WO2007012671A9 - Procédé d'immunisation génétique par électrotransfert contre une toxine et antisérum susceptible d'être obtenu par ledit procédé - Google Patents
Procédé d'immunisation génétique par électrotransfert contre une toxine et antisérum susceptible d'être obtenu par ledit procédéInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007012671A9 WO2007012671A9 PCT/EP2006/064798 EP2006064798W WO2007012671A9 WO 2007012671 A9 WO2007012671 A9 WO 2007012671A9 EP 2006064798 W EP2006064798 W EP 2006064798W WO 2007012671 A9 WO2007012671 A9 WO 2007012671A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- toxin
- sequence
- fragment
- clostridium botulinum
- electrotransfer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
- A61K39/08—Clostridium, e.g. Clostridium tetani
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/02—Antidotes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/53—DNA (RNA) vaccination
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for obtaining an antiserum directed against a protein toxin by administering to an animal a solution comprising a genetic construct encoding an immunogenic fragment of toxin, followed by the application of an electric field. in the administration area, and serum isolation.
- the antiserum obtainable by the process and the use of the solution for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a toxic effect related to the absorption in a mammal of a toxin, characterized in that that said drug is formulated for electrotransport administration in the patient is also included in the invention.
- the most currently used means of obtaining antisera against a protein antigen is to perform repetitive injections of recombinant or purified native proteins in order to induce an immune response. in animals.
- the protein can also be expressed on a capsid or viral envelope, or in a virosome-type particle.
- botulinum toxin or other lethal toxins one can not immunize with the whole toxin.
- toxin must be produced from the bacterium, purified, and then modified to inactivate its lethality, while retaining its antigenicity. This is achieved, for example, by purifying a subunit of the toxin, which is therefore not fully functional.
- such a recombinant subunit can be produced, for example from E. coli. This may be essential in the absence of a reliable method of inactivation of the toxin. In both cases, production of inactivated native protein or recombinant fragments, the techniques are cumbersome and expensive. This explains, for example, that only one multivalent serum stock against various serotypes of botulinum toxins have been produced to date.
- An alternative route for obtaining antiserum is genetic immunization, wherein a DNA encoding the toxin is administered to the animal to be immunized.
- the coding DNA in which the coding gene is preceded by a suitable promoter and comprises a polyadenylation sequence, may be carried either by a viral vector (adenovirus, AAV, retrovirus, lentivirus, etc.) or by a plasmid bacterial. It can also be produced by acellular synthesis in vitro, for example by PCR.
- a single intramuscular injection of a plasmid encoding an HBV virus (hepatitis B) envelope protein causes the production of antibodies for at least 74 weeks (Davis et al., Gene Ther., 1997 Mar; 4 (3): 181). -8), in a title compatible with effective protection.
- HBV virus hepatitis B envelope protein
- Electrotransfer is a simple and efficient gene transfer technique, consisting of an intramuscular injection of a DNA solution followed by the application of a series of electrical pulses, using electrodes connected to a generator ( Aihara et al., Nat Biotechnol 1998 Sep; 16 (9): 867-70; Mir et al., CR Acad Sci III. 1998 Nov; 321 (11): 893-9 .; Mir et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci US A, 1999 Apr 13; 96 (8): 4262-7.).
- the antibody titre produced increases by a factor of 100 in the mouse after electrotransfer of a plasmid encoding a surface antigen of the HBV virus (Widera et al., J. Immunol 2000 May 1 164 (9): 4635-40). This increase factor is of the order of 10 in the case of rabbits or guinea pigs. High antibody titers were also obtained in mice and rabbits after intramuscular electrotransfer of a plasmid encoding a hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein (Zucchelli et al., J.
- the genetic immunization techniques mentioned above can be combined with conventional protein immunization methods. For example, a first genetic immunization can be performed, followed after several weeks by 1 to 2 genetic immunizations, followed finally after several weeks or months of several protein immunizations against the same antigen. It will also be possible, alternatively, to vaccinate first against the protein then to carry out a genetic immunization.
- Botulinum and tetanus (Clostridium tetani) neurotoxins have a common organization. They are synthesized as a single protein chain ( ⁇ 150 kDa), which is then activated by a proteolytic cleavage determining two protein chains: the N-terminal light chain or L ( ⁇ 50 kDa) and the heavy chain in C -terminal or H ( ⁇ 100 kDa), which remain joined by a disulfide bridge. Three functional domains have been defined on these neurotoxins. The C-terminal half of the H chain (called Hc) is the recognition domain of a specific receptor on the surface of neurons.
- Hc The C-terminal half of the H chain (called Hc) is the recognition domain of a specific receptor on the surface of neurons.
- the N-terminal half of the H (HN) chain is involved in the internalisation of the L-chain neuron.
- the latter contains the enzymatic site of proteolysis against SNARE proteins and is responsible for the intraneuronal activity of neurotoxins. which results in a blockage of neuro-exocytosis.
- Each of these three functional domains is associated with a particular three-dimensional structure.
- the Hc domain contains two beta-sheet rich structures, the HN domain is formed of two very long alpha helices, and the L chain forms a compact, beta-sheet rich structure (Kozaki et al., Infect Immun 1986 Jun; 52 (3 ): 786-91, Kozaki et al., Infect Immun 1987 Dec, 55 (12): 3051-6).
- the set of genes for botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins was sequenced and the crystallographic structure was determined for botulinum neurotoxins A and B and tetanus neurotoxin.
- Various studies have been carried out to determine the immunogenic fragment of these neurotoxins. It was first shown that the Hc fragment of tetanus toxin, obtained by proteolysis by papain and purified by chromatography, is nontoxic and protects by anti-Hc immunization mice against a toxin challenge dose (Kozaki et al. al., Infect Immun., 1989 Sep; 57 (9): 2634-9.). Then, this fragment was produced as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and was also an excellent immunogen (Halpern et al., Infect Immun, 1989 Jan; 57 (1): 18-22.).
- the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies obtained with whole botulinum neurotoxin A as immunogen were all directed against the Hc fragment.
- the analysis of antibodies generated by vaccination with the whole botulinum neurotoxin formulated in humans showed that most were directed against the light chain and little against the Hc fragment.
- This study concluded that a vaccine based on the Hc fragment is more protective than a vaccine prepared with the whole toxin (Brown et al., Hybridoma, 1997 Oct; 16 (5): 447-56).
- the second generation of USAMRIID-engineered anti-bacterial vaccine consists of recombinant and purified Hc fragments of the seven toxinotypes of botulinum neurotoxins A, B, C, D, E, F and G.
- the Hc fragment is shown to be a better immunogen than the entire neurotoxin and detoxified to induce neutralizing antibodies.
- the method currently used involves the production of native or recombinant proteins, which is a time consuming and expensive process.
- the native or recombinant protein is toxic, it must be denatured before injection into animals. This can result in low neutralizing antisera, since only epitope antibodies can be obtained.
- the inventors have developed a new method for obtaining antisera directed against a protein toxin, the antiserum obtained with this method having a high titre neutralizing antibodies against botulinum toxins.
- the new method also has the advantage of being easy to implement and inexpensive.
- the subject of the invention is a process for obtaining an antiserum directed against at least one protein toxin comprising the following steps: a) obtaining a solution comprising at least one genetic construct, said construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding at least one immunogenic fragment of said toxin, b) administration by injection into an animal of the solution obtained in step a), c) application of an electric field in the injection zone, and d) subsequent collection of whole blood and serum isolation.
- Protein toxin is understood to mean any animal, plant or bacterial substance which produces toxic effects and which is generally antigenic.
- immunogenic fragment of protein toxin is meant any fragment of said toxin that has the ability to induce a reaction or an immune response.
- protein, polypeptide or peptide are used interchangeably in the present description to designate an amino acid sequence or, for their derivatives, containing an amino acid sequence.
- step (d) in the sense of the present application is meant a sampling which is performed within a minimum period of time after step (c) (application of an electric field) necessary to obtain immunization. In general, this period of time is at least 15 days after the application of the electric field.
- step (c) The conditions for applying an electric field in the injection zone according to step (c) are now well known to those skilled in the art, and are described in particular in the international patent applications published on January 14, 1999. under the numbers WO 99/01157 and WO 99/01158. Those skilled in the art will know how to adapt these conditions according to each case.
- the electric field has an intensity of between 1 and 800 V / cm in the form of 1 to 100,000 square pulses with a duration greater than 100 microseconds and a frequency between 0.1 and 1000 Hertz. More preferably, the electric field has an intensity of between 80 and 250 V / cm in the form of 1 to 20 square-wave pulses with a duration of between 1 and 50 milliseconds and a frequency of 1 to 10 Hertz. .
- the injection is an intradermal or intramuscular injection.
- step b) of administering the solution is preceded by a step of injecting a solution containing an enzyme that degrades the extracellular matrix, such as hyaluronidase.
- this enzyme is responsible for the degradation of hyaluronic acid, major constituent of the extracellular matrix of the muscle.
- Hyaluronidase thus makes it possible to increase the accessibility of plasmids to muscle cells.
- a solution containing between 0.1 and 2 U / ⁇ l of hyaluronidase is injected.
- Even more preferably, approximately 25 .mu.l of a 0.4U / .mu.l solution of hyaluronidase in NaCl are injected.
- the toxin is selected from the group consisting of toxin Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium tetani, Bacillus anthracis, ricin, diphtheria toxin and cholera toxin.
- the immunogenic fragment of said toxin is the C-terminal fragment (Hc) selected from the group consisting of the Hc fragment of the Clostridium botulinum serotype A toxin of sequence SED ID No. 1, the Hc fragment.
- Hc C-terminal fragment selected from the group consisting of the Hc fragment of the Clostridium botulinum serotype A toxin of sequence SED ID No. 1, the Hc fragment.
- Clostridium botulinum serotype B toxin of sequence SED ID NO: 2 Clostridium botulinum serotype C toxin Hc fragment SED ID No. 3
- Clostridium botulinum serotype D toxin Hc fragment SED sequence ID No. 4 the Hc fragment of the Clostridium botulinum serotype E toxin of SED ID No.
- the nucleic acid encoding the Hc fragment of toxin A of Clostridium botulinum is of sequence SED ID No. 17, or one of its variants.
- variant of a protein sequence refers to a sequence exhibiting only modifications at the level of amino acids or nucleotides having no influence on its function by not diminishing its immunogenicity .
- variant is intended to mean when used herein with reference to a nucleotide sequence, a nucleotide sequence corresponding to a reference nucleotide sequence, the corresponding sequence encoding a polypeptide having substantially the same structure and the same function. than the polypeptide encoded by the reference nucleotide sequence. It is desirable that the substantially similar nucleotide sequence encode the polypeptide encoded by the reference nucleotide sequence.
- the percentage of identity between the sequence substantially similar nucleotide and the reference nucleotide sequence is at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, still more preferably at least 99%.
- Sequence comparisons are performed using the Smith-Waterman sequence alignment algorithm (see, for example, Waterman, MS Introduction to Computational Biology: Maps, Sequences and Genomes, Chapman & Hall, London: 1995. ISBN 0412 -99391-0 or at http://www-hto.usc.edu/ software / seqahi / index.html).
- the localS version 1.16 program is used with the following parameters: "match”: 1, "mismatch penalty”: 0.33, "open-gap penalty”: 2, "extended-gap penalty”: 2.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- the genetic construct comprises 5 'nucleic acid encoding at least one fragment of said toxin, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- CMV promoter The structure of the CMV promoter is described in particular in Hennighausen et al. (EMBO J. 5 (6), 1367-1371, 1986).
- the genetic construct comprises a sequence encoding an extracellular secretion signal.
- extracellular secretion signals which are well known to those skilled in the art, make it possible to obtain higher antibody titers.
- the sequence coding for the extracellular secretion signal is chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 9, which codes the extracellular secretion signal of mouse erythropoietin, and SEQ ID No. 10, which codes the extracellular secretion signal. of human alkaline phosphatase, and one of their variants.
- the genetic construct comprises, in 5 'of the promoter, a translation initiation site nucleic sequence, called KOZAK sequence, of sequence SEQ ID No. 11.
- At least one initial codon of the nucleic acid sequence which encodes at least one fragment of said toxin is replaced by a different codon encoding the same amino acid and whose frequency in eukaryotic cells is higher than the frequency in Clostridium botulinum, as defined in Table 1.
- botulinum toxins are naturally produced by the organism Clostridium, the genetic code used by this organism is not necessarily adapted to a good expression of the protein in mammals.
- the inventors have therefore used a synthetic gene designed according to the codon optimization technique, that is, the use of synonymous codons corresponding to the most common tRNAs (transfer RNA) in eukaryotic cells.
- the genetic construct further comprises a nucleic acid encoding at least one cytokine.
- step (a) comprises another genetic construct that contains a nucleic acid encoding a cytokine, said two genetic constructs being co-administered in step (b).
- the nucleic acid sequence encoding the cytokine is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 12, which encodes the hematopoietic growth factor (GM-CSF), SEQ ID NO: 13, which encodes the subunit.
- SEQ ID NO: 12 which encodes the hematopoietic growth factor (GM-CSF)
- SEQ ID NO: 13 which encodes the subunit.
- GM-CSF hematopoietic growth factor
- SEQ ID NO: 13 which encodes the subunit.
- p3 unit of mouse interleukin 12 SEQ ID No. 14, which encodes the mouse subtilute p40 of mouse interleukin 12, SEQ ID No. 15, which encodes mouse interleukin-4, and SEQ ID No. 16, which encodes human interleukin 10.
- the genetic construct further comprises a non-methylated immunostimulation sequence rich in guanine and cytosine bases, with a size of between 10 and 10,000 nucleotides.
- CpG sequence Such a sequence, called CpG sequence, is well known to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that in the present invention the immunostimulatory sequence may also be a particular oligonucleotide which will be co-administered with the plasmid encoding the toxin fragment. (Mutwiri et al., Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2003, 91, 89-103, R. Rankin, et al., Vaccine 2002, 20, 3014-3022).
- the antiserum is directed against at least two protein toxins and in that the solution of step a) comprises a mixture of at least two genetic constructs, each said constructs comprising a nucleic acid encoding at least one immunogenic fragment of said toxins.
- the animal is selected from the mouse, the rabbit, the horse and the pig.
- steps b) and c) are repeated at least once before step d).
- steps b) and c) are repeated at an interval of at least 15 days, preferably at least 3 weeks, and particularly preferably at least 1 month.
- step c) is followed by administration in the animal of the recombinant immunogenic fragment of said toxin. Generally this administration is carried out at least 15 days after step c). The serum is then isolated in step d).
- Serum isolation can be achieved by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the serum is isolated in step d) by centrifugation.
- the subject of the present invention is an antiserum directed against a protein toxin obtainable by the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its anti-toxin antibody titre is greater than or equal to 100, and in that its neutralizing power is greater than or equal to 100.
- the antibody titre can be determined by carrying out dilutions, for example two-fold dilutions of the sera from the 1/100 th dilution, then an ELISA assay is performed, and a curve giving the optical density is obtained. given wavelength, for example at 492 nm when the peroxidase / orthophenylenediamine system is used as a function of dilution.
- the title Antibody is the reciprocal of the dilution factor that gives an optical density of at least 0.2 above naive sera.
- the presence of neutralizing antibodies is determined by a mouse lethality test: for example, botulinum neurotoxin type A is produced and calibrated at 10 Doses.
- mice per ml Serum dilutions are then incubated with a toxin preparation, and injected into mice. The survival of the mice is then observed for a few days. The results are expressed as neutralizing units per ml (a neutralizing unit corresponding to the volume of serum neutralizing 10 lethal mouse doses).
- the subject of the invention is also the antiserum according to the present invention, for its use as a preventive serum or as an antidote intended to neutralize in a mammal the toxic effects related to the absorption of the toxin in said mammal.
- the absorption of the toxin may result from bacterial contamination in said mammal.
- the present invention further relates to the use of an antiserum according to the present invention, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a toxic effect related to the absorption in a mammal of a toxin chosen from group consisting of a Clostridium botulinum toxin, a Clostridium tetani toxin, a Bacillus anthracis toxin, ricin, diphtheria toxin and cholera toxin.
- a toxin chosen from group consisting of a Clostridium botulinum toxin, a Clostridium tetani toxin, a Bacillus anthracis toxin, ricin, diphtheria toxin and cholera toxin.
- the subject of the invention is also the antiserum according to the present invention, for its use as reagent in an immunological test, such as for example, but not limited to, an enzyme immunoassay ELISA, an immunotransfer, an immunoluminescent titration, etc.
- an immunological test such as for example, but not limited to, an enzyme immunoassay ELISA, an immunotransfer, an immunoluminescent titration, etc.
- an immunological test such as for example, but not limited to, an enzyme immunoassay ELISA, an immunotransfer, an immunoluminescent titration, etc.
- the subject of the invention is the use of a solution containing at least one genetic construct according to the present invention, for the manufacture of a medicament intended to prevent or treat a toxic effect linked to absorption.
- a toxin selected from the group consisting of a Clostridium botulinum toxin, a Clostridium tetani toxin, a Bacillus anthracis toxin, ricin, diphtheria toxin and cholera toxin, characterized in that said drug is formulated for administration by electrotransfer.
- electroporation conditions applicable for the electrotransfer administration, the mode and the number of injections are as defined above.
- the drug prepared from the solution containing the at least one genetic construct must be formulated in the absence of cationic lipids to allow electrotransfer. It can be formulated in the presence of any acceptable pharmaceutical excipient known to those skilled in the art, such as a saline solution, a phosphate buffer, a glucose buffer, etc.
- the use according to the invention is characterized in that the solution additionally contains an immunostimulatory adjuvant.
- immunostimulatory adjuvants include, but are not limited to, Freund's adjuvant and alum.
- the "*" sign in certain figures corresponds to an antibody titre of less than 100.
- Figure 1 ELISA assay sera 3 weeks after electrotransfer.
- Figure 2 ELISA assay sera 70 days after electrotransfer. Dilutions of 2 2 sera from the dilution 1/100.
- FIG. 4 Comparison of injection-only / injection + electrotransfer with plasmids pVaxFcBoNTA and pVaxFc * BoNTA
- Figure 7 Effect of hyaluronidase on the antibody titre (plasmid pVaxFc * BoNTA-Master)
- Figure 8 Anti-FcBoNTB antibody titers with the plasmids pVaxFc * BoNTA and pVaxFc * BoNTA-Master (injection + electrotransfer)
- FIG. 9 Anti-FcBoNTE antibody titers with plasmids pVaxFcBoNTE, pVaxFc * BoNTE, pVaxFc * BoNTE-Master and pVaxFc * BoNTE-Variant
- FIG. 10 Anti-FcBoNTA, antiFcBoNTB and anti-antibody titres
- Figure 11 Anti-FcBoNTA antibody titers in rabbits
- Figure 12 Anti-FcBoNTA antibody titers with or without reinjection of plasmid pVaxFc * BoNTA-Master in mice ("id” for intradermal and "im.” For intramuscular)
- Figure 13 Anti-FcBoNTA antibody titers with or without reinjection of plasmid pVaxFc * BoNTA in mice.
- Fig. 14 Interest of codon optimization for obtaining higher antiserum titers: using pVaxFcNoNTA (dark) or the codon-optimized sequence of the Hc fragment of botulinum toxin serotype A (plasmid A pVaxFc * BoNTA, quadrille).
- Figure 15 Obtaining antisera by the method of the invention, assayed at three times after electrotransfer, using an optimized genetic sequence encoding a fragment of botulinum toxin A, not associated (Fc * BoNTA) or associated (Fc * BoNTA secreted, column squared) to a protein secretion sequence.
- Figure 16 Obtaining antisera by the method of the invention, assayed at three times after electrotransfer, using an optimized genetic sequence encoding a fragment of botulinum toxin B, not associated (Fc * BoNTB) or associated (Fc * BoNTB secreted) to a protein secretion sequence
- FIG. 17 Obtaining antisera by the method of the invention, assayed at three times after electrotransfer, using an optimized genetic sequence coding for a codon-optimized fragment of botulinum toxin E: - codon-optimized (FcBoNTE) not associated or associated with a codon-optimized protein secretion sequence (Fc * BoNTE) associated with or associated with a secreted protein secretion sequence (Fc * BoNTE) EXAMPLES I- Materials and methods
- FcBoNTA the C-terminal fragment of botulinum toxin A
- FcBoNTA a fragment known as the most immunogenic part of the toxin.
- the different constructs tested are: pVaxFcBoNTA: this plasmid contains the FcBoNTA fragment under the control of a CMV promoter.
- pVaxFc * BoNTA this plasmid contains the FcBoNTA fragment whose sequence has been optimized so that the expression of the protein is optimal in the mouse (denoted Fc * BoNTA).
- This plasmid contains the Fc * BoNTA fragment fused to the secretion signal of human secreted alkaline phosphatase, and preceded by a Kozak sequence which improves the translation.
- the muscles or the skin are then subjected to an electric field of 200V / cm in the form of 8 square pulses of 20 ms of a frequency of 2 Hz using two electrodes plates connected to a Genetronics EC 830 electric generator. If necessary, a solution of hyaluronidase (25 ⁇ l at 0.4U / ⁇ L in 15OmM NaCl) is injected into the cranial tibial muscle two hours before injection and electrotransfer.
- Blood samples (approximately 150 ⁇ l) are taken by retro-orbital puncture on anesthetized mice.
- the samples are centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4 ° C. at 3000 rpm.
- the plasma is removed and the sera are stored at -80 ° C.
- FcBoNTE in the serum of the mice an ELISA test is carried out.
- the recombinant protein FcBoNTA, FcBoNTB or FcBoNTE is deposited on the bottom of a 96-well plate, the sera are then incubated with the plate: if antibodies are present in the serum, they will bind to the protein. Washings remove anything that is not attached to the recombinant protein and the presence of anti-Fc antibodies is then detected by the combination of a biotinylated anti-mouse Ig secondary antibody and streptavidin coupled to the peroxidase. It is then sufficient to reveal with a peroxidase substrate and read the plate at 492 nm.
- mice lethality test botulinum neurotoxin type A is produced and calibrated at 10 mouse lethal doses per ml. Serum dilutions are then incubated with 2 ml of toxin preparation 30 minutes at 37 °, and injected into mice intraperitoneally (2 mice per dilution, ImI per mouse). The survival of the mice is then observed for four days. The results are expressed as neutralizing units per ml (a neutralizing unit corresponding to the volume of serum neutralizing 10 lethal mouse doses).
- the inventors have performed an experiment to validate the interest of electrotransfer.
- the inventors have for this purpose compared the antibody titres obtained on batches of mice injected with the same plasmid (pVaxFcBoNTA or pVaxFc * BoNTA) but with or without electrotransfer following the injection.
- mice tested the neutralizing power of these antibodies obtained by injection alone or injection + electrotransfer: The inventors thus performed a neutralization test or lethality test in the mouse. The sera were tested at 45 days and the sera of the same condition were "pooled” to limit the number of mice. The results presented in Table 2 give the number of live mice on the number of total mice for each dilution of serum and for each condition. The neutralizing titer is deduced as the reciprocal of the highest dilution for which mice are alive:
- Samples were taken at 15 days, 30 days and 45 days after injection and electrotransfer.
- the inventors have tested the co-injection + electrotransfer of several plasmids encoding several C-terminal fragments: FcBoNTA, FcBoNTB, and FcBoNTE.
- the three plasmids encode the C-terminal fragments preceded by the secretion signal of mouse Epo and a Kozak sequence. 40 ⁇ g of each plasmid, ie 20 ⁇ g of each in each mouse paw, were injected to make a total of 60 ⁇ g of DNA per paw.
- the anti-FcBoNTA antibody titers are given in Figure 10 (A).
- the anti-FcBoNTB antibody titers are given in Figure 10 (B).
- the anti-FcBoNTE antibody titers are given in Figure 10 (E).
- the inventors have tested the injection or injection + electrotransport of 500 ⁇ g of plasmid pVaxFc * BoNTA-Master in rabbits.
- the electrotransfer conditions are: 8 pulses of 125V / cm; of 20ms; a frequency of 2Hz with needle electrodes.
- mice tested in mice the effect of a second reinjection + electrotransfer: two injections + electrotransfer in each muscle at 0 with the plasmid pVaxFc * BoNTA-Master (notation im, 80 ⁇ g) (FIG.
- the inventors compared different constructs and different procedures (4 mice per condition): injection alone (injection + electrotransfer) intramuscular injection + electrotransfer of 40 ⁇ g of pVaxFcBoNTA injection + electrotransfer with intramuscular 40 ⁇ g of pVaxFc * BoNTA (optimized sequence) - intracuscular injection + electrotransfer of 40 ⁇ g of pVaxFc * BoNTA-Master (optimized sequence + signal of secretion of murine erythropoietin + Kozak sequence) intracuscular injection + electrotransfer of 40 ⁇ g of pVaxFc * BoNTA-Variant (optimized sequence + secretion signal of secreted human alkaline phosphatase + Kozak sequence) intracutaneous injection + electrotransfer of 40 ⁇ g of pVaxFc * BoNTA (optimized sequence) treatment with hyaluronidase + intramuscular injection + electrotransfer of 40 ⁇
- the inventors thus detect, as early as three weeks, anti-FcBoNTA antibodies in all the sera of the mice treated under the various conditions described, and not in the sera of the naive mice. It may be noted, however, that the antibody titre varies according to the conditions: the mice treated with hyaluronidase have an antibody titre higher than the others. This enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of hyaluronic acid, a major component of the extracellular matrix of the muscle. Hyaluronidase thus makes it possible to increase the accessibility of plasmids to muscle cells. Intradermal electrotransfer also makes it possible to obtain antibodies. Samples were then taken every 15 days, and the results obtained with the ELISA 70 days after injection are given in FIG.
- the appearance of the 70-day ELISA assay is similar to that obtained at 21 days. It may be noted, however, that antibody titers increased under all conditions except the intradermal condition. This can be explained by the fact that the inventors have shown that the expression of a protein after intradermal electrotransport only lasts about fifteen days, compared to kinetics of expression in the muscle that last up to a year. . To obtain a more global view of antibody titers during kinetics, Figure 3 presents the set of titles obtained by condition over time.
- mice The results presented in Table 3 give the number of live mice on the number of mice treated for each dilution of serum and for each condition.
- the neutralizing titer is deduced as the inverse of the highest dilution for which the mice are alive:
- the first conclusion of this test is that the antibodies obtained by plasmid electrotransfer are neutralizing.
- the inventors then performed an experiment to validate the interest of electrotransfer. For this purpose, they compared the antibody titres obtained on batches of mice injected with the same plasmid (pVaxFcBoNTA or pVaxFc * BoNTA) but with or without electrotransfer following the injection.
- the inventors obtained, after a single injection and electrotransfer of plasmid encoding the C-terminal FcBoNTA fragment of botulinum toxin A, strong titers of neutralizing antibodies. This result suggests that this simple method can be used to obtain mono or multivalent botulinum antitoxin antisera for therapeutic use.
- a multivalent antiserum can be obtained by genetic immunization to several plasmids, because it has been shown that cotransfection led with the electrotransfer technique to coexpression.
- a multivalent antiserum can be obtained by simple mixing of univalent antisera.
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CA002617082A CA2617082A1 (fr) | 2005-07-28 | 2006-07-28 | Procede d'immunisation genetique par electrotransfert contre une toxine et antiserum susceptible d'etre obtenu par ledit procede |
US11/989,573 US20100129371A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2006-07-28 | Method for genetic immunization by electrotransfer against a toxin and antiserum obtainable by said method |
JP2008523373A JP2009502880A (ja) | 2005-07-28 | 2006-07-28 | 毒素に対する電気移動による遺伝子免疫法および前記方法によって得られる抗血清 |
EP06778059A EP1906996A2 (fr) | 2005-07-28 | 2006-07-28 | Procédé d'immunisation génétique par électrotransfert contre une toxine et antisérum susceptible d'être obtenu par ledit procédé |
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CA2799470A1 (fr) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia | Ttc humanise et procedes d'utilisation associes |
CN105209066A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-30 | 宾夕法尼亚大学理事会 | 使用来自肉毒梭菌的血清型的重链的基于单价或多价肉毒杆菌神经毒素的疫苗 |
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US6020195A (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 2000-02-01 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Antibodies against hepatitis G virus and their use for the diagnostic detection of HGV and as a therapeutic agent |
KR20010020571A (ko) * | 1997-06-30 | 2001-03-15 | 자끄 사비나 | 횡문근중으로 개선된 핵산 전달방법 및 이를 위한콤비네이션 |
CA2371279A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-12 | 2000-11-16 | Leonard A. Smith | Vaccin de recombinaison contre la neurotoxine botulique |
WO2003012117A1 (fr) * | 2001-07-28 | 2003-02-13 | The Secretary Of State For Defence | Vaccin a adn |
US20040248262A1 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2004-12-09 | Koeberl Dwight D. | Constructs for expressing lysomal polypeptides |
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- 2006-07-28 WO PCT/EP2006/064798 patent/WO2007012671A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2006-07-28 CA CA002617082A patent/CA2617082A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-28 JP JP2008523373A patent/JP2009502880A/ja active Pending
- 2006-07-28 US US11/989,573 patent/US20100129371A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-28 EP EP06778059A patent/EP1906996A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2617082A1 (fr) | 2007-02-01 |
EP1906996A2 (fr) | 2008-04-09 |
WO2007012671A2 (fr) | 2007-02-01 |
FR2889066B1 (fr) | 2007-11-09 |
FR2889066A1 (fr) | 2007-02-02 |
US20100129371A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
JP2009502880A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
WO2007012671A3 (fr) | 2007-04-26 |
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