and organic nursery.
- Example 9 nutraceutical for plants characterized by high bio- stimulating action on the underground and off-ground apparatus.
- spirulina Arthrospira platensis
- a cyanobacterium very well known in the field of food supplements, characterized by a high protein content (60-70%) and, therefore, of organic nitrogen (10-11%), allows to obtain a formulation characterized by a marked biostimulant action enhancing the endogenous plant defenses, even in periods when the plant is subjected to strong biotic and abiotic stresses.
- composition is described which is formulated as follows:
- the product After the processing cycle, the product must be filtered to remove all insoluble substances. This can be done either with a vacuum filter or a filter press, with 100-120 mesh filter. Sedimentation filtration is not recommended s it also removes small useful fractions contained in the fossil material. This filtration method successfully applies also to the formulations described in examples 1 and 2.
- Example 10 nutraceutical with a high content of urea nitrogen for eco friendly agriculture, for foliar and root application.
- nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids, acidic pH
- aqueous solution of active silver nanoparticles preferably with two propeller stirring columns and running direction switch is poured the aqueous solution of active silver nanoparticles and, with the system under stirring, glucono delta lactone is slowly added followed by technical urea.
- the nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids of example n. 1 and the animal or plant protein hydrolyzate are added.
- the slurry is kept under stirring for about one hour, after which the product is ready to be packaged or stored in dedicated tanks.
- Potassium bicarbonate, glucono delta lactone and the oligosaccharide are poured in a mixer.
- the whole mass is homogenized and, while the system is under stirring, the nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids at acidic pH is slowly poured so as to form a semi-hard muddy mixture (slurry) .
- Said slurry is dried in a rotary dryer to maintain a humidity of 12-13% to allow a regular microgranulation (0.4-0.6 mm) .
- Microgranulation is carried out with the aid of natural adhesive substances, such as calcium lignosulfonate so as to obtain an intact granule during the agricultural operator's manipulation and already before, during the industrial packaging process.
- Said formulation allows to bring a high content of potassium to the plants and make them more resistant to fungal infections, such as Botrytis, sclerotinia and powdery mildew.
- All the extracts are gradually poured, one at a time, a zirconium microsphere mill provided with speed variator leaving the system under stirring for at least 20 minutes, for every single raw material.
- An operating speed of 500 rpm is preferable.
- the nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids and the oligosaccharide are added in the end, leaving the entire slurry under stirring for about 60 minutes at a speed of 500 rpm.
- Preparative example 12b nutraceutical for plants containing complexed phosphites, characterized by high performance on plants, for applications on the foliar apparatus and soil fertigation.
- composition is described which is formulated as follows:
- nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids and acidic pH.
- aqueous solution containing AgNPs, salicylic acid and phosphorous acid under stirring and stirring is continued for 30 minutes, then ammonium hydrate is slowly added and stirred for about three hours. Copper hydroxide is added and stirred for about one hour.
- nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids, acidic pH is slowly added and kept under stirring for 5-6 hours .
- the processed product is allowed to cool and then it is filtered at 120 mesh and packaged or stored in special tanks provided with pre-picking stirring system.
- nutraceutical formulation has proved surprisingly advantageous to bring phosphorus to plants in a particularly bioavailable and fast formula (P0 3 ) , in addition to nitrogen in ammonia form and copper as trace element, especially useful in numerous biochemical activities of plants.
- said nutraceutical preparation is a potent inducer of resistance in plants, particularly effective for the prevention of fungal diseases, particularly those induced by Oomycetes such as Peronospora spp. and Bremia spp. for bacterial diseases.
- the effectiveness of the nutraceutical preparation is due to the synergistic action of the salicylic acid with the phosphorous acid and the silver nanoparticles , complexed by the humic substances present in the nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids, in which the carboxylic and phenol acids are present, characterized by a strong complexing and carrier action.
- Said nutraceutical preparation represents an important innovation in the sector of phosphites, since it allows to have a highly bioavailable and effective preparation and at the same time with a low content of phosphites and phosphorous acid, with respect to the formulations currently available on the international market.
- Example 13 cultivation protocol of salad, leaf lettuce, arugula, celery and valerian, in protected cultivation.
- An application to the soil of a product of example 8 is carried out prior to seeding or transplantation at the dose of 500 kg/hectare .
- an application is carried, by sprinkling or by means of localized fertigation, of the product of example 4, at the dose of 20-30 kg/hectare (the highest dose is applied for the distribution by sprinkling over the entire surface) .
- an application of the formulation of example 10 is carried out in localized fertigation or sprinkling.
- Example 14 cultivation protocol of tomato, pepper and eggplant, in protected cultivation.
- example 8 The formulation of example 8 at the dose of 300 kg/hectare was applied pre-transplantation, localized on the rows. This is a slow-release formulation, which allows to obtain a balanced plant with a strong and expanded root system.
- example 1 Immediately after transplantation, the formulation of example 1 was distributed in localized fertigation at doses of 25 kg/hectare .
- example 7 The formulation of example 7, at a dose of 4 kg/hectare, was used 7 days after the transplantation, for the entire cultivation cycle at intervals of 7 days.
- example 4 was used in localized fertigation at a dose of 25 kg/hectare 21 days and 45 days post transplantation. Said formulation allows to enhance the endogenous defenses of plants against fungi and bacteria, in addition to having a rhizogenic and nutritional action.
- the protocol can significantly reduce the nitrogen units used and thus the permanence thereof in vegetables and aquifers.
- example 7 Since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle, the formulation of example 7 was applied at a dose of 5 kg/hectare by foliar spraying, at intervals of 10 days.
- a foliar application was carried out halfway of the cultivation cycle with the formulation of example 4, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare .
- Example 16 Cultivation protocol for bean and string bean
- the product of example 7 was applied at a dose of 4 kg/hectare by foliar spraying, at intervals of 8 days.
- Example 17 Cultivation protocol for Cannabis sativa
- a treatment with 200-300 kg/hectare of the nutraceutical of example 8 is carried out upon transplantation of the cultivation.
- the nutraceutical of example 12 is administered at 10-14 day intervals, with foliar applications, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, mixed with the nutraceutical of example 12, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare.
- the nutraceutical of example 9 is administered at the dose of 5 kg/hectare pre-blooming and post- fruiting by foliar applications. After post- fruiting, the nutraceutical formulation of example 3 is applied in localized fertigation, at the dose of 25 kg/hectare, admixed with 10 kg/hectare of the nutraceutical of example 11.
- the nutraceutical of example 11 is administered in foliar applications in the last 45 days of the cultivation cycle, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, in three applications at 14-day intervals.
- the protocol allows to prevent fungal and bacterial diseases on cannabis, avoid damage by pests and, very importantly, obtain an increase in the content of cannabinoids, especially THC (delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol ) even with peaks up to 35%.
- Example 18 Cultivation protocol for cucumber, watermelon and melon
- example 8 at the dose of 150 kg/hectare was applied upon transplantation localized on the rows.
- example 7 Since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle, the formulation of example 7 was applied at a dose of 5 kg/hectare by foliar spraying, at intervals of 7 days. In the fruit growing phase, the formulation of example 10 was used at a dose of 30 kg/hectare for 4 applications, at 10-day intervals .
- the formulation of example 4 was used in localized fertigation at a dose of 20 kg/hectare 15 days and 45 days post transplantation. During the cultivation (about halfway of the cultivation cycle), the formulation of example 11 was applied three times at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, at intervals of 12 days.
- example 8 Prior to seeding, the formulation of example 8 was administered by broadcast seeding over the entire surface, at the dose of 200 kg/hectare .
- example 4 Immediately after seeding, the formulation of example 4 at the dose of 30 kg/hectare was applied over the entire surface by sprinkling .
- example 7 The formulation of example 7, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, was used since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle at intervals of 7 days.
- example 11 was applied on the cultivation by foliar spraying at the dose of 5 kg/hectare .
- example 8 at the dose of 200 kg/hectare was applied upon seeding, localized on the rows.
- example 7 Since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle, the formulation of example 7 was applied at a dose of 5 kg/hectare by foliar applications, at weekly intervals.
- example 10 was used in spraying fertigation at a dose of 35 kg/hectare halfway of the cultivation cycle.
- example 11 was applied in the last month of the cultivation cycle by foliar spraying at the dose of 5 kg/hectare, with two applications at intervals of 12 days.
- Example 21 Cultivation protocol for strawberry The formulation of example 8 at the dose of 200 kg/hectare was applied upon transplantation, localized on the convexing.
- example 1 Immediately after transplantation, the formulation of example 1 was administered by localized fertigation at doses of 30 kg/hectare .
- example 4 The formulation of example 4, at a dose of 20 kg/hectare, was administered every 30 days for the entire cultivation cycle by localized fertigation.
- example 7 Since the early vegetative stages, the formulation of example 7 was administered at a dose of 5 kg/hectare by foliar spraying, at intervals of 10 days, for the entire vegetative cycle.
- example 10 was administered by localized fertigation at a dose of 30 kg/hectare at 12 day intervals.
- Example 22 Cultivation protocol for wheat, corn, barley, sunflower seeds, quinoa, soy, rapeseeds, peanuts.
- example 6 Upon seeding, the formulation of example 6 was administered close to seeds at the dose of 40 kg/hectare.
- example 11 at the dose of 6 kg/hectare was applied to the cultivation one month prior to harvesting.
- example 6 was applied pre-seeding, localized on the rows, at the dose of 200 kg/hectare.
- Example 25 Cultivation protocol for tobacco
- example 8 was applied upon transplantation, localized on the rows, at the dose of 80 kg/hectare.
- example 11 was administered one month prior to harvesting the leaves, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare for 2 applications, at 12-day intervals.
- Example 26 Cultivation protocol for plum, peach, cherry, apricot and kiwi
- foliar treatment with the formulation of example 4, at a dose of 8 kg/hectare, preferably in 1000 liters of water/hectare .
- Example 28 Cultivation protocol for banana and and plantain.
- foliar treatments with the formulation of example 4, at a dose of 4 kg/hectare, also with aerial means, at intervals of 12-14 days.
- Example 29 Cultivation program for papaya, mango, pineapple, coffee and cocoa.
- Example 30 Cultivation program for pomegranate, blackberry, raspberry, blueberry.
- Example 31 Cultivation protocol for grapevine.
- Example 32 Cultivation protocol of tea.
- Foliar applications at 10 day intervals, with the formulation of example 10, at a dose of 6 kg/hectare, alternated with the application of the formulation containing spirulina of example 9 at a dose of 4 kg/hectare.
- Example 33 Physical chemical characterization of compositions A and B according to the present description and composition C (comparative) .
- compositions were prepared: A (according to the invention) , salicylic acid 8% w/w
- composition was prepared as follows:
- composition was prepared as follows:
- composition was prepared as follows:
- compositions A, B and C were tested by MR (Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), PXRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction) and ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection) .
- the samples were lyophilized before analysis. Approximately 25 ml of each of the samples A, B, C were taken after vigorously shaking them. The suspension was transferred into a flask, brought to the liquid nitrogen temperature and set to lyophilize for 3 days. The samples thus treated have a dry powder appearance and are ready for subsequent analysis.
- the presence or absence of salicylic acid in the formulations was carried out using the MR spectroscopy in solution.
- For each sample and for the reference salicylic acid about 10 mg of substance are weighed.
- the powder was transferred into a test tube with magnetic stirrer, suspended in 1 ml of deuterated water (D20) and left under magnetic stirring for 2 h. Microfiltration was then carried out and the filtrate was transferred to a 5 mm NMR tube.
- the 1H NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance 500 NMR spectrometer with 11.4 Tesla magnet. The residual water signal at 4.7 ppm was suppressed / attenuated using the 1D-NOESY sequence.
- the X-ray diffraction spectra from powders were performed on a Bruker diffractometer D2 Phaser using CuKa radiation. Data were collected in a range 2 ⁇ from 2.3 to 60° with the following parameters: step size 0.02°, counting time 0.4 s per step, primary slit module 0.6 mm, air scatter screen module equal to 1 mm and secondary slit module of 8 mm.
- the ATR-FTIR spectra were acquired with a Varian 640 IR spectrophotometer.
- a ZnSe crystal For the ATR mode used a ZnSe crystal.
- the spectra were acquired from 4000 to 400 cm-1 and averaged over 64 acquisitions, with a resolution of 4 cm-1.
- Salicylic acid (Figure 2A) has three distinctive bands in the fingerprint region to be used as markers: 756 cm-1, 691 cm-1 and 657 cm- 1.
- Samples A and B show two absorptions at 746 cm-1, tentatively assignable to salicylic acid, also considering the results of NMR spectra that unequivocally attest to the presence of acid in these two formulations. Assuming correct assignment the frequency shift of the band from 756 to 746 cm-1 could be interpreted as a significant interaction of salicylic acid with matrix in the case of the formulations A and B according to the present invention.
- Sample C clearly shows a 759 cm-1 band, consisting of the marker of salicylic acid.
- the acid salicylic does not show variations in frequency, thus attesting its presence as a component independent in a physical mixture.
- formulations A and B according to the present invention clearly show a salicylic acid amphization process, absent in sample C. This process is complete in the formulation A and extended, though not complete, in the formulation B.
- bioavailability of an active ingredient for example a pharmaceutical component is directly related to the crystallinity : to increase the bioavailability it is necessary to move towards an amorphous formulation of API.
- compositions A and B the totally or almost totally amorphous character of salicylic acid is preserved after freeze- drying .
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a process and to nutraceutical compositions obtained by using it for the treatment of plants, said compositions having surprising nutritional and biostimulant properties while enhancing the endogenous defenses of plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses. Said compositions also make plants more resistant to biotic infections, by limiting or avoiding the application of agrochemicals.
Description
DESCRIPTION
"Nutraceutical compositions for plants and method for their preparation"
Background art
Humic substances have critical functions in soil and plants. In soil, they bind to the elements present, particularly phosphorous and iron, thus promoting the bioavailability thereof towards the plant, avoiding the insolubilization due to the high pH and to the high content of active lime. They also promote the biodegradability of the toxins produced by plants and of all pollutants of organic origin brought to the soil or contained therein. They improve the chemical, physical and biological conditions of the soil by bringing organic carbon of biological origin, which play a catalytic role in promoting the absorption of nutrients by the plants. They also improve and homogenize the germination of seeds, have a strong rhizogenic action, i.e. promote the development of adventitious roots and enhance the biochemical activity of the soil and plants.
Humic substances play a very important complexing and carrier role, specifically of carboxylic and phenolic groups contained therein. In fact, the higher the content of organic carbon and its degree of humification, the stronger the complexing and carrier action they exert against the substances or elements to which they are associated.
Salicylic acid is an aromatic hydroxy acid found in plants, fruits and roots of Spiracea ulmaria , which belongs to the rosacea family, in hyacinths, tulips, strawberries and grapes. Salicylic acid is widely used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics for its recognized anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, keratolytic action. In plants, salicylic acid activates the protein synthesis and participates in cellular destruction and SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance) induction. This resistance is expressed against a wide range of harmful organisms and differs in its action according to
the inductor pathogen agent. However, a use thereof on a large scale in agriculture has not yet become widespread, since a formulation which promotes the bioavailability thereof has not yet been developed.
Active silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their antimicrobial activity against harmful organisms for plants, fungi, bacteria, viruses.
Over the past 50 years, the shift to intensive agriculture has led to abuse in the use of fertilizers and agrochemicals, with serious and irreversible damage to the environment, the ecosystem in general and to the people, with the explosion of many cancerous diseases .
For this reason, the need for innovative solutions for use in agriculture is strongly felt. In particular, the need is strongly felt for a composition for fertilizing crops in an eco friendly manner, which should allow a reduction in the use of agrochemicals and an increase in yields and quality of agricultural production. Description of the invention
The present invention relates to a process and to nutraceutical compositions obtained by the same for the treatment of plants, said compositions having surprising nutritional and biostimulant properties and of enhancement of endogenous defenses of plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses. Said compositions also make plants more resistant to biotic infections, by limiting or avoiding the application of agrochemicals.
Figures :
Figure 1: XPRD spectra (A) salicylic acid (reference standard) (B) composition A, (C) composition B, (D) composition C (comparative) . Figure 2: ATR-FTIR spectra (A) salicylic acid (reference standard)
(B) composition A, (C) composition B, (D) composition C
(comparative) .
Figure 3: MR spectra (A) salicylic acid (reference standard) (B) composition A, (C) composition B, (D) composition C (comparative) .
Detailed description of the invention:
Definition: "fossil material" denotes a material containing at least 80% w/w of total organic substance, at least 80% w/w of extractable organic substance and 80% w/w of humified organic substance. In a preferred embodiment, the most advantageous fossil material has a total organic matter content of 90% w/w, with a percentage of extractability of the organic substance o f 90% and a degree of humification of 90%.
Fossil material is particularly rich in humic substances.
A first object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of nutraceuticals for plants which comprises:
a) Preparing a muddy mixture of fossil material, by mixing said fossil material finely divided with an aqueous solution comprising AgNPs having a diameter of <100 nm, preferably from 20 to 30 nm, with a concentration of silver in said aqueous solution from 20 ppm to 300 ppm;
b) Adding salicylic acid to the mixture resulting from step a) with the mixture under stirring until complete homogenization of all the slurry;
c) Adding an alkaline agent to the mixture of step b) under stirring, preferably selected from the group comprising potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide or mixtures thereof.
The alkaline extraction allows the optimum extraction o f the humic substances contained in the fossil material.
In an alternative embodiment, said method also comprises, in said step c) , an ultrasonic treatment at very high power, approximately 80 kHz, at a temperature from 50 to 70 °C. The exposure to ultrasounds allows an effective extraction, even in the presence o f low concentrations o f alkaline agent.
Said fossil material is preferably selected from the group comprising: leonardite, lignite, peat coal, xylite, peat and mixtures thereof, preferably leonardite.
Preferably, said fossil material is finely ground and characterized by a particle size from 100 to 200 mesh, even more preferably from 100 to 150 mesh or from 120 to 150 mesh.
In one embodiment, the fossil material and the aqueous solution are mixed in a ratio from about 1:0.1 to about 1:10, or from about
1:0.2 to about 1:8, or from about 1:0.3 to about 1:6.
Said mixing ratios of the fossil material with the aqueous solution are also selected on the basis of the final formulation to be obtained, i.e. the ratios are in favor of the fossil material if a solid final formulation is desired.
Preferably, salicylic acid is added in an amount from 1% to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7%, preferably it is about 5% or 3% w/w of the mixture .
Typically, the percentages of the alkaline agent added to the mixture are in the range from 3% to 7% w/w with respect to the mixture itself and in any case, their concentration is always proportional to the percentages of salicylic acid.
The slurry being worked which comprises said mixture of fossil material, salicylic acid, alkaline agent is kept under stirring for at least 1 hour, preferably for 2 hours, even more preferably for 5-6 hours. It is also possible to carry out said process with a continuous industrial plant.
According to the present invention, the process described herein allows to obtain two basic compositions of nutraceuticals : an acidic composition at pH from 5.5 to 6.0 and an alkaline composition at pH from 9.5 to 12.00, depending on the percentages of salicylic acid used and alkaline agent used for the extraction of humic substances.
These formulation features are useful and essential in the selection of specific compositions for different productions/mixtures, for different soils (acidic or basic soils) and for different crops (acidophilus or basophilic crops) .
Below is the selection of suitable and targeted formulations for
every need, by way of example, formulations suitable for hydroponic or soilless crops have been selected.
Depending on the muddy mixture prepared, the concentration of the solution of AgNPs, salicylic acid and alkaline agent (extraction means), the slurry is optionally filtered (100-120 mesh) for the preparation of liquid formulations (at alkaline pH or acidic pH) , or dried using a (normally rotary) dryer and, optionally, granulated or microgranulated for precision applications on crops. Microgranulation (0.4-1.0 mm) is recommended for solid products, since it allows a rational and precision distribution of the amounts of fertilizers actually added, a control which is required for sustainable agriculture. Microgranular formulations can be distributed with precision machines, able to administer 25-40 kg/ha of formulation at the time of seeding, compared to 250-400 kg/ha dispensed nowadays with the current crop nutrition techniques .
In the embodiment which provides a granular or microgranular product, said method of preparation comprises a first drying of the slurry carried out with a rotary dryer, leaving a residual moisture in the product of about 13-16%, preferably of about 15% which is followed by the granulation or microgranulation process, preferably with a disc granulator, which is followed by one final drying on a fluid bed plant.
The method comprising the drying in subsequent steps advantageously allows a better microgranulation or granulation, due to the residual moisture content still present during the granulation process.
In order to promote the granulation and microgranulation process, adding a glue to the mixture, preferably of a natural origin, such as lignosul fonate or carboxymethylcellulose, has proved effective. The formulation comprising the glue ensures a better hold of the granule and a better mechanical distribution of the granules, which is important in precision fertilization.
The production process according to the present invention may also be implemented in other industrial technologies that the process engineer will deem appropriate, depending on the specific needs, technologies allowing the introduction of the different raw materials in line while the plant is carrying out the homogenization of the whole slurry, up to obtain the titrated mixture already granulated or microgranulated .
For the preparation of solid formulations, it is suitable to follow a working schedule which takes the cultivation needs into proper consideration. All those raw materials are therefore added according to the desired content and depending on the specific classification of the formulation to be marketed, such as for use in organic farming or in eco friendly agriculture.
For the preparation of liquid formulations, the present production process comprises the necessary separation of the liquid moiety from the insoluble moiety of the mixtures, where the liquid phase represents the plant nutraceutical composition, which can be used as is or used to prepare mixtures of nutraceutics for plants with specific titrations.
For the production of liquid formulations according to the present invention, a very fine, almost weightless fossil material ground to 120-150 mesh should be used in order to obtain better extraction and little filtration waste. It is also very important to carry out an adequate separation of the liquid moiety from the insoluble one in the mixture through a special filtering system, for example with filter press, vacuum filter and other systems available, avoiding the natural sedimentation technique, which also eliminates moieties which are very important from the agronomic point of view. For the production of liquid formulations, at acidic pH or alkaline pH, according to the present invention, for direct use in agriculture or for use as an intermediate in the formulation of nutraceutics for plants, a reactor should be available, provided with high speed (2000-3000
rpm) stirring system, rpm control, preferably with two independent propeller stirring columns in order to allow to stir the slurry in both directions and stir the product on the bottom to the surface, and vice versa. This allows to obtain homogeneous productions and a better and complete extraction of humic substances.
It is advantageous to use ultrasounds in the slurry as they greatly improve the extraction and allow to obtain a colloidal suspension even with an acidic pH and a significant reduction of the extraction means (alkaline products) .
In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous solution comprising AgNPs is added to the reactor, preferably of stainless steel, and then, the finely ground fossil material is added slowly under stirring. Alternately, the fossil material is introduced into the plant and the aqueous solution comprising AgNPs is added thereto. The slow addition of the ground fossil material to the water already present in the reactor has proved particularly advantageous in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture without lumps.
While the system is under stirring, salicylic acid is added slowly in the defined proportion, depending on the desired end product. It is kept under stirring for 2-3 hours. After 2-3 hours of stirring, the alkaline agent is poured slowly. The slurry is kept being worked for at least 1 hour, preferably for about 5-6 hours, after which the product is ready to be filtered and/or dried and/or stored in dedicated tanks.
The preparation process described herein, as noted hereinafter, leads to a product in which the complexing action of humic substances is maximized, so as to have a nutraceutical complex in which the bioavailability of active ingredients contained therein is maximized. This particularly advantageous effect is achieved due to the specific combination of active ingredients and to the preparation process, which allows to maximize the effectiveness thereof .
In a further aspect, compositions obtained with the process
described above are described herein.
Compositions were obtained which are used in organic farming, which comprise raw materials permitted and certified for use in organic farming, and compositions suitable for eco friendly agriculture comprising mineral and/or process raw materials only in very small amounts, so as not to have a strong environmental impact .
Liquid formulations, with acidic pH and alkaline pH, produced according to the present invention, are advantageously used as an intermediate for the preparation of specific formulations, titered according to commercial and technical requirements.
Solid (granular and/or microgranular) formulations are also obtained with an acidic or alkaline pH, so as to adapt them to the crop and soils on which they are used.
Formulations with a high content of acidic pH humic acids are used in physiologically alkaline soils, in foliar applications, in hydroponics crops and in mixtures with agrochemicals.
Formulations with a high content of alkaline pH humic acid are used in acidic soils.
The formulations according to the present invention may further comprise one or more substances able to release macroelements, microelements and/or meso-elements . Said macro-elements comprise, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Said microelements comprise, for example, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum. Said meso-elements comprise, for example, calcium and magnesium.
Particularly effective nutraceutical compositions further comprise the addition of animal or plant protein hydrolysates .
The addition of insect repellents, fungicides, fungistatic agents, bactericidal agents, bacteriostatic agents, nematode repellents, plant growth regulators, complex fertilizers, adsorbentshas proved to be particularly effective.
In a preferred embodiment, said plant growth regulators are
selected from cytokines, auxins, gibberellins .
In a preferred embodiment, said adsorbents are of natural origin and comprise starches and derivatives thereof, or they are synthesized and comprise potassium polyacrylates . Said adsorbents are preferably added in amounts from 5 to 20% w/w.
In one embodiment, said method shall further comprises the addition of residues (cake) to said mixture from extraction processes of oils, preferably of neem [Azadirachta indica) , karanja {Pongamia glabra) , castor (Ricinus communis) , Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) .
In a further embodiment, said compositions also comprise Sophora japonica extract.
The following table shows the results obtained in terms of average % increase in yields of productions, average % reductions of the fertilizing units administered and average reduction of the agrochemicals administered.
The results in the single cultivations were obtained by applying the cultivation protocols described in detail in examples 13 to 32, using the formulations according to the present invention, as described in examples 1 to 12. The results obtained on each of the cultivations are surprising in terms of yield increase, reduction of fertilizing units and agrochemicals administered.
On all the crops tested, the nutraceutrical formulation of example 12w was used the control of pests (insects, nematodes and mites), at the foliar doses of 4-5 kg/hectare and on specialized horticultural crops, provided with drip irrigation system, also administered to the soil at doses of 10-20 kg/hectare, carrying out 2 applications, one at 7-10 days post transplantation and the other halfway of the growing cycle.
Table 1: effects obtained on the indicated crops using the cultivation protocols according to the present invention.
production fertilizing agrochemicals yield units administered administered
Salad 20 60 90
Leaf lettuce 15 60 90
Arugula 15 70 90
Celery 30 50 90
Valerian 15 55 90
Tomato 20 70 90
Pepper 20 70 90
Eggplant 15 60 90
Potato 16 60 90
Green bean 20 60 90
Bean 15 60 90
Cucumber 20 60 90
Radish 12 60 90
Zucchini 20 60 90
Carrot 12 50 90
Strawberry 25 50 90
Watermelon 18 55 90
Melon 20 50 90
Wheat 15 60 80
Barley 14 60 80
Quinoa 26 60 95
Corn 18 40 90
Soy 15 60 90
Rapeseed 16 50 90
Sunflower 15 50 90
seeds
Beet leaves 16 60 90
Rice 15 40 80
Peanuts 18 50 90
Tobacco 16 60 90
Plum 18 60 90
Kiwi 20 50 90
Apple 15 55 90
Pear 15 55 90
Banana plant 12 50 90
Cherry 10 50 90
Peach 13 50 80
Apricot 10 50 90
Papaya 12 55 90
Mango 15 60 90
Pineapple 12 45 90
Pomegranate 18 60 90
Berries 14 60 90
(blackberries,
raspberries ,
blueberries ,
■ - - )
Grapevine 15 55 80
Citrus fruits 16 40 80
Tea 22 40 90
Coffee 15 40 90
Cocoa 12 50 90
The composition according to the present invention turned out to be surprisingly advantageous, showing a synergy between the different components. A synergy made strong by the method used for the preparation of the composition, which allows the formation of a mixture of organic substances which comprises AgNPs and salicylic acid, from which the humic substance is then extracted. The alkaline extraction method proposed, possibly assisted by ultrasonic extraction, when applied to a mixture comprising the desired components, allows it to be found evenly distributed in the finished product. The humic substance, due to the chelating properties of its constituents, rich in phenolic and carboxylic groups, has a strong property as a carrier and complexing agent. The extraction method described herein allows a nutraceutical complex with unique properties to be obtained, which allows maximum bioavailability of the components present. In the formulation described herein, the AgNPs show a fungicide,
bactericide and antiviral action exceeding that expected when applied with other methods. The combined presence of salicylic acid enhances the endogenous defenses of plants.
The advantage resulting from having the microgranulate formulations described herein, which allow precise control of the distribution of fertilizer, is also noted. These make the fertilization process eco- friendly, allowing the fertilizing units for the nutrition of crops to be rationalized. The surprising activity observed in enhancing the endogenous defenses of plants also allows the drastic reduction of agrochemicals, thus preventing the use of substances with a very strong impact on the ecosystem and very high permanence in the environment and in agricultural products, as well as dangerous for the operators. The advantages described are associates to a marked quality and quantity improvement of agricultural productions.
The following examples are intended to better illustrate the solution according to the present invention, are not intended to be limiting of the same. Examples 1 to 12 describe compositions and formulation processes, examples 13 to 32 describe cultivation protocols which involve the use of one or more of the compositions described in the examples above.
Examples :
Example 1: nutraceutical for plants with a high content of humic acids and with acidic pH.
A composition is described which is formulated as follows:
72.5% aqueous solution containing 20 ppm-300 ppm AGNPs
5% salicylic acid
20% finely ground leonardite or other fossil material
2.5% potassium hydroxide in 99.8% flakes
Preparative process :
To a sealed tank provided with high speed (2000-3000 rpm) stirring system, preferably with propellers, with two stirring columns, so as to proceed with stirring downwards and upwards, is added the
aqueous solution containing AgNPs and salicylic acid under stirring and stirring is continued for 10 minutes, then leonardite is slowly added and stirred for about an hour. Finally, potassium hydroxide is added and stirred for about one hour. In order to obtain a perfect extraction of humic substances, it is suggested to operate at high speeds and in both directions (upwards and downwards) . The use of ultrasounds in the slurry proved to be particularly advantageous here.
The formulation proved surprisingly advantageous in the preparation of nutraceuticals for plants, titered for example with macro-, micro-, meso-elements , nutritional catalysts, amino acids, seaweed extracts, plant extracts, protein hydrolysates . The formulations also proved to be advantageous for use in hydroponic cultivations, for the preparation of nutrient solutions for any cultivation (flowers, vegetables, nurseries, etc...), for foliar applications and also as such for use in fertigation.
Example 2: nutraceutical for plants with a high content of humic acids and with alkaline pH.
A composition is described which is formulated as follows:
70.00% aqueous solution containing 20 ppm-300 ppm AgNPs 5% salicylic acid
20% finely ground leonardite or other fossil material
5% potassium hydroxide in 99.8% flakes
The composition proved to be surprisingly advantageous in the preparation of basic formulations and for use in acidic soils and on basophilic plants.
Example 3: preparation of a titered (5% organic nitrogen) nutraceutical for plants in liquid formulation.
The nutraceutical is prepared ng by mixing in proportion 1:1 or a formulation according to examples 1 or 2 and an animal or plant protein hydrolysate containing 10% (w/w) of 50% organic nitrogen. Example 4: nutraceutical for plants titered in ammonia nitrogen (14%), copper (1%), zinc (4%), and manganese (2%), in liquid
formulation .
The nutraceutical comprises:
Example 5: nutraceutical for plants, microgranular formulation (% are w/w in the finished granulate/microgranulate product)
Production process: the aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles is poured in a mixer. Leonardite, neem cake, lithothamnium, garlic flour, castor cake, zinc sulfate, and salicylic acid are added
slowly under stirring. The mass is mixed continuously until it forms a homogeneous slurry. Still under stirring, potassium carbonate is then added to allow the extraction of humic substances from leonardite and form a stable and active complex. Thereafter, the slurry is dried by means of a drying system, preferably rotary, so as to leave a residual humidity of 13-16%, ideal for granulation or, preferably, microgranulation of the product (0.4-1.0 mm) . After granulation or microgranulation, the product is dried again by means of a fluid bed dryer, so as not to damage the granules.
It is noted that in this and in the following examples, where there is no % in finished product in relation to the aqueous solution, the aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles in the finished product is almost completely evaporated, there is no residual humidity in the finished product. For this reason, the % by weight of the aqueous solution in the finished product is irrelevant, since only the silver nanoparticles and the minerals present in said solution are found in the finished product.
Advantageously, in order to improve the granule hold, an adhesive of natural origin is added to the slurry, such as calcium lignosulfonate or carboxymethylcellulose . The formulation comprising the glue ensures a better mechanical distribution of the granules, which is important in precision fertilization.
The composition described herein has shown surprising advantages for use in organic farming, as it possesses a strong repellency activity against nematodes and soil insects, in addition to a strong rhizogenic action.
Example 6: nutraceutical for plants, microgranular formulation.
30% manganese sulfate 2%
salicylic acid 3%
potassium hydroxide in flakes 5%
46% technical urea 6%
aqueous solution of silver
nanoparticles (20 ppm - 200 ppm) as
needed to provide the mixture and
create a slurry (typically, 30% w/w
with respect to the raw materials
used in the process)
Production process: the aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles is poured in a mixer. Leonardite, NP 12-54 monoammonium phosphate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and salicylic acid are slowly added under stirring. The mixture is homogeneously mixture up to form a homogeneous slurry, thereafter boron ethanolamine, technical urea and potassium hydroxide are slowly poured under stirring, so as to allow the extraction of the humic substances from leonardite and form a stable and active complex. Thereafter, the slurry is dried by means of a drying system, preferably rotary, so as to leave a residual humidity of 13-16%, ideal for granulation or, preferably, microgranulation of the product (0.4- 1.0 mm) . After granulation or microgranulation, the product is dried again by means of a fluid bed dryer, so as not to damage the granules .
Advantageously, in order to improve the granule hold, an adhesive of natural origin is added to the slurry, such as calcium lignosulfonate or carboxymethylcellulose . The formulation comprising the glue ensures a better mechanical distribution of the granules, which is important in precision fertilization.
The formulation is eco friendly, slow-release, and has been advantageously applied with starter effect to industrial crops. Example 7: biological nutraceutical , WDG formulation, based on
trace elements (copper, zinc and manganese)
Production process: zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper hydroxide, glucono delta lactone and the oligosaccharide (preferably inulin) are poured in a mixer. The mass is homogeneously mixed. The aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles is slowly poured under stirring to form a homogeneous slurry. The nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids at acidic pH is then added to form a homogeneous and doughy slurry.
Thereafter, the slurry is dried by means of a drying system, preferably rotary, so as to leave a residual humidity of 13-16%, ideal for microgranulation of the product (0.4-1.0 mm) . After microgranulation (WDG) , the product is dried again by means of a fluid bed dryer, so as not to damage the granules.
Advantageously, in order to improve the granule hold, an adhesive of natural origin is added to the slurry, such as calcium lignosulfonate . The formulation comprising the adhesive ensures the hold in the packaging and prevents the formation of powders during the handling by the operator.
Example 8: nutraceutical for plants, microgranular formulation.
30% manganese sulfate 19- salicylic acid 9- potassium carbonate 7%
neem cake 20%
glucono delta lactone 4%
aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles (20
ppm - 200 ppm) as needed to provide the
mixture and create a slurry, typically, 30%
w/w with respect to the amount of raw
materials used in the process
19% iron sulfate Fe 6%
guano 29%
Production process: the aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles is poured in a mixer and leonardite, glucono delta lactone, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, neem cake, guano and salicylic acid are slowly added under stirring. The mixture is homogeneously mixture up to form a homogeneous slurry, thereafter boron ethanolamine, and potassium carbonate are slowly poured under stirring, so as to allow the extraction of the humic substances from leonardite and form a stable and active complex.
Thereafter, the slurry is dried by means of a drying system, preferably rotary, so as to leave a residual humidity of 13-16%, ideal for granulation or, preferably, microgranulation of the product (0.4-1.0 mm) . After granulation or microgranulation, the product is dried again by means of a fluid bed dryer, so as not to damage the granules.
Advantageously, an adhesive of natural origin is added to the slurry, such as calcium lignosulfonate or carboxymethylcellulose. The formulation is advantageously used in viticulture and horticulture and organic nursery.
Example 9: nutraceutical for plants characterized by high bio-
stimulating action on the underground and off-ground apparatus. The use of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) , a cyanobacterium very well known in the field of food supplements, characterized by a high protein content (60-70%) and, therefore, of organic nitrogen (10-11%), allows to obtain a formulation characterized by a marked biostimulant action enhancing the endogenous plant defenses, even in periods when the plant is subjected to strong biotic and abiotic stresses.
A composition is described which is formulated as follows:
47.5% aqueous solution containing active silver nanoparticles
(20 ppm-300 ppm)
3% salicylic acid
15% finely ground leonardite or other fossil material
30% finely ground spirulina
4.5% potassium bicarbonate
The preparation of this formulation is carried out as follows:
To a sealed tank provided with high speed (2000-3000 rpm) stirring system, preferably with propellers, with two stirring columns, so as to proceed with stirring downwards and upwards, is added the aqueous solution containing active silver nanoparticles and salicylic acid under stirring and stirring is continued for 10 minutes, then leonardite and spirulina are slowly added together and stirred for about an hour. Finally, potassium bicarbonate is added and stirred for about one hour. In order to obtain a perfect extraction of humic substances, it is suggested to operate at high speeds and in both directions (upwards and downwards) . It may be very advantageous to use ultrasounds in the slurry as they greatly improve the extraction and allow to obtain a much more homogeneous and stable colloidal suspension.
After the processing cycle, the product must be filtered to remove all insoluble substances. This can be done either with a vacuum filter or a filter press, with 100-120 mesh filter. Sedimentation filtration is not recommended s it also removes small useful
fractions contained in the fossil material. This filtration method successfully applies also to the formulations described in examples 1 and 2.
Example 10: nutraceutical with a high content of urea nitrogen for eco friendly agriculture, for foliar and root application.
Composition :
28% aqueous solution of AgNPs (20 ppm-300 ppm)
3% glucono delta lactone
44% technical urea with low content of biuret with a urea nitrogen content of 46% w/w
10% 10% protein hydrolysate org. no.
15% nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids, acidic pH
Production process:
To a reactor provided with high-speed stirring system, preferably with two propeller stirring columns and running direction switch is poured the aqueous solution of active silver nanoparticles and, with the system under stirring, glucono delta lactone is slowly added followed by technical urea. As soon as the technical urea has completely dissolved, the nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids of example n. 1 and the animal or plant protein hydrolyzate are added. The slurry is kept under stirring for about one hour, after which the product is ready to be packaged or stored in dedicated tanks.
Preparative example 11:
60% potassium bicarbonate
18% oligosaccharide (preferably inulin)
18% glucono delta lactone
20% nutraceutical with a high content of humic and acidic pH, where the dried substance present therein is found in the finished product, equal to 4% by weight of the finished product weight.
Method:
Potassium bicarbonate, glucono delta lactone and the
oligosaccharide are poured in a mixer.
The whole mass is homogenized and, while the system is under stirring, the nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids at acidic pH is slowly poured so as to form a semi-hard muddy mixture (slurry) .
Said slurry is dried in a rotary dryer to maintain a humidity of 12-13% to allow a regular microgranulation (0.4-0.6 mm) . Microgranulation is carried out with the aid of natural adhesive substances, such as calcium lignosulfonate so as to obtain an intact granule during the agricultural operator's manipulation and already before, during the industrial packaging process.
Said formulation allows to bring a high content of potassium to the plants and make them more resistant to fungal infections, such as Botrytis, sclerotinia and powdery mildew.
Preparative example 12 :
Composition :
15% hydrolyzed garlic extract
30% karanja extract (Pongamia glabra)
10% neem extract [Azadirachta indica)
2% Sophora j aponica extract
20% plant protein hydrolyzate
3% oligosaccharide (preferably inulin)
20% nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids at acidic pH.
Production process:
All the extracts are gradually poured, one at a time, a zirconium microsphere mill provided with speed variator leaving the system under stirring for at least 20 minutes, for every single raw material. An operating speed of 500 rpm is preferable.
The nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids and the oligosaccharide are added in the end, leaving the entire slurry under stirring for about 60 minutes at a speed of 500 rpm.
Preparative example 12b: nutraceutical for plants containing
complexed phosphites, characterized by high performance on plants, for applications on the foliar apparatus and soil fertigation.
A composition is described which is formulated as follows:
23.5% aqueous solution containing 20 ppm-300 ppm AGNPs
5% salicylic acid
23% of 98-99% phosphorous acid
29% of 28 Be ammonium hydroxide
4.5% of 50% Cu copper hydroxide
15% nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids and acidic pH.
Preparative process:
To a sealed reactor provided with high speed (2000-3000 rpm) stirring system, preferably with propellers, with two stirring columns, so as to proceed with stirring downwards and upwards, is added the aqueous solution containing AgNPs, salicylic acid and phosphorous acid under stirring and stirring is continued for 30 minutes, then ammonium hydrate is slowly added and stirred for about three hours. Copper hydroxide is added and stirred for about one hour. Finally, the nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids, acidic pH, is slowly added and kept under stirring for 5-6 hours .
After the stirring process, the processed product is allowed to cool and then it is filtered at 120 mesh and packaged or stored in special tanks provided with pre-picking stirring system.
This nutraceutical formulation has proved surprisingly advantageous to bring phosphorus to plants in a particularly bioavailable and fast formula (P03) , in addition to nitrogen in ammonia form and copper as trace element, especially useful in numerous biochemical activities of plants. Moreover, said nutraceutical preparation is a potent inducer of resistance in plants, particularly effective for the prevention of fungal diseases, particularly those induced by Oomycetes such as Peronospora spp. and Bremia spp. for bacterial diseases. The
effectiveness of the nutraceutical preparation is due to the synergistic action of the salicylic acid with the phosphorous acid and the silver nanoparticles , complexed by the humic substances present in the nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids, in which the carboxylic and phenol acids are present, characterized by a strong complexing and carrier action. Said nutraceutical preparation represents an important innovation in the sector of phosphites, since it allows to have a highly bioavailable and effective preparation and at the same time with a low content of phosphites and phosphorous acid, with respect to the formulations currently available on the international market. Example 13: cultivation protocol of salad, leaf lettuce, arugula, celery and valerian, in protected cultivation.
An application to the soil of a product of example 8 is carried out prior to seeding or transplantation at the dose of 500 kg/hectare .
Immediately after seeding and/or transplantation, an application is carried, by sprinkling or by means of localized fertigation, of the product of example 4, at the dose of 20-30 kg/hectare (the highest dose is applied for the distribution by sprinkling over the entire surface) .
During the cultivation cycle, at intervals of 7 days, foliar application by spraying of the product of example 7, at a dose of 4 kg/hectare, diluted in 1000 liters of water.
Around half of the cultivation cycle, an application of the formulation of example 10 is carried out in localized fertigation or sprinkling.
Healthy plants, high quality of production and a low content of nitrate in the leaves were obtained following this cultivation protocol .
Example 14: cultivation protocol of tomato, pepper and eggplant, in protected cultivation.
The formulation of example 8 at the dose of 300 kg/hectare was
applied pre-transplantation, localized on the rows. This is a slow-release formulation, which allows to obtain a balanced plant with a strong and expanded root system.
Immediately after transplantation, the formulation of example 1 was distributed in localized fertigation at doses of 25 kg/hectare .
The formulation of example 7, at a dose of 4 kg/hectare, was used 7 days after the transplantation, for the entire cultivation cycle at intervals of 7 days.
The formulation of example 4 was used in localized fertigation at a dose of 25 kg/hectare 21 days and 45 days post transplantation. Said formulation allows to enhance the endogenous defenses of plants against fungi and bacteria, in addition to having a rhizogenic and nutritional action.
In the growth phase of the berries, 3 applications of the formulation of example 10 were carried out in localized fertigation, at intervals of 12 days, at a dose of 40 kg/hectare. In the phenological phase of growth end and beginning of veraison, the formulation of example 11 was used at a dose of 5 kg/hectare for 2 applications, at 14-day intervals.
The protocol can significantly reduce the nitrogen units used and thus the permanence thereof in vegetables and aquifers.
Example 15: cultivation protocol for potatoes
The formulation of example 6 at the dose of 100 kg/hectare was applied upon seeding, localized on the rows.
Since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle, the formulation of example 7 was applied at a dose of 5 kg/hectare by foliar spraying, at intervals of 10 days.
A foliar application was carried out halfway of the cultivation cycle with the formulation of example 4, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare .
The formulation of example 11 at the dose of 5 kg/hectare was applied post-blooming by foliar spraying.
Example 16: Cultivation protocol for bean and string bean
The formulation of example 6 at the dose of 100 kg/hectare was applied upon seeding localized on the rows.
Since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle, the product of example 7 was applied at a dose of 4 kg/hectare by foliar spraying, at intervals of 8 days.
Example 17: Cultivation protocol for Cannabis sativa
in organic farming
A treatment with 200-300 kg/hectare of the nutraceutical of example 8 is carried out upon transplantation of the cultivation. After the transplantation, the nutraceutical of example 12 is administered at 10-14 day intervals, with foliar applications, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, mixed with the nutraceutical of example 12, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare.
The nutraceutical of example 9 is administered at the dose of 5 kg/hectare pre-blooming and post- fruiting by foliar applications. After post- fruiting, the nutraceutical formulation of example 3 is applied in localized fertigation, at the dose of 25 kg/hectare, admixed with 10 kg/hectare of the nutraceutical of example 11.
The nutraceutical of example 11 is administered in foliar applications in the last 45 days of the cultivation cycle, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, in three applications at 14-day intervals. The protocol allows to prevent fungal and bacterial diseases on cannabis, avoid damage by pests and, very importantly, obtain an increase in the content of cannabinoids, especially THC (delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol ) even with peaks up to 35%.
Example 18: Cultivation protocol for cucumber, watermelon and melon
The formulation of example 8 at the dose of 150 kg/hectare was applied upon transplantation localized on the rows.
Since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle, the formulation of example 7 was applied at a dose of 5 kg/hectare by foliar spraying, at intervals of 7 days.
In the fruit growing phase, the formulation of example 10 was used at a dose of 30 kg/hectare for 4 applications, at 10-day intervals .
The formulation of example 4 was used in localized fertigation at a dose of 20 kg/hectare 15 days and 45 days post transplantation. During the cultivation (about halfway of the cultivation cycle), the formulation of example 11 was applied three times at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, at intervals of 12 days.
Example 19: Cultivation protocol for radish
Prior to seeding, the formulation of example 8 was administered by broadcast seeding over the entire surface, at the dose of 200 kg/hectare .
Immediately after seeding, the formulation of example 4 at the dose of 30 kg/hectare was applied over the entire surface by sprinkling .
The formulation of example 7, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, was used since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle at intervals of 7 days.
One week prior to seeding, the formulation of example 11 was applied on the cultivation by foliar spraying at the dose of 5 kg/hectare .
Example 20: Cultivation protocol for carrot
The formulation of example 8 at the dose of 200 kg/hectare was applied upon seeding, localized on the rows.
Since the early vegetative stages and for the entire cultivation cycle, the formulation of example 7 was applied at a dose of 5 kg/hectare by foliar applications, at weekly intervals.
The formulation of example 10 was used in spraying fertigation at a dose of 35 kg/hectare halfway of the cultivation cycle.
The formulation of example 11 was applied in the last month of the cultivation cycle by foliar spraying at the dose of 5 kg/hectare, with two applications at intervals of 12 days.
Example 21: Cultivation protocol for strawberry
The formulation of example 8 at the dose of 200 kg/hectare was applied upon transplantation, localized on the convexing.
Immediately after transplantation, the formulation of example 1 was administered by localized fertigation at doses of 30 kg/hectare .
The formulation of example 4, at a dose of 20 kg/hectare, was administered every 30 days for the entire cultivation cycle by localized fertigation.
Since the early vegetative stages, the formulation of example 7 was administered at a dose of 5 kg/hectare by foliar spraying, at intervals of 10 days, for the entire vegetative cycle.
In the fruit growing stage, the formulation of example 10 was administered by localized fertigation at a dose of 30 kg/hectare at 12 day intervals.
In the post-growth and pre-veraison phase of the strawberries, 3 applications of the formulation of example 11 were carried out at intervals of 10 days, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare.
Example 22: Cultivation protocol for wheat, corn, barley, sunflower seeds, quinoa, soy, rapeseeds, peanuts.
Upon seeding, the formulation of example 6 was administered close to seeds at the dose of 40 kg/hectare.
100 units of nitrogen in urea form were administered as coverage. During the growth of the culture, 2 foliar treatments with the formulation of example 10, at a dose of 7 kg/hectare and 2 foliar treatments with the formulation of example 4, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, were carried out.
Example 23: Cultivation protocol for beet leaves
The formulation of example 6 at the dose of 40 kg/hectare was administered upon seeding, localized on the rows.
During the vegetation, 3 treatments were carried out with the formulation of example 7, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare, admixed with 2.5 kg of the formulation of example 10.
The formulation of example 11 at the dose of 6 kg/hectare was
applied to the cultivation one month prior to harvesting.
Example 24: Cultivation protocol for rice
The formulation of example 6 was applied pre-seeding, localized on the rows, at the dose of 200 kg/hectare.
During the cultivation cycle, 3 treatments were carried out by foliar application with the formulation of example 7, at a dose of
4 kg/hectare, admixed with 3 kg of the formulation of example 10. Example 25: Cultivation protocol for tobacco
The formulation of example 8 was applied upon transplantation, localized on the rows, at the dose of 80 kg/hectare.
Foliar applications of the formulation of example 7 were carried out since the early vegetative stages at intervals of 10 days.
The formulation of example 11 was administered one month prior to harvesting the leaves, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare for 2 applications, at 12-day intervals.
Example 26: Cultivation protocol for plum, peach, cherry, apricot and kiwi
Immediately after the fall of the leaves and immediately after pruning, foliar application of 7 kg/hectare of the formulation of example 4, preferably diluted in 1000 litres of water.
One month prior to the vegetative growth, soil application, along the cultivation rows, of the formulation of example 8, 150 kg/hectare .
During the vegetative stage, foliar applications in pre-blooming, post- fruiting and three weeks later, treatment with the formulation of example 7, at a dose of 4 kg/hectare, preferably in 800-1000 liters of water/hectare.
In the growth phase of the fruits, 2 treatments were carried out with the formulation of example 10, at intervals of 12 days, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare.
Since mid-cultivation cycle, with fruit size of about 50%, the formulation of example 11 was administered 3 times, at the dose of
5 kg/hectare.
Example 27: Cultivation protocol for apple and pear
Immediately after the fall of the leaves, after pruning and growth of the buds, foliar treatment with the formulation of example 4, at a dose of 8 kg/hectare, preferably in 1000 liters of water/hectare .
One month prior to the vegetative growth, root application, along the cultivation rows, of 150 kg/hectare of the formulation of example 8.
Since the early vegetative stages, excluding the blooming period, foliar treatments at intervals of 7-8 days with the formulation of example 7, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare.
In the fruit growth stage, 2 foliar treatments with the formulation of example 10 at the dose of 5 kg/hectare.
Two foliar treatments with the formulation of example 11 at the dose of 5 kg/hectare were carried out one month prior to harvesting .
Example 28: Cultivation protocol for banana and and plantain.
At the beginning of the vegetative activity, root administration of 1.5 kg/plant of the formulation of example 8.
During the cultivation, foliar treatments with the formulation of example 4, at a dose of 4 kg/hectare, also with aerial means, at intervals of 12-14 days.
Example 29: Cultivation program for papaya, mango, pineapple, coffee and cocoa.
At the beginning of the vegetative activity, root administration of 100-150 kg/hectare of the formulation of example 8.
During the cultivation cycle, excluding the blooming period, foliar applications at intervals of 10-12 days with the formulation of example 4, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare.
Example 30: Cultivation program for pomegranate, blackberry, raspberry, blueberry.
At the beginning of the vegetative activity, root administration along the cultivation rows of 100-150 kg/hectare of the
formulation of example 8.
During the cultivation cycle, excluding the blooming period, foliar applications at intervals of 15 days with the formulation of example 7, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare.
In the fruit growing phase, foliar application of the formulation of example 10, at a dose of 6 kg/hectare, with 3 applications at 12-day intervals.
Example 31: Cultivation protocol for grapevine.
Upon the fall of the leaves, after pruning and swelling buds, foliar treatment with the formulation of example 7, at a dose of 6 kg/hectare .
One month prior to the vegetative growth, soil administration, along the cultivation rows, of the formulation of example 8, at a dose of 100 kg/hectare.
During the vegetative period, foliar applications at intervals of 7-8 days with the formulation of example 7, at a dose of 4-5 kg/hectare .
In the pre-veraison stage, 2 treatments were carried out with the formulation of example 11 at the dose of 5 kg/hectare, at 12-day intervals .
Example 32: Cultivation protocol of tea.
Localized soil application, along the cultivation rows, of the formulation of example 8, 200 kg/hectare.
Foliar applications, at 10 day intervals, with the formulation of example 10, at a dose of 6 kg/hectare, alternated with the application of the formulation containing spirulina of example 9 at a dose of 4 kg/hectare.
Monthly applications of the formulation of example 7, at a dose of 5 kg/hectare.
Example 33: Physical chemical characterization of compositions A and B according to the present description and composition C (comparative) .
The following compositions were prepared:
A (according to the invention) , salicylic acid 8% w/w
The composition was prepared as follows:
- providing a fossil material;
introducing said fossil material, salicylic acid, silver nanoparticles and a solvent into a reactor, stirring until a slurry is obtained;
extracting the humic substances from said slurry by alkaline extraction .
B (according to the invention), salicylic acid 3% w/w
The composition was prepared as follows:
- providing a fossil material;
introducing said fossil material, salicylic acid, silver nanoparticles and a solvent into a reactor, stirring until a slurry is obtained;
extracting the humic substances from said slurry by alkaline extraction .
C (Comparative) , salicylic acid 6% w/w
The composition was prepared as follows:
- providing a fossil material;
- introducing said fossil material and a solvent into a reactor, stirring until a slurry is obtained;
extracting the humic substances from said slurry by acid extraction;
- adding to the obtained formulation salicylic acid.
Experimental methods:
The three compositions A, B and C were tested by MR (Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), PXRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction) and ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection) .
The samples were lyophilized before analysis. Approximately 25 ml of each of the samples A, B, C were taken after vigorously shaking them. The suspension was transferred into a flask, brought to the liquid nitrogen temperature and set to lyophilize for 3 days. The samples thus treated have a dry powder appearance and are ready
for subsequent analysis.
The presence or absence of salicylic acid in the formulations was carried out using the MR spectroscopy in solution. For each sample and for the reference salicylic acid about 10 mg of substance are weighed. The powder was transferred into a test tube with magnetic stirrer, suspended in 1 ml of deuterated water (D20) and left under magnetic stirring for 2 h. Microfiltration was then carried out and the filtrate was transferred to a 5 mm NMR tube. The 1H NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance 500 NMR spectrometer with 11.4 Tesla magnet. The residual water signal at 4.7 ppm was suppressed / attenuated using the 1D-NOESY sequence. The X-ray diffraction spectra from powders were performed on a Bruker diffractometer D2 Phaser using CuKa radiation. Data were collected in a range 2Θ from 2.3 to 60° with the following parameters: step size 0.02°, counting time 0.4 s per step, primary slit module 0.6 mm, air scatter screen module equal to 1 mm and secondary slit module of 8 mm.
The ATR-FTIR spectra were acquired with a Varian 640 IR spectrophotometer. For the ATR mode used a ZnSe crystal. The spectra were acquired from 4000 to 400 cm-1 and averaged over 64 acquisitions, with a resolution of 4 cm-1.
Results :
NMR
In order to ascertain unequivocally the presence of salicylic acid in the formulations a deuterated water extraction on the lyophilized products and subsequent analysis of the liquid fraction with lH-NMR spectroscopy are performed. NMR spectra are reported in Figure 3.
The spectrum of pure salicylic acid (reference standard) is given in figure 3A. The spectrum presents a series of signals in the aromatic region between 7 and 8.2 ppm due to ABCD spin system of salicylic acid. The presence of such bands in the spectra of the formulated is incontrovertible proof of the presence of salicylic
acid in the formulation itself.
These signals can be traced in the spectra corresponding to the samples A, B and C. This shows that in these samples it is present salicylic acid.
XPRD
The spectra obtained with salicylic acid is reported in Figure 1A. Sample A (Figure IB) Partially crystalline sample. The reflexes present are in large part ascribable to the presence of potassium bicarbonate, as evidenced by the presence of reflections at 2Θ = 12.26, 24.43, 30.23, 39.42. It is also to be noted that there are no particular overlaps with peaks due to salicylic acid, despite the fact that salicylic acid is present in the formulation A, as confirmed by NMR data. This is indicative of the fact that the Tetracal formulation has amorphized salicylic acid.
Sample B (Figure 1C) Partially crystalline sample for the presence of reflections that have intensity significantly higher than the noise level. The comparison with the standards allows to assign some peaks to salicylic acid: 2Θ = 11.03, 17.27, 25.32.
Sample C (Figure ID) is characterized by an almost amorphous structure, with a wide halo and a wide maximum around 2Θ = 27°.
ATR-FTIR
Salicylic acid (Figure 2A) has three distinctive bands in the fingerprint region to be used as markers: 756 cm-1, 691 cm-1 and 657 cm- 1.
Samples A and B (Figure 2B, C) show two absorptions at 746 cm-1, tentatively assignable to salicylic acid, also considering the results of NMR spectra that unequivocally attest to the presence of acid in these two formulations. Assuming correct assignment the frequency shift of the band from 756 to 746 cm-1 could be interpreted as a significant interaction of salicylic acid with matrix in the case of the formulations A and B according to the present invention.
Sample C (Figure 2D) clearly shows a 759 cm-1 band, consisting of
the marker of salicylic acid. In the comparative sample, the acid salicylic does not show variations in frequency, thus attesting its presence as a component independent in a physical mixture.
The most important conclusion that can be made from the analysis is that, within the limits of the sensitivity of the method and considering the limits due to bandwidth and spectral overlap, is that formulations A and B according to the present invention clearly show a salicylic acid amphization process, absent in sample C. This process is complete in the formulation A and extended, though not complete, in the formulation B. Recent scientific literature has highlighted as the bioavailability of an active ingredient, for example a pharmaceutical component is directly related to the crystallinity : to increase the bioavailability it is necessary to move towards an amorphous formulation of API.
In the case of compositions A and B, the totally or almost totally amorphous character of salicylic acid is preserved after freeze- drying .
Claims
1. A method for preparing a nutraceutical composition for plants, comprising:
a) providing a fossil material, an aqueous solution comprising silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and salicylic acid;
b) introducing said fossil material, aqueous solution comprising AgNPs and salicylic acid into a reactor, stirring until a slurry is obtained;
c) extracting the humic substances from said slurry by alkaline extraction .
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein in said step b) the aqueous solution is introduced into the reactor and said fossil material is slowly added thereto, under stirring, and when the slurry is formed, said salicylic acid is added.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said stirring is obtained in a reactor comprising two independent propeller stirring columns.
4 . A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said stirring is high speed, between 2000 - 3000 rpm, upwards and downwards .
5. A method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in said step b) , the stirring is maintained for 2-3 hours to obtain said slurry.
6. A method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in said step c) , said extraction takes place by slowly adding an alkaline agent to the slurry under stirring and the slurry is kept under stirring for at least 1 hour, preferably for about 5-6 hours.
7 . A method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said fossil material is characterized by at least 80% (w/w) of total organic substance, at least 80% (w/w) of extractable organic substance and at least 80% (w/w) of humified organic
substance, preferably at least 90% (w/w) of total organic substance, at least 90% (w/w) of extractable organic substance and at least 90% (w/w) of humified organic substance .
8. A method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said fossil material is selected from the group comprising: leonardite, lignite, peat coaleat, xylite, peat or mixtures thereof .
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said fossil material is leonardite.
10. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in said step c) the slurry is exposed to high power ultrasound, preferably at about 80 kHz.
11. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said fossil material is finely ground, characterized by a grain size from 100 to 200 mesh, preferably from 120 to 150 mesh .
12. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in said step b) , said fossil material and said aqueous solution are mixed in a ratio from about 1:0.1 to about 1:10.
13. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in said step b) , said fossil material and said aqueous solution are mixed in a ratio from about 1:0.2 to about 1:8.
14. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in said step b) , said fossil material and said aqueous solution are mixed in a ratio from about 1:0.3 to about 1:6.
15. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said salicylic acid is added in an amount from 1% to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% w/w of said slurry.
16. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein
said salicylic acid is added in an amount of about 5% or of about 3% w/w of said slurry.
17. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said alkaline extraction is carried out using an alkaline agent selected from the group comprising potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide or a mixture thereof.
18. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said alkaline extraction is carried out by adding an alkaline agent to the slurry in a % from 3 to 7% w/w of said slurry.
19. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said nutraceutical composition is in liquid form and said method comprises, after said step c) , filtering the resulting slurry at 100-120 mesh.
20. A method according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein said nutraceutical composition is in solid form and said method also comprises, after said step c) , drying the resulting slurry.
21. A method according to claim 20, wherein said nutraceutical composition is in granular or microgranular form and said drying is obtained in at least two steps: a first step with a rotary dryer which leaves a residual humidity of 13%-16% in the slurry, preferably of 15% and a second step on fluid bed, wherein said second step is carried out after the microgranulation or granulation of the product obtained in said first step.
22. A method according to claim 21, wherein said granulation or microgranulation is obtained with a disc granulator.
23. A method according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the final nutraceutical composition has a pH from 5.5 to 6.
2 . A method according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the final nutraceutical composition has a pH from 9.5 to 12.
25. A method according to one of the preceding claims, which
further comprises the addition of one or more substances able to release macroelements, microelements and/or meso-elements .
26. A method according to one of the preceding claims, which further comprises the addition of animal and plant protein hydrolysates .
27. A method according to one of the preceding claims, which further comprises the addition of insect repellents, fungicides, fungistatic agents, bactericidal agents, bacteriostatic agents, nematode repellents, plant growth regulators, complex fertilizers, adsorbents, seaweed extracts, plant extracts.
28. A method according to plant 27, wherein said plant growth regulators are selected from cytokines, auxins, gibberellins .
29. A method according to one of the preceding claims, which further comprises the addition of residues from oil extraction processes.
30. A method according to claim 29, wherein said oils are selected from the group comprising neem oil (Azadirachta indiea) , karanja [Pongamia glabra) , castor oil [Ricinus communis) and Jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) .
31. A process according to claim 27, wherein said adsorbents are of natural origin and comprise starches and derivatives thereof .
32. A process according to claim 27, wherein said adsorbents are synthetic and comprise potassium polyacrylates.
33. A process according to claim 27, wherein said adsorbents are added in amounts from 5 to 20% w/w.
34. A process according to one of claims 1 to 33, wherein said method comprises a granulation or microgranulation step and a glue, preferably of natural origin, is added to said slurry .
35. A nutraceutical composition for plants obtained
according to one of claims 1 to 34.
36. A composition according to claim 35, which is in solid form, preferably granular or microgranular, or liquid.
37. A composition according to claim 35 or 36, which has a particle size from 0.4 to 1.00 mm.
38. A composition according to one of claims 34 to 36, wherein in said steps a) to c) , the following % by weight are used :
72.5% aqueous solution containing 20 ppm-300 ppm AgNPs;
5% salicylic acid;
20% finely ground leonardite or other fossil material;
2.5% potassium hydroxide in 99.8% flakes as alkaline agent.
39. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 37, wherein in said steps a) to c) , the following % by weight are used :
70.00% aqueous solution containing 20 ppm-300 ppm AgNPs
5% salicylic acid
20% finely ground leonardite or other fossil material
5% potassium hydroxide in 99.8% flakes.
40. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, wherein said composition is mixed in the ratio of 1:1 with an animal or plant protein hydrolysate containing 10% (w/w) of 50% organic nitrogen.
41. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 40, which has an alkaline pH and further comprises 14% ammonia nitrogen, 1% copper, 4% zinc, and 2% manganese w/w in the finished product.
42. A composition according to claim 41, which is in liquid form .
43. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, comprising the aqueous solution containing AgNPs in the amounts needed to form said slurry, 20% leonardite, 14% ground garlic flour, 15% lithothamnium, 27% neem cake, 3%
zinc sulfate, 13% castor cake, 3% salicylic acid, 5% potassium carbonate w/w in the finished product.
44. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, comprising 40% leonardite%, 38% monoammonium phosphate 12-54, 3% zinc sulfate, 3% boron ethanolamine , 2% manganese sulfate, 3% salicylic acid, 5% potassium hydroxide in flakes, 6% technical urea and the aqueous solution containing AgNPs, in the amounts needed to form said slurry.
45. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, comprising, in addition to said aqueous solution comprising AgNPs, 14.5% zinc sulfate, 17% manganese sulfate, 14.5% copper hydroxide, 30% glucono delta lactone, 20% oligosaccharides .
46. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, comprising, in addition to said aqueous solution comprising AgNPs, 11% leonardite, 13% magnesium sulfate, 3% zinc sulfate, 3% boron ethanolamine, 1% manganese sulfate, 3% salicylic acid, 7% potassium carbonate, 20% neem cake, 4% glucono delta lactone.
47. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, which in said steps a) to c) , comprises the use of the following components :
47.5% aqueous solution comprising 20 ppm-300 ppm AgNPs;
3% salicylic acid;
15% finely ground leonardite or other fossil material;
30% finely ground spirulina;
4.5% potassium bicarbonate.
48. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, which in said steps a) to c) , comprises the use of the following components :
28% aqueous solution comprising AgNPs (20 ppm-300 ppm);
3% glucono delta lactone
44% 46% technical urea low in biuret content
10% 10% protein hydrolysate org. no.
15% nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids, acidic pH
49. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, comprising: 60% potassium bicarbonate,
18% oligosaccharide, preferably inulin,
18% glucono delta lactone
20% nutraceutical with a high content of humic and acidic pH, wherein the dried substance present therein is found in the finished product, equal to 4% by weight of the finished product weight .
50. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, comprising (% w/w) : 15% hydrolyzed garlic extract, 30% karanja extract (Pongamia glabra) , 10% neem extract (Azadirachta indica) , 2% Sophora japonica extract^ 20% plant protein hydrolyzate, 3% oligosaccharides, preferably inulin, 20% nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids at acidic pH.
51. A composition according to one of claims 35 to 39, which in said steps a) to c) , comprises the use of the following components :
23.5% aqueous solution containing 20 ppm-300 ppm AgNPs,
5% salicylic acid
23% of 98-99% phosphorous acid
29% of 28 Be ammonium hydroxide
4.5% of 50% Cu copper hydroxide
15% nutraceutical with a high content of humic acids and acidic pH.
52. A method for preparing a nutraceutical fertilizing composition comprising the step of combining the nutraceutical composition according to one of claims 35 to 51 with one or more fertilizing, pesticide, fungicide composition or which comprises other active components used in agriculture.
53. A method for increasing crop productivity which comprises the step of using the nutraceutical compositions according to one of claims 35 to 51.
5 . A method according to claim 53, wherein said nutraceutical composition provides the combination of the following components (% w/w) :
72.5% aqueous solution containing 20 ppm-300 ppm AgNPs;
5% salicylic acid;
20% finely ground leonardite or other fossil material;
2.5% potassium hydroxide in 99.8% flakes
or
70.00% aqueous solution containing 20 ppm-300 ppm AgNPs
5% salicylic acid
20% finely ground leonardite or other fossil material
5% potassium hydroxide in 99.8% flakes.
55. A method according to one of claims 52 or 54, wherein said compositions are used for treating crops at one or more of the following steps: before transplantation, after transplantation, after thinning, before the ripening of the fruit, during the entire lifecycle of the plant.
56. A method according to one of claims 52 to 54, wherein said crops are selected from the group comprising: crops for feeding, crops for industrial production, crops for the production of biofuel, ornamental plants, fruit trees.
57. A method according to one of claims 52 to 54, wherein said crops are selected from the group comprising: salad, leaf lettuce, arugula, celery, valerian, tomato, pepper, eggplant, potato, green bean, bean, cucumber, radish, pumpkin, carrot, strawberry, watermelon, melon, wheat, barley, quinoa, corn, soy, canola, sunflower, beet leaves, rice, peanuts, tobacco, plums, kiwi, apple, pear, banana, cherry, peach, apricot, papaya, mango, pineapple, pomegranate, berries, grape vine, citrus fruits, tea, coffee, cocoa.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2017/000013 WO2017122082A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2017-01-12 | Spacer element for a disposable formwork for the construction of walls and disposable formwork incorporating the spacer element |
IBPCT/IB2017/000013 | 2017-01-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2018138642A1 true WO2018138642A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
Family
ID=61094561
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2018/050419 WO2018138642A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2018-01-24 | Nutraceutical compositions for plants and method for their preparation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2018138642A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113693088A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 上海太尘新型材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly type angstrom biological extraction composition, application and preparation method thereof |
CN115093293A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-23 | 中国农业大学 | A special package fertilizer for apple trees |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003051120A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-26 | Morse Enterprises Limited, Inc. | Stabilized concentated formulations for enhancing plant defensibe responses |
RU2255924C1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Сельскохозяйственное предприятие Озерское" (ЗАО СХП "Озерское") | Method for preparing liquid organomineral fertilizer from chitosan-containing raw |
US20080221314A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-11 | Timac Agro Espana, S.A. | Heteromolecular metal-humic (chelate) complexes |
KR20090051923A (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-25 | 박정림 | Silver Nano Composition for Plant Disease Control with Increased Antimicrobial Activity and Its Manufacturing Method |
US20140179520A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Brandt Consolidated, Inc. | Humic Acid Composition |
-
2018
- 2018-01-24 WO PCT/IB2018/050419 patent/WO2018138642A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003051120A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-26 | Morse Enterprises Limited, Inc. | Stabilized concentated formulations for enhancing plant defensibe responses |
RU2255924C1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Сельскохозяйственное предприятие Озерское" (ЗАО СХП "Озерское") | Method for preparing liquid organomineral fertilizer from chitosan-containing raw |
US20080221314A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-11 | Timac Agro Espana, S.A. | Heteromolecular metal-humic (chelate) complexes |
KR20090051923A (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-25 | 박정림 | Silver Nano Composition for Plant Disease Control with Increased Antimicrobial Activity and Its Manufacturing Method |
US20140179520A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Brandt Consolidated, Inc. | Humic Acid Composition |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 200552, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2005-510646, XP002780527 * |
DATABASE WPI Week 200971, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2009-K23178, XP002780526 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113693088A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 上海太尘新型材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly type angstrom biological extraction composition, application and preparation method thereof |
CN115093293A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-23 | 中国农业大学 | A special package fertilizer for apple trees |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10301229B2 (en) | Process for the preparation of humic extracts from fossil sources | |
KR100866587B1 (en) | Method for preparing a liquid fertilizer containing germanum and selenum, the liquid fertilizer thereof, and method for producing a farm products using the same | |
Arthur et al. | Vermicompost leachate alleviates deficiency of phosphorus and potassium in tomato seedlings | |
US20180077938A1 (en) | Process to elaborate a biostimulant based on seaweeds | |
KR20130092275A (en) | Method for manufacturing sulfer fertilizer and sulfer fertilizer thereof | |
RU2490241C1 (en) | Organomineral complex fertiliser and method of its obtaining | |
Shafique et al. | Efficiency of cow dung based vermi-compost on seed germination and plant growth parameters of Tagetes erectus (Marigold) | |
KR101225890B1 (en) | Manufacturing method of functionality-strengthened liquid fertilizer using seaweed | |
KR101117864B1 (en) | Rice having high persentage of fe, ca, and method for growing a rice plant | |
WO2018138642A1 (en) | Nutraceutical compositions for plants and method for their preparation | |
KR100524116B1 (en) | Complex fertilizer containing seaweed extract powder, humic acid, amino acid, gibberellin and cytokinin and preparation thereof | |
KR102642336B1 (en) | Formulations of complexes of metals and ascorbic acid, their acquisition and use | |
Nazir et al. | Effect of integrated organic nutrient management on fruit yield and quality of strawberry cv Senga Sengana | |
WO2018138742A1 (en) | Nutraceutical compositions for plants and method for their preparation | |
RU2109446C1 (en) | Method for producing natural plant growth regulator | |
KR20050072654A (en) | Farm produce production agricultural techniques that contain organic matter germanium | |
KR102550898B1 (en) | Organic soil conditioner comprising peat as effective component and uses thereof | |
Shankar et al. | Effect of sea weed extracts on the growth, yield attribute and nutrient uptake of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) | |
Laware et al. | Effect of organically chelated micronutrients on growth and productivity in okra | |
KR20220163167A (en) | Method of manufacturing selenium nutrition for animal and plant | |
JP6998256B2 (en) | Quercetin bulking agent in onions and how to grow onions | |
Sridhar et al. | The effects of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer of Ulva lactuca on Capsicum annum | |
Souri et al. | Benefits of organic fertilizer spray on growth quality of chili pepper seedlings under cool temperature. | |
RU2137738C1 (en) | Organic mixture for plant nutrition and method of its preparing | |
Kumar et al. | Effect of different sources of organic manure granules on the growth of hybrid maize. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 18702343 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 18702343 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |