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WO2018195619A1 - Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel faisant intervenir quatre processus isobares et quatre processus polytropiques avec régénérateur, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur thermique - Google Patents

Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel faisant intervenir quatre processus isobares et quatre processus polytropiques avec régénérateur, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018195619A1
WO2018195619A1 PCT/BR2018/050107 BR2018050107W WO2018195619A1 WO 2018195619 A1 WO2018195619 A1 WO 2018195619A1 BR 2018050107 W BR2018050107 W BR 2018050107W WO 2018195619 A1 WO2018195619 A1 WO 2018195619A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
processes
cycle
thermodynamic
temperature
polytropic
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PCT/BR2018/050107
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Marno Iockheck
Saulo Finco
LUIS Mauro MOURA
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Associação Paranaense De Cultura - Apc
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Priority claimed from BR102017008545-7A external-priority patent/BR102017008545B1/pt
Application filed by Associação Paranaense De Cultura - Apc filed Critical Associação Paranaense De Cultura - Apc
Publication of WO2018195619A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018195619A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/047—Controlling by varying the heating or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/057—Regenerators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermal motor and its eight process thermodynamic cycle, more specifically, it is a thermal machine characterized by two interconnected thermodynamic subsystems, each operating a four process but interdependent thermodynamic cycle. forming a complex cycle of eight processes, operates with gas, the circuit of this hybrid system is closed in differential configuration, based on the concept of hybrid thermodynamic system, this system performs a thermodynamic cycle composed of eight processes so that it performs At any time during the cycle, two complementary and simultaneous interdependent processes, four of which are "isobaric" and four "polytropic" processes with variable mass transfer, may be null or partial.
  • thermodynamics defines three concepts of thermodynamic systems, the open thermodynamic system, the closed thermodynamic system and the isolated thermodynamic system. These three concepts of thermodynamic systems were conceptualized in the nineteenth century in the early days of the creation of the laws of thermodynamics and underlie all motor cycles known to date.
  • thermodynamic system is defined as a system in which neither matter nor energy passes through it. Therefore, this concept of thermodynamic system does not offer properties that allow the engine development.
  • the open thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which energy and matter can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples of an open thermodynamic system are the Otto cycle, Atkinson cycle, Otto cycle, diesel cycle, Sabathe cycle, diesel cycle, internal combustion engine, Rankine cycle, internal combustion engine steam exhaust to the environment.
  • the materials that come into these systems are fuels and oxygen or working fluid or working gas.
  • the energy that enters these systems is heat.
  • the materials that come out of these systems are the combustion or working fluid exhaust, gases, waste, the energies that come out of these systems are the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated.
  • the closed thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which only energy can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples are closed thermodynamic systems, external combustion engines such as Stirling cycle, Ericsson cycle, Rankine cycle with closed circuit working fluid, Brayton heat cycle or external combustion, Camot cycle.
  • the energy that enters this system is heat.
  • the energies that come out of this system is the working mechanical energy and part of the heat dissipated, but no matter comes out of these systems, as they do in the open system.
  • thermodynamic cycles composed of a series of sequential and independent processes, and a single process occurs at a time until the cycle completes, as can be seen in the pressure / volume graph in figure 2. So are the Otto, Atkinson, Diesel, Sabathe, Rankine, Stirling, Ericsson cycle engines and Carnot's ideal theoretical cycle, and the Brayton cycle also belongs to either open or closed systems. but unlike the others, its four processes all occur simultaneously.
  • Equation (a) (U) represents the internal energy in "Joule”, (n) represents the number of mol, (R) represents the universal constant of perfect gases, (7) represents the gas temperature in "Kelvir e ( ⁇ ) represents the adiabatic expansion coefficient.
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of internal combustion and external combustion engines, most of these engines require a second auxiliary engine to get them into operation.
  • Internal combustion engines require compression, mixing fuel with oxygen, and a spark or pressure combustion, so a normally electric auxiliary starter motor is used.
  • External combustion engines such as the Stirling or Ericsson cycle in turn also require high power auxiliary engines, as they must overcome the resting state under pressure to start operating.
  • One exception is the Rankine cycle engine, which can start via the camshaft to provide the steam pressure to the motive power elements.
  • the current state of the art comprises a number of engines, most of them dependent on very specific and special conditions to operate, for example, internal combustion engines, each requiring its own specific fuel, fine fuel control, oxygen and combustion time and in some cases require specific conditions including pressure, fuel flexibility is quite limited.
  • internal combustion engines each requiring its own specific fuel, fine fuel control, oxygen and combustion time and in some cases require specific conditions including pressure, fuel flexibility is quite limited.
  • motors based on open and closed systems the most flexible motor is Rankine cycle, external combustion or Stiriing, also external combustion, these are more flexible in their source, but have other important deficiencies.
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of cycle engines, most of which require combustion, that is, the burning of some type of fuel, and therefore the need for oxygen.
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of engine cycles, most of which require high operating temperatures, especially those of internal combustion, usually operating with working gas at temperatures above 1000 ° C.
  • External combustion engines or engines operating from external heat sources such as Rankine and Stiriing cycle, are typically designed to operate at working gas temperatures between 400 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • Rankine and Stiriing cycle are typically designed to operate at working gas temperatures between 400 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • motors based on open and closed systems often requiring high temperatures to operate, they all have their efficiencies limited to Carnot's theorem, that is, their maximum efficiencies depend exclusively on temperatures as defined by equation (b).
  • the current state of the art based on open and closed systems, comprises basically six motor cycles and some versions thereof: Atkinson cycle Otto cycle, Sabathe cycle Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, similar to Brayton cycle, Rankine cycle, Stiriing cycle, Ericsson cycle and Carnot cycle diesel, the ideal theoretical reference for open and closed engine based engines.
  • the latest news of the current state of the art has been presented through innovations by joining more than one old cycle into combined cycles, ie new engine systems composed of a Brayton cycling machine running on fossil fuels, gas or oil and a heat-dependent Rankine cycle machine rejected by the Brayton cycle. Or the same philosophy, joining a Diesel cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine or even an Otto cycle engine, too, joining it with a Rankine cycle engine.
  • Carnot's ideal motor figure 3, while considered the ideal motor, most perfect to date, it is in theory and within open and closed system concepts considering all ideal parameters, for example. This is the reference to date for all existing engine concepts.
  • the Carnot engine is not found in practical use because real materials do not have the properties required to make the Carnot engine a reality, the physical dimensions for the Carnot cycle to be performed as in theory would be unfeasible in a practical case. Therefore, it is an ideal Engine in the open system and closed system concepts, but in the theoretical concept.
  • thermodynamic formed by two isothermal processes of two adiabatic processes "PCT / BR2014 / 000381" United States Patent of America defined as "Differential Thermal Machine with Eight Thermodynamic Transformation Cycle and Control Process” which consists of two subsystems and operates a thermodynamic cycle formed by four isothermal processes of four adiabatic processes.
  • PCT / BR2014 / 000381 United States Patent of America defined as "Differential Thermal Machine with Eight Thermodynamic Transformation Cycle and Control Process” which consists of two subsystems and operates a thermodynamic cycle formed by four isothermal processes of four adiabatic processes.
  • These references differ from the present invention as to the thermodynamic processes that form their cycles, each cycle gives the engine its own characteristics.
  • the concept of hybrid thermodynamic system provides the basis for the development of a new family of thermal engines, each engine will have its own characteristics according to the processes and phases that constitute their respective thermodynamic cycles, such as the Otto engine and the Diesel engine.
  • the Otto engine cycle is basically constituted by an adiabatic compression process, an isocoric combustion process, an adiabatic process.
  • diesel engine cycle consists of an adiabatic compression process, an isobaric combustion process, an adiabatic expansion process and an isocoric exhaust process, so they differ in only one of the processes that form enough cycles to give each u m, specific and different properties and uses.
  • the concept of hybrid system provides the basis for a new family of thermal motors consisting of two subsystems and these will operate with so-called differential cycles formed by processes where two simultaneous processes will always occur, each having its own particularities which will characterize each one. one of the motor cycles.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate some of the existing problems and minimize other problems, but the major objective was to develop new motor cycles based on a new thermodynamic system concept so that the efficiency of the motors would not be more dependent. temperatures only and whose energy sources could be diversified and which would allow the design of engines for environments even without air (oxygen).
  • the concept of the hybrid system the very characteristic that underlies this invention, eliminates the dependence of efficiency exclusively on temperature, the efficiency of any thermal machine depends on its potentials and its potential differentials, while open and closed systems generate potentials.
  • () is the yield
  • (T1) is the initial temperature of the isobaric process of aita temperature
  • (72) is the final temperature of the isobaric process of aita, this temperature tends to equalize with the hot source temperature (Tq)
  • (T3) is the initial temperature of the low temperature isobaric process
  • (74) is the final temperature of the low temperature isobaric process, this temperature tends to equalize with the cold source temperature (7r )
  • all temperatures in "Kelvin * , (n1) is the number of moles of subsystem 1, indicated by region (21) in Figure 4, (n2) is the number of moles of subsystem 2, indicated by region (23) of figure 4.
  • thermodynamic cycles Otto, Atkinson, Diesel, Sabathe, Stirling, Ericsson, Rankine and the Carnot cycle perform one process at a time sequentially, as shown in Figure 2, referenced to the mechanical cycle of the driving force elements.
  • its control is a direct function of the power supply power, in turn the cycles Differentials of the hybrid system, perform two processes at a time, Figure 5, enabling the control of the thermodynamic cycle separate from the mechanical cycle, the cycle can be modulated and thus the mechanical cycle becomes a consequence of the thermodynamic cycle and not the other way around.
  • Differential cycle motors are characterized by having two subsystems forming a hybrid system, represented by (21) and (23) of Figure 4, each subsystem executes a cycle referenced to the other subsystem in order to always execute two simultaneous processes. and interdependent. Otherwise, considering a hybrid system with properties of both open and closed systems simultaneously, it is said that the system performs a compound thermodynamic cycle, Figure 5, that is, always executes two simultaneous processes (26) and (27). Figure 5, interdependent, including mass transfer. Therefore they are completely different motors and cycles from motors and cycles based on open or closed systems. Figure 6 shows the relationship between the hybrid system and the differential thermodynamic cycle.
  • thermodynamic system is new, it is formed by two interdependent subsystems and between them there is exchange of matter and energy and both provide out of bounds, energy in the form of work and heat dissipated part of the energy .
  • This thermodynamic system was created in the 21st century and offers new possibilities for the development of thermal motors.
  • the present invention brings important developments for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical either for use in power generation or other use as mechanical force for movement and traction.
  • Some of the main advantages that can be seen are: the total flexibility regarding the energy source (heat), the independence of the atmosphere, does not require
  • the differential cycle motor can be designed to operate over a very wide temperature range, well above most motors based on open and closed systems, including , a differential cycle motor can be designed to operate at both temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, it is sufficient that the design conditions promote the expansion and contraction of the working gas and it is sufficient that the materials chosen for its construction have the properties to perform their operational functions at design temperatures.
  • the differential system engine based on the hybrid system concept may be constructed of materials and techniques similar to conventional engines and Stirling cycle engines, as it is a closed-loop gas engine considering the complete system, that is, the complete system is formed by two integrated thermodynamic subsystems, (31) and (37), forming a hybrid thermodynamic system, each subsystem is formed by a chamber, (33) and (35), containing working gas and each one of these are formed by three sub-chambers, one heated (33) with (317), and (35) with (42), a cold (33) with (41), and (35) with (318), and another isolated , (33) with (32) and (35) with (36), or in some cases nonexistent, connected to these two chambers is a driving force element (312), each subsystem has a regenerator, (310) and (314), which can be active or passive, between the subsystems there is a mass transfer element, (34), therefore the subsystems are open to each other, between the complete system and the external environment is considered closed, these two subsystems simultaneously execute one cycle
  • This closed-circuit concept of working gas with respect to the external environment indicates that the system must be sealed, or in some cases leaks may be permitted provided they are compensated. Suitable materials for this technology should be noted and are similar in this respect to Stirling cycle engine design technologies.
  • the working gas depends on the project, its application and the parameters used, the gas may be various, each will provide specific characteristics, as the gases may be suggested: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, dry air, neon, among others.
  • Conversion chambers items that characterize the hybrid system, may be constructed of various materials, depending on design temperatures, working gas used, pressures involved, environment and operating conditions. These chambers each have three sub-chambers and these should be designed keeping in mind the requirement of thermal insulation to minimize the flow of energy from hot to cold areas, this condition is important for the overall efficiency of the system.
  • These chambers have internal elements that move the working gas between the hot, cold, and insulated sub chambers where they exist, these elements can be of various geometric shapes, depending on the requirement and design parameters, could for example be in shape. discs in cylindrical or other form allowing the movement of work in a controlled manner between sub-chambers.
  • the mass transfer element, 34 interconnects the two chambers, 33 and 35, this element is responsible for the transfer of part of the working gas mass between the chambers that occurs at a specific time. during the polytropic processes.
  • This element may be designed in various ways depending on the requirements of the design, may operate by simple pressure difference, ie valve-shaped, or may operate in a forced manner, for example turbine, piston-shaped or in another geometric shape allowing it to perform the mass transfer of part of the working gas.
  • Active regenerators (310) and (314), operate on a specific working gas and this gas stores the energy of the engine gas during polytropic temperature lowering processes through internal expansion and regenerates, ie. returns this energy to the engine gas during polytropic processes of temperature rise through compression.
  • This regenerator is called an active regenerator because it performs its regeneration process dynamically through moving mechanical elements and its own working gas, unlike known passive regenerators, which operate by thermal exchange between the gas and a static element, operant by conducting heat between the gas your body. In the event that the use of a passive regenerator is considered in the project, it usually operates by conducting heat exchange between the working gas and the elements forming the regenerator. Passive regenerators do not use gas and moving elements.
  • the driving force element (12), is responsible for performing mechanical work and making it available for use.
  • This driving force element operates by the working gas forces of the engine, this element may be designed in various ways, depending on the design requirements, may for example be turbine shaped, cylinder piston shaped, connecting rods, crankshafts, in the form of a diaphragm or otherwise permitting work to be performed from gas forces during thermodynamic conversions.
  • Figure 1 represents the concept of open thermodynamic system and the concept of closed thermodynamic system
  • Figure 2 represents the characteristic of all thermodynamic cycles based on open and closed systems
  • Figure 3 shows the original idea of Carnot's thermal machine, conceptualized in 1824 by Nicolas Sadi Carnot;
  • Figure 4 represents the concept of hybrid thermodynamic system
  • Figure 5 represents the characteristic of differential thermodynamic cycles based on the hybrid system
  • Figure 6 shows the hybrid thermodynamic system and a differential thermodynamic cycle and the detail of the two simultaneously occurring thermodynamic processes
  • Figure 7 shows the mechanical model consisting of the two thermodynamic subsystems that form a thermal motor under the concept of hybrid system and its active regenerator;
  • Figure 8 shows the motor indicating the phase at which one of the regenerators, element 310, equalizes its temperature to the temperature of the hot source
  • Figure 9 shows the motor indicating the phase at which the second regenerator, element 314, equalizes its temperature to the temperature of the hot source
  • Figure 10 shows one of the subsystems, group (31), performing the high temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem, group (37), performing the low temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 11 shows one of the subsystems, group (31), performing the polytropic temperature lowering process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem, group (37), performing the polytropic temperature raising process of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 12 shows in turn the first subsystem group (31) performing its low temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem group (37) performing the high temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 13 shows the first subsystem, group (31), performing the polytropic temperature raising process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem, group (37), performing the polytropic temperature lowering process of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 14 shows the ideal thermodynamic cycle of the active regenerator
  • FIG. 15 shows the detail of the thermodynamic cycle of one of the subsystems and the thermodynamic cycle in the heat transfer process for its respective active regenerator
  • Figure 16 shows the detail of the thermodynamic cycle of one of the subsystems and the thermodynamic cycle in the process of heat regeneration by part of its respective active regenerator
  • Figure 17 shows the ideal differential thermodynamic cycle composed of two high-temperature isobaric processes, two low-temperature isobaric processes, two temperature-lowering, heat transfer, two-temperature increasing, heat-regenerating polytropic processes, and thermodynamic processes of the active regenerator;
  • Figure 18 shows an example of motor application for an electricity generating plant using geothermal energy as its primary source
  • Figure 19 shows an example of motor application for an electricity generating plant having thermosolar energy as its primary source
  • Figure 20 shows an example of differential cycle engine application for a combined system design, forming a combined cycle with an open system internal combustion engine.
  • the differential cycle motor consisting of two high temperature isobaric processes, two low temperature isobaric processes, two polytropic heat transfer processes, two polytropic heat regeneration processes with active or passive regenerator is based on a thermodynamic system. hybrid because it has two interdependent thermodynamic subsystems which each perform a thermodynamic cycle that interact with each other and can exchange heat, work and mass as shown in figure 4. In (22), of figure 4, the hybrid system is shown. two subsystems indicated by (21) and (23).
  • FIG. 6 shows again the hybrid thermodynamic system and the differential thermodynamic cycle, detailing in this case the processes that when in one of the subsystems, at time (t1) the cycle operates with mass (m1), mo number! (n1) and temperature (Tq), at the same time, simultaneously, in the other subsystem, the cycle operates with mass (m2), mol number (n2), temperature (Tf).
  • FIG 7 shows the engine model based on the hybrid system containing two subsystems indicated by (31) and (37).
  • Each subsystem has its thermomechanical conversion chamber, (33) and (35), a driving force element, (312), an active regenerator, (310) and (314), its drive shafts, respectively, (38), (39), (311) and (313), (315), (316).
  • FIGs 10, 11, 12 and 13 show how mechanically occur the eight processes, four isobaric and four mass transfer and heat regeneration polytropic.
  • subsystem (31) exposes working gas to the hot source at the temperature (Tq) indicated in (317), this subsystem performs the high temperature isobaric process and at the same time the subsystem indicated by (37) exposes the working gas at the cold source at the temperature (Tf) indicated in (318), and at this time simultaneously this subsystem performs the low temperature isobaric process.
  • figures 11 and 13 show how the subsystems process their respective polytropic processes with or without mass transfer and with regeneration after the subsystem ( 31)
  • the gas At the end of its high temperature isobaric process, the gas is exposed to a thermally isolated region, indicated by (32), the gas, initially at the hot temperature (Tq), yields heat to the regenerator (310) which starts from the state hot, expands the internal gas until it withdraws heat from the working gas and its own, until it reaches a cold temperature (Tf) by expanding the gas, transferring the energy to its axis as mechanical kinetic energy, simultaneously part of the gas.
  • Tq hot temperature
  • Tf cold temperature
  • subsystem (31) working pressure of subsystem (31) is transferred to subsystem (37) at lower pressure via the mass transfer element indicated in (34), if so the polytropic process of subsystem temperature lowering (31) simultaneously, subsystem (37) receives part of the working gas mass of subsystem (31), and heat regeneration of regenerator (314) occurs simultaneously.
  • subsystem (37) has a larger mass than subsystem (31). But in polytropic processes, the driving force elements also perform compressions and expansions and there is a sharing in the heat and energy process between the gas as the regenerator and with the driving force elements simultaneously.
  • the polytropic process in this cycle motor has intermediate characteristics between isochoric and adiabatic processes and can be described by expression (d).
  • the parameter (k) will be greater than (y), the adiabatic coefficient of expansion, and the slope of the pressure variation curve with volume will be between the slope of the isocoric process and the inclination of the adiabatic process.
  • the graph in figure 14 clarifies how the active regenerator works, the curve indicated by (71) shows the initial process for conditioning the regenerator's operability, the curve indicated by (72) shows the regenerator process in operation with the cycle.
  • the heat transfer of the gas from the motor to the regenerator occurs alternately and sequentially, from the hot temperature (Tq) to the temperature (Tf) and regeneration when the process occurs in the opposite direction, from the temperature (Tf) to the regenerator. the temperature (Tq).
  • Curve 71 of Figure 14 is an adiabatic process and its unit energy (Joule) is represented by the following expression:
  • This energy (W71) is the internal energy of the regenerator's own gas. which stays internally for as long as the engine will be running.
  • Curve 72 of Figure 14 is also an adiabatic process and its unit energy (Joule) is represented by the following expression:
  • the first energy term (W72) is the internal gas energy itself shown by (W71) and remains indefinitely in the regenerator
  • the second term is the motor cycle adiabatic energy in the polytropic processes, corresponds to the sum of the energies of the regenerator gas expansion and the motor gas expansion itself
  • the parameters (Tq) and (77) are replaced by the parameters of the respective range in which heat transfer to the regenerator and regeneration occur, both are equal.
  • Figure 15 shows in (73) the processes that form the cycle of one of the subsystems.
  • Process (bc) of the cycle shown in (73) is polytropic and starts at point (b) at hot temperature (Tq) with (n1) mol of gas and proceeds to point (c), transferring part of the gas mass , equivalent to (n1 -n2) mol of gas to the other subsystem and transferring its heat (energy) to the regenerator and departs simultaneously to the engine motive power element, reaching point (c) at a cooler start temperature. isobaric process (Tc) and with (n2) mol of gas.
  • Graph (75) shows the process in which the regenerator removes heat from the subsystem gas by expanding the internal gas from the active regenerator.
  • Figure 16 shows in (77), simultaneously with the cycle shown in figure 15, the processes that form the cycle of the other subsystem comprising the engine concept formed by two interdependent subsystems.
  • the polytropic process (bc) shown in figure 15 in the first subsystem is of lowering the gas temperature, its energy is transferred to the active regenerator and the driving force element, while simultaneously occurs in the second subsystem a polytropic process (4-1) of temperature growth, shown in figure 16, the gas mass equivalent to (n1 - n2) mol of gas of the first subsystem is transferred from point (b) shown in (73) to the second subsystem, indicated in detail (78), Figure 16, which initiates this polytropic process with (n2) mol of gas at (4) and arrives at (1) with (n1) mol of gas at a warmer temperature (T1) received from the stored energy of the active regenerator and the motive power element of the motor whose curve of the regenerator portion of its process is indicated in (76).
  • T1 warmer temperature
  • Figure 17 shows the complete eight-process ideal engine differential cycle based on the concept of hybrid thermodynamic system, where two simultaneous engine processes always occur, exemplified by indications (86) and (88), until the full eight process cycle and two process cycles on each of the two active regenerators.
  • the sequence (1 -2-3-4-1) shows the processes of one of the subsystems that form the engine cycle
  • the sequence (abcda) shows the processes of the other subsystem, in (81) are shown.
  • the processes of one of the active regenerators in (83) show the processes of the other active regenerator, all interdependent.
  • the (da) process is polytropic with temperature increase (regeneration), with mass increment and occurs simultaneously with the (2-3) process of temperature reduction (heat transfer to the regenerator), with mass reduction, thus finalizing the process.
  • thermodynamic cycle with eight motor processes, always two simultaneous and the cycles of the two active regenerators, each with two adiabatic processes.
  • the sum of the working gas mass of the two subsystems that make up the engine is always constant.
  • isobaric engine cycle processes (1-2), (ab), (3-4) and (cd) are performed with gas confined to a geometry characterized by thermal inertia. wherein the gas has a rate of change of temperature such that it tends to equalize with hot or cold elements only at the end of these processes, making the pressure relatively stable, that is, isobaric.
  • This geometry shall be characterized by a depth not too small for the penetration of heat into the gas, or a gas displacement between the hot and not too fast to produce a rate of change in temperature throughout the isobaric process causing the pressure to behave steadily.
  • the engine cycle (2-3) and (bc) polytropic processes are performed with the gas in a thermally insulated region or in the transition between the hot and cold areas of the engine, and in this process the engine driving force element and the regenerator in thermal contact with the working gas will perform rapid adiabatic expansion by transferring the energy from the gas to the mechanical elements of the regenerator and the engine, storing the energy in the form of kinetic energy and in the engine cycle polytropic processes (4- 1) and (da) are also performed with gas in a thermally insulated region or in the transition between hot and cold engine areas, and in this process the regenerator in thermal contact with the working gas will perform a rapid compression together with the element. engine power, adiabatic, transferring the kinetic energy of its elements back to the engine gas, raising its temperature, completing regeneration.
  • Table 1 shows process by process forming the differential cycle of eight heat engine processes shown step by step, with four isobaric processes, four polytropic processes, and the thermodynamic cycle with two active regenerator adiabatic processes and transfer steps. pasta.
  • This differential cycle of an engine consisting of two subsystems based on the hybrid system concept, whose pressure and volume curve is shown in Figure 17, has eight processes, two high temperature isobaric processes of energy input into the system, curves (1-2) and (ab) are represented by expressions (g) and (h), two low temperature isobaric processes of discarding unused energy, curves (3-4) and (cd) represented by expressions (i ) and (j), two polytropic heat transfer processes (2-3) and (bc) by means of an active regenerator, represented by the expressions (k) and (I), two polytropic heat regeneration processes (4- 1) and (da), represented by the expressions (m) and (n). Expressions consider the direction signal of the flow of energies.
  • Hybrid based differential cycle motors operate on heat, do not require combustion, although they can be used, do not require fuel burning, although they can be used, so they can operate in environments with or without atmosphere.
  • the thermodynamic cycle does not require changing the physical state of the working gas. Due to their properties set forth in this description, differential cycle motors can be designed to operate over a wide temperature range, superior to most existing motor cycles based on open or closed systems. Differential cycle motors are fully flexible in terms of their energy source (heat).
  • Figure 18 shows an application for the use of differential cycle motors for power generation from geothermal sources.
  • FIG 18 shows a ground heat transfer system 96 for a manifold (94), formed basically by a pump (97) that injects a fluid, usually water, through the duct (93).
  • the heat in the collector (94) is transferred to the differential cycle motor (91), which discards part of the energy to the external medium through the heat exchanger (95) and converts another part of the energy to work by operating a generator ( 92) which produces electricity.
  • FIG 19 shows another useful application for the differential cycle motor for producing heat from the sun's heat.
  • the sun's rays are collected through the concentrator (103), the energy (heat) is transferred to the element (104) which dries heat to the differential cycle motor (101), which converts part of the energy into useful work to operate.
  • an electricity generator, (102) part of the energy is discharged to the outside through the exchanger (105).
  • Figure 20 shows another useful application for the differential cycle engine to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines by forming combined cycles with them.
  • the heat rejected by the exhausts 116 of the internal combustion engines indicated by 112 fueled engines 117 of Brayton cycle Diesel cycle Sabathe cycle Otto cycle Atkinson cycle are channeled to energy (heat) input from the differential cycle engine (111) via a heat exchanger (113) providing a heat flow (1111) from the internal combustion engine (112) towards the cycle motor differential (111) and this converts part of this energy into useful mechanical force, (1113) which can be integrated with the mechanical force of the internal combustion engine, (1112) generating a single mechanical force, (118), or directed to produce electrical energy.
  • Discharge of energy not converted by the differential cycle motor proceeds to the external medium indicated by (1110). This application allows you to recover some of the energy that internal combustion engine cycles cannot use to perform useful work and thus improve overall system efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur thermique et son cycle thermodynamique à huit processus, et plus particulièrement une machine thermique caractérisée par deux sous-systèmes thermodynamiques interconnectés, qui mettent chacun en oeuvre un cycle thermodynamique à quatre processus, mais qui sont interdépendants, formant un cycle complexe à huit processus, avec fonctionnement par gaz, le circuit de ce système binaire étant fermé en configuration différentielle, sur la base du concept de système thermodynamique hybride, ledit système réalisant un cycle thermodynamique comprenant huit processus de manière à exécuter, à tout moment du cycle, deux processus simultanés et interdépendants, complémentaires, quatre processus étant "isobares" et quatre "polytropiques" avec transfert de masse variable, cette dernière pouvant être nulle ou partielle.
PCT/BR2018/050107 2017-04-25 2018-04-17 Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel faisant intervenir quatre processus isobares et quatre processus polytropiques avec régénérateur, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur thermique WO2018195619A1 (fr)

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BR102017008545-7A BR102017008545B1 (pt) 2017-04-25 Motor térmico de ciclo diferencial composto por quatro processo isobáricos, quatro processos politrópicos com regenerador e processo de controle para o ciclo termodinâmico do motor térmico
BRBR102017008545-7 2017-04-25

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020026215A1 (fr) * 2018-08-03 2020-02-06 Saulo Finco Moteur à combustion interne intégré formé par une unité principale à cycle otto et une unité secondaire à pistons, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur
US12128869B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2024-10-29 Quantum Industrial Development Corporation External combustion engine series hybrid electric drivetrain

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DE2342103A1 (de) * 1973-08-21 1975-03-20 Hans Alexander Frhr Von Seld Regenerative waermekraftmaschine
JPS5732038A (en) * 1980-08-04 1982-02-20 Mitsuo Okamoto Gas system external combustion engine
DE3304729A1 (de) * 1983-02-11 1984-08-16 Jürgen 2804 Lilienthal Henkel Verfahren zum betreiben einer waermekraftmaschine mit einem gasfoermigen medium
RU2189481C2 (ru) * 2000-04-28 2002-09-20 Андреев Виктор Иванович Устройство и способ работы двигателя андреева
JP2004084564A (ja) * 2002-08-27 2004-03-18 Toyota Motor Corp 排気熱回収装置
WO2006062425A1 (fr) * 2004-12-10 2006-06-15 Piotr Hardt Moteur thermique a piston multisoupape et procede de commande de son fonctionnement
RU2284420C1 (ru) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "МЭТР" Способ работы тепловой машины и поршневой двигатель для его осуществления
WO2014109667A1 (fr) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-17 Pospelov Sergey Vyacheslavovich Machine thermique qui met en oeuvre le cycle de reylis
WO2016114683A1 (fr) * 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 Борис Львович ЕГОРОВ Moteur à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2342103A1 (de) * 1973-08-21 1975-03-20 Hans Alexander Frhr Von Seld Regenerative waermekraftmaschine
JPS5732038A (en) * 1980-08-04 1982-02-20 Mitsuo Okamoto Gas system external combustion engine
DE3304729A1 (de) * 1983-02-11 1984-08-16 Jürgen 2804 Lilienthal Henkel Verfahren zum betreiben einer waermekraftmaschine mit einem gasfoermigen medium
RU2189481C2 (ru) * 2000-04-28 2002-09-20 Андреев Виктор Иванович Устройство и способ работы двигателя андреева
JP2004084564A (ja) * 2002-08-27 2004-03-18 Toyota Motor Corp 排気熱回収装置
WO2006062425A1 (fr) * 2004-12-10 2006-06-15 Piotr Hardt Moteur thermique a piston multisoupape et procede de commande de son fonctionnement
RU2284420C1 (ru) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "МЭТР" Способ работы тепловой машины и поршневой двигатель для его осуществления
WO2014109667A1 (fr) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-17 Pospelov Sergey Vyacheslavovich Machine thermique qui met en oeuvre le cycle de reylis
WO2016114683A1 (fr) * 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 Борис Львович ЕГОРОВ Moteur à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12128869B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2024-10-29 Quantum Industrial Development Corporation External combustion engine series hybrid electric drivetrain
WO2020026215A1 (fr) * 2018-08-03 2020-02-06 Saulo Finco Moteur à combustion interne intégré formé par une unité principale à cycle otto et une unité secondaire à pistons, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur

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BR102017008545A2 (pt) 2018-11-21

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