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WO2008145111A2 - Dispositif photovoltaïque à éléments optiques ultraminces et procédé de fabrication dudit dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif photovoltaïque à éléments optiques ultraminces et procédé de fabrication dudit dispositif Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008145111A2
WO2008145111A2 PCT/DE2008/000898 DE2008000898W WO2008145111A2 WO 2008145111 A2 WO2008145111 A2 WO 2008145111A2 DE 2008000898 W DE2008000898 W DE 2008000898W WO 2008145111 A2 WO2008145111 A2 WO 2008145111A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar cell
solar
optical element
photovoltaic device
optical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2008/000898
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008145111A3 (fr
Inventor
Erich W. Merkle
Original Assignee
Solartec Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solartec Ag filed Critical Solartec Ag
Publication of WO2008145111A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008145111A2/fr
Publication of WO2008145111A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008145111A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/002—Arrays of reflective systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/484—Refractive light-concentrating means, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic device according to the preamble of the appended claim 1, as known from the document DE 40 16 665 A1.
  • the invention also relates to a manufacturing method for such a photovoltaic device (solar module) with at least one solar cell for direct conversion of light into electrical energy.
  • thin-film solar cells are also used to convert solar radiation into electricity.
  • High efficiency with over 39% conversion of solar radiation can be achieved through the use of high power PV cells from higher value semiconductor (IH-V) semiconductor materials such as silicon dioxide.
  • IH-V semiconductor
  • GaAs GalliumArsenide
  • Such cells based on semiconductor material can be constructed stepwise as single, tandem, triple or multi-stack cells and thereby use solar radiation with a broader frequency spectrum.
  • the large-scale production of such cells is very expensive. It was therefore chosen the approach, the incident solar radiation on a very small area of, for example, under a few hundred square millimeters or even of less than one square millimeter. Only for this small area then a solar cell is necessary.
  • the material input can then be less than 1% compared to the large-scale use of such cells.
  • the concentration makes it possible to use the high luminous efficacy of high-performance PV cells of currently over 39%.
  • a PV device for concentrating solar radiation (hundred to a thousandfold concentration) on micro solar cells made of semiconductor material has a closed housing, in the interior of which at least one optical device and at least one associated microsolar cell are arranged.
  • the at least one optical device concentrates the incident light more than 100 times each on an associated micro-solar cell with a smaller area than a few hundred square millimeters.
  • the at least one optical device can be moved independently of the associated micro-solar cell and of the stationary housing and thus tracked to the sun.
  • the unit of a micro solar cell and an optical device can be moved independently of the surrounding housing to track the sun. Since the efficiency of the micro solar cell with increasing
  • the micro-solar cell used therein is in each case surrounded by a heat sink, which is to dissipate the heat generated by the associated microsolar cell.
  • the type of mounting of the micro-solar cells in the interior of a housing, despite existing heat sinks around the micro-solar cells leads to problems in the necessary heat dissipation, which remains trapped in the case, as well as contamination of the inside of the PV device and the sensitive micro-solar cells.
  • micro-solar cells are very sensitive to environmental influences, even dust particles and small particles of dirt or moisture can impair their function. Since in principle only the connection of several photovoltaic devices allows economical use of such a photovoltaic device, these are preferably combined to form a solar system.
  • the lens systems usually used have a high weight, which leads to a difficult tracking to the sun and increased production costs because of the large amounts of material used.
  • the convertible solar radiation has wave frequencies v whose photon energy hv is above the energy gap of the semiconductor materials used in the solar cells. This usable by the solar cell part of the radiation is rather shortwave.
  • the part of the incident solar radiation, which is not converted by the solar cells into electricity, is rather long-wave and makes itself felt as heat. Since the efficiency of solar cells decreases with an increase in temperature, in such solar modules, the working temperature of the solar cells due to the large amounts of heat that arise during their operation, or because of the incident heat radiation (IR radiation), difficult to keep in a range, in which the solar cells can work effectively.
  • heat that is caused during operation of the solar cells or by the incident heat radiation is dissipated to the environment by means of air cooling or via heat sinks. It is also known, for example from document DE 40166665 A1, to avoid high concentrations of the incident solar radiation in order to avoid overheating of the solar cells used therein.
  • Document DE 4016665 A1 discloses a photocell arrangement in which two transparent carrier plates are arranged parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another and connected to one another by means of carrying elements.
  • the sun facing plate is provided on its side facing away from the sun with six trapezoidal holograms, which are assembled into a hexagonal ring.
  • the ring composed of the trapezoidal holograms holds a hexagonal surface.
  • the plate facing away from the sun serves as a support for the photocells.
  • These cover on the back of this plate a hexagonal area, which corresponds to the vertical projection of the surface bounded by the holograms on the facing away from the sun plate.
  • the holograms have such a characteristic that they redirect the vertically incident light to the surface of the photocells. The light incident on the area of the plate facing the sun, which is enclosed by the holograms, falls directly onto the existing photocells.
  • the object of the invention is to design a photovoltaic device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 such that an increase in the efficiency of the photovoltaic device according to the invention is achieved.
  • a corresponding method for producing the photovoltaic device according to the invention forms the subject of the independent claim.
  • the photovoltaic device for the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy has at least one solar cell and at least one of the at least one solar cell associated optical element for deflecting the vertically incident solar radiation on the associated and opposite this spaced solar cell.
  • the projection of the surface of the optical element in the plane of the solar cell adjoins the surface of the at least one solar cell.
  • the optical element is formed at least from a part, in particular a peripheral part of a preferably ultrathin converging lens, in particular a Fresnel lens, which may have a thickness which is less than a few hundred micrometers, in particular less than 100 micrometers.
  • the ultra-thin collecting lenses can be incorporated in a film whose thickness does not exceed the thickness of the incorporated converging lenses and is below a few hundred micrometers, in particular below 100 micrometers.
  • the at least one optical element is separated from such a prefabricated film and then spaced from at least one associated solar cell of the photovoltaic device according to the invention mounted on the side facing the sun.
  • the separation and in particular the attachment of the at least one optical element can be particularly simple and very accurate in an automated process. Due to the method of attachment of the at least one optical element, the solar radiation incident on the vertical projection surface of the at least one solar cell in the plane of the optical element can directly reach the at least one solar cell. For the solar radiation, which impinges directly on the solar cell, then no transmission losses occur. Thus, the total transmission losses that occur when crossing transparent layers or optical elements can be reduced. Thus, a larger proportion of the incident solar radiation can reach the solar cells used. Consequently, the solar cells work more efficiently.
  • the solar radiation incident directly on the optical element can be deflected onto the solar cell in addition to the solar radiation directly incident on the solar cell.
  • This increases the concentration of solar radiation that hits the solar cell, and the solar cell generates more electricity.
  • the Concentration of the solar radiation incident on the solar cell can be kept in a range in which the heat generation is relatively low and the temperature of the solar cell does not affect the efficiency of the solar cell. The closer the solar cell is to the focus of the optical element, the greater the concentration of solar radiation impinging on the solar cell.
  • optical elements may be present.
  • higher concentrations of solar radiation incident on the solar cell can also be achieved.
  • the at least one solar cell is a large-area solar cell, preferably made of silicon, in particular a large-area thin-film solar cell. Since the optical elements are particularly lightweight, can also be large-area
  • Solar cells are used, which have a surface which is comparable to the surface of the associated optical elements, without the weight of the photovoltaic device is substantially increased by the weight of the ultrathin optical elements used. Since such optical elements are inexpensive, the production or purchase costs remain limited even in their large-scale use. This eliminates the construction effort that occurs when using very small-scale solar cells, since the positioning of large-scale solar cells is much easier to carry out. Thus, a particularly efficient photovoltaic device according to the invention can be realized cost-effectively, which can be tracked in particular uniaxial.
  • the photovoltaic device according to the invention comprises at least one solar cell whose surface is a rectangle with a much greater length than its width. Their length can be more than 10 times, in particular more than 100 times their width.
  • Such a photovoltaic device requires a simple, uniaxial Tracking and the material cost of the solar cells used is smaller here than in large-scale solar cells, which are generously dimensioned in all directions.
  • the tracking system In the case of uniaxial tracking, the tracking system will change its elevation angle by a maximum of 270 ° and track the sun horizontally. In the case of biaxial tracking, the tracking system will also change its angle formed by the vertical axis by a maximum of 90 °.
  • optical elements may be attached to a common transparent light entry plate.
  • a mounting method of the optical elements facilitates their positioning relative to the solar cells.
  • the heat incident on the optical elements can be uniformly distributed in the light entry body. As a result, overheating and consequently damage to the ultra-thin optical elements can be avoided.
  • a plurality of, preferably all solar cells are connected to the side facing away from the sun with a heat conductor plate.
  • the incident and the heat generated during operation of the solar cells can be quickly transported to the outside environment. This avoids overheating of the solar cells.
  • the at least one optical element is assigned to its side facing the sun a first, in particular, flat hologram structure, which detects the incident solar radiation emitted by the at least a solar cell is not convertible into electricity, redirects back to the outside environment and lets other solar radiation through.
  • the rather long-wave incident solar radiation including heat radiation will not reach the ultra-thin optical elements and thus will not overheat.
  • the first hologram structure also extends over the surface of the at least one solar cell, the longer-wave solar radiation does not reach the solar cell either. Thus, overheating of the at least one solar cell is avoided.
  • the combination of the hologram structure for selectively filtering solar cell-utilizable radiation with a portion of an ultrathin converging lens having a thickness less than a few hundred microns, more preferably less than 100 microns, provides particular advantages and is particularly preferred.
  • a first, in particular planar optical structure for reflecting and in particular deflecting the solar radiation deflected by the at least one optical element onto this first optical structure is at an obtuse angle compared to the normal at the level of the solar cell.
  • a second, in particular planar optical structure is also preferably present in the region of the plane of the at least one optical element, which deflects the solar radiation reflected or deflected by the first optical structure onto the at least one solar cell.
  • the surface of the second optical structure preferably covers the surface of the at least one optical element and / or the projection surface of the at least one associated solar cell in the plane of the at least one optical element.
  • the first optical structure reflects or deflects the radiation deflected by the at least one first optical element, which does not affect the at least a solar cell hits, level with the first optical element.
  • the solar radiation deflected by the first optical structure strikes the second optical structure attached to the side of the at least one optical element facing away from the sun and is deflected by the latter onto the solar cell.
  • the concentration of the solar radiation impinging on the solar cell is increased. Consequently, the efficiency of the solar cell increases.
  • the first optical structure can be realized simply and inexpensively by means of a second hologram structure which reflects the solar radiation deflected therefrom by the at least one optical element or deflects it at an obtuse angle with respect to the straight line perpendicular to the plane with the solar cell.
  • the second leaves are arranged simply and inexpensively by means of a second hologram structure which reflects the solar radiation deflected therefrom by the at least one optical element or deflects it at an obtuse angle with respect to the straight line perpendicular to the plane with the solar cell.
  • the second leaves which reflects the solar radiation deflected therefrom by the at least one optical element or deflects it at an obtuse angle with respect to the straight line perpendicular to the plane with the solar cell.
  • Hologram structure solar radiation through which is not convertible by the solar cell into electricity.
  • overheating of the at least one solar cell is avoided since heat radiation and solar radiation, which would convert the at least one solar cell into heat, can not impinge on the surface thereof after being deflected by the second optical structure.
  • the second optical structure is realized simply and inexpensively by means of a third hologram structure, which reflects or deflects only solar radiation that can be converted into electricity by the solar cell.
  • the third hologram structure allows other radiation to pass undirected and deflects only the solar radiation deflected from the first optical structure onto the solar cell, which can be converted into electricity by the solar cell.
  • the second optical structure can also have a semitransparent mirror, which reads through the solar radiation impinging on its side facing the sun and which points away from it on the sun Side reflected by the first optical structure deflected solar radiation and this so the solar cell feeds.
  • photovoltaic devices according to the invention are used in a system that always tracks the sun, in particular uniaxially.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an inventive
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of another invention
  • the photovoltaic device partly shown in FIG. 1 has a plurality of solar cells 20 - only one shown by way of example - to which two ultrathin optical elements 30 are assigned.
  • the two optical elements 30 together form an ultra-thin Fresnel lens and each represent one half of this Fresnel lens.
  • the two optical elements 30 are spaced apart from each other and mounted on a straight surface on the side facing away from the sun of a common light entrance body 40.
  • the solar cell 20 is mounted on the side of a support body 60 facing the sun so that its projection surface in the plane adjoins the optical elements 30 with the optical elements 30.
  • a first hologram structure 70 is attached, the solar radiation 37, which can not be converted into electricity by the solar cell 20, deflected back to the outside environment and other radiation 36 passes.
  • a first optical structure 80 Adjacent to the solar cell 20 and on the sun-facing side of the carrier body 60, a first optical structure 80 is here in the form of a second hologram structure 80, the solar radiation 36, which is convertible from the solar cell 20 into electricity, back towards the optical Deflects elements 30 and transmits other radiation 37.
  • the second optical structure 90 is mounted here in the form of a semitransparent mirror 90, which transmits the solar radiation 35, 36 impinging on the sun-facing side of the semitransparent mirror 90 without deflection and those on the side facing away from the sun Side of the semitransparent mirror 90 from the first optical structure 80 deflected solar radiation 36 is reflected and so the solar cell 20 passes.
  • the surface of the semitransparent mirror 90 covers the surface of the optical elements 30 and the projection surface of the solar cell 20 in the plane with the optical elements 30.
  • Device has a plurality of rectangular solar cells 20, each having a length which is each significantly larger than the width thereof.
  • the mounting method of the ultra-thin optical elements 30 with respect to the associated solar cell 20 is illustrated.
  • the optical elements 30 are mounted together on a light entrance body 40. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif photovoltaïque (10) destiné à transformer directement l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique, lequel dispositif comprend au moins une cellule solaire (20) et au moins un élément optique (30) associé à ladite au moins une cellule solaire (20), lequel élément est destiné à dévier le rayonnement solaire (35) incident dans le sens vertical vers la cellule solaire (20) associée et placée à une certaine distance dudit élément, la projection de la surface de l'élément optique (30) sur le plan avec la cellule solaire (20) étant adjacente à la surface de cette dernière. Selon l'invention, l'élément optique (30) présente une épaisseur inférieure à deux cents micromètres, en particulier inférieure à 100 micromètres. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication dudit dispositif.
PCT/DE2008/000898 2007-06-01 2008-05-29 Dispositif photovoltaïque à éléments optiques ultraminces et procédé de fabrication dudit dispositif WO2008145111A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007025497.2 2007-06-01
DE102007025497 2007-06-01
DE102008010013A DE102008010013A1 (de) 2007-06-01 2008-02-20 Photovoltaik-Vorrichtung mit ultradünnen optischen Elementen und Herstellverfahren hierfür
DE102008010013.7 2008-02-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008145111A2 true WO2008145111A2 (fr) 2008-12-04
WO2008145111A3 WO2008145111A3 (fr) 2009-07-02

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/DE2008/000898 WO2008145111A2 (fr) 2007-06-01 2008-05-29 Dispositif photovoltaïque à éléments optiques ultraminces et procédé de fabrication dudit dispositif

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102008010013A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008145111A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2724383A2 (fr) * 2011-06-25 2014-04-30 Alfred Jost Module solaire
EP3324450A1 (fr) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-23 LG Electronics Inc. Module de cellule solaire

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202012102146U1 (de) 2012-06-12 2012-07-20 Vision Optics Gmbh Konzentrator-Solarmodul

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DE2910142A1 (de) * 1979-03-15 1980-09-25 Pruss Gunter Anordnung zur umwandlung von sonnenenergie in elektrische und/oder waermeenergie
US4328389A (en) * 1981-02-19 1982-05-04 General Dynamics Corporation Inherent spectrum-splitting photovoltaic concentrator system
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US20050046977A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-03 Eli Shifman Solar energy utilization unit and solar energy utilization system
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WO2005074041A2 (fr) * 2004-01-30 2005-08-11 Detlef Schulz Procede de transformation de l'energie du rayonnement solaire en courant electrique et en chaleur au moyen de miroirs filtres d'interference selectifs en couleur et dispositif de collecteur-concentrateur comportant des miroirs selectifs en couleur destine a la mise en oeuvre dudit procede

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US4158356A (en) * 1977-02-22 1979-06-19 Wininger David V Self-powered tracking solar collector
DE2910142A1 (de) * 1979-03-15 1980-09-25 Pruss Gunter Anordnung zur umwandlung von sonnenenergie in elektrische und/oder waermeenergie
US4328389A (en) * 1981-02-19 1982-05-04 General Dynamics Corporation Inherent spectrum-splitting photovoltaic concentrator system
JPS62101085A (ja) * 1985-10-28 1987-05-11 Nec Corp 集光型太陽電池モジユ−ル
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WO2005074041A2 (fr) * 2004-01-30 2005-08-11 Detlef Schulz Procede de transformation de l'energie du rayonnement solaire en courant electrique et en chaleur au moyen de miroirs filtres d'interference selectifs en couleur et dispositif de collecteur-concentrateur comportant des miroirs selectifs en couleur destine a la mise en oeuvre dudit procede

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2724383A2 (fr) * 2011-06-25 2014-04-30 Alfred Jost Module solaire
EP2724383A4 (fr) * 2011-06-25 2014-11-26 Alfred Jost Module solaire
EP3324450A1 (fr) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-23 LG Electronics Inc. Module de cellule solaire
CN108075008A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-25 Lg电子株式会社 太阳能电池模块
US10910990B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2021-02-02 Lg Electronics Inc. Solar cell module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008145111A3 (fr) 2009-07-02
DE102008010013A1 (de) 2008-12-11

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