WO2009039864A1 - Methods for the production of alkaline earth phosphates and alkaline earth oxides - Google Patents
Methods for the production of alkaline earth phosphates and alkaline earth oxides Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009039864A1 WO2009039864A1 PCT/EP2007/008133 EP2007008133W WO2009039864A1 WO 2009039864 A1 WO2009039864 A1 WO 2009039864A1 EP 2007008133 W EP2007008133 W EP 2007008133W WO 2009039864 A1 WO2009039864 A1 WO 2009039864A1
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- alkaline earth
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/06—Alkali and alkaline earth meta- or polyphosphate fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the invention relates to processes for producing alkaline earth phosphates and oxides from bones and bones according to the preamble of claim 1.
- DE 101 40 312 A1 shows the production of a depot fertilizer using animal bones and bone ash derived therefrom. These entleimte and degreased animal bones are crushed with a fat content of ⁇ 6% to particle sizes of 10 to 30 mm and converted to so-called calcined at 1200 0 C in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
- EP 0 807 474 B1 discloses a method for disposing of animal bones or bones.
- a mixture of water and methylene chloride is heated. This produces methylene chloride vapor, with which the bones and bones are treated.
- the container can optionally be evacuated.
- WO2006 / 006276 Al a method for treating meat and bone meal for the production of fertilizer is known.
- the procedure consists of burning the meat and bone meal, which originates especially from BSE cows, in the temperature range between 1000 and 1200 ° C.
- the bone ash thus produced is to be used as a fertilizer in agriculture.
- Korean patent application 20030092799 discloses a phosphate-containing fertilizer consisting of mixed organic materials, including meat protein, bone powder and fish powder, and sugar and starch. In addition, significant amounts of phosphate and potassium compounds are added. This mixture is fermented at 50 to 70 0 C for 20 to 30 hours.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9314118 filed on May 24, 1996, discloses a method for reducing the content of human bones in the soil. For this, human bones, urea, plant fibers, mineral powder, mushrooms and water are mixed and fermented to an organic fertilizer. This fertilizer should be particularly suitable for flowerbeds and lawns.
- bones and in particular bones consist of organic bone matrix and inorganic bone mineral.
- the organic content is about 30% of the bone substance and is mainly composed of a proteoglycan matrix and a fiber network of collagen type I.
- the bone mineral is about 70% of the bone substance and consists mainly of calcium and phosphate.
- Fresh bones contain 50 to 60% mineral substance, about 25% bone cartilage with about 4% nitrogen, 13 to 16% fat and 10% water. When the bones burn, gray-white, porous bone ash remains; it is about 80% calcium phosphate, 6.6% calcium carbonate and about 1.4% magnesium phosphate. Added to this are about 0.5% calcium fluoride.
- the skieroprotein of the extracellular matrix of the bones hydrolyzes to glutin glue and gelatin. These are used in the industry or food industry. This basically also applies to the fat contained in the fresh bone.
- the bones freed of protein and fat are ground as mentioned above and processed into fertilizer.
- the present invention has for its object to improve the generic method such that hygienic and easily further processed end products arise.
- the present invention addresses the bones and fish bones, at temperatures above 1000 0 C, preferably above 1100 0 C. This means that all organic substances and in particular all organic germs including hazardous prions are first of all destroyed with certainty. Furthermore, at these high temperatures, the organic molecular chains are broken up and essentially energy-rich gas molecules such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane are formed. Since the process according to the invention is carried out with exclusion of air, the starting materials contained in the bones and bones are not burned or oxidized. Furthermore, the calcium and magnesium carbonate contained in the bone is reduced to calcium or magnesium oxide.
- the mineral substance remaining after the withdrawal of the gases produced from the organic bone substance is outstandingly suitable as a fertilizer, among other things, since the calcium and magnesium oxides contained therein when quenched with water showed an alkaline reaction, comparable to Thomas flour obtained from blast-furnace slag.
- sulfur compounds can also be released when carrying out the process according to the invention.
- the extracted gases and / or vapors are desulfurized, preferably with the aid of sulfur bacteria.
- bones and / or bones which are advantageously cleaned of leftover meat, fat and / or ossein are used.
- the bones and / or bones silicon compounds are added, for. B. in the form of water glass, diatomaceous earth or perlite. Diatomaceous earth as secondary raw material is available for example from breweries. These silicon compounds are decomposed at the process temperatures, so that the silicon combines with the alkaline earth metals and the phosphates to form alkaline earth silico-phosphates. These compounds are particularly suitable for improving low-mineral soils.
- magnesium compounds can be added to the bones and bones, for example in the form of magnesium carbonate.
- the magnesium content in the alkaline earth phosphates or alkaline earth silico phosphates produced according to the invention can be increased.
- the magnesium is preferably present in the form of magnesium oxide.
- alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico phosphates or alkaline earth oxides produced by the process according to the invention can be used in the chemical industry, the fertilizer industry and the detergent industry.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to methods for producing alkaline earth phosphates and alkaline earth oxides from bones and/or fish bones. The bones and/or fish bones are heated to a temperature of 1000˚C or more under the exclusion of oxygen, i.e. in a reducing atmosphere, a process during which released organic molecular chains are separated into gas molecules. The obtained gases and/or vapors are sucked off, desulfurized, and cracked.
Description
Beschreibung : Description :
Verfahren zum Herstellen von Erdalkali-Phosphaten und -OxidenProcess for preparing alkaline earth phosphates and oxides
Technisches Gebiet:Technical area:
Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zum Herstellen von Erdalkali-Phosphaten und - Oxiden aus Knochen und Gräten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to processes for producing alkaline earth phosphates and oxides from bones and bones according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der Technik:State of the art:
Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Knochen und Gräten sind zahlreich bekannt. So zeigt beispielsweise die DE 101 40 312 Al die Herstellung eines Depot- Düngers unter Einsatz von tierischen Knochen und daraus gewonnener Knochenasche. Dazu werden entleimte und entfettete tierische Knochen mit einem Fettanteil < 6 % auf Korngrößen von 10 bis 30 mm zerkleinert und bei ca. 1200 0C in Anwesenheit von Luftsauerstoff zu sogenanntem Glühphosphat umgewandelt.Methods for the thermal treatment of bones and bones are well known. For example, DE 101 40 312 A1 shows the production of a depot fertilizer using animal bones and bone ash derived therefrom. These entleimte and degreased animal bones are crushed with a fat content of <6% to particle sizes of 10 to 30 mm and converted to so-called calcined at 1200 0 C in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
Aus der EP 0 807 474 Bl ist ein Verfahren zum Entsorgen von Tierknochen oder Gräten bekannt. In einem luftdichten Behälter wird eine Mischung aus Wasser und Methylenchlorid erhitzt. Dabei entsteht Methylenchloriddampf, mit dem die Knochen und Gräten behandelt werden. Zur Absenkung des Siedepunktes kann der Behälter gegebenenfalls evakuiert werden.EP 0 807 474 B1 discloses a method for disposing of animal bones or bones. In an airtight container, a mixture of water and methylene chloride is heated. This produces methylene chloride vapor, with which the bones and bones are treated. To lower the boiling point, the container can optionally be evacuated.
Aus der WO2006/006276 Al ist ein Verfahren zum Behandeln von Fleisch- und Knochenmehl zur Herstellung von Dünger bekannt. Das Verfahren besteht darin, das Fleisch- und Knochenmehl, welches speziell von BSE-Kühen stammt, im Temperaturbereich zwischen 1000 und 1200 0C zu verbrennen. Die so hergestellte Knochenasche soll als Düngemittel in der Landwirtschaft eingesetzt werden.From WO2006 / 006276 Al a method for treating meat and bone meal for the production of fertilizer is known. The procedure consists of burning the meat and bone meal, which originates especially from BSE cows, in the temperature range between 1000 and 1200 ° C. The bone ash thus produced is to be used as a fertilizer in agriculture.
Aus der koreanischen Patentanmeldung 20030092799 ist ein phosphathaltiger Dünger bekannt, bestehend aus vermischten organischen Materialien, darunter Fleischeiweiß, Knochenpulver und Fischpulver sowie Zucker und Stärke. Außerdem werden erhebliche Mengen an Phosphat- und Kaliumverbindungen zugegeben. Diese Mischung wird bei 50 bis 70 0C über 20 bis 30 Stunden fermentiert.
Aus der japanischen Offenlegungsschrift 9314118, angemeldet am 24.05.1996, ist ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Gehalts von Menschenknochen im Boden bekannt. Hierzu werden Menschenknochen, Harnstoff, Pflanzenfasern, Mineralpulver, Pilze und Wasser gemischt und zu einem organischen Dünger fermentiert. Dieser Dünger soll besonders für Blumenbeete und Rasen geeignet sein.Korean patent application 20030092799 discloses a phosphate-containing fertilizer consisting of mixed organic materials, including meat protein, bone powder and fish powder, and sugar and starch. In addition, significant amounts of phosphate and potassium compounds are added. This mixture is fermented at 50 to 70 0 C for 20 to 30 hours. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9314118, filed on May 24, 1996, discloses a method for reducing the content of human bones in the soil. For this, human bones, urea, plant fibers, mineral powder, mushrooms and water are mixed and fermented to an organic fertilizer. This fertilizer should be particularly suitable for flowerbeds and lawns.
Es ist bekannt, dass Gräten und insbesondere Knochen aus organischer Knochenmatrix und anorganischem Knochenmineral bestehen. Der organische Anteil beträgt ca. 30 % der Knochensubstanz und setzt sich überwiegend aus einer Proteoglykan- Matrix und einem Fasernetz aus Kollagen Typ I zusammen. Das Knochenmineral beträgt ca. 70 % der Knochensubstanz und besteht überwiegend aus Calzium und Phosphat. Außerdem befinden sich in den Knochen noch Natrium, Magnesium, Kalium, Carbonat, Zitrat und Laktat. Frische Knochen enthalten 50 bis 60 % Mineralsubstanz, etwa 25 % Knochenknorpel mit etwa 4 % Stickstoff, 13 bis 16 % Fett und 10 % Wasser. Beim Verbrennen der Knochen bleibt grauweiße, porige Knochenasche zurück; sie besteht zu rund 80 % aus Calziumphosphat, zu 6,6 % aus Calziumcarbonat und zu etwa 1,4 % aus Magnesiumphosphat. Dazu kommen noch etwa 0,5 % Calziumfluorid.It is known that bones and in particular bones consist of organic bone matrix and inorganic bone mineral. The organic content is about 30% of the bone substance and is mainly composed of a proteoglycan matrix and a fiber network of collagen type I. The bone mineral is about 70% of the bone substance and consists mainly of calcium and phosphate. There are also sodium, magnesium, potassium, carbonate, citrate and lactate in the bones. Fresh bones contain 50 to 60% mineral substance, about 25% bone cartilage with about 4% nitrogen, 13 to 16% fat and 10% water. When the bones burn, gray-white, porous bone ash remains; it is about 80% calcium phosphate, 6.6% calcium carbonate and about 1.4% magnesium phosphate. Added to this are about 0.5% calcium fluoride.
Beim Kochen von Knochen hydrolysiert das zu den Kollagenen gerechnete Skieroprotein der extrazellulären Matrix der Knochen zu Glutin-Leim und Gelatine. Diese werden in der Industrie bzw. Lebensmittelindustrie verwendet. Das gilt grundsätzlich auch für das in den frischen Knochen enthaltene Fett. Die von Eiweiß und Fett befreiten Knochen werden wie oben erwähnt gemahlen und zu Dünger verarbeitet.When bones are cooked, the skieroprotein of the extracellular matrix of the bones, as calculated from the collagens, hydrolyzes to glutin glue and gelatin. These are used in the industry or food industry. This basically also applies to the fat contained in the fresh bone. The bones freed of protein and fat are ground as mentioned above and processed into fertilizer.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass die derzeit bekannten Verfahren zum Aufschließen von Knochen und Gräten verbesserungsfähig sind. Insbesondere lässt in vielen Fällen die Hygiene der Verfahrensprodukte zu wünschen übrig. Oft entstehen auch unerwünschte Fett- und Ölmischungen, beispielsweise Teeröle. Das ist unbefriedigend.
Darstellung der Erfindung:It has been found that the currently known methods for breaking up bones and bones can be improved. In particular, the hygiene of the process products leaves much to be desired in many cases. Often also arise unwanted fat and oil mixtures, such as tar oils. That is unsatisfactory. Presentation of the invention:
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das gattungsgemäße Verfahren derart zu verbessern, dass hygienische und problemlos weiter zu verarbeitende Endprodukte entstehen.The present invention has for its object to improve the generic method such that hygienic and easily further processed end products arise.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
Die vorliegende Erfindung behandelt die Knochen und Gräten bei Temperaturen oberhalb 1000 0C, vorzugsweise oberhalb 1100 0C. Dadurch werden zunächst einmal alle organischen Stoffe und insbesondere alle organischen Keime einschließlich der gefährlichen Prionen mit Sicherheit vernichtet. Des Weiteren werden bei diesen hohen Temperaturen die organischen Molekülketten aufgebrochen und es entstehen im Wesentlichen energiereiche Gasmoleküle wie Wasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid und Methan. Da das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren unter Luftabschluss durchgeführt wird, werden die in den Knochen und Gräten enthaltenen Ausgangsprodukte nicht verbrannt bzw. oxidiert. Des Weiteren wird das in den Knochen enthaltene Calzium- und Magnesiumcarbonat zu Calzium- bzw. Magnesiumoxid reduziert. Dies bedeutet, dass die nach dem Abzug der aus der organischen Knochensubstanz entstandenen Gase zurückbleibende Mineralsubstanz sich unter anderem hervorragend als Dünger eignet, da das darin enthaltene Calzium- und Magnesiumoxid beim Ablöschen mit Wasser eine alkalische Reaktion zeigten, vergleichbar dem aus Hochofenschlacke gewonnenen Thomasmehl.The present invention addresses the bones and fish bones, at temperatures above 1000 0 C, preferably above 1100 0 C. This means that all organic substances and in particular all organic germs including hazardous prions are first of all destroyed with certainty. Furthermore, at these high temperatures, the organic molecular chains are broken up and essentially energy-rich gas molecules such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane are formed. Since the process according to the invention is carried out with exclusion of air, the starting materials contained in the bones and bones are not burned or oxidized. Furthermore, the calcium and magnesium carbonate contained in the bone is reduced to calcium or magnesium oxide. This means that the mineral substance remaining after the withdrawal of the gases produced from the organic bone substance is outstandingly suitable as a fertilizer, among other things, since the calcium and magnesium oxides contained therein when quenched with water showed an alkaline reaction, comparable to Thomas flour obtained from blast-furnace slag.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird in einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre gearbeitet. Auch dies verhindert unerwünschte Oxidationen.According to one embodiment of the invention is carried out in a reducing atmosphere. This also prevents unwanted oxidation.
Da die in und an den Knochen vorhandene organische Substanz Eiweiß enthält, können bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auch Schwefelverbindungen frei werden. Um diese zu beseitigen, werden die abgesaugten Gase und/oder Dämpfe entschwefelt, vorzugsweise mit Hilfe von Schwefelbakterien.Since the organic substance present in and on the bones contains protein, sulfur compounds can also be released when carrying out the process according to the invention. To eliminate this, the extracted gases and / or vapors are desulfurized, preferably with the aid of sulfur bacteria.
Falls eine Entschwefelung nicht durchgeführt werden soll oder kann, werden vorteilhafterweise von Fleischresten, Fett und/oder Ossein gereinigte Knochen und/oder Gräten verwendet.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung werden den Knochen und/oder Gräten Siliziumverbindungen zugegeben, z. B. in Form von Wasserglas, Kieselgur bzw. Perlite. Kieselgur als Sekundärrohstoff ist beispielsweise aus Brauereien erhältlich. Diese Siliziumverbindungen werden bei den Verfahrenstemperaturen zerlegt, so dass sich das Silizium mit den Erdalkalimetallen und den Phosphaten zu Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphaten verbindet. Diese Verbindungen sind besonders geeignet zur Verbesserung von mineralstoffarmen Böden.If desulphurization is not or can not be carried out, bones and / or bones which are advantageously cleaned of leftover meat, fat and / or ossein are used. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bones and / or bones silicon compounds are added, for. B. in the form of water glass, diatomaceous earth or perlite. Diatomaceous earth as secondary raw material is available for example from breweries. These silicon compounds are decomposed at the process temperatures, so that the silicon combines with the alkaline earth metals and the phosphates to form alkaline earth silico-phosphates. These compounds are particularly suitable for improving low-mineral soils.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können den Gräten und Knochen Magnesiumverbindungen zugegeben werden, beispielsweise in Form von Magnesiumcarbonat. Auf diese Weise kann der Magnesiumgehalt in den erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Erdalkali-Phosphaten bzw. Erdalkali-Silico- Phosphaten erhöht werden. Im Endzustand liegt das Magnesium bevorzugt in Form von Magnesiumoxid vor.According to one embodiment of the invention magnesium compounds can be added to the bones and bones, for example in the form of magnesium carbonate. In this way, the magnesium content in the alkaline earth phosphates or alkaline earth silico phosphates produced according to the invention can be increased. In the final state, the magnesium is preferably present in the form of magnesium oxide.
Es versteht sich, dass die durch Erhitzen der organischen Knochenbestandteile gebildeten Gase bzw. Dämpfe vorteilhafterweise verbrannt werden.It is understood that the gases or vapors formed by heating the organic bone components are advantageously burned.
Da diese Gase und Dämpfe aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen und aufgrund des Luftabschlusses beträchtliche Mengen von Kohlenmonoxid, Wasserstoff und Methan enthalten, sind diese Gase und Dämpfe energiereich. Es bietet sich daher an, diese Gase und Dämpfe zum Erhitzen der eingesetzten Knochen, Gräten und gegebenenfalls Zuschlagstoffe zu verwenden.Since these gases and vapors contain considerable amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane due to the high temperatures and the absence of air, these gases and vapors are energetic. It is therefore appropriate to use these gases and vapors for heating the bones, bones and, where appropriate, additives used.
Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Erdalkali-Phosphate, Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphate bzw. Erdalkali-Oxide lassen sich in der chemischen Industrie, der Düngemittelindustrie und der Waschmittelindustrie verwenden.The alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico phosphates or alkaline earth oxides produced by the process according to the invention can be used in the chemical industry, the fertilizer industry and the detergent industry.
Darüber hinaus ist aber aufgrund der hohen Reinheit, des hohen Mineralisierungsgrades und der absoluten Keimfreiheit eine Verwendung auch in der Kosmetikindustrie, der Pharmazie, der Futtermittelindustrie und der Lebensmittelindustrie ohne weiteres möglich.
In addition, however, due to the high purity, the high degree of mineralization and the absolute sterility, a use in the cosmetics industry, the pharmaceutical industry, the animal feed industry and the food industry readily possible.
Claims
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Erdalkaliphosphaten und -oxiden aus Knochen und/oder Gräten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Knochen und/oder Gräten unter Sauerstoffabschluss auf eine Temperatur gleich/größer 1000 0C, vorzugsweise 1100 0C, erhitzt werden, dass dabei freigesetzte organische Molekülketten zu Gasmolekülen zerlegt und die so entstandenen Gase und/oder Dämpfe abgesaugt werden.1. A process for the preparation of alkaline earth phosphates and oxides from bones and / or bones, characterized in that bones and / or bones are heated with oxygen to a temperature equal to / greater than 1000 0 C, preferably 1100 0 C, that thereby liberetzt organic Molecular chains decomposed into gas molecules and the resulting gases and / or vapors are extracted.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre gearbeitet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one works in a reducing atmosphere.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die abgesaugten Gase und/oder Dämpfe entschwefelt werden.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the extracted gases and / or vapors are desulfurized.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gase und/oder Dämpfe mit Hilfe von Schwefelbakterien entschwefelt werden.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the gases and / or vapors are desulfurized with the aid of sulfur bacteria.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von Fleischresten, Fett und/oder Ossein gereinigte Knochen und/oder Gräten verwendet werden.5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that of meat residues, fat and / or ossein cleaned bones and / or bones are used.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die organischen Molekülketten zu CO, H2 und/oder CH4 gecrackt werden.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic molecular chains are cracked to CO, H 2 and / or CH 4 .
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den Knochen und/oder Gräten Siliziumverbindungen zugegeben werden, z. B. in Form von Wasserglas, Kieselgur und/oder Perlite.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the bones and / or bones silicon compounds are added, for. B. in the form of water glass, diatomaceous earth and / or perlite.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gase und/oder Dämpfe verbrannt werden.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gases and / or vapors are burned.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Knochen und/oder Gräten mit Hilfe der abgesaugten Gase und/oder Dämpfe erhitzt werden. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bones and / or bones are heated by means of the extracted gases and / or vapors.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den Knochen und/oder Gräten Magnesiumverbindungen zugegeben werden.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the bones and / or bones magnesium compounds are added.
11. Verwendung von Erdalkaliphosphaten, Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphaten bzw. Erdalkalioxiden, hergestellt nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, in der Kosmetikindustrie.11. Use of alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico-phosphates or alkaline earth oxides, prepared according to claims 1 to 10, in the cosmetics industry.
12. Verwendung von Erdalkaliphosphaten, Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphaten bzw. Erdalkalioxiden, hergestellt nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, in der Pharmazie.12. Use of alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico-phosphates or alkaline earth oxides, prepared according to claims 1 to 10, in pharmacy.
13. Verwendung von Erdalkaliphosphaten, Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphaten bzw. Erdalkalioxiden, hergestellt nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, in der Waschmittelindustrie.13. Use of alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico-phosphates or alkaline earth oxides, prepared according to claims 1 to 10, in the detergent industry.
14. Verwendung von Erdalkaliphosphaten, Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphaten bzw. Erdalkalioxiden, hergestellt nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, in der Lebensmittelindustrie.14. Use of alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico-phosphates or alkaline earth oxides, prepared according to claims 1 to 10, in the food industry.
15. Verwendung von Erdalkaliphosphaten, Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphaten bzw. Erdalkalioxiden, hergestellt nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, in der Futtermittelindustrie.15. Use of alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico-phosphates or alkaline earth oxides, prepared according to claims 1 to 10, in the feed industry.
16. Verwendung von Erdalkaliphosphaten, Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphaten bzw. Erdalkalioxiden, hergestellt nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, in der Düngemittelindustrie.16. Use of alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico-phosphates or alkaline earth oxides, prepared according to claims 1 to 10, in the fertilizer industry.
17. Verwendung von Erdalkaliphosphaten, Erdalkali-Silico-Phosphaten bzw. Erdalkalioxiden, hergestellt nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, in der chemischen Industrie. 17. Use of alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silico-phosphates or alkaline earth oxides, prepared according to claims 1 to 10, in the chemical industry.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011057595A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-19 | Buttchereit Klaus B | Compound fertilizer |
| WO2011069524A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Klose, Ingeborg | Method for producing phosphates and compounds containing phosphates, in particular alkaline-earth phosphates, alkaline-earth silicophosphates or alkaline-earth oxides |
Citations (7)
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| DE2601676A1 (en) * | 1976-01-17 | 1977-07-21 | Ruediger Lothar Von Reppert | Prodn. of phosphate fertilisers from waste prods - by incineration followed by calcination or fusing |
| JPH1129486A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-02-02 | Advance Co Ltd | Skim improver |
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| WO2003020830A2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-13 | J.M. Huber Corporation | Calcium phosphate colorants and method for making same |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011057595A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-19 | Buttchereit Klaus B | Compound fertilizer |
| WO2011069524A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Klose, Ingeborg | Method for producing phosphates and compounds containing phosphates, in particular alkaline-earth phosphates, alkaline-earth silicophosphates or alkaline-earth oxides |
| US20120288425A1 (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2012-11-15 | Siegfried Klose | Method for producing phosphates and phosphate-containing compounds, particularly alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silicophosphates, or alkaline earth oxides |
| US8703086B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2014-04-22 | Ingeborg Klose | Method for producing phosphates and phosphate-containing compounds, particularly alkaline earth phosphates, alkaline earth silicophosphates, or alkaline earth oxides |
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