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WO2008145113A2 - Dispositif photovoltaïque muni d'au moins un élément optique présentant une couche convertissant la lumière - Google Patents

Dispositif photovoltaïque muni d'au moins un élément optique présentant une couche convertissant la lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008145113A2
WO2008145113A2 PCT/DE2008/000900 DE2008000900W WO2008145113A2 WO 2008145113 A2 WO2008145113 A2 WO 2008145113A2 DE 2008000900 W DE2008000900 W DE 2008000900W WO 2008145113 A2 WO2008145113 A2 WO 2008145113A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar cell
optical element
radiation
solar
photovoltaic device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2008/000900
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008145113A3 (fr
Inventor
Erich W. Merkle
Original Assignee
Solartec Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solartec Ag filed Critical Solartec Ag
Publication of WO2008145113A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008145113A2/fr
Publication of WO2008145113A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008145113A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/45—Wavelength conversion means, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/484—Refractive light-concentrating means, e.g. lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic device according to the preamble of the appended claim 1, as known from the document DE 19 705 046 A1.
  • thin-film solar cells are used to convert incident solar radiation into electricity.
  • Such cells based on semiconductor material can be constructed stepwise as tandem or triple cells and thereby use a wider light frequency spectrum.
  • the convertible solar radiation has wave frequencies v whose photon energy hv exceeds the energy gap of the solar cells used
  • the part of the incident solar radiation, which is not converted by the solar cells into electricity, is rather long-wave and makes itself felt as heat.
  • an arc-shaped deflection device 10 wherein two hologram layers with diffraction holograms are arranged one behind the other on a hologram carrier.
  • the hologram layers each have the same high diffraction efficiency in a selected, relatively wide spectral range, such as between 400 and 800 nm.
  • the hologram layers respectively deflect the incident solar radiation in the selected spectral range incident at an angle of incidence onto the same target area having a photovoltaic element and respectively let the incident solar radiation incident at a different angle of incidence pass straight through.
  • Each hologram is assigned a certain angle of incidence.
  • the deflecting device can focus the incident solar radiation in the selected spectral range without tracking in the sun on the photovoltaic element which is positioned in the target area at different positions of the sun.
  • a very complex construction of a precisely curved bender is necessary.
  • the hologram layers must be superimposed very precisely on each other and then bent to a concentration of usable, incident solar radiation each to be able to achieve the associated photovoltaic element.
  • Such bent deflecting devices are also very space-intensive.
  • the portion of the incident solar radiation that is shifted from the light converter layer into the red does not suffer negligible losses of efficiency, which are noticeable as heat, which is caused by the vibration relaxation caused by the
  • the invention has for its object to build a photovoltaic device according to the preamble of the appended claim 1, so that the above problems are solved.
  • it is necessary to increase the efficiency of such a photovoltaic device according to the invention and to avoid overheating of the solar cells used therein.
  • the invention proposes a photovoltaic device with the features mentioned in claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.
  • the photovoltaic device according to the invention for the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy has at least one optical element for bundling the vertically incident solar radiation on at least one associated therewith, this or a light entry region of this small area solar cell.
  • at least one Lichtumwandler coupled in particular one
  • the light converter layer is preferably arranged on the side of the first optical element remote from the sun, spaced therefrom and more preferably has a surface whose vertical projection in the plane with the first optical element forms at least part of its edge surface and its projection in the plane does not overlap the solar cell surface with the solar cell.
  • light converter layers can be used which Convert infrared light into visible or ultraviolet light.
  • a two-quantum absorption process in a suitable fluorescent dye can be used.
  • a wavelength-dependent deflection device is provided in order to direct useful radiation to the solar cell and longer-wavelength first to the light conversion device.
  • a first hologram structure is preferably present on the side of the first optical element facing or facing away from the sun.
  • the first hologram structure deflects the incident solar radiation, which can not be converted into electrical current by the solar cell assigned to it, onto the light converter layer and allows other solar radiation to pass through.
  • a second hologram structure is present on the side of the light converter layer facing away from the sun, which deflects the solar radiation, which is deflected by the light converter layer to shorter wavelengths, which is convertible from the solar cell into electrical energy onto the solar cell and others Lets through radiation.
  • the part of the incident on the light entrance surface of the first optical element solar radiation which is not convertible by the solar cell into electricity, deflected to a remote on the side facing away from the sun of the first optical element Lichtumwandler harsh and other radiation transmitted .
  • the other vertically incident radiation that can be converted by the solar cell into electrical current, that is to say usable, then comes bundled from the first optical element, is then transmitted by the first hologram structure and finally reaches the solar cell or is passed through by the first hologram structure first optical element and is characterized by this the solar cell bundled.
  • the solar cell can therefore use all the incident radiation, which can be converted into electricity.
  • the part of the incident on the light entrance surface of the first optical element solar radiation which is not convertible from the solar cell into electricity and which is deflected by the first hologram layer on the Lichtumwandler Anlagen, to shorter wavelengths, ie for the most part Wavelengths that are convertible from the solar cell into electricity are shifted. About half of the shifted and isotropically radiated radiation then reaches the second hologram structure and is split by this in two parts. The convertible from the solar cell into electrical energy part is deflected by this on the solar cell and the other part is transmitted by this.
  • the optical device can be implemented particularly simply and cost-effectively by a semitransparent mirror which transmits the solar radiation deflected by the first hologram structure and reflects the radiation displaced by and incident on the light-transducer layer, or by a third hologram structure which transposes the light beam through the light-conversion layer Radiation incident on them, which is convertible from the solar cell into electrical energy, reflects and transmits other radiation. Consequently, the solar cell converts both its usable and other incident solar radiation into electricity.
  • the photovoltaic device has at least one first optical element with a target area to which a plurality of solar cells are assigned.
  • a target area to which a plurality of solar cells are assigned.
  • smaller-area solar cells can be used.
  • At least one of the solar cell used in the photovoltaic device according to the invention may be associated with a plurality of first optical elements.
  • a higher efficient efficiency of the solar cells used can be achieved by a stronger concentration of the incident solar radiation by means of several first optical elements.
  • the vertical projection surface of the light converter layer in the plane with the first optical element forms the entire edge surface of the optical element.
  • the solar radiation deflected by the first hologram structure can then be distributed uniformly over the larger area of the light converter layer, thereby avoiding overheating of the latter.
  • the surface of the light converter layer preferably does not overlap the solar radiation bundled by the first optical element and usable by the solar cell.
  • the solar radiation that can be used by the solar cell can be completely redirected to the solar cell. Efficiency losses of the radiation which can be used by the solar cell and which could occur as a result of interactions with the light converter layer are thus avoided. This achieves a higher efficiency of the solar cell.
  • At least one first and / or at least one second hologram structure and / or at least one third hologram structure simple and particularly inexpensive each formed as a flat hologram layers, each having a plurality of hologram regions with different hologram properties.
  • the first and / or the second and / or the third hologram structures can be realized very accurately, since their hologram regions can each be individually tuned to the radiation impinging on them.
  • a second optical element for further bundling of the solar radiation bundled by the first optical element is present between the first optical element and the at least one solar cell assigned to it.
  • a higher concentration of solar radiation is achieved on the solar cells and thereby the purchasing or manufacturing costs of solar cells can be reduced, since only smaller solar cells are necessary.
  • the required accuracy of tracking a solar system to the sun which has such photovoltaic devices, since the acceptance angle of the incident solar radiation is thereby higher, i. also that rays which deviate somewhat from the straight line perpendicular to the first optical elements are respectively collected by the corresponding first optical element on the relatively large surface of the associated second optical element and then further from the second optical element to the small surface of the associated one Solar cell be bundled.
  • the light converter layer is arranged in approximately the same plane with the second optical element.
  • This structure of the photovoltaic device according to the invention is simple and inexpensive to implement, since it is possible to make the second optical element and the associated Lichtumwandler Anlagen in particular the corresponding second hologram structure and preferably also the corresponding optical device as a unit.
  • the Lichtumwand ler Anlagen arranged in particular adjacent to the second optical element.
  • the light conversion layer can cover the entire edge region of the vertical projection surface of the associated first optical element up to the corresponding second optical element.
  • the solar radiation in the spectral region not usable by the solar cell can be relatively uniformly distributed from the first hologram structure to the relatively large area of the associated light conversion layer and, after being shifted to shorter wavelengths by the light conversion layer, uniformly distributed to the second hologram structure Distributed surface of the associated solar cell.
  • the area of the associated solar cell is used evenly and a local overload of the solar cell is avoided.
  • the light conversion device in particular the
  • Light converter layer be arranged between the first and the second optical element.
  • the solar radiation displaced by the light converter layer which is convertible from the solar cell into electrical energy, can be deflected by means of the optical device and the second hologram structure to the second optical element and be further focused by this on the associated solar cell.
  • This achieves a very high concentration of the incident solar radiation on the solar cells. So solar cells can be used with a very small area. The reduction of the necessary area of the solar cells leads to a reduction in the purchase or production costs of such solar cells.
  • the vertical projection surface of the light converter layer in the plane with the second optical element does not overlap the surface of the second optical element.
  • the entire surface of the second optical element can be used for further bundling the light bundled by the first element and that deflected by the second hologram structure onto the latter.
  • the light converter layer in its interior and / or on its side facing away from the sun on a grid of conductive material, which is particularly dimensioned so that no diffraction of the incident thereon solar radiation occurs.
  • the heat in the light converter layer due to the solar radiation with longer wavelengths impinging on it and thus also due to the heat radiation impinging on it is dissipated into the outside environment, thereby avoiding overheating of the light converter layer.
  • the grid of at least one light converter layer ends in a wall of conductive material which adjoins the corresponding first optical element and is arranged perpendicular thereto.
  • This wall serves to further dissipate the heat generated in the light converter layer into the outside environment.
  • the wall extends up to the plane of the light converter layer or past this plane, in particular up to the plane with the solar cell. The larger the wall area, the faster the heat is transported to the outside environment.
  • such a wall can serve as a holding device for the second optical element and / or the corresponding light converter layer and / or the associated and / or the associated optical device and / or the associated second hologram structure.
  • first optical elements are attached to a common transparent light entry body. So you can handle the first optical elements easier and with less effort and thus more cost-effectively installed in the photovoltaic device according to the invention.
  • an optical device or a second hologram layer is mounted on a zone of the plate that covers the vertical projection surface of the associated light converter layer in the plane with the second hologram layer.
  • the light converter layers and / or the respective associated optical devices and / or the respectively associated second hologram structures can be manufactured simply as one unit.
  • there can be a very accurate relative positioning of the light converter layers to the associated optical devices and / or to the associated second hologram structures since the area to be covered by the optical devices or by the second hologram structures can be pre-marked.
  • Such units may then be positioned very accurately relative to the corresponding first optical elements, relative to the second optical elements and to the solar cells. This leads to a use of the entire existing solar cell surface and thus to a high efficiency of such a photovoltaic device according to the invention.
  • a plurality of solar cells are attached to a second common carrier body.
  • the solar cells used can be handled more easily and installed with less effort and thus more cost-effective in the photovoltaic device according to the invention.
  • At least one first optical element and / or at least one second optical element is a Fresnel lens.
  • At least a first and / or at least a second optical element may have a fourth hologram structure that the incident
  • the fourth hologram structure has a plurality of planar superposed hologram layers, each having a plurality of hologram regions with different hologram textures, each deflecting a portion of the incident, from the solar cell into electrical energy convertible solar radiation to the solar cell and transmit other solar radiation.
  • the fourth hologram structure can be realized very accurately, since the planar hologram layers have hologram regions which can be individually tuned to the respective incident radiation on them.
  • At least one light converter layer assigned to a first optical element has a fifth hologram structure, which is present on the side of the light converter layer facing the sun and on the side of the first optical element facing away from the sun, and the solar radiation deflected by the first hologram structure in a parallel, to the light converter layer, in particular on this uniformly distributed beam converts.
  • the light converter layer can be optimally utilized.
  • the fifth hologram structure may be formed very precisely but simply and inexpensively as a superposition of a plurality of planar hologram layers, each having a plurality of hologram regions having different hologram textures, each reflecting the solar radiation deflected therefrom by the first hologram structure a parallel, in particular on this uniformly distributed to the light converter layer distributed beam portion and transmit other solar radiation.
  • photovoltaic devices according to the invention are used in a system which always tracks the sun.
  • 1 shows a sectional view through an embodiment of a photovoltaic device according to the invention with at least one first optical element in the form of a Fresnel lens and a wall of conductive material
  • 2 shows a sectional view through a further embodiment of a photovoltaic device according to the invention with at least one first optical element in the form of a Fresnel lens, an intermediate plate and a secondary lens attached thereto.
  • FIG. 1 shows a photovoltaic device 10 with at least one first optical element 20.
  • the first optical element 20 is a Fresnel lens, which is mounted on the side facing away from the sun of a transparent light entry body 21.
  • the first optical element 20 bundles the vertically incident solar radiation 30 onto an associated solar cell 40.
  • the first optical element 20 has on its side facing away from the sun a first planar hologram structure 50 with a plurality of hologram regions 51, 52 with different hologram textures, which differs from the first optical Element 20 bundled radiation 30 in a non-usable by the solar cell 40 spectrum 60 on two on its side facing away from the sun and their spaced and encompassed by the Lichtumwandler responded 70 Lichtumwandler harshen 70 deflects and the other of the first optical element 20 bundled radiation 80 in the of of the
  • Solar cell lets usable spectrum through.
  • the light converter layers 70 shift the radiation 60 incident on them to the shorter wavelengths, that is, for the most part, into radiation 80 in a spectrum that can be used by the solar cell 40.
  • the light converter layers 70 each comprise a grid 85 of conductive material which serves to dissipate the heat generated by the solar radiation 60 impinging on the light converter layers 70 and thereby present in the light converter layers 70 into the external environment.
  • the grids 85 each terminate in a wall 100 of the material which is capable of carrying the solar cell 40 and has a carrier body 90 which extends on the solar cell 40 and is adjacent to the first optical element 20 Light converter shattering 70 impinging solar radiation 60 resulting and thereby in the
  • the solar radiation 60 which is shifted from the light converter layers 70 to the shorter wavelengths, is detected by the
  • Lichtumwandler Anlagen 70 isotropically emitted. Approximately half of the isotropically emitted radiation is reflected by the optical device 105 present on the sides of the light converter layers 70 facing the sun and by the planar, second optical elements present on the side of the light converter layers 70 facing away from the sun
  • Hologram structure 110 with a plurality of hologram regions 111, 112 with different hologram textures split into two parts.
  • the Another half of the radiation shifted to shorter wavelengths by the light conversion layers 70 is incident on the second hologram structure 110.
  • the part of the radiation impinging on the hologram structure 110, which is convertible into electrical energy by the solar cell 40, is deflected by the second hologram structure 110 onto the solar cell 40 and other radiation is transmitted.
  • FIG. 2 shows a photovoltaic device 10 with at least one first 20 and at least one second 120 optical element.
  • the solar radiation 80 that can be used by the solar cell 40 is bundled by the first optical element 20 onto the surface of the second optical element 120 and then further focused by the latter onto the solar cell 40.
  • the second optical element 120 is disposed on the sun-facing side of an intermediate plate 130.
  • the light converter layers 70 encompassed by the light converter device 70 are mounted with the second planar hologram structures 110 mounted on their side facing away from the sun.
  • the radiation 60 which is not usable by the solar cell 40, is also deflected from the first planar hologram structure 50 onto the light converter layers 70 and is shifted from this to shorter wavelengths.
  • the light converter layers 70 each have a grid 85 of conductive material.
  • the solar radiation 80 from which the light conversion layers 70 are shifted to shorter wavelengths and convertible into electrical energy by the solar cell 40, here becomes the same as that of the sun, in the same manner as indicated in the description of FIG remote side of the support body 90 arranged solar cell 40th diverted. Other radiation does not apply to the solar cell 40 here either.
  • optical device 110 second hologram structure

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif photovoltaïque comprenant au moins un premier élément optique destiné à focaliser le rayonnement solaire incident sur au moins une cellule solaire de plus petite surface. Ledit premier élément optique présente une structure holographique, qui dévie le rayonnement solaire incident, ne pouvant pas être converti en courant par la cellule solaire, vers au moins une couche convertissant la lumière et laisse passer les autres rayons solaires. La couche convertissant la lumière décale vers des longueurs d'onde plus courtes le rayonnement solaire dévié vers elle. Une structure optique est placée sur la couche convertissant la lumière, laquelle structure dévie vers la cellule solaire le rayonnement solaire, décalé vers des longueurs d'onde plus courtes par la couche convertissant la lumière et pouvant être converti en énergie électrique par la cellule solaire, et laisse passer les autres rayons solaires.
PCT/DE2008/000900 2007-06-01 2008-05-29 Dispositif photovoltaïque muni d'au moins un élément optique présentant une couche convertissant la lumière WO2008145113A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007025496 2007-06-01
DE102007025496.4 2007-06-01
DE102008010012.9 2008-02-20
DE102008010012A DE102008010012A1 (de) 2007-06-01 2008-02-20 Photovoltaik-Vorrichtung mit mindestens einem mindestens eine Lichtumwandlerschicht aufweisenden optischen Element

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008145113A2 true WO2008145113A2 (fr) 2008-12-04
WO2008145113A3 WO2008145113A3 (fr) 2009-07-09

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PCT/DE2008/000900 WO2008145113A2 (fr) 2007-06-01 2008-05-29 Dispositif photovoltaïque muni d'au moins un élément optique présentant une couche convertissant la lumière

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DE (1) DE102008010012A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008145113A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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WO2010076791A3 (fr) * 2008-12-31 2011-05-19 Green-Sun Energy Ltd. Concentrateur solaire luminescent
ES2563645A1 (es) * 2014-09-15 2016-03-15 Instituto Holografico Terrasun,S.L. Sistema modular de concentración solar sin seguimiento mediante la combinación de ópticas convencionales y elementos ópticos holográficos (HOE's)

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WO2011024104A2 (fr) * 2009-08-25 2011-03-03 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Concentrateur d'énergie solaire luminescent présentant une architecture nouvelle
DE102010041060A1 (de) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schichtverbund zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie aus Licht
CN102544171A (zh) * 2010-12-21 2012-07-04 财团法人工业技术研究院 多波段集光及能量转换模块
KR20140040761A (ko) * 2011-06-25 2014-04-03 알프레드 조스트 태양광 모듈
KR101791130B1 (ko) 2016-11-18 2017-10-27 엘지전자 주식회사 태양전지 모듈

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WO2010076791A3 (fr) * 2008-12-31 2011-05-19 Green-Sun Energy Ltd. Concentrateur solaire luminescent
US9105785B2 (en) 2008-12-31 2015-08-11 Green-Sun Energy Ltd. Luminescent solar concentrator
ES2563645A1 (es) * 2014-09-15 2016-03-15 Instituto Holografico Terrasun,S.L. Sistema modular de concentración solar sin seguimiento mediante la combinación de ópticas convencionales y elementos ópticos holográficos (HOE's)

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Publication number Publication date
DE102008010012A1 (de) 2008-12-04
WO2008145113A3 (fr) 2009-07-09

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