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WO2013165268A1 - Élément galvanique et batterie comprenant un matériau générateur d'électricité - Google Patents

Élément galvanique et batterie comprenant un matériau générateur d'électricité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013165268A1
WO2013165268A1 PCT/RU2012/000350 RU2012000350W WO2013165268A1 WO 2013165268 A1 WO2013165268 A1 WO 2013165268A1 RU 2012000350 W RU2012000350 W RU 2012000350W WO 2013165268 A1 WO2013165268 A1 WO 2013165268A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nickel
generating material
battery
electrical energy
emf
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2012/000350
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Владимир Николаевич ПЛАТОНОВ
Александр Иванович ДРАЧЁВ
Original Assignee
Platonov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Drachev Alexander Ivanovich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Platonov Vladimir Nikolaevich, Drachev Alexander Ivanovich filed Critical Platonov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Priority to PCT/RU2012/000350 priority Critical patent/WO2013165268A1/fr
Priority to RU2014137656/07A priority patent/RU2596214C2/ru
Publication of WO2013165268A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013165268A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/02—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof using combined reduction-oxidation reactions, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/46—Metal oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of energy and the production of non-traditional sources of electricity production and can be used to autonomously provide electricity to individual devices, mechanisms and machines, as well as large residential and industrial facilities.
  • Devices are known - solar cells and batteries based on them, which convert the energy of light quanta (photons) into electrical energy.
  • the action of solar cells is based on the use of the phenomenon of the internal photoelectric effect.
  • the first solar cells with a conversion factor of about 6% were developed by G. Pearson, C. Fuller and D. Chapin (USA) in 1953. based on inorganic semiconductors (e.g. Si, AsGa, CdS, etc.).
  • solar cells with conversion coefficients up to 20% are widely used in practice. They are made of single-crystal silicon of both the “p” and “p” type (p-Si and n-Si, respectively). Such elements are made of crystalline and / or amorphous silicon, consisting of three or more heterostructures.
  • the open circuit voltage generated by one element is about 0.6 V at 25 ° C and does not depend on the size of the element.
  • the current generated by the element depends on the intensity of the incident light and the area of the working surface of the element exposed to solar radiation.
  • T N negative temperature coefficient
  • the elements heat up to 60-70 ° C, losing up to 0.1 V.
  • nip or n + -n ⁇ p +
  • the separation of opposite charges occurs at the pi (or p + -p) interfaces and opposite in (or p-p ' ) boundaries, as a result of which , under the influence of sunlight in the photovoltaic cell an emf (voltage) is generated.
  • the main drawback of the listed photovoltaic cells and solar panels based on them is the complete dependence on the intensity solar radiation and the inability to accumulate electricity in low light or complete absence thereof (for example, on cloudy days and at night).
  • these elements and panels require the use of additional optically transparent moisture-proof protective layers of inorganic glass and / or polymers, which eliminate the destructive effect of water.
  • An important point in the operation of solar cells is their temperature regime. When an element is heated by one degree above 25 ° C, it loses 0.002 V in the generated voltage, i.e. 0.4% per hail. On a bright sunny day, the elements are heated to 60-70 ° C, losing up to 0.1V in the emf. This is the reason for the decrease in the efficiency of solar cells, leading to a drop in the EMF and the power generated by the cell.
  • a device is known - an electrochemical cell and a battery operating on the basis of the conversion of chemical energy released in an electrolyte during the oxidation of an aluminum or lithium anode when interacting with hydrogen peroxide or oxygen and OH ions into electrical energy (US Pat. No. 6,573,008 In 1 dated 03.01.2003 and Germany DE 698 30 917 T2 dated 05.24.2006).
  • the cathode has a cylindrical shape and consists of radially oriented carbon fibers fixed to a metal frame. The cathodes and anodes are immersed in a flowing electrolyte of a KOH or NaOH solution with a concentration of from 0.003M to 15M.
  • the electrolyte is changed in the cell, which is provided by a circulation pump.
  • the device uses a series and parallel connection of cathodes and anodes, depending on its required electrical parameters. Taking into account the consumption of reagents, the device is characterized by a specific energy output of 150Wh / kg at a certain load at the rate of 3, ZW / kg. An additional increase in energy density can be achieved. W
  • an increase in the concentration of KOH to 12 M gives an increase in the energy density to about 250 Wh / kg in a balanced system.
  • An electric cell is able to constantly work with a nominal load, provided that the electrolyte is replaced periodically every 1, 5 days and the aluminum anode after 100 hours.
  • the main disadvantage of the battery based on aluminum oxidation is that the formed particles A1 (OH) 3 are deposited on the cathode and reduce the electrical parameters of the device. To reduce the concentration of A1 (OH) 3 in the electrolyte and to maintain stable device parameters, a constant change of electrolyte in the battery is necessary.
  • the closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention is a solar panel presented in EP 2 061 089 dated 05/20/2009, having a transparent glass substrate 1.4x 1 .1m and 4mm thick and many photos galvanic cells located on it.
  • Each of the photovoltaic cells includes an optically transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a reverse electrode layer, which are formed on the substrate in this order.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer has a flat structure either in the form of a thin silicon film consisting of p-, i-, and ⁇ -type layers, or it enters a more complex tandem system of a solar cell (cell) consisting of many layers of different flat structures.
  • the conversion layer consists of pin heterostructures made on the basis of amorphous silicon.
  • the p-type layer deposited on an optically transparent conductive layer is boron-doped amorphous silicon carbide (SiC) 10–30 nm thick.
  • the i-type layer contains amorphous silicon with a thickness of 250 - 350 nm.
  • the ⁇ -type layer consists of phosphorus-doped microcrystalline silicon with a thickness of 30 - 50 nm.
  • a buffer layer is formed.
  • a metal film consisting of Ag (200–500 nm thick) and anticorrosive Ti (10–20 nm thick) layers deposited in such a way that the silver layer is internal is used as the reverse electrode layer.
  • An intermediate ZnO layer doped with Ga with a thickness of 50-100 nm is used to reduce the contact resistance between the ⁇ layer and the return electrode layer and to improve light reflection.
  • the device described in the patent EP 2 061 089 has all the disadvantages listed above for solar cells and panels, and the method of its manufacture is multi-stage and has separate stages, which are complex CVD and / or laser deposition technologies for each layer individually in sequence defined by the design of the solar panel.
  • the objective of the invention is the creation of a galvanic cell and battery that produce electrical energy for a long time and capable of self-healing of electrical parameters (EMF, short circuit current) without using known charging methods, such as, for example, oxidation of an electrode in an electrolyte - those (for example, an aluminum anode in an alkaline medium in the presence of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide), heating, charging from the electric network, exposure to light (for example, solar energy), e electromagnetic fields, exposure to radioactive radiation ( ⁇ -rays, high-energy particles).
  • EMF electrical parameters
  • the problem is solved by synthesizing an electro-generating material containing carbon structures obtained by thermocatalytic decomposition of volatile hydrocarbons in the temperature range of 600 - 800 ° C on a catalyst based on nickel or nickel-aluminum alloy nanoparticles, or mechanical GMPRI u unuow ..! aluminum.
  • the synthesized electro-generating material is capable of producing electricity when it is doped with molecules of deionized water, and placed between two dissimilar electrodes. When the electrodes are closed, an electric current arises in the circuit, the parameters of which gradually decrease over a long time (more than 2 days). However, the subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the restoration of the electrical parameters of the galvanic cells and the battery within a few minutes.
  • the process of generating current into the external circuit proceeds without using known charging methods.
  • X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy, and X-ray microanalysis showed that the electric-generating material consists mainly of carbon nanoparticles with a size of 50 - 200 nm, having a graphite structure, containing less than 1 at.% Nanoparticles of nickel or nickel and aluminum in their volume .
  • the claimed devices differ from the above devices in that the current generation process proceeds: 1) without using known charging methods, for example, such as: irradiation with light, as in the case of tea solar panels; 2) without the use of alkaline electrolytes in which the oxidation of aluminum proceeds.
  • a sample of the galvanic cell is prepared in the form of a tablet with a diameter of 10 mm, consisting of three layers: the first is an electrode of conductive zinc oxide ZnO (positive electrode), the second (interelectrode) is 20 ml of carbon material doped with 0.03 ml of deionized water, 3rd - aluminum electrode (negative electrode). Sample preparation was carried out by pressing a powder of carbon material between the electrodes.
  • the prepared galvanic cell was stored in a desiccator at a humidity of 100% and was constantly in short circuit mode.
  • the EMF of the element was measured immediately after its manufacture, after storage for a certain time in the short circuit mode and subsequent opening of the circuit and 10 minutes after the circuit was opened. After taking the EMF measurements, the element again shorted out.
  • the operation of the element is presented in the table. During 6 hours of operation of the element in the short circuit mode, the short circuit current gradually decreased from 1 mA to 0.23 mA, and the EMF from 0.25 V to 0.09 V. The subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the generation and restoration of the EMF to 0.27V and the short-circuit current to 0.96mA during Yumin.
  • the carbon material and the sample of the power generating element were prepared according to Example 1, but a nickel electrode was used instead of the ZnO electrode.
  • the operation of the element is presented in the table. During the 6 hours of operation of the element in the short circuit mode, the short circuit current gradually decreased from 3.05 mA to 1.24 mA, and the EMF from 0.19 V to 0.07 V. The subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the generation and restoration of the EMF to 0.20 V and the short circuit current to ZmA during Yumin.
  • the carbon material and the sample of the power generating element were prepared according to Example 1, and in addition to this, 50 wt.% Titanium oxide powder was added to the carbon material.
  • the carbon material and the sample of the power generating element were prepared according to example 1, but the temperature of the synthesis of the carbon material was 620 ° C.
  • the operation of the element is presented in the table. During 6 hours of operation of the element in the short circuit mode, the short circuit current gradually decreased from 1.4 mA to 0.23 mA, and the EMF from 0.02 V to 0.01 V. The subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the generation and restoration of the EMF to 0, 02V and short circuit current - up to 1, 42mA during Yumin.
  • the carbon material was synthesized according to Example 4, and a sample of the power generating element was prepared according to Example 1, and in addition to this, 50 wt.% Titanium oxide powder was added to the carbon material.
  • the operation of the element is presented in the table. During 6 hours of operation of the element in the short circuit mode, the short circuit current gradually decreased from 3.55mA to 2.22mA, and the EMF from 0.35V to 0.16V. Subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the generation and restoration of EMF up to 0.37V and short circuit current - up to 3.5mA during Yumin.
  • a sample of the cell is prepared in the form of a tablet according to Example 1.
  • the operation of the cell is presented in the table. Over the course of 6 hours of operation of the cell in the short circuit mode, the short circuit current gradually decreased from 2.98 mA to 1, 73 mA. and ESN - Fri O? 3 R up to 0.1 IB. Subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the generation and restoration of the EMF to 0.23 V and the short circuit current to 2.96 mA for 10 minutes.
  • the carbon material was synthesized according to Example 6, a sample of the power generating element was prepared according to Example 1. And in addition to this, 50 wt.% Of titanium oxide powder was added to the carbon material.
  • the operation of the element is presented in the table.
  • the short circuit current gradually decreased from 1, 96mA to 1, 23mA, and the EMF from 0.25V to 0. 15V.
  • Subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the generation and restoration of the EMF to 0.23 V and the short circuit current to 1, 96 mA for 10 minutes.
  • the carbon material was synthesized according to example 6, a sample of the power generating element was prepared according to example 2.
  • the operation of the element is presented in the table. During 6 hours of operation of the cell in the short circuit mode, the short circuit current gradually decreased from 4.76mA to 2.25mA, and the EMF from 0.46V to 0.23V. Subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the generation and restoration of the EMF to 0.51 V and the short circuit current to 4.69 mA for 10 minutes.
  • a sample of the cell is prepared in the form of a tablet according to Example 2. The operation of the cell is presented in the table. Within 6 hours of operation of the element in the short circuit mode, the short-circuit current gradually decreased from 5.6 mA to 1, 77 mA, and the EMF from 0.21 V to 0.1 V. Subsequent opening of the circuit leads to the generation and restoration of the EMF to 0, 21V and short circuit current - up to 5.6mA for 10 minutes.
  • argon inert atmosphere
  • acetylene hydrocarbon gas

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de la production d'électricité et de la création de nouvelles sources d'énergie électrique, et peut être utilisée pour l'alimentation électrique autonome d'instruments, de mécanismes et de machines ainsi que dans des locaux d'habitation et industriels de grande taille. L'élément galvanique comprend deux électrodes et une couche inter-électrodes, l'électrode positive se compose d'oxyde de zinc ou de nickel, et l'électrode négative d'aluminium. La couche inter-électrodes est faite d'un matériau générateur d'électricité comprenant des structures en carbone et est obtenue par un procédé thermo-catalytique de décomposition d'hydrocarbures dans une plage de température de 600-800°C sur un catalyseur à base de nanoparticules de nickel ou d'alliages de nickel-aluminium, ou d'un mélange mécanique de nanoparticules de nickel et d'aluminium. Le matériau générateur d'électricité est capable de l'énergie électrique lorsqu'il est dopé par des molécules d'eau désionisée et que le circuit est fermé. La batterie comprend deux éléments galvaniques ou plus tels que décrits ci-dessus. Le résultat technique consiste en la création d'un élément galvanique et d'une batterie fournissant de l'énergie électrique pendant une longue durée et permettant de restaurer automatiquement les paramètres électriques (force électromotrice, courant de court-circuitage) sans utiliser les procédés connus de charge comme l'oxydation de l'électrode dans l'électrolyte, la chauffe, la charge par rapport au réseau électrique, l'exposition à la lumière, l'action de champs électromagnétiques, et l'action d'un rayonnement radioélectrique.
PCT/RU2012/000350 2012-05-03 2012-05-03 Élément galvanique et batterie comprenant un matériau générateur d'électricité WO2013165268A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2012/000350 WO2013165268A1 (fr) 2012-05-03 2012-05-03 Élément galvanique et batterie comprenant un matériau générateur d'électricité
RU2014137656/07A RU2596214C2 (ru) 2012-05-03 2012-05-03 Гальванический элемент и батарея на основе электрогенерирующего материала

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2012/000350 WO2013165268A1 (fr) 2012-05-03 2012-05-03 Élément galvanique et batterie comprenant un matériau générateur d'électricité

Publications (1)

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WO2013165268A1 true WO2013165268A1 (fr) 2013-11-07

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RU (1) RU2596214C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013165268A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023027664A1 (fr) * 2021-08-23 2023-03-02 Erciyes Universitesi Électrode à base de carbone de nouvelle génération

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090078315A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2009-03-26 Sony Corporation Electrode, method of making same, photoelectric transfer element, method of manufacturing same, electronic device and method of manufacturing same
WO2010091352A2 (fr) * 2009-02-09 2010-08-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Matériau à base de carbone à mésopores pour stockage d'énergie
RU2419907C1 (ru) * 2010-04-23 2011-05-27 ЮГ Инвестмент Лтд. Многоэлементный электрохимический конденсатор и способ его изготовления

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101840792B (zh) * 2009-03-16 2011-11-09 清华大学 一种混合型超级电容器及其制备方法
KR101069480B1 (ko) * 2010-01-04 2011-09-30 인하대학교 산학협력단 슈퍼 커패시터용 금속 옥살레이트 나노구조 제조방법

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090078315A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2009-03-26 Sony Corporation Electrode, method of making same, photoelectric transfer element, method of manufacturing same, electronic device and method of manufacturing same
WO2010091352A2 (fr) * 2009-02-09 2010-08-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Matériau à base de carbone à mésopores pour stockage d'énergie
RU2419907C1 (ru) * 2010-04-23 2011-05-27 ЮГ Инвестмент Лтд. Многоэлементный электрохимический конденсатор и способ его изготовления

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023027664A1 (fr) * 2021-08-23 2023-03-02 Erciyes Universitesi Électrode à base de carbone de nouvelle génération

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Publication number Publication date
RU2596214C2 (ru) 2016-09-10
RU2014137656A (ru) 2016-05-20

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