WO2003012102A2 - Acides nucleiques codant des proteines a domaine hect - Google Patents
Acides nucleiques codant des proteines a domaine hect Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003012102A2 WO2003012102A2 PCT/FR2002/002782 FR0202782W WO03012102A2 WO 2003012102 A2 WO2003012102 A2 WO 2003012102A2 FR 0202782 W FR0202782 W FR 0202782W WO 03012102 A2 WO03012102 A2 WO 03012102A2
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/93—Ligases (6)
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of protein ubiquitination, and more particularly to the field of control and diagnosis of protein ubiquitination.
- a large number of proteins whose stability is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway provide regulatory functions in the cell (regulators of the cell cycle, such as cyclins, for example, transcription factors, receptors, etc.) .
- the ubiquitin-proteasome system is therefore an important regulatory system for eukaryotic cells which controls the cellular concentration of key proteins by their selective degradation.
- proteins involved in ubiquitination there are in particular p27, p53, p300, cyclins, E2F, STAT-1, c-Myc, c-Jun, IKB, NFKB and ⁇ -catenin.
- the ubiquitin pathway leads to the covalent attachment of a chain of ubiquitin to target substrates which are then degraded by a multiprotein complex, the proteasome, within which numerous protease activities are associated.
- Ubiquitination of the target protein is a three-step mechanism that generally involves three classes of enzymes. Ubiquitin is first activated in its C-terminal part by the formation of a thioester link with an ubiquitin activating enzyme, the enzyme E1. Next, ubiquitin is transferred to the active cysteine residues of one of the many ubiquitin conjugation enzymes (Ubc or E2).
- E3 protein ligase The main function of E3 enzymes is to recognize the substrate, but these enzymes sometimes catalyze the formation of a peptide link between ubiquitin and a lysine residue on the substrate. The repetition of the action of these three enzymes leads to the formation of a polyubiquitin chain. The polyubiquitinated protein is then addressed to the proteasome where it is degraded.
- Ubiquitin ligases HECT domain enzymes
- Ubiquitin ligases or E3 are the central determinants of the specificity of ubiquitination. Although this property is clearly established, it has proven difficult to understand the E3-dependent catalysis at the molecular level. In most cases, the substrate, ubiquitin and the enzyme that carries ubiquitin (E2) must all be present at the reaction center. Consequently, in addition to contributing to the chemical transfer of ubiquitin to lysine residues, the E3 enzyme must also coordinate the positioning of the various protein actors at its active site.
- the E3 enzymes currently known are members of two protein families: the HECT domain E3 and the RING finger E3.
- the catalytic domains of these two families are not related either in sequence or in structure (nevertheless certain E2 interact well with E3 of the two families).
- the 70 amino acids of the RING finger have a distinct spacing from the cysteine and histidine residues whose role is to ensure the fixation of two zinc ions which stabilize the characteristic globular structure (Borden KLB, 2000).
- the RING domain E3 is a subunit of a multiprotein complex. This is particularly the case for the SCF, APC and VCB complexes (Deshaies RJ, 1999; Tyers M and Jorgensen P, 2000).
- the SCF and VCB complexes contain a RING domain protein designated Rbx1, and the APC contains the APC11 protein.
- the E3 enzymes do not seem to play a role in the recognition of the substrate, this role being ensured by other proteins of the multiprotein complex, such as the F-box proteins in the SCF complexes (S: Skp1; C: Cdc53 or culline; F: protein containing a box F).
- Certain RING finger proteins also function autonomously, such as the c-Cbl protein involved in the degradation of EGF (epidermal growth factor) or PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) receptors (Joazeiro CAP and Weissman AM, 2000) or the Mdm2 protein mainly responsible for the degradation of p53 by the proteasome (Haupt Y et al., 1997).
- HECT domain proteins are characterized by a motif of approximately 350 amino acids containing a very conserved cysteine residue which forms an essential thiol ester intermediate during catalysis. Structurally, HECT domain proteins are large proteins made up of many binding domains. Some have C2 domains (Ca2 + / lipid binding domain) and WW domains (repetition of 35-40 amino acids of two tryptophan residues) in addition to the HECT domain. WW domains are believed to be involved in substrate recognition (Pirozzi G. et al., 1997). Many HECT proteins contain WW domains.
- E6 and E6-AP form a complex which functions as an E3 specific for p53 (Scheffner M., 1993).
- the terminal third of the E6-AP sequence is 35-45% identical to many other proteins in databases (Huibregtse JM, 1995).
- Rhoplasminogen activator protein In mammalian databases in particular, many potential HECT proteins can be found, but the vast majority of them are not functionally characterized. Apart from E6-AP, the best characterized protein E3 with a HECT domain is the yeast enzyme Rsp5. Rsp5 has been implicated in the ubiquitination of various types of very different substrates. Rsp5 recognizes a set of permeases and membrane receptors whose ubiquitination depends in some cases on a signal produced by the phosphorylation of the substrate. These substrates are then endocyted. Rsp5 also has soluble substrates including Rpb1, the large RNA polymerase II subunit. Ubiquitination in this case leads to proteolysis. The properties of Rsp5 are preserved in higher eukaryotes. The human protein Rpb1 is recognized by Nedd4, the murine / human ortholog of Rsp5 (Beaudenon SL et al., 1999).
- HECT domain proteins are probably E3 or components of multiprotein complexes containing E3-like activities. At present, little information is available on the possible functions of the E3s with HECT domain. These findings suggest that a large repertoire of E3 has been established by bringing together various domains of protein interaction with only two catalytic motifs. Despite this progress, however, and despite the recent determination of the structure of two E2- E3 complexes (Huang L et al., 1999; Zheng N et al., 2000) which show how the different stakeholders can in certain cases align at the active site of E3, many questions, especially mechanics, remain.
- the ubiquitin system is involved in the pathology of many human genetic diseases including the Angelman and Liddle syndromes.
- Angelman syndrome is a rare and hereditary defect resulting in mental retardation associated with a mutation in the HECT domain protein, E3 (Kishino, T et al;, 1997; Matsuura, T. et al., 1997).
- Liddle syndrome involving the HECT domain ubiquitin ligase, Nedd4 is a rare and hereditary form of hypertension caused by the deletion of regions of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) which target it for ubiquitin dependent degradation (Staub O et al., 1996). This results in hyperactivity of this channel.
- E3 epithelial sodium channel
- Cancers develop when cells multiply too quickly.
- Cell proliferation depends on a balance between negative signals and positive signals. When the positive signals are higher or the negative signals are absent, the cells multiply too quickly and the cancer develops.
- cells precisely control the amount of a given protein and eliminate excess or any unnecessary protein. To do this, the cell specifically marks these unwanted proteins with a long chain of ubiquitin. These molecules are then recognized and destroyed by the proteasome.
- this machinery becomes entangled in tumors leading to the excessive accumulation of positive signals (oncogenic proteins), or to the abnormal degradation of negative regulators (tumor suppressors). Consequently, in the absence of tumor suppressors or in the presence of an excess of oncogenes, the cells multiply constantly, forming tumors (for review, see Ciechanover, 1998).
- the present invention relates to new proteins with HECT domain and new substrates for proteins with HECT domain. It relates to the screening methods developed to identify the substrates of new HECT domain proteins and to identify the small molecules and drugs that modulate the interaction and / or activity of HECT domain proteins and their substrates.
- the screening methods of this invention can be used to identify therapeutic agents that could be used in protocols and for the treatment of various conditions, including cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, viral, bacterial and fungal.
- This invention encompasses the use of the nucleotides encoding these new HECT domain proteins, the HECT domain proteins and peptides derived from these proteins, the vectors allowing the expression of these proteins in bacteria, fungi, insects, plants and mammalian organisms. as well as animals in which the genes encoding these HECT domain proteins have been inactivated.
- a first subject of the invention consists of a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide with an HECT domain chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11, or for a fragment or a variant of the polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11.
- the fragment of the HECT domain polypeptide comprises or consists of the peptide defining the HECT domain stricto sensu of a polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 1 1.
- a fragment of the HECT domain polypeptide comprises or consists of a polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11 in which the amino acid sequence has been deleted. from the HECT domain stricto sensu.
- a nucleic acid as defined above can further be characterized in that the HECT domain polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide is fused with a heterologous polypeptide, for example a detectable marker or the GAL4 protein.
- the invention also relates to recombinant vectors, for cloning or expression, containing a nucleic acid according to the invention, where appropriate under the control of a regulatory sequence allowing its expression in a chosen host cell.
- the subject of the invention is also a polypeptide with a domain
- HECT comprising an amino acid sequence chosen from sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11, a fragment or variant of this polypeptide, as well as antibodies directed against this polypeptide or else the fragment or variant of that -ci .. It also relates to methods of cell or cell screening of candidate compounds interacting with a polypeptide with HECT domain as defined above.
- It also relates to methods of screening for candidate compounds modulating the strength of the interaction between an HECT domain polypeptide according to the invention and a substrate protein, as well as to methods of screening for candidate compounds capable of inhibiting or activating the ubiquitin ligase activity of the HECT domain protein specified by the polypeptide under consideration.
- composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a nucleic acid or of a recombinant vector as defined above, in combination with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide according to the invention, in combination with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- any conventional technique of molecular biology, microbiology and recombinant DNA known to those skilled in the art can be used. Such techniques are described for example by SAMBROOK et al. (1989), GLOVER (1985), GAIT (1984),
- any nucleic acid and any polypeptide according to the invention are in an isolated or purified form.
- isolated in the sense of the present invention designates a biological material which has been removed from its original environment (the environment in which it is naturally located).
- a naturally occurring polynucleotide in a plant is not isolated.
- the same polynucleotide separated from the adjacent nucleic acids within which it is naturally inserted into the genome of the plant is isolated.
- Such a polynucleotide may be included in a vector and / or such a polynucleotide may be included in a composition and nevertheless remain in an isolated state since the vector or the composition does not constitute its natural environment.
- purified does not require that the material be present in a form of absolute purity, exclusive of the presence of other compounds. Rather, it is a relative definition.
- a polynucleotide or a polypeptide is in the purified state after purification of the starting material or the natural material of at least one order of magnitude, preferably 2 or 3 and preferably four or five orders of magnitude.
- nucleotide sequence can be used to denote either a polynucleotide or a nucleic acid.
- nucleotide sequence encompasses the genetic material itself and is therefore not limited to information regarding its sequence.
- nucleic acid refers to any organic acid
- polynucleotide refers to any organic compound
- oligonucleotide or “nucleotide sequence” includes RNA, DNA, cDNA or hybrid sequences
- nucleotide designates both natural nucleotides (A, T, G, C) as well as modified nucleotides which comprise at least one modification such as (i) an analog of a purine, (ii) an analog of d 'a pyrimidine, or (iii) a similar sugar, such modified nucleotides being described for example in PCT application No. WO 95/04064.
- a first polynucleotide is considered to be "complementary" to a second polynucleotide when each base of the first nucleotide is paired with the base complementary to the second polynucleotide whose orientation is reversed.
- the complementary bases are A and T (or A and U), and C and G.
- a first nucleic acid having at least 95% identity with a second reference nucleic acid will have at least 95%, preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99 %, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8% or 99.9% identity nucleotides with this second reference polynucleotide, the percentage of identity between two sequences being determined as described below.
- the "percentage of identity" between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences can be determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences, through a comparison window.
- the part of the nucleotide or polypeptide sequence in the comparison window can thus include additions or deletions (for example "gaps") with respect to the reference sequence (which does not include these additions or these deletions) so as to obtain an optimal alignment of the two sequences.
- the percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which an identical nucleic base or amino acid residue is observed for the two sequences (nucleic or peptide) compared, then by dividing the number of positions at which there is identity between the two bases or amino acid residues compared, by the total number of positions in the comparison window, then multiplying the result by one hundred to obtain the percentage of sequence identity.
- the optimal alignment of the sequences for the comparison can be carried out by computer using known algorithms.
- the percentage of sequence identity is determined using the BLAST software (BLAST version 2.06 of September 1998), using exclusively the default parameters.
- a nucleic acid having at least 95% nucleotide identity with a nucleic acid according to the invention includes the "variants" of a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- variant of a nucleic acid according to the invention is meant a nucleic acid which differs from the reference nucleic acid by one or more substitutions, additions or deletions of a nucleotide, relative to the nucleic acid of reference.
- a variant of a nucleic acid according to the invention can be of natural origin, such as an allelic variant which exists naturally. Such a variant nucleic acid can also be an unnatural nucleic acid obtained, for example, by mutagenesis techniques.
- the differences between the reference nucleic acid and the "variant" nucleic acid are reduced so that the reference nucleic acid and the variant nucleic acid have very similar nucleotide sequences and, in many regions , identical.
- the nucleotide modifications present in a variant nucleic acid can be silent, which means that they do not affect the amino acid sequence which can be encoded by this variant nucleic acid.
- Changes in nucleotides in the variant nucleic acid can also result in substitutions, additions or deletions of one or more amino acids in the sequence of the polypeptide which can be encoded by this variant nucleic acid.
- a variant nucleic acid according to the invention comprising an open reading phase, code for a polypeptide which retains the same function or the same biological activity as the polypeptide coded by the reference nucleic acid.
- a variant nucleic acid according to the invention and which comprises an open reading phase code for a polypeptide which retains the ability to be recognized by antibodies directed against the polypeptide encoded by the reference nucleic acid.
- fragment of a nucleic acid according to the invention is meant a nucleotide sequence of a reduced length compared to the reference nucleic acid, the nucleic acid fragment having a nucleotide sequence identical to the nucleotide sequence of the reference nucleic acid on the common part.
- Such fragments of a nucleic acid according to the invention have at least 12, 15, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000 , 2000 or 3000 consecutive nucleotides of the reference nucleic acid, the maximum length in nucleotides of a fragment of a nucleic acid according to the invention being of course limited by the maximum length in nucleotides of the reference nucleic acid.
- fragment of a polypeptide with an HECT domain means a polypeptide fragment of reduced length compared to the reference polypeptide, the polypeptide fragment having an amino acid sequence identical to the amino acid sequence of reference polypeptide on the common part.
- Such fragments of a HECT domain polypeptide according to the invention have at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 , 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, or 390 consecutive amino acids of a polypeptide with reference HECT domain
- hybridization conditions within the meaning of the invention, is meant the following hybridization conditions:
- Pre-hybridization same conditions as for hybridization duration: 1 night.
- the parameters defining the stringency conditions depend on the temperature at which 50% of the paired strands separate (Tm).
- Tm is defined by the relation:
- Tm 81.5 + 0.41 (% G + C) +16.6 Log (cation concentration) - 0.63 (% formamide) - (600 / number of bases) (SAMBROOK et al., (1989) , pages 9.54-9.62).
- Tm 4 (G + C) + 2 (A + T).
- the hybridization temperature is approximately 5 to 30 ° C, preferably 5 to 10 ° C below Tm.
- hybridization conditions described above are used for the hybridization of a nucleic acid 20 bases in length and can be adapted as a function of the length of the nucleic acid whose hybridization is sought or of the type chosen marking, according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- the suitable hybridization conditions can for example be adapted according to the teaching contained in the work of HAMES and HIGGINS (1985) or also in the work of AUSUBEL et al. (1989).
- the level and the specificity of hybridization depend on different parameters, such as: a) the purity of the preparation of the nucleic acid on which the probe or the primer is to hybridize; b) the base composition of the probe or of the primer, the GC base pairs having greater thermal stability than the A-T or AU base pairs; c) the length of the homologous base sequence between the probe or the primer and the nucleic acid; d) ionic strength: the rate of hybridization increases with increasing ionic strength and the duration of the incubation time; e) the incubation temperature; f) the concentration of the nucleic acid on which the probe or the primer is to hybridize; g) the presence of denaturing agents, such as agents promoting the breaking of hydrogen bonds, such as formamide or urea, which
- Figure 1 illustrates the alignment of the amino acid sequences corresponding to the HECT domain of the various proteins according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of proteins with an HECT domain. The putative protein-protein interaction domains are shown. The double slash indicates that the corresponding complementary DNAs are incomplete in 5 'and / or in 3'.
- HECT means Homologous to E6-AP Carboxyl-Terminus
- WW means domain with two conserved Trp residues
- C2 means binding motif of Ca 2+ or certain types of lipids
- RC1 means Regulator of Chromosome Condensation
- IQ means small motif of binding of calmodulin with Ile and Gin residues
- RING means a zinc finger-like motif.
- HECT domain polypeptides involved in the ubiquitination of cellular proteins, an important step in the protein degradation pathway.
- the characterization of these new HECT domain polypeptides according to the invention makes it possible to develop new diagnostic tools for the detection of alterations in the biological activity of ubiquitin ligase with HECT domain and new therapeutic tools intended to prevent or correct these alterations in the biological activity of ubiquitin ligases with a HECT domain.
- the new HECT domain polypeptides according to the invention are the following polypeptides:
- the HECT9 polypeptide has sequence homology with the Pub1 protein of S. pombe.
- a first subject of the invention consists of a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide with an HECT domain chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11, or for a fragment or a variant of the polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11.
- the HECT domain polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid as defined above consists of an amino acid sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11 , or for a variant or fragment of this polypeptide.
- a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide with an HECT domain comprises a polynucleotide chosen from the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, as well as the nucleotide sequences which are derived therefrom and which comprise the open reading frame contained in the sequences SEQ ID N ° 12 to SEQ ID N ° 22.
- Another object of the invention therefore consists of a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence chosen from the following sequences:
- nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 184 to the nucleotide at position 4899 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 21 (hect25);
- nucleic acids also form part of the invention: a) a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence chosen from the group of sequences SEQ
- nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, or a fragment or a variant thereof; c) a nucleic acid having at least 95% nucleotide identity with a nucleic acid chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22 or a fragment or a variant thereof; d) a nucleic acid hybridizing, under high stringency hybridization conditions, with a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, or a fragment or a variant thereof.
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising the HECT domain of a HECT domain polypeptide as defined above. It also relates to a polypeptide consisting of the HECT domain of a polypeptide according to the invention.
- polypeptide comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence chosen from the following sequences: a) the sequence going from the amino acid in position 1248 to the amino acid in position 1585 SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the sequence extending from amino acid at position 1259 to amino acid at position 1624 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 2; c) the sequence extending from the amino acid in position 230 to the amino acid in position 567 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 3; d) the sequence going from the amino acid at position 1153 to the amino acid at position 1620 of the sequence SEQ ID No.
- a person skilled in the art can, for example, carry out an enzymatic digestion of the nucleic acid coding for the polypeptide considered using the flanking restriction sites, for example according to the technique described by MRGOTTIN et al. (Margottin F. et al., 1998, Molecular cell, 1: 565-574).
- nucleic acids encoding a HECT domain polypeptide as defined above can be easily obtained by a person skilled in the art, for example from a sample of human DNA or also from from a human DNA library, using primers specific for one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, for example by PCR amplification.
- a variant of a polypeptide with an HECT domain according to the invention in which the HECT domain has been completely or partially deleted, or mutated can be sought in the case where it is desired to obtain a reduction or a blocking of the degradation of the specific substrate.
- Such a variant of a HECT domain polypeptide according to the invention can retain its capacity to interact specifically with the substrate, but is no longer capable of ubiquitinating this substrate.
- the invention therefore also relates to a nucleic acid coding for a variant of a polypeptide with an HECT domain as defined above, in the sequence of which all or part of the sequence of the HECT domain has been deleted .
- partial deletion of the HECT domain is meant the deletion of at least 2, preferably at least 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 , 26, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340 or 350 consecutive amino acids of the sequence of the HECT domain of a polypeptide according to the invention, the length of the deletion being limited by the length in amino acids of an HECT domain in each of the HECT domain polypeptides according to the invention.
- the nucleic acid coding for a variant of a HECT domain polypeptide in the sequence of which the sequence of the HECT domain has been completely or partially deleted is chosen from the following nucleic acids: a) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 12 in which the sequence from the amino acid in position 1248 to the amino acid in position 1585 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 12 has been totally or partially deleted; b) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 13 in which the sequence ranging from the amino acid in position 1259 to the amino acid in position 1624 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 13; c) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No.
- sequence SEQ ID No. 14 in which the sequence extending from the amino acid in position 230 to the amino acid in position 567 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 14 has been totally or partially deleted; d) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 15 in which the sequence from the amino acid at position 1153 to the amino acid at position 1620 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 15 has been totally or partially deleted; e) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 16 in which the sequence from amino acid at position 742 to amino acid at position 1083 of sequence SEQ ID No. 16 has been totally or partially deleted; f) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 17 in which the sequence from the amino acid at position 481 to the amino acid at position 823 of the sequence SEQ ID No.
- this nucleic acid is characterized in that it codes for a polypeptide with an HECT domain, or a variant or a fragment of this polypeptide, which is fused with a polypeptide heterologous.
- heterologous polypeptide is meant an amino acid sequence which is not naturally expressed by the cell in a form chemically linked to a polypeptide with an HECT domain as defined above.
- the heterologous polypeptide consists of a polypeptide capable of binding selectively to a support, such as glutathione S transferase or GST, bine known to those skilled in the art.
- the heterologous polypeptide consists of a detectable polypeptide, for example a fluorescent polypeptide such as the GFP and YFP proteins, well known to those skilled in the art.
- the heterologous polypeptide consists of a fluorescence acceptor or donor polypeptide usable in systems for detecting interactions by fluorescence energy transfer (or FRET for “Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer”).
- the heterologous polypeptide consists of a first protein partner which, when it interacts specifically with a second protein partner, has the capacity to bind to a nucleic acid motif regulating the transcription of a reporter gene.
- a polypeptide can be, for example, the GAL4 protein or the LexA protein.
- this nucleic acid comprises a regulatory polynucleotide controlling the expression of the HECT domain polypeptide or of its fragment or variant, optionally fused to a heterologous polypeptide, in a host cell.
- Illustrative examples of preferred regulatory polynucleotides according to the invention are listed below in the descriptive part of the preferred recombinant vectors.
- nucleic acid whose sequence is complementary to one of the nucleic acids as defined in the present description.
- nucleic acid according to the invention can be inserted into a vector for cloning purposes or for expression purposes.
- the invention also relates to a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid coding for a HECT domain polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, optionally fused with a heterologous polypeptide and for which said nucleic acid has been artificially inserted into the vector.
- a recombinant vector will comprise a nucleic acid chosen from the following nucleic acids: a) a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No.
- nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, or a fragment or variant thereof c) a nucleic acid having at least 95% identity in nucleotides with a nucleic acid chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22 or a fragment or a variant thereof; d) a nucleic acid hybridizing, under high stringency hybridization conditions, with a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, or a fragment or a variant thereof.
- vector within the meaning of the present invention is meant a circular or linear DNA or RNA molecule which is either in the form of single strand or double strand.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention is used in order to amplify the nucleic acid which is inserted therein after transformation or transfection of the desired cellular host.
- these are expression vectors comprising, in addition to a nucleic acid according to the invention, regulatory sequences making it possible to direct their transcription and / or translation.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention will notably comprise the following elements:
- elements for regulating the expression of the nucleic acid to be inserted such as promoters and enhancers;
- the recombinant vectors according to the invention may include one or more origins of replication in cellular hosts in which their amplification or expression is sought, markers or selection markers.
- the bacterial promoters may be the Lad, LacZ promoters, the promoters of the RNA polymerase of bacteriophage T3 or T7, the PR or PL promoters of phage lambda.
- Promoters for eukaryotic cells will include the HSV virus thymidine kinase promoter or the mouse metallothionein-L promoter.
- the preferred bacterial vectors according to the invention are for example the vectors pBR322 (ATCC37017) or also vectors such as pAA223-3 (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden), and pGEMI (Promega Biotech, Madison. WI, UNITED STATES).
- baculovirus type vectors such as the vector pVL1392 / 1393 (Pharmingen) used to transfect cells of the Sf9 line (ATCC No. CRL 1711) derived from Spodoptera frugiperda.
- adenoviral vectors such as human adenovirus type 2 or 5.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention can also be a retroviral vector or also an adeno-associated vector (AAV).
- AAV adeno-associated vector
- Such adeno-associated vectors are for example described by FLOTTE et al.
- the invention also relates to a recombinant host cell which has been artificially transfected or transformed by a nucleic acid or by a recombinant vector as defined above.
- a recombinant host cell according to the invention is a eukaryotic cell, and very preferably a recombinant human host cell.
- the preferred host cells according to the invention are for example the following: a) prokaryotic host cells: strains E'Escherichia coli (strain DH5- ⁇ ), of Bacillus subtilis, of Salmonella typhimurium, or also strains of species such as Pseudomonas , Streptomyces and Staphylococus; b) eukaryotic host cells: HeLa cells (ATCC No. CCL2), Cv 1 cells (ATCC No. CCL70), COS cells (ATCC No. CRL 1650), Sf-9 cells (ATCC No. CRL 1711), CHO cells ( ATCC N ° CCL-61) or 3T3 cells (ATCC NXRL-6361).
- prokaryotic host cells strains E'Escherichia coli (strain DH5- ⁇ ), of Bacillus subtilis, of Salmonella typhimurium, or also strains of species such as Pseudomonas , Streptomyces and Staphyloc
- the invention relates to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence chosen from the group consisting of peptides of sequences SEQ ID N c 1 to SEQ ID No 11, or a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, optionally fused with a heterologous polypeptide .
- the invention relates to a polypeptide with an HECT domain, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, optionally fused with a heterologous polypeptide, characterized in that it is encoded by a nucleic acid as defined in the present description.
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising at least
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95% amino acid identity with an amino acid sequence chosen from the group consisting of peptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID N ° 11, or a fragment or variant of this polypeptide.
- polypeptides according to the present invention are in an isolated or purified form.
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising amino acid modifications of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 to 20 substitutions, additions or deletions of an amino acid with respect to the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide of sequences SEQ ID N ° 1 to SEQ ID
- the invention also relates to a process for the production of one of the polypeptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11 or a peptide fragment or a variant thereof, said method comprising the steps of: a) inserting a nucleic acid encoding said polypeptide into an appropriate vector; b) cultivating, in an appropriate culture medium, a host cell previously transformed or transfected with the recombinant vector of step a); c) recovering the conditioned culture medium or lysing the host cell, for example by sonication or by osmotic shock; d) separating and purifying from said culture medium or also from the cell lysates obtained in step c), said polypeptide; e) where appropriate, characterize the recombinant polypeptide produced.
- the peptides according to the invention can be characterized by attachment to an immunoaffinity chromatography column on which the antibodies directed against this polypeptide or against a fragment or a variant of the latter have been immobilized beforehand.
- a recombinant polypeptide according to the invention can be purified by passage through an appropriate series of chromatography columns, according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
- a polypeptide according to the invention can also be prepared by conventional techniques of chemical synthesis either in homogeneous solution or solid phase.
- a polypeptide according to the invention can be prepared by the technique or in a homogeneous solution described by HOUBEN WEYL (1974) or also the solid phase synthesis technique described by MERRIFIELD (1965a; 1965b).
- polypeptides called “homologous” to any of the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11, or their fragments or variants.
- Such homologous polypeptides have amino acid sequences having one or more substitutions of an amino acid with an equivalent amino acid, relative to the reference polypeptides.
- the equivalent amino acid according to the present invention will be understood, for example replacement of a residue in the L form with a residue in the D form or alternatively the replacement of a glutamic acid (E) by a pyro-glutamic acid according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- E glutamic acid
- two amino acids belonging to the same class are also considered to be equivalent amino acids, that is to say two amino acids, basic, non-polar or even uncharged polar.
- polypeptides comprising at least one non-peptide bond such as a retro-inverso bond (NHCO), a carba bond (CH 2 CH 2 ) or even a ketomethylene bond (CO-CH 2 ).
- NHCO retro-inverso bond
- carba bond CH 2 CH 2
- CO-CH 2 ketomethylene bond
- the polypeptides according to the invention comprising one or more additions, deletions, substitutions of at least one amino acid will retain their capacity to be recognized by antibodies directed against the unmodified polypeptides.
- polypeptides will also retain their ability to recognize their specific substrate and / or potential partners with which they bind.
- polypeptides according to the invention in particular the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 11 or the fragments and variants thereof as well as the homologous peptides can be used for the preparation of antibodies .
- antibody within the meaning of the present invention, is meant in particular polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies or fragments (for example fragments F (ab) ' 2 , Fab) or any polypeptide comprising a domain of the initial antibody recognizing the polypeptide or the target polypeptide fragment according to the invention.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be prepared from hybridomas using the technique described by KOHLER and MILSTEIN (1975).
- the present invention also relates to antibodies directed against a polypeptide as described above or a fragment or a variant thereof, as produced in the trioma technique or also the hybridoma technique described by KOZBOR et al. (1983).
- the invention also relates to fragments of single chain Fv antibody (ScFv) as described in US Patent No. 4,946,778 or by MARTINEAU et al. (1998).
- the antibodies according to the invention also include fragments of antibodies obtained using phage banks RIDDER et al., (1995) or even humanized antibodies REIMANN et al. (1997); LEGER et al., (1997).
- the antibody preparations according to the invention are useful in immunological detection tests intended to identify the presence and / or the quantity of antigens present in a sample.
- An antibody according to the invention may also comprise an detectable isotopic or non-isotopic marker, for example fluorescent or also be coupled to a molecule such as biotin, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- an detectable isotopic or non-isotopic marker for example fluorescent or also be coupled to a molecule such as biotin, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the subject of the mention is furthermore a method for detecting the presence of a polypeptide in accordance with the invention in a sample, said method comprising the steps of: described above; b) detecting the antigen / antibody complex formed.
- the invention also relates to a kit or kit for diagnosis or for the detection of the presence of a polypeptide according to the invention in a sample, said kit comprising: a) an antibody as defined above; b) a reagent allowing the detection of the antigen / antibody complexes formed.
- nucleic acid fragments derived from any of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22 are useful for detecting the presence of at least one copy of a nucleotide sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22 or a fragment or a variant thereof in a sample.
- the nucleotide probes or primers according to the invention comprise at least eight consecutive nucleotides of a nucleic acid chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, or of a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- nucleotide probes or primers according to the invention will have a length of 10, 12, 15, 18 or 20 to 25, 35, 40, 50, 70, 80, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500 consecutive nucleotides d a nucleic acid according to the invention, in particular a nucleic acid of nucleotide sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22 or of a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- a probe or a nucleotide primer according to the invention will consist and / or include fragments with a length of 12, 15, 18, 20, 25, 35, 40, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500 nucleotides consecutive of a nucleic acid according to the invention, more particularly of a nucleic acid chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, or of a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- the definition of a probe and of a nucleotide primer according to the invention therefore includes oligonucleotides which hybridize, under the conditions of high stringency hybridization defined above, with a nucleic acid chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22 or with a sequence complementary to these.
- a primer or a nucleotide probe according to the invention can be prepared by any suitable method well known to those skilled in the art, including by cloning and action of restriction enzymes or also by direct chemical synthesis according to techniques such as the method to the phosphodiester of NARANG et al. (1979) or BROWN et al. (1979), the diethylphosphoramidite method of BEAUCAGE et al. (1980) or still the technique on solid support described in patent EU N ⁇ P 0
- Each of the nucleic acids according to the invention can be labeled, if desired, by incorporating a label detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical or even chemical means.
- markers can consist of radioactive isotopes ( 32 P, 33 P,, 3 H, 35 S,), fluorescent molecules (5-bromodeoxyuridine, fluorescein, acetylaminofluorene, digoxigenin) or also ligands such as biotin .
- the labeling of the probes is preferably done by incorporation of labeled molecules within the polynucleotides by extension of primers, or else by addition on the 5 ′ or 3 ′ ends.
- the oligonucleotide probes according to the invention can be used in particular in hybridizations of Southern type with genomic DNA or in hybridizations with the corresponding messenger RNA when the expression of the corresponding transcript is sought in a sample.
- the probes according to the invention can also be used for the detection of PCR amplification products or even for the detection of mismatches.
- Nucleotide probes or primers according to the invention can be immobilized on a solid support.
- solid supports are well known to those skilled in the art and include surfaces of the wells of microtiter plates, polystyrene beds, magnetic beds, nitrocellulose strips, or even microparticles such as latex particles.
- the present invention also relates to a method for detecting the presence of a nucleic acid as described above in a sample, said method comprising the steps of:
- the oligonucleotide probe (s) are immobilized on a support.
- the oligonucleotide probes include a detectable marker.
- the invention further relates to a kit or kit for detecting the presence of a nucleic acid according to the invention in a sample, said kit comprising: a) one or more nucleotide probes as described above; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the hybridization reaction.
- the detection kit or kit is characterized in that the probe or probes are immobilized on a support.
- the detection kit or kit is characterized in that the oligonucleotide probes comprise a detectable marker.
- such a kit will comprise a plurality of oligonucleotide probes in accordance with the invention which can be used to detect target sequences of interest or alternatively to detect mutations in the coding regions or the non-coding regions of the nucleic acids according to the invention, more particularly nucleic acids of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22 or the nucleic acids of complementary sequence.
- the probes according to the invention immobilized on a support can be ordered in matrices such as "DNA chips".
- matrices such as "DNA chips”.
- nucleotide primers according to the invention can be used to amplify any of the nucleic acids according to the invention, and more particularly all or part of a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22, or again a variant of it.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method for the amplification of a nucleic acid according to the invention, and more particularly a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No.
- said method comprising the steps of: a) bringing the sample into contact in which the presence of the target nucleic acid is suspected with a pair of nucleotide primers whose hybridization position is localized respectively on the 5 ′ side and on the 3 ′ side of the region of the target nucleic acid whose amplification is sought, in the presence of the reagents necessary for the amplification reaction; and b) detection of the amplified nucleic acids.
- the subject of the invention is also a kit or kit for the amplification of a nucleic acid according to the invention, and more particularly all or part of a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 22 , said kit or kit comprising: a) a pair of nucleotide primers in accordance with the invention, the hybridization position of which is located respectively on the 5 ′ side and on the 3 ′ side of the target nucleic acid, the amplification of which is sought; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the amplification reaction.
- Such an amplification kit or kit will advantageously comprise at least one pair of nucleotide primers as described above. Screening processes
- the invention also relates to methods of screening for candidate compounds interacting with a HECT domain polypeptide as defined in the present description.
- the first step towards using proteins from the HECT domain as a therapeutic target is the identification of the substrates targeted for degradation by these components.
- the identification and characterization of these targets can in particular provide essential information on the biological mechanisms in which they intervene.
- the methods for identifying the polypeptides which interact with the HECT domain proteins of the present invention are varied and include the double hybrid experiments in yeast as well as the phage display methods; these methods have the advantage that the nucleic sequence coding for the interacting peptides is identified simultaneously, unlike other more biochemical methods which require protein sequencing.
- the double hybrid in yeast can be used to screen a mammalian (human) cDNA expression library, where a cDNA is fused to the DNA binding domain or the activator domain of GAL4, and nucleic acid encoding the peptide of interest, like the target protein, is also fused either to the activator domain or to the DNA binding domain of GAL4 respectively (Gyuris et al., 1993).
- the double hybrid was developed to detect specific protein-protein interactions.
- One aspect of the present invention is to use a protein to detect interactants.
- This protein which can be an HECT domain protein (truncated or not), is used as bait to identify one or more potential target substrates.
- target substrates of interest can be used to identify the ubiquitin ligase or the ubiquitin ligase complex responsible for its degradation.
- the target polypeptide (s) can also be identified by "phage display” technology.
- a phage display bank is a protein expression library constructed in a phage type vector which expresses a collection of cloned protein sequences in fusion with a protein of the phage wall. This particular construction allows expression of the fusion protein outside of the phage particle. This arrangement therefore promotes interaction between the recombinant protein exposed at the level of the wall and an immobilized ligand protein.
- the HECT domain protein is for example immobilized on a solid matrix and a solution containing the phages is passed over this support. The phages selected and the nature of the protein they express are then analyzed.
- the target partners of a protein with an HECT domain can also be identified in the following manner.
- a peptide corresponding to a protein with an HECT domain concerned by the present invention which has undergone or not post-translational modifications is immobilized on a resin, for example an activated resin NHS-sepharose® (pharmacia).
- a cell lysate, for example of HELA cells or other suitable cells is fractionated on the affinity column prepared according to a standard method. After washing, the proteins retained on the column are eluted by increasing the ionic strength of the washes or by competitive elution with peptides representing the HECT domain in part or in whole.
- the cellular proteins are then identified by one or other of the combinations of techniques mentioned below: fractionation on SDS PAGE gel, whether or not followed by a western-blot, once purified from the gel and optionally partially hydrolyzed, the proteins may be further characterized using peptide micro-sequencing or MALDI-TOF analysis.
- the invention also relates to a method for screening candidate compounds binding to a HECT domain polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) bringing a HECT domain polypeptide into contact as defined above with at least one candidate compound to be tested; b) detecting the complexes possibly formed between said polypeptide and the candidate compound (s).
- the above screening method can further be characterized in that it comprises the following additional step: c) characterizing the candidate compound (s) having formed a complex with the HECT domain polypeptide.
- the HECT domain polypeptide is immobilized beforehand on a support.
- the candidate compound (s) are initially contained in the cell lysate of a culture of eukaryotic cells, preferably human cells.
- the candidate compound is the expression product of a phage constituting a combinatorial collection of phage clones ("phage display").
- the invention also relates to a method for screening candidate compounds binding to a polypeptide with an HECT domain, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) cultivating a recombinant host cell as defined above in a medium appropriate culture, so that said host cell produces an HECT domain polypeptide according to the invention; b) detecting the complexes possibly formed between the HECT domain polypeptide and other compounds produced by the host cell.
- said method is characterized in that it is a double-hybrid system in which the host cell transfected in step a) is transfected with an acid nucleic acid coding for an HECT domain polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide which is fused with a heterologous polypeptide, said heterologous polypeptide consisting of a first protein partner which, when it interacts specifically with a second protein partner, has the capacity to bind to a nucleic acid motif regulating the transcription of a reporter gene, for use in systems for detecting interactions of the “double-hybrid” type well known to those skilled in the art job.
- a polypeptide can be, for example, the GAL4 protein or the LexA protein.
- the recombinant host cell is also co-transfected with a nucleic acid encoding the candidate compound in a form fused with the second protein partner mentioned above.
- the interaction between the HECT domain polypeptide, or its fragment or its variant, and the candidate compound is detected by visualization of the activation or on the contrary of the inhibition of the reporter gene also contained in the recombinant host cell. co-transfected.
- the invention also relates to a compound binding to a polypeptide with an HECT domain as described above, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained by one of the screening methods above.
- the invention also relates to methods for screening for compounds modulating the interaction between a HECT domain polypeptide and a specific target protein, or alternatively between a HECT domain polypeptide and one or more possible protein partners.
- the present invention provides methods for identifying drugs that are either agonists or antagonists of normal cellular function of HECT domain proteins, or of the role of HECT domain proteins in the pathogenesis of normal cell proliferation and / or differentiation or abnormal caused by the ubiquitination of a protein by a process dependent on a protein with an HECT domain.
- the tests assess the ability of a compound to modulate the association and / or ubiquitination of a target protein (cellular or viral) by a protein with an HECT domain.
- modulators can be used for example in the treatment of proliferative disorders or differentials, to modulate apoptosis and in the treatment of viral infections.
- Methodologies which allow the ubiquitination of a target protein by a pathway dependent on HECT domain proteins include acellular systems, using for example purified proteins or lysates, as well as cellular systems using intact cells (mammalian cells, human, insect or yeast). Single binding experiments can also be used to detect agents that prevent ubiquitination by binding, for example, to the substrate or to the HECT domain protein.
- the agents tested to be inhibitors can be produced by bacteria, yeasts or other organisms (natural products) or chemically produced (small nucleic or chemical molecules). In many drug screening programs that test compound banks, high throughput assays are preferred in order to maximize the number of compounds tested in the same experiment.
- These methods can be used to identify compounds capable of interacting with a HECT domain protein or one of its partners to modify the activity of the HECT domain protein or of its partner.
- a compound can for example modify the structure of a protein with an HECT domain or of its partner and therefore affect its activity.
- These tests can also be used to identify compounds which modulate the interaction of the HECT domain protein and a partner of this protein.
- Such a system has been used to reconstruct, for example, the polyubiquitination of the p53 protein by E6-AP (Yabuki, N. et al., 1999).
- These tests essentially consist of a reaction mixture comprising the HECT domain protein, the compound to be tested or a library of compounds in the presence or absence of the binding partner.
- the compounds tested can be a derivative of the HECT domain protein partner, for example an inactive target peptide, or a small chemical or nucleic molecule (aptamers).
- An example of screening of this invention could consist in detecting the formation of a complex between a protein with HECT domain of the invention and one of its partners in the presence of a compound or of a library of compounds.
- the molecule can be labeled with a specific marker, and the compound (s) with a different marker.
- the interaction of the compound with the HECT domain protein or the HECT domain protein partner can be detected by determining the level of the two labels after an incubation and washing step. If the two markings are present this means that there has been interaction.
- An interaction between two molecules can also be determined using real-time biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) which detects surface plasmon resonance, an optical phenomenon. Detection depends on changes in the mass concentration of macromolecules on the interface, and does not require any prior labeling.
- a bank of test compounds can be immobilized on a sensitive surface. A solution containing the HECT domain protein or a partner of this protein is then poured continuously onto this surface. A change in the detectable resonance angle by recording the signals indicates that an interaction has occurred. This technique is described in the BIAtechnology book by Pharmacia.
- Another example of a screening experiment of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) carrying out a reaction mixture comprising, a protein with HECT domain, a partner for this protein, and a compound to be tested; (b) detecting the interaction between the HECT domain protein and its partner.
- This HECT domain protein and its partner can be produced by recombinant technology, be purified or chemically synthesized.
- a significant statistical change (activation or inhibition) in the interaction of the HECT domain protein and its partner in the presence of a compound indicates a potential agonist (mimetic or activator) or antagonist (inhibitor).
- the effectiveness of the compound can be tested by performing dose-response studies using different concentrations of the compound.
- the formation of a complex between an HECT domain protein and its partner can be detected by a variety of techniques.
- the modulation of the formation of the complexes can be quantified using for example labeled proteins detectable by means of radiolabelling, fluorescent or enzymatic labeling.
- the connection can be carried out in microtitration plates, test tubes, microtubes, any dish making it possible to contain the different reagents.
- a fusion protein can be produced which allows the protein to bind to a matrix.
- HECT / GST (glutathione S transferase) fusion proteins can be adsorbed on sepharose beads which are then placed in the presence of the 35 S labeled partner and the test compound.
- This mixture is incubated under conditions favorable to the formation of the complex, physiological conditions in terms of salt and pH for example. After this incubation, the beads are washed to remove any unbound material, the matrix immobilized and the radioactivity determined directly (the beads are placed in scintillation liquid for example), or in the supernatant after dissociation of the complexes.
- the complexes can also be dissociated from the matrix, separated by an SDS-PAGE type electrophoresis, and the level of HECT or partner domain protein found in the bead fraction quantified on gel using standard electrophoresis techniques.
- the interaction between two molecules can also be determined using the FRET (Fluorescence resonance energy transfer) technique.
- FRET Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- the principle is based on the fact that the energy transfer which occurs between two fluorophores when they are close ( ⁇ 10nm), and that the emission spectrum of the first fluorophore (the donor) covers the excitation spectrum of the second (the acceptor).
- a close association between two adapted fluorophores and the excitation of the donor therefore results in an increase in the fluorescence of the acceptor and / or a decrease donor fluorescence by FRET (Herman, 1989).
- This technique can in particular be applied to the study of the interaction between HECT domain proteins and their substrates and be used to identify inhibitors or activators of the interaction. Since FRET is a non-destructive spectroscopic method for measuring molecular interactions, it can be performed on living cells.
- the invention therefore also relates to a method for screening for compounds modulating the interaction between a polypeptide with an HECT domain and a partner, comprising the following steps: a) bringing a polypeptide with an HECT domain as defined above into contact above, a partner protein and the candidate compound to be tested; b) detecting the complexes possibly formed between the HECT domain polypeptide and the partner protein.
- the invention also provides cellular experimental methods for identifying agonist or antagonist agents modulating the activity of HECT domain proteins.
- the effect of a compound on the expression of a gene encoding an HECT domain protein can be determined by transfection experiments using a reporter gene.
- This reporter gene can be any gene encoding a quantifiable protein, for example luciferase or the CAT gene. The level of expression of this reporter gene is then determined in the presence or absence of the compound.
- Cell tests which can be used to detect inhibitors of ubiquitin ligase activities have already been described which use proteins fused to GFP as substrates (Dantuma, N., 2000).
- yeast yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., yeast e.g., 1993
- natural peptides for example from an expression library cDNA
- synthetic from a random reading frame expression library
- This interacting polypeptide can then be used to detect an increase or decrease in its interaction with the HECT domain protein, thus allowing the identification of agonists or antagonists.
- the conjugation system can be performed in whole cells, taking advantage of cell culture techniques.
- the conjugation system can be formed in a cultured eukaryotic cell system, including mammalian and yeast cells.
- the advantages of carrying out the experiment in an intact cell include the possibility of detecting inhibitors which are functional in an environment closer to that which the therapeutic use of the inhibitor will require, including the agent's ability to enter the cell.
- some of the in vivo experiments are compatible with large-scale analysis, as indicated below.
- the components of the ubiquitin conjugation system can be endogenous to the cell selected to perform the experiment. Otherwise, some or all of the components may come from exogenous sources.
- fusion proteins can be introduced into the cell by recombinant techniques (such as the use of an expression vector), or by microinjecting into the cell the fusion protein itself or the mRNA encoding it. protein.
- the cell is only manipulated after incubation with a candidate inhibitor in order to facilitate the detection of ubiquitination or the degradation of the target.
- the effectiveness of the inhibitor candidate is evaluated by measuring direct characteristics of the target protein, such as the change in molecular weight by electrophoretic methods, or by detection in a binding test.
- the cell must be lysed at the end of the incubation with the candidate agent, and the lysate manipulated in a detection step in the same manner as above.
- the use of a reporter gene may also prove to be judicious.
- a reporter gene includes any gene that expresses a detectable product, in the form of RNA or protein.
- the preferred reporter genes are those that are directly detectable. This reporter gene can be included in a construct in the form of a fusion gene with the target protein of interest.
- reporter genes include the CAT (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) gene (Alton and Vapnek, 1979), luciferase, and other enzyme detection systems such as beta-galactosidase, bacterial luciferase, alkaline phosphatase, etc.
- the product of the reporter gene is detected by an intrinsic activity associated with this product, for example, the reporter gene can encode the product of a gene with activity detectable by color, fluorescence, or luminescence.
- the level of expression of the reporter gene is then compared to the level of expression in the same cell in the absence of the test compound. The slightest statistical or other difference indicates that the compound has somehow altered the activity of the ligase.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for screening for compounds modulating the interaction between a HECT domain polypeptide and a partner protein, comprising the following steps: a) co-transfect or co-transform a recombinant host cell according to one claims 11 or 12 with a vector encoding a partner protein in a double-hybrid system; b) incubating the host cell obtained in step a) with the candidate compound to be tested; c) detecting modifications in the interaction between the HECT domain polypeptide and the partner protein.
- the invention also relates to a compound modulating the interaction between a HECT domain polypeptide as defined above and a partner protein, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained according to the screening method above .
- the invention therefore provides means for stabilizing the target of an ubiquitin ligase in vivo by preventing its ubiquitination and therefore its degradation. In other words, these inhibitors prevent the interaction of ubiquitin ligase with a target polypeptide.
- the inhibitor is a small molecule.
- the mechanism of inhibition can be competitive or non-competitive, and the target polypeptide can be a cellular protein, a protein encoded by a pathogenic organism.
- Effective competitive inhibitors can, for example, prevent the interaction between ubiquitin ligase and the target protein.
- Non-competitive inhibitors may include, for example, compounds which bind to a region of the target polypeptide other than the region of interaction with ubiquitin ligase and alter the structure of the region of interaction.
- Such allosteric non-competitors have certain advantages, they can in particular provide a very high degree of specificity of inhibition because they will not be able to bind to other targets of ubiquitin ligase.
- ubiquitin ligase inhibitors can mimic the polypeptide structure of the ubiquitin ligase or target interaction region. Such inhibitors prevent the ubiquitin ligase from recruiting the target polypeptide. Depending on the structure of the inhibitor, the inhibition of recruitment can be very specific for the target or affect the recruitment of other polypeptides which are the target of the same ubiquitin ligase. For example, specific inhibitors can mimic the WW structure of the polypeptide sequence that interacts with the target protein. These competitive inhibitors of WW repeats bind to the target protein, thereby preventing its interaction with the WW repeats of a HECT domain protein.
- the molecules sought will be molecules capable of inhibiting or activating the ubiquitin ligase activity with respect to its substrates thanks in particular to functional tests making it possible to visualize this ubiquitin ligase activity in vivo or in vitro.
- HECT domain proteins their derivatives and their modulators
- compounds or methods which increase the activity of a HECT domain protein can be used in the treatment of proliferative disorders.
- Symptoms of cancer could be alleviated by the use of a compound that stimulates the activity of a HECT domain protein.
- a decrease in the activity or expression of a protein with an HECT domain whose substrate is a positive regulator of the cell cycle, like a member of the cyclin family will result in an increase in cell proliferation.
- an increase in the level of expression or activity of the HECT domain protein could allow the symptoms to be improved.
- an HECT domain protein can be used in therapy to improve symptoms of a proliferative disease.
- a protein with an HECT domain normally responsible for the degradation of a cell cycle inhibitor becomes too active following a mutation, the use of a drug which limits its activity could prove useful in limiting certain symptoms. of the disease and in particular cell proliferation.
- the expression of a so-called " ⁇ HECT” mutant of the protein with an HECT domain is also a strategy of choice for blocking the degradation of the substrate.
- a “ ⁇ HECT” mutant is a derivative of the HECT domain protein no longer comprising the HECT motif which has been deleted.
- Such a derivative is capable of interacting with the substrate but is no longer able to ubiquitinate it.
- the overproduction of the mutant " ⁇ HECT” prevents ubiquitination and the concomitant degradation of this substrate.
- stabilization by protection (or by "trapping").
- the therapeutic agents modulating the activity of proteins with an HECT domain may be nucleic acids. They can act either of themselves such as for example aptamers modulating an interaction, even via the protein which they encode such as for example sequences coding for a peptide serving as a competitive inhibitor. They may also be non-natural nucleic acids comprising modified nucleotides. In all cases, they must be brought into the cell by an appropriate vector, the nature of which will depend on the progress of vectorization techniques. They may, for example, be vectors for viral or bacterial expression and penetration, colloidal dispersion system or liposomes. In the case of nucleic acids to be expressed, they must include, in addition to the coding sequence, all the sequences allowing expression in the target host cells.
- Viral vectors which can be used to introduce a nucleic acid sequence into a patient's target cells include, but are not limited to, vaccinia, herpes or retrovirus or adenovirus derivatives . In all cases, the vectors used will be defective, that is to say non-pathogenic.
- the other means of introducing the nucleic acids into the patient's cells are the colloidal dispersion systems. These include macromolecular complexes, nanocapsules, microspheres, beads, systems involving emulsions of lipids in water, micelles, and liposomes.
- the nucleic acids are encapsulated in an artificial membrane vesicle. Introduced into the body, the liposomes fuse with the patient's targets and thus deliver the nucleic acids. Preferably these liposomes will preferentially merge with specific cells.
- the invention covers transgenic plants or animals containing one or more of the HECT domain proteins presented here. These transgenic organisms can be obtained using the nucleic acid sequence of the invention. These transgenic organisms can be used to express a whole or truncated HECT domain protein, or to inactivate a HECT domain protein (knockout). These latter organisms (foreign mice for example), mutants for a protein with an HECT domain, can in particular be used for the search for drugs which attenuate or suppress the effects of the absence of the protein.
- Knockout mice are obtained by homologous integration of a construct in a mouse embryonic stem cell (ES cell), a construct which codes for the gene to be inactivated.
- the construction sequence is modified and ideally allows the joint integration of a positive selection marker (a gene for resistance to neomycin for example) at the locus of the gene to be inactivated.
- a positive selection marker a gene for resistance to neomycin for example
- the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a nucleic acid according to the invention or of a recombinant vector as defined above, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of an HECT domain polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- HECT domain proteins Cell cycle regulators are often the products of oncogenes or tumor suppressors. HECT domain proteins, as ubiquitin ligases, could therefore be the products of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, depending on the cell cycle regulatory proteins, the abundance of which they regulate. HECT-domain proteins, its analogs, derivatives and consequently the nucleic sequences of HECT-domain proteins, or anti-HECT-domain antibodies can therefore be useful in diagnostics.
- the nucleic acid sequences of the new HECT domain proteins can be used to detect, predict or diagnose disorders such as tumorigenesis, carcinomas, adenomas, etc., by looking for possible mutations for example (deletions, changes in the sequence, ).
- the activity of these ubiquitin ligases can also be tested in various pathologies in order to detect a possible change in their level of expression and their possible implication in the pathology considered.
- the molecules of the invention can thus be used in immunological tests using techniques such as immunoblots, radioisotope immunohistochemistry, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) tests, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion tests, agglutination to name some.
- the HECT domain protein genes can also be used in hybridization tests with the aim of detecting, diagnosing disorders or diseases associated with changes in the expression or activity of proteins. at domaine HECT. These hybridization tests are carried out by bringing together a sample containing nucleic acids (such as a tissue section) with a nucleic probe capable of hybridizing to RNA or DNA of protein with HECT domain in favorable conditions for hybridization.
- a sample containing nucleic acids such as a tissue section
- HECT or its RNA, or its activity for example, ubiquitin ligase activity
- RNA, DNA or the protein sequence of a protein with HECT domain for example, deletions , translocations
- the level of HECT domain protein can be detected by immunochemistry, the level of RNA by hybridization (northern blot, in situ hybridization).
- the activity of the HECT domain protein can be detected by measuring the ubiquitin ligase E3 activity.
- Translocations, deletions and point mutations in the nucleic sequences of HECT domain proteins can be detected by Southern blot, FISH, RFLP analysis, SSCP, PCR, sequencing, etc.
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0110364A FR2828209A1 (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | Acides nucleiques codant de nouvelles proteines a domaine hect, leurs utilisations en diagnostics et en therapie |
FR01/10364 | 2001-08-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003012102A2 true WO2003012102A2 (fr) | 2003-02-13 |
WO2003012102A3 WO2003012102A3 (fr) | 2004-04-08 |
Family
ID=8866216
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2002/002782 WO2003012102A2 (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-08-01 | Acides nucleiques codant des proteines a domaine hect |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FR (1) | FR2828209A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003012102A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005113789A2 (fr) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Procede pour identifier des composes ayant la capacite d'inhiber l'activite de myc |
WO2007018238A1 (fr) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-15 | Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. | Procédé de sélection d’apoptose accélérant le composant ou le composant anti-apoptotique et procédé pour déterminer la malignité d’une maladie neurodégénérescente |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007070907A2 (fr) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-28 | St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung | Compositions therapeutiques |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1242443A4 (fr) * | 1999-12-23 | 2005-06-22 | Nuvelo Inc | Nouveaux acides nucleiques et polypeptides |
US6436703B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-08-20 | Hyseq, Inc. | Nucleic acids and polypeptides |
-
2001
- 2001-08-01 FR FR0110364A patent/FR2828209A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-08-01 WO PCT/FR2002/002782 patent/WO2003012102A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005113789A2 (fr) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Procede pour identifier des composes ayant la capacite d'inhiber l'activite de myc |
WO2005113789A3 (fr) * | 2004-05-14 | 2006-04-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim Int | Procede pour identifier des composes ayant la capacite d'inhiber l'activite de myc |
US7322810B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2008-01-29 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Method for identifying compounds that inhibit the activity of Myc |
WO2007018238A1 (fr) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-15 | Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. | Procédé de sélection d’apoptose accélérant le composant ou le composant anti-apoptotique et procédé pour déterminer la malignité d’une maladie neurodégénérescente |
JP2007043989A (ja) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-22 | Hisamitsu Pharmaceut Co Inc | アポトーシス促進性化合物又は抗アポトーシス性化合物をスクリーニングする方法及び神経変性疾患の悪性度の判定方法 |
US7985556B2 (en) | 2005-08-11 | 2011-07-26 | Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. | Method of screening apoptosis accelerating compound or anti-apoptotic compound and method of determining malignancy of neurodegenerative disease |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2828209A1 (fr) | 2003-02-07 |
WO2003012102A3 (fr) | 2004-04-08 |
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