WO2003012103A2 - Acides nucleiques codant de nouvelles proteines a boite f, leurs utilisations en diagnostic et en therapie - Google Patents
Acides nucleiques codant de nouvelles proteines a boite f, leurs utilisations en diagnostic et en therapie Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003012103A2 WO2003012103A2 PCT/FR2002/002783 FR0202783W WO03012103A2 WO 2003012103 A2 WO2003012103 A2 WO 2003012103A2 FR 0202783 W FR0202783 W FR 0202783W WO 03012103 A2 WO03012103 A2 WO 03012103A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of protein ubiquitinylation, and more particularly to the field of control and diagnosis of protein ubiquitinylation.
- the main pathway for selective protein degradation is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
- This path involves a cascade of reactions which lead, firstly, to the labeling of proteins to be destroyed by a polypeptide, consisting of 76 amino acids, called ubiquitin.
- the addition of several molecules of ubiquitin then targets the protein thus modified towards the proteasome where it is destroyed.
- This route turns out to be the preferred route for the degradation of most short-lived proteins in all eukaryotic organisms.
- a large number of proteins whose stability is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway provide regulatory functions in the cell (regulators of the cell cycle, such as cyclins, for example, transcription factors, receptors, etc.) .
- the ubiquitin-proteasome system is therefore an important regulatory system for eukaryotic cells which controls the cellular concentration of key proteins by their selective degradation.
- the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway The degradation of proteins by the ubiquitin pathway controls the temporal destruction of numerous cellular regulators among which the proteins p27, p53, p300, cyclins, E2F, STAT-1, c-Myc, c-Jun, IkB ⁇ , NFkB and ⁇ catenin.
- the ubiquitin pathway leads to the covalent attachment of a chain of ubiquitin to the target substrates which are then degraded by a multiprotein complex, the proteasome, within which are associated numerous protease activities.
- Ubiquitination of the target protein is a three-step mechanism that generally involves three classes of enzymes.
- Ubiquitin is first activated in its C-terminal part by the formation of a thioester link with an ubiquitin activating enzyme, the enzyme E1.
- ubiquitin is transferred to the active cysteine residues of one of the many ubiquitin conjugation enzymes (Ubc or E2).
- Ubc or E2 the enzyme which is transferred to the active cysteine residues of one of the many ubiquitin conjugation enzymes
- the final transfer of ubiquitin to the lysine residues of the target protein occurs through a reaction which may or may not require a protein ligase from ubiquitin (E3) (Hochstrasser, 1996).
- E3 enzymes The main function of E3 enzymes is to recognize the substrate, but these enzymes sometimes catalyze the formation of a peptide link between ubiquitin and a lysine residue on the substrate.
- E3 proteins which function autonomously, this group comprising in particular the family of HECT proteins (for "Homologous to E6-AP Carboxyl-Terminus”). These E3 enzymes have a terminal carboxy domain homologous to that of the human E6-AP protein, involved in the formation of a catalytic intermediate with ubiquitin.
- - E3 complexes among which the family of ubiquitin SCF ligase complexes (S: Skp1; C: Cdc53 or culline; F: protein containing an F box), is the most diverse.
- SCF ligases have been discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Feldman R, 1997) and it has recently been shown that they actually exist in all eukaryotic organisms, from fungi to mammals (Koepp D, 1999).
- the SCF complexes comprise at least three common subunits, the Skp1 protein, a protein of the culline family (Cdc53 in yeast and culline 1 in humans) and the Hrt1 / Rbx1 / Roc1 protein. They also have modular receptor subunits, which confer specificity with respect to the substrate, and which are all F-box proteins (Patton E., 1998).
- the "box F” or "Fbox” domain is a highly degenerate protein motif with a length of about 40 amino acids. The presence of this motif allows the protein which contains it to interact specifically with the Skp1 factor (Bai C, 1996).
- SCF Cdc4 targets CDK (Cyclin Dependent Kinase), Sic1 and Far1 inhibitors, SCF Grr1 targets cyclins G1, Cln1 / Cln2, and sCF Met30 targets CDK inhibitor, Swe1 (Koepp D ., 1999) and the transcription factor Met4 (Rouillon et al., 2000).
- CDK Cyclin Dependent Kinase
- Sic1 and Far1 inhibitors SCF Grr1 targets cyclins G1, Cln1 / Cln2
- sCF Met30 targets CDK inhibitor, Swe1 (Koepp D ., 1999) and the transcription factor Met4 (Rouillon et al., 2000).
- sCF Met30 complex Homologues of the sCF Met30 complex have been found in other organisms. Thus, in Drosophila, a gene coding for the F-box protein, Slimb, involved in the degradation of the transcriptional coactivator ⁇ catenine / Armadillo (Spencer E., 1999) has been identified. In humans, a complex homologous to sCF Met30 has also been identified, the SCF ⁇ "TrCp complex. The ⁇ -TrCp protein ( ⁇ ? Transducing repeat containing protein) has been described for the first time in the context of an infection by the HIV-1 virus. It is an F-box protein recognized by the viral protein Vpu (Margottin F., 1998).
- the ⁇ -TrCp protein Recognition of the ⁇ -TrCp protein by the Vpu protein leads to illegitimate degradation of CD4 cell receptors present on the surface of infected cells. This illegitimate degradation is necessary to obtain infectious VI H viral particles. Additional studies have shown that in normal human cells, the ⁇ -TrCp protein allows specific recognition and destruction of targets such as B ⁇ , an inhibitor of the ubiquitous transcription factor NFKB, which directly regulates the immune and inflammatory response, and ⁇ ? catenin, whose abnormal activation leads to the activation of the transcription of oncogenic genes and which is involved in several types of cancer (Hart M., 1999; Kroll et al., 1999). Since then, a second SCF complex has been characterized in humans, the SCF Skp2 complex. Among the targets recognized and ubiquitinated by the SCF Skp2 complex, there may be mentioned the oncogenic factor E2F1 and the cell cycle regulator p27 c ⁇ p1 .
- Cancers develop when cells multiply too quickly.
- Cell proliferation depends on a balance between negative signals and positive signals. When the positive signals are higher or the negative signals are absent, the cells multiply too quickly and the cancer develops.
- cells precisely control the amount of a given protein and eliminate excess or any unnecessary protein. To do this, the cell specifically marks these unwanted proteins with a long chain of ubiquitin. These molecules are then recognized and destroyed by the proteasome.
- this machinery becomes entangled in tumors leading to the excessive accumulation of positive signals (oncogenic proteins), or to the abnormal degradation of negative regulators (tumor suppressors). Consequently, in the absence of tumor suppressors or in the presence of an excess of oncogenes, the cells multiply continuously, forming tumors (for review, see Ciechanover, 1998).
- SCF complexes constitute attractive targets for pharmacological screening. It has already been established that the dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation pathway is clearly involved in many pathologies of an extremely varied nature: cancers, genetic diseases, parkinson's disease, 'Alzheimer's, inflammatory syndromes and viral infections. With regard more specifically to SCF complexes, clear examples are now known of their implications in human pathologies. As well as any mutation affecting the phosphorylation of target proteins recognized by the ⁇ -TrcP protein, prevents their recognition by the g ⁇ - T rc P and conc
- the present invention relates to new Fbox proteins and new substrates of Fbox proteins. It relates to the screening methods developed to identify the substrates of the new Fbox proteins and to identify the small molecules and drugs which modulate the interaction and / or activity of the Fbox proteins and their substrates.
- the screening methods of this invention can be used to identify therapeutic agents that could be used in protocols and for the treatment of various pathologies, including cancer, inflammations, cardiovascular pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases, viral, bacterial infections and fungal.
- This invention encompasses the use of the nucleotides encoding these new Fbox proteins, the Fbox proteins and the peptides derived from these proteins, the vectors allowing the expression of these proteins in bacteria, fungi, insects, plants and mammalian organisms as well as animals. in which the genes encoding these Fbox proteins have been inactivated.
- a first subject of the invention consists of a nucleic acid coding for a box F polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17, or for a fragment or a variant of the polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17.
- the fragment of the F-box polypeptide comprises or consists of the peptide defining the F-box stricto sensu of a polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17.
- a fragment of the box F polypeptide comprises or consists of a polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17 in which the amino acid sequence has been deleted from box F stricto sensu.
- a nucleic acid as defined above can further be characterized in that the F-box polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide is fused with a heterologous polypeptide, for example a detectable marker or the GAL4 protein.
- the invention also relates to recombinant vectors, for cloning or expression, containing a nucleic acid according to the invention, where appropriate under the control of a regulatory sequence allowing its expression in a chosen host cell.
- It also relates to recombinant host cells into which has been artificially inserted a nucleic acid or a recombinant vector as defined above.
- the subject of the invention is also a box F polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence chosen from the sequences
- SEQ ID N ° 1 to SEQ ID N ° 17 a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, as well as antibodies directed against this polypeptide or even the fragment or the variant thereof.
- It also relates to methods of screening for candidate compounds modulating the strength of the interaction between an F-box polypeptide according to the invention and a protein belonging to an SCF complex.
- composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a nucleic acid or of a recombinant vector as defined above, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide according to the invention, in combination with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- any conventional technique of molecular biology, microbiology and recombinant DNA known to those skilled in the art can be used. Such techniques are described for example by SAMBROOK et al. (1989), GLOVER (1985), GAIT (1984),
- any nucleic acid and any polypeptide according to the invention is in an isolated or purified form.
- isolated in the sense of the present invention designates a biological material which has been removed from its original environment (the environment in which it is naturally located).
- a polynucleotide found naturally in a plant is not isolated.
- the same polynucleotide separated from the adjacent nucleic acids in which it is naturally inserted into the genome of the plant is isolated.
- Such a polynucleotide may be included in a vector and / or such a polynucleotide may be included in a composition and nevertheless remain in an isolated state since the vector or the composition does not constitute its natural environment.
- purified does not require that the material be present in a form of absolute purity, exclusive of the presence of other compounds. Rather, it is a relative definition.
- a polynucleotide or a polypeptide is in the purified state after purification of the starting material or of the natural material of at least one order of magnitude, preferably 2 or 3 and preferably four or five orders of magnitude.
- nucleotide sequence can be used to denote either a polynucleotide or a nucleic acid.
- sequence nucleotide encodes the genetic material itself and is therefore not limited to information regarding its sequence.
- nucleic acid include RNA, DNA, cDNA sequences or even RNA / DNA hybrid sequences of more than one nucleotide, in single strand form or in duplex form.
- nucleotide designates both natural nucleotides (A, T, G, C) as well as modified nucleotides which comprise at least one modification such as (i) an analog of a purine, (ii) an analog of d 'a pyrimidine, or (iii) a similar sugar, such modified nucleotides being described for example in PCT application No. WO 95/04064.
- a first polynucleotide is considered to be "complementary" to a second polynucleotide when each base of the first nucleotide is paired with the base complementary to the second polynuleotide whose orientation is reversed.
- the complementary bases are A and T (or A and U), and C and G.
- a first nucleic acid having at least 95% identity with a second reference nucleic acid will have at least 95%, preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99 %, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8% or 99.9% identity nucleotides with this second reference polynucleotide, the percentage of identity between two sequences being determined as described below.
- the "percentage of identity" between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences can be determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences, through a comparison window.
- the part of the nucleotide or polypeptide sequence in the comparison window can thus include additions or deletions (for example "gaps") with respect to the reference sequence (which does not include these additions or these deletions) so as to obtain an optimal alignment of the two sequences.
- the percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which an identical nucleic base or amino acid residue is observed for the two sequences (nucleic or peptide) compared, then by dividing the number of positions at which there is identity between the two bases or amino acid residues compared, by the total number of positions in the comparison window, then multiplying the result by one hundred to obtain the percentage of sequence identity.
- the optimal alignment of the sequences for the comparison can be carried out by computer using known algorithms.
- the percentage of sequence identity is determined using the BLAST software (BLAST version 2.06 of September 1998), using exclusively the default parameters.
- a nucleic acid having at least 95% nucleotide identity with a nucleic acid according to the invention includes the "variants" of a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- variant of a nucleic acid according to the invention is meant a nucleic acid which differs from the reference nucleic acid by one or more substitutions, additions or deletions of a nucleotide, relative to the nucleic acid of reference.
- a variant of a nucleic acid according to the invention can be of natural origin, such as an allelic variant which exists naturally. Such a variant nucleic acid can also be an unnatural nucleic acid obtained, for example, by mutagenesis techniques.
- the differences between the reference nucleic acid and the "variant" nucleic acid are reduced so that the reference nucleic acid and the variant nucleic acid have very similar nucleotide sequences and, in many regions , identical.
- the nucleotide modifications present in a variant nucleic acid can be silent, which means that they do not affect the amino acid sequence which can be encoded by this variant nucleic acid.
- Changes in nucleotides in the variant nucleic acid can also result in substitutions, additions or deletions of one or more amino acids in the sequence of the polypeptide which can be encoded by this variant nucleic acid.
- a variant nucleic acid according to the invention comprising an open reading phase, code for a polypeptide which retains the same function or the same biological activity as the polypeptide coded by the reference nucleic acid.
- a variant nucleic acid according to the invention and which comprises an open reading phase codes for a polypeptide which retains the capacity to be recognized by antibodies directed against the polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid of reference.
- fragment of a nucleic acid according to the invention is meant a nucleotide sequence of a reduced length compared to the reference nucleic acid, the nucleic acid fragment having a nucleotide sequence identical to the nucleotide sequence of the reference nucleic acid on the common part.
- Such fragments of a nucleic acid according to the invention have at least 12, 15, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000 , 2000 or 3000 consecutive nucleotides of the reference nucleic acid, the maximum length in nucleotides of a fragment of a nucleic acid according to the invention being of course limited by the maximum length in nucleotides of the reference nucleic acid.
- fragment of a box F polypeptide according to the invention is meant a polypeptide fragment of a reduced length compared to the reference polypeptide, the polypeptide fragment having an amino acid sequence identical to the amino acid sequence of reference polypeptide on the common part.
- Such fragments of a box F polypeptide according to the invention has at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 100, 120, 130, 135 or 140 consecutive amino acids of reference box F polypeptide.
- hybridization conditions within the meaning of the invention, is meant the following hybridization conditions:
- Hybridization same conditions as for hybridization duration: 1 night.
- the parameters defining the stringency conditions depend on the temperature at which 50% of the paired strands separate (Tm).
- Tm is defined by the relation:
- Tm 81.5 + 0.41 (% G + C) +16.6 Log (cation concentration) - 0.63 (% formamide) - (600 / number of bases) (SAMBROOK et al., (1989) , pages 9.54-9.62).
- Tm 4 (G + C) + 2 (A + T).
- the hybridization temperature is approximately 5 to 30 ° C, preferably 5 to 10 ° C below Tm.
- hybridization conditions described above are used for the hybridization of a nucleic acid 20 bases in length and can be adapted according to the length of the nucleic acid whose hybridization is sought or the type of chosen marking, according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- the suitable hybridization conditions can for example be adapted according to the teaching contained in the work of HAMES and HIGGINS (1985) or also in the work of AUSUBEL et al. (1989).
- the level and the specificity of hybridization depends on various parameters, such as: a) the purity of the preparation of the nucleic acid on which the probe or the primer must hybridize; b) the base composition of the probe or of the primer, the base pairs G-C having greater thermal stability than the base pairs A-T or A-U; c) the length of the homologous base sequence between the probe or the primer and the nucleic acid; d) ionic strength: the rate of hybridization increases with increasing ionic strength and the duration of the incubation time; e) the incubation temperature; f) the concentration of the nucleic acid on which the probe or the primer is to hybridize; g) the presence of denaturing agents, such as agents promoting the breaking of hydrogen bonds, such as formamide or urea, which increase the stringency of the hybridization; h) the incubation time, the incubation rate increasing with the duration of the incubation; i) the presence of bulk exclusion agents, such as dex
- Figure 1 illustrates the alignment of the amino acid sequences corresponding to the Fbox domain of the different proteins according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of F-box proteins. The putative protein-protein interaction domains are shown. The double slash indicates that the corresponding complementary DNAs are incomplete in 5 'and / or in 3'.
- FBOX means box F
- LRR means a region rich in leucine repeats (for "Leucine-Rich Repeats)
- Praline rich means an amino acid sequence rich in praline
- Zinc Finger means a protein motif characteristic of a zinc finger protein.
- new F-box polypeptides constituting SCF complexes involved in the ubiquitinylation of cellular proteins, an important step in the protein degradation pathway.
- the new F-box polypeptides according to the invention are the following polypeptides:
- the FBL10 polypeptide has sequence homology with the Drosophila protein CG11033.
- the FBW5 and FBW6 polypeptides have homology respectively with the proteins CG9144 and CG15010 of Drosophila.
- the FBL14, FBL15, FBW7 and FBX33 polypeptides have homologies with proteins referenced in the SMART database.
- a first subject of the invention consists of a nucleic acid coding for a box F polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17, or for a fragment or a variant of the polypeptide chosen from the amino acid sequences comprising the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17.
- the box F polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid as defined above consists of an amino acid sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17 , or for a variant or fragment of this polypeptide.
- a nucleic acid coding for a box F polypeptide according to the invention comprises a polynucleotide chosen from the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34, as well as the nucleotide sequences which are derived therefrom and which comprise the open reading frame contained in the sequences SEQ ID N ° 18 to SEQ ID N ° 34.
- Another object of the invention therefore consists of a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence chosen from the following sequences:
- nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 1 to the nucleotide in position 942 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 20 (fbl9);
- nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 1 to the nucleotide in position 2484 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 21 (fbl10); - the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2170 to the nucleotide in position 3594 of the sequence SEQ ID N ° 22 (fbl11)
- nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 1 to the nucleotide in position 1192 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 24 (fbl14);
- nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 7 to the nucleotide in position 924 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 32 (fbx31);
- nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 20 to the nucleotide in position 1124 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 33 (fbx32);
- nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 146 to the nucleotide in position 1318 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 34 (fbx33).
- nucleic acids also form part of the invention: a) a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17 or a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, optionally fused to a heterologous polypeptide; b) a nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34, or a fragment or a variant thereof; c) a nucleic acid having at least 95% nucleotide identity with a nucleic acid chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No.
- nucleic acid hybridizing under conditions of high stringency hybridization, with a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34, or a fragment or a variant thereof.
- the F box of a F box polypeptide according to the invention allows this polypeptide to interact specifically with a protein constituting a SCF complex, and more particularly with the Skp1 bine protein known to man. of career.
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising the F box of a F box polypeptide as defined above. It also relates to a polypeptide consisting of box F of a polypeptide according to the invention.
- Box F of a polypeptide according to the invention is considered to be a “fragment” of such a polypeptide for the purposes of the present description.
- polypeptide comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence chosen from the following sequences: a) the sequence ranging from amino acid in position 116 to amino acid in position 160 SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the sequence extending from the amino acid in position 2 to the amino acid in position 50 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 2; c) the sequence extending from the amino acid in position 2 to the amino acid in position 50 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 3; d) the sequence extending from the amino acid in position 573 to the amino acid in position 631 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 4; e) the sequence extending from the amino acid at position 489 to the amino acid at position 528 of the sequence SEQ ID No.
- nucleic acids encoding an F-box polypeptide as defined above can be easily obtained by those skilled in the art, for example from a sample of human DNA or from a human DNA library , using specific primers of one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34, for example by PCR amplification.
- a variant of a F-box polypeptide according to the invention in which the F-box has been completely or partially deleted can be sought in the case where one wish to obtain a reduction or a blocking the degradation of the specific substrate.
- Such a variant of a box F polypeptide according to the invention retains its ability to interact specifically with the substrate, but is no longer capable of interacting with the various protein subunits of the SCF complex of which it is normally one. constituents.
- the invention therefore also relates to a nucleic acid coding for a variant of a box F polypeptide as defined above, in the sequence of which all or part of the box F sequence has been deleted.
- partial deletion of box F is meant the deletion of at least 2, preferably at least 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 or 30 consecutive amino acids of the sequence of box F of a polypeptide according to the invention.
- the nucleic acid coding for a variant of an F-box polypeptide in the sequence of which the sequence of the F-box has been completely or partially deleted is chosen from the following nucleic acids: a) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 in which the sequence from the amino acid in position 116 to the amino acid in position 160 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 has been totally or partially deleted; b) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No 2 in which the sequence from the amino acid in position 2 to the amino acid in position 50 of the sequence SEQ ID No 2 has been totally or partially deleted; c) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No.
- SEQ ID NO: 9 a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No 10 in which the sequence from the amino acid in position 5 to the amino acid in position 51 of the sequence SEQ ID No 10 has been totally or partially deleted; k) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 11 in which the sequence from amino acid at position 124 to amino acid at position 172 of sequence SEQ ID No. 11 has been totally or partially deleted;
- polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No 12 in which the sequence from the amino acid at position 67 to the amino acid at position 115 of the sequence SEQ ID No 12 has been totally or partially deleted; m) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 13 in which the sequence extending from the amino acid in position 7 to the amino acid in position 46 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 13 has been totally or partially deleted; n) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No. 14 in which the sequence from the amino acid at position 570 to the amino acid at position 618 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 14 has been totally or partially deleted; o) a polypeptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID No.
- a person skilled in the art can, for example, carry out an enzymatic digestion of the nucleic acid coding for the polypeptide considered using the flanking restriction sites, for example according to the technique described by
- this nucleic acid is characterized in that it codes for a box F polypeptide, or a variant or a fragment of this polypeptide, which is fused with a polypeptide heterologous.
- heterologous polypeptide is meant an amino acid sequence which is not naturally expressed by the cell in a form chemically linked to an F-box polypeptide as defined above.
- the heterologous polypeptide consists of a polypeptide capable of binding selectively to a support, such as glutathione S transferase or GST, bine known to those skilled in the art.
- the heterologous polypeptide consists of a detectable polypeptide, for example a polypeptide fluorescent like the GFP and YFP proteins, well known to those skilled in the art.
- the heterologous polypeptide consists of a fluorescence acceptor or donor polypeptide which can be used in systems for detecting interactions by fluorescence energy transfer (or FRET for “Fluorescence Resonance”).
- the heterologous polypeptide consists of a first protein partner which, when it interacts specifically with a second protein partner, has the capacity to bind to a nucleic acid motif regulating the transcription of a reporter gene.
- a polypeptide can be, for example, the GAL4 protein or the LexA protein.
- this nucleic acid comprises a regulatory polynucleotide controlling the expression of the F-box polypeptide or of its fragment or variant, optionally fused to a heterologous polypeptide, in a host cell.
- a regulatory polynucleotide controlling the expression of the F-box polypeptide or of its fragment or variant, optionally fused to a heterologous polypeptide, in a host cell.
- Illustrative examples of preferred regulatory polynucleotides according to the invention are listed below in the descriptive part of the preferred recombinant vectors.
- nucleic acid whose sequence is complementary to one of the nucleic acids as defined in the present description.
- Recombinant vectors The invention also relates to a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid coding for an F-box polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, optionally fused with a heterologous polypeptide and for which said nucleic acid has been artificially inserted into the vector.
- a recombinant vector will comprise a nucleic acid chosen from the following nucleic acids: a) a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No.
- nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34, or a fragment or a variant thereof; c) a nucleic acid having at least 95% nucleotide identity with a nucleic acid chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34 or a fragment or a variant thereof; d) a nucleic acid hybridizing, under conditions of high stringency hybridization, with a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34, or a fragment or a variant thereof.
- vector within the meaning of the present invention is meant a circular or linear DNA or RNA molecule which is either in the form of single strand or double strand.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention is used in order to amplify the nucleic acid which is inserted therein after transformation or transfection of the desired cellular host.
- these are expression vectors comprising, in addition to a nucleic acid according to the invention, regulatory sequences making it possible to direct their transcription and / or translation.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention will notably comprise the following elements:
- elements for regulating the expression of the nucleic acid to be inserted such as promoters and enhancers;
- the recombinant vectors according to the invention may include one or more origins of replication in cellular hosts in which their amplification or expression is sought, markers or selection markers.
- the bacterial promoters may be the Lad, LacZ promoters, the promoters of the RNA polymerase of bacteriophage T3 or T7, the PR or PL promoters of phage lambda.
- Promoters for eukaryotic cells will include the HSV virus thymidine kinase promoter or the mouse metallothionein-L promoter.
- the preferred bacterial vectors according to the invention are for example the vectors pBR322 (ATCC37017) or also vectors such as pAA223-3 (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden), and pGEM1 (Promega Biotech, Madison, Wl, USA). Mention may also be made of other commercial vectors such as the vectors pQE70, pQE60, pQE9 (Qiagen), psiX174, pBluescript SA, pNH8A, pNH16A, pNH18A, pNH46A, pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXTI, pSG (Stratagene).
- baculovirus type vectors such as the vector pVL1392 / 1393 (Pharmingen) used to transfect cells of the Sf9 line (ATCC No. CRL 171 1) derived from Spodoptera frugiperda.
- adenoviral vectors such as human adenovirus type 2 or 5.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention can also be a retroviral vector or also an adeno-associated vector (AAV).
- AAV adeno-associated vector
- Such adeno-associated vectors are for example described by FLOTTE et al.
- the invention also relates to a recombinant host cell which has been artificially transfected or transformed by a nucleic acid or by a recombinant vector as defined above.
- a recombinant host cell according to the invention is a eukaryotic cell, and very preferably a human recombinant host cell.
- the preferred host cells according to the invention are, for example, the following: a) prokaryotic host cells: Escherichia coli strains (strain
- DH5- ⁇ Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, or strains of species such as Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Staphylococus;
- eukaryotic host cells HeLa cells (ATCC N ° CCL2), Cv 1 cells (ATCC N ° CCL70), COS cells (ATCC NXRL 1650), Sf-9 cells (ATCC NXRL 1711), CHO cells (ATCC NXCL-61 ) or 3T3 cells (ATCC NXRL-6361).
- polypeptides of the invention relates to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence chosen from the group consisting of peptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17, or a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, optionally fused with a heterologous polypeptide.
- the invention relates to a box F polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, optionally fused with a heterologous polypeptide, characterized in that it is coded by an acid. nucleic acid as defined in the present description.
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising at least 15 consecutive amino acids of an amino acid sequence chosen from the group consisting of peptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17, or a fragment or a variant thereof. polypeptide, possibly fused with a heterologous polypeptide.
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95% acid identity amino acids with an amino acid sequence chosen from the group consisting of peptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17, or a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide.
- polypeptides according to the present invention are in an isolated or purified form.
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising amino acid modifications of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 to 20 substitutions, additions or deletions of an amino acid with respect to the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide of sequences SEQ ID N ° 1 to SEQ ID
- the invention also relates to a process for the production of one of the polypeptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17 or of a peptide fragment or a variant of the latter, said method comprising the following: steps of: a) inserting a nucleic acid encoding said polypeptide into an appropriate vector; b) cultivating, in an appropriate culture medium, a host cell previously transformed or transfected with the recombinant vector of step a); c) recovering the conditioned culture medium or lysing the host cell, for example by sonication or by osmotic shock; d) separating and purifying from said culture medium or also from the cell lysates obtained in step c), said polypeptide; e) where appropriate, characterize the recombinant polypeptide produced.
- the peptides according to the invention can be characterized by attachment to an immunoaffinity chromatography column on which the antibodies directed against this polypeptide or against a fragment or a variant of the latter have been immobilized beforehand.
- a recombinant polypeptide according to the invention can be purified by passage through an appropriate series of chromatography columns, according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
- a polypeptide according to the invention can also be prepared by conventional techniques of chemical synthesis either in homogeneous solution or solid phase.
- a polypeptide according to the invention can be prepared by the technique or in a homogeneous solution described by HOUBEN WEYL (1974) or also the solid phase synthesis technique described by MERRIFIELD (1965a; 1965b).
- polypeptides called “homologous” to any of the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17, or their fragments or variants.
- Such homologous polypeptides have amino acid sequences having one or more substitutions of an amino acid with an equivalent amino acid, relative to the reference polypeptides.
- the equivalent amino acid according to the present invention will be understood, for example replacement of a residue in the L form with a residue in the D form or alternatively the replacement of a glutamic acid (E) by a pyro-glutamic acid according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- E glutamic acid
- two amino acids belonging to the same class are also considered to be equivalent amino acids, that is to say two amino acids, basic, non-polar or even uncharged polar.
- polypeptides comprising at least one non-peptide bond such as a retro-inverso bond (NHCO), a carba bond (CH 2 CH 2 ) or even a ketomethylene bond (CO-CH 2 ).
- the polypeptides according to the invention comprising one or more additions, deletions, substitutions of at least one amino acid will retain their capacity to be recognized by antibodies directed against the unmodified polypeptides.
- These polypeptides will also retain their ability to recognize their specific substrate and / or the protein of the SCF complex with which they bind, and more particularly the Skp1 protein.
- polypeptides according to the invention in particular the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 17 or the fragments and variants thereof as well as the homologous peptides can be used for the preparation of antibodies .
- antibody within the meaning of the present invention, is meant in particular polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies or fragments (for example fragments F (ab) ' 2 , Fab) or any polypeptide comprising a domain of the initial antibody recognizing the polypeptide or the target polypeptide fragment according to the invention.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be prepared from hybridomas using the technique described by KOHLER and MILSTEIN (1975).
- the present invention also relates to antibodies directed against a polypeptide as described above or a fragment or a variant thereof, as produced in the trioma technique or also the hybridoma technique described by KOZBOR et al. (1983).
- the invention also relates to fragments of single chain Fv antibody (ScFv) as described in US Patent No. 4,946,778 or by MARTINEAU et al. (1998).
- the antibodies according to the invention also include fragments of antibodies obtained using phage banks RIDDER et al., (1995) or even humanized antibodies REIMANN et al. (1997); LEGER et al., (1997).
- the antibody preparations according to the invention are useful in immunological detection tests intended to identify the presence and / or the quantity of antigens present in a sample.
- An antibody according to the invention may also comprise an detectable isotopic or non-isotopic marker, for example fluorescent or also be coupled to a molecule such as biotin, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- an detectable isotopic or non-isotopic marker for example fluorescent or also be coupled to a molecule such as biotin, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the subject of the mention is furthermore a method for detecting the presence of a polypeptide according to the invention in a sample, said method comprising the steps of: a) bringing the sample to be tested into contact with an antibody such as described above; b) detecting the antigen / antibody complex formed.
- the invention also relates to a kit or kit for diagnosis or for the detection of the presence of a polypeptide in accordance with the invention in a sample, said kit comprising: a) an antibody as defined above; b) a reagent allowing the detection of the antigen / antibody complexes formed.
- nucleic acid fragments derived from any of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34 are useful for detecting the presence of at least one copy of a nucleotide sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34 or a fragment or a variant thereof in a sample.
- the nucleotide probes or primers according to the invention comprise at least eight consecutive nucleotides of a nucleic acid chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34, or of a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- nucleotide probes or primers according to the invention will have a length of 10, 12, 15, 18 or 20 to 25, 35, 40, 50, 70, 80, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500 consecutive nucleotides d a nucleic acid according to the invention, in particular a nucleic acid of nucleotide sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34 or of a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- a probe or a nucleotide primer according to the invention will consist and / or include fragments with a length of 12, 15, 18, 20, 25, 35, 40, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500 nucleotides sequences of a nucleic acid according to the invention, more particularly a nucleic acid chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No 18 to SEQ ID No 34, or a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- a probe and a nucleotide primer according to the invention therefore includes oligonucleotides which hybridize, under the conditions of high stringency hybridization defined above, with a nucleic acid chosen from the sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID N ° 34 or with a sequence complementary to these.
- a primer or a nucleotide probe according to the invention can be prepared by any suitable method well known to those skilled in the art, including by cloning and action of restriction enzymes or also by direct chemical synthesis according to techniques such as the method to the phosphodiester of NARANG et al. (1979) or BROWN et al. (1979), the diethylphosphoramidite method of BEAUCAGE et al. (1980) or the solid support technique described in EU patent N ⁇ P 0 707 592.
- Each of the nucleic acids according to the invention can be labeled, if desired, by incorporating a label detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical or even chemical means.
- markers can consist of radioactive isotopes ( 32 P, 33 P,, 3 H, 35 S,), fluorescent molecules (5-bromodeoxyuridine, fluorescein, acetylaminofluorene, digoxigenin) or also ligands such as biotin .
- the labeling of the probes is preferably done by incorporating labeled molecules within the polynucleotides by extension of primers, or else by adding to the 5 ′ or 3 ′ ends.
- oligonucleotide probes according to the invention can be used in particular in Southern type hybridizations with genomic DNA or also in hybridizations with the corresponding messenger RNA when the expression of the corresponding transcript is sought in a sample.
- the probes according to the invention can also be used for the detection of PCR amplification products or even for the detection of mismatches.
- Nucleotide probes or primers according to the invention can be immobilized on a solid support.
- Such solid supports are well known to those skilled in the art and include surfaces of the wells of microtiter plates, polystyrene beds, magnetic beds, nitrocellulose strips, or even microparticles such as latex particles.
- the present invention also relates to a method for detecting the presence of a nucleic acid as described above in a sample, said method comprising the steps of: 1) bringing one or more nucleotide probes according to the invention with the sample to be tested;
- the oligonucleotide probe (s) are immobilized on a support.
- the oligonucleotide probes include a detectable marker.
- the invention further relates to a kit or kit for detecting the presence of a nucleic acid according to the invention in a sample, said kit comprising: a) one or more nucleotide probes as described above; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the hybridization reaction.
- the detection kit or kit is characterized in that the probe or probes are immobilized on a support.
- the detection kit or kit is characterized in that the oligonucleotide probes comprise a detectable marker.
- such a kit will include a plurality of oligonucleotide probes according to the invention which can be used to detect target sequences of interest or alternatively to detect mutations in the coding regions or the non-coding regions of the nucleic acids according to the invention, more particularly nucleic acids of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34 or the nucleic acids of complementary sequence.
- the probes according to the invention immobilized on a support can be ordered in matrices such as "DNA chips".
- matrices such as "DNA chips”.
- Such ordered matrices have been described in particular in US Pat. No. 5,143,854, in PCT applications No. WO 90/150 70 and 92/10092.
- nucleotide primers according to the invention can be used to amplify any of the nucleic acids according to the invention, and more particularly all or part of a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34, or again a variant of it.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method for the amplification of a nucleic acid according to the invention, and more particularly a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34 or a fragment or a variant of this contained in a sample, said method comprising the steps of: a) bringing the sample in which the presence of the target nucleic acid is suspected with a pair of nucleotide primers whose hybridization position is localized respectively on the 5 ′ side and on the 3 ′ side of the region of the target nucleic acid whose amplification is sought, in the presence of the reagents necessary for the amplification reaction; and b) detection of the amplified nucleic acids.
- the subject of the invention is also a kit or kit for the amplification of a nucleic acid according to the invention, and more particularly all or part of a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID No. 18 to SEQ ID No. 34 , said kit or kit comprising: a) a pair of nucleotide primers in accordance with the invention, the hybridization position of which is located respectively on the 5 ′ side and on the 3 ′ side of the target nucleic acid, the amplification of which is sought; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the amplification reaction.
- Such an amplification kit or kit will advantageously comprise at least one pair of nucleotide primers as described above.
- the invention also relates to methods of screening for candidate compounds interacting with an F-box polypeptide as defined in the present description.
- the first step towards using the Fbox proteins as a therapeutic target is the identification of the substrates targeted for the degradation by these variable components of the E3-SCF complexes.
- the identification and characterization of these targets can in particular provide essential information on the biological mechanisms in which they operate.
- the methods for identifying the polypeptides which interact with the Fbox proteins of the present invention are varied and include duplicate experiments in yeast as well as phage display methods; these methods have the advantage that the nucleic sequence coding for the interacting peptides is identified simultaneously, unlike other more biochemical methods which require protein sequencing.
- the double hybrid in yeast can be used to screen a mammalian (human) cDNA expression library, where a cDNA is fused to the DNA binding domain or the activator domain of GAL4, and the nucleic acid encoding the peptide of interest, like the target protein, is also fused either to the activator domain or to the DNA binding domain of GAL4 respectively (Gyuris et al., 1993).
- the double hybrid was developed to detect specific protein-protein interactions.
- One aspect of the present invention is to use a protein to detect interactants. This protein, which can be an F-box protein (truncated or not), is used as bait to identify one or more potential target substrates.
- target substrates of interest can be used to identify the ubiquitin ligase or the ubiquitin ligase complex responsible for its degradation.
- the target polypeptide (s) can also be identified by "phage display” technology.
- a phage display library is a protein expression library constructed in a phage-type vector which expresses a collection of cloned protein sequences in fusion with a protein of the phage wall. This particular construction allows expression of the fusion protein outside of the phage particle. This arrangement therefore promotes interaction between the recombinant protein exposed at the level of the wall and an immobilized ligand protein.
- the Fbox protein is for example immobilized on a solid matrix and a solution containing the phages is passed over this support. The phages selected and the nature of the protein they express are then analyzed.
- the target partners of an Fbox protein can also be identified in the following manner.
- a peptide corresponding to a Fbox protein concerned by the present invention which may or may not have undergone post-translational modifications is immobilized on a resin, for example an activated resin NHS-sepharose® (pharmacia).
- a cell lysate, for example of HELA cells or other suitable cells is fractionated on the affinity column prepared according to a standard method. After washing, the proteins retained on the column are eluted by increasing the ionic strength of the washes or by competitive elution with peptides representing the Fbox protein.
- proteins cells are then identified by one or other of the combinations of techniques mentioned below: fractionation on SDS PAGE gel, followed or not by a western-blot, once purified from the gel and optionally partially hydrolyzed, the proteins can be characterized more before using peptide micro-sequencing or MALDI-TOF analysis.
- the invention also relates to a method for screening candidate compounds binding to an F-box polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) bringing into contact an F-box polypeptide as defined above with at least one candidate compound to be tested; b) detecting the complexes possibly formed between said polypeptide and the candidate compound (s).
- the above screening method can also be characterized in that it comprises the following additional step: c) characterizing the candidate compound (s) having formed a complex with the F-box polypeptide.
- the box F polypeptide is immobilized beforehand on a support.
- the candidate compound (s) are initially contained in the cell lysate of a culture of eukaryotic cells, preferably human cells.
- the candidate compound is the expression product of a phage constituting a combinatorial collection of phage clones ("phage display").
- the invention also relates to a method for screening candidate compounds binding to a box F polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) cultivating a recombinant host cell as defined above in a medium appropriate culture, such that said host cell produces an F-box polypeptide according to the invention; b) detecting the complexes possibly formed between the box F polypeptide and other compounds produced by the host cell.
- said method is characterized in that it is a double-hybrid system in which the host cell transfected in step a) is transfected with an acid nucleic acid coding for a box F polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide which is fused with a heterologous polypeptide, said heterologous polypeptide consisting of a first protein partner which, when it interacts specifically with a second protein partner, has the capacity to bind to a nucleic acid motif regulating the transcription of a reporter gene, for use in systems for detecting interactions of the “double-hybrid” type well known to those skilled in the art.
- a polypeptide can be, for example, the GAL4 protein or the LexA protein.
- the recombinant host cell is also co-transfected with a nucleic acid encoding the candidate compound in a form fused with the second protein partner mentioned above.
- the interaction between the box F polypeptide, or its fragment or its variant, and the candidate compound is detected by visualization of the activation or on the contrary of the inhibition of the reporter gene also contained in the recombinant host cell. co-transfected.
- the invention also relates to a compound binding to a box F polypeptide as described above, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained by one of the above screening methods.
- the invention also relates to methods for screening for compounds modulating the interaction between an F-box polypeptide and a protein belonging to an SCF complex.
- the present invention provides methods for identifying drugs that are either agonists either antagonists of the normal cellular function of the Fbox proteins, or of the role of the Fbox proteins in the pathogenesis of normal or abnormal cell proliferation and / or differentiation caused by the ubiquitination of a protein by a process dependent on a Fbox protein.
- the tests assess the ability of a compound to modulate the association and / or ubiquitination of a target protein (cellular or viral) by an E3 complex of the SCF type.
- modulators can be used for example in the treatment of proliferative or differential disorders, to modulate apoptosis and in the treatment of viral infections.
- Methodologies which allow the ubiquitination of a target protein by a pathway dependent on Fbox proteins include acellular systems, using for example purified proteins or lysates, as well as cellular systems using intact cells (mammalian, human cells, insect or yeast). Single binding experiments can also be used to detect agents that prevent ubiquitination by binding, for example, to the substrate or the Fbox protein.
- the agents tested to be inhibitors can be produced by bacteria, yeasts or other organisms (natural products) or chemically produced (small nucleic or chemical molecules).
- Tests in acellular systems can be used to identify compounds capable of interacting with an Fbox protein or one of its partners to modify the activity of the Fbox protein or of its partner. Such a compound can for example modify the structure of an Fbox protein or of its partner and therefore affect its activity. These tests can also be used to identify compounds that modulate the interaction of the Fbox protein and a partner of this protein.
- These tests essentially consist of a reaction mixture comprising the Fbox protein, the compound to be tested or a library of compounds in the presence or absence of the binding partner.
- the compounds tested can be a derivative of the partner of the Fbox protein, for example an inactive target peptide, or a small chemical or nucleic molecule (aptamers).
- An example of screening of this invention could consist in detecting the formation of a complex between a Fbox protein of the invention and one of its partners in the presence of a compound or of a library of compounds.
- the molecule can be labeled with a specific marker, and the compound (s) with a different marker.
- the interaction of the compound with the Fbox protein or the partner of the Fbox protein can be detected by determining the level of the two labels after an incubation and washing step. If the two markings are present this means that there has been interaction.
- An interaction between two molecules can also be determined using real-time biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) which detects surface plasmon resonance, an optical phenomenon. Detection depends on changes in the mass concentration of macromolecules on the interface, and does not require any prior labeling.
- a bank of test compounds can be immobilized on a sensitive surface. A solution containing the Fbox protein or a partner of this protein is then poured continuously onto this surface. A change in the detectable resonance angle by recording the signals indicates that an interaction has occurred. This technique is described in the BIAtechnology book by Pharmacia.
- Another example of a screening experiment of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) carrying out a reaction mixture comprising, an Fbox protein, a partner of this Fbox, and a compound to be tested; (b) detecting the interaction between the Fbox protein and its partner.
- This Fbox protein and its partner can be produced by recombinant technology, be purified or synthesized chemically.
- a significant statistical change (activation or inhibition) in the interaction of the Fbox protein and its partner in the presence of a compound indicates a potential agonist (mimetic or activator) or antagonist (inhibitor).
- the effectiveness of the compound can be tested by performing dose-response studies using different concentrations of the compound.
- the formation of a complex between an Fbox protein and its partner can be detected by a variety of techniques.
- the modulation of the formation of the complexes can be quantified using for example labeled proteins detectable by means of radiolabelling, fluorescent or enzymatic labeling.
- Fbox protein or its partner it is desirable to immobilize the Fbox protein or its partner to facilitate the separation of the complexes from the uncomplexed forms and facilitate the automation of the experiment.
- the connection can be carried out in microtitration plates, test tubes, microtubes, any dish making it possible to contain the different reagents.
- a fusion protein can be produced which allows the protein to bind to a matrix.
- Fbox / GST (glutathione S transferase) fusion proteins can be adsorbed on sepharose beads which are then placed in the presence of the 35 S labeled partner and the test compound. This mixture is incubated under conditions favorable to the formation of the complex, physiological conditions in terms of salt and pH for example.
- the beads are washed to remove any unbound material, the matrix immobilized and the radioactivity determined directly (the beads are placed in scintillation liquid for example), or in the supernatant after dissociation of the complexes.
- the complexes can also be dissociated from the matrix, separated by an SDS-PAGE type electrophoresis, and the level of Fbox or partner protein found in the bead fraction quantified on gel using standard electrophoresis techniques.
- the interaction between two molecules can also be determined using the FRET (Fluorescence resonance energy transfer) technique.
- FRET Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- the principle is based on the fact that the energy transfer which occurs between two fluorophores when they are close ( ⁇ 10nm), and that the emission spectrum of the first fluorophore (the donor) covers the excitation spectrum of the second (the acceptor).
- a close association between two adapted fluorophores and the excitation of the donor therefore results in an increase in the fluorescence of the acceptor and / or a decrease in the fluorescence of the donor by FRET (Herman, 1989).
- This technique can in particular be applied to the study of the interaction between Fbox proteins and their substrates and be used to identify inhibitors or activators of the interaction. Since FRET is a non-destructive spectroscopic method for measuring molecular interactions, it can be performed on living cells.
- the invention therefore also relates to a method for screening for compounds modulating the interaction between an F-box polypeptide and a protein belonging to an SCF complex, comprising the following steps: a) contacting an F-box polypeptide such as defined above, a protein belonging to an SCF complex and the candidate compound to be tested; b) detecting the complexes possibly formed between the F-box polypeptide and the protein belonging to the SCF complex.
- the invention also provides cellular experimental methods for identifying agonist or antagonist agents modulating the activity of Fbox proteins.
- the effect of a compound on the expression of a gene encoding an Fbox protein can be determined by transfection experiments using a reporter gene.
- This reporter gene can be any gene encoding a quantifiable protein, for example luciferase or the CAT gene. The level of expression of this reporter gene is then determined in the presence or absence of the compound.
- Another application of cellular methods is the double hybrid in yeast (Gyuris et al., 1993), suitable for the isolation of natural (from a cDNA expression bank), or synthetic (d 'a library of random reading frames expression), interacting with a polypeptide of the invention. This The interacting polypeptide can then be used to detect an increase or decrease in its interaction with the Fbox protein, thus allowing the identification of agonists or antagonists.
- the conjugation system can be performed in whole cells, taking advantage of cell culture techniques.
- the conjugation system can be formed in a cultured eukaryotic cell system, including mammalian and yeast cells.
- the advantages of carrying out the experiment in an intact cell include the possibility of detecting inhibitors which are functional in an environment closer to that which the therapeutic use of the inhibitor will require, including the agent's ability to enter the cell.
- some of the in vivo experiments are compatible with large-scale analysis, as indicated below.
- the components of the ubiquitin conjugation system can be endogenous to the cell selected to perform the experiment. Otherwise, some or all of the components may come from exogenous sources.
- fusion proteins can be introduced into the cell by recombinant techniques (such as the use of an expression vector), or by microinjecting into the cell the fusion protein itself or the mRNA encoding it. protein. In all cases, the cell is only manipulated after incubation with a candidate inhibitor in order to facilitate the detection of ubiquitination or the degradation of the target.
- the effectiveness of the inhibitor candidate is evaluated by measuring direct characteristics of the target protein, such as the change in molecular weight by electrophoretic methods, or by detection in a binding test.
- the cell must be lysed at the end of the incubation with the candidate agent, and the lysate manipulated in a detection step in the same manner as above.
- the use of a reporter gene may also prove to be judicious.
- a reporter gene includes any gene that expresses a detectable product, in the form of RNA or protein. The preferred reporter genes are those that are directly detectable.
- This reporter gene can be included in a construct in the form of a fusion gene with the target protein of interest.
- reporter genes include the CAT (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) gene (Alton and Vapnek, 1979), luciferase, and other enzymatic detection systems such as beta-galactosidase, bacterial luciferase, alkaline phosphatase, etc.
- the product of the reporter gene is detected by an intrinsic activity associated with this product, for example, the reporter gene can encode the product of a gene with activity detectable by color, fluorescence, or luminescence.
- the level of expression of the reporter gene is then compared to the level of expression in the same cell in the absence of the test compound. The slightest statistical or other difference indicates that the compound has somehow altered the activity of the ligase.
- a subject of the invention is also a method for screening for compounds modulating the interaction between an F-box polypeptide and a protein belonging to an SCF complex or a target protein, comprising the following steps: a) co-transfect or co-transform a recombinant host cell according to one of claims 11 or 12 with a vector encoding a protein belonging to an SCF complex or a target protein, in a double-hybrid system; b) incubating the host cell obtained in step a) with the candidate compound to be tested; c) detecting changes in the interaction between the F-box polypeptide and the protein belonging to an SCF complex or a target protein.
- the invention also relates to a compound modulating the interaction between a box F polypeptide as defined above and a protein belonging to an SCF complex or a target protein, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained according to the above screening method.
- the invention therefore provides means for stabilizing the target of an ubiquitin ligase in vivo by preventing its ubiquitination and therefore its degradation.
- these inhibitors prevent the interaction of ubiquitin ligase with a target polypeptide.
- the inhibitor is a small molecule.
- the mechanism of inhibition can be competitive or non-competitive, and the target polypeptide can be a cellular protein, a protein encoded by a pathogenic organism. Effective competitive inhibitors can, for example, prevent the interaction between ubiquitin ligase and the target protein.
- Non-competitive inhibitors may include, for example, compounds which bind to a region of the target polypeptide other than the region of interaction with ubiquitin ligase and alter the structure of the region of interaction.
- Such allosteric non-competitors have certain advantages, they can in particular provide a very high degree of specificity of inhibition because they will not be able to bind to other targets of ubiquitin ligase.
- ubiquitin ligase inhibitors can mimic the polypeptide structure of the ubiquitin ligase or target interaction region. Such inhibitors prevent the ubiquitin ligase from recruiting the target polypeptide. Depending on the structure of the inhibitor, the inhibition of recruitment can be very specific for the target or affect the recruitment of other polypeptides which are the target of the same ubiquitin ligase. For example, specific inhibitors can mimic the WD structure of the polypeptide sequence that interacts with the target protein. These competitive inhibitors of WD repeats bind to the target protein, thus preventing its interaction with the WD repeats of an Fbox protein contained in an ubiquitin ligase of the SCF type.
- the molecules sought will be molecules capable of inhibiting or activating the ubiquitin ligase activity with respect to its substrates thanks in particular to functional tests making it possible to visualize this ubiquitin ligase activity in vivo or in vitro.
- an Fbox protein or one of its peptide derivatives can also be envisaged.
- compounds or methods which increase the activity of an Fbox protein can be used in the treatment of proliferative disorders.
- Symptoms of cancer could be alleviated by the use of a compound that stimulates the activity of an Fbox protein.
- a decrease in the activity or expression of an Fbox whose substrate is a positive regulator of the cell cycle, like a member of the cyclin family will result in an increase in cell proliferation.
- an increase in the level of expression or activity of the Fbox could allow the improvement of the symptoms.
- compounds which decrease or inactivate an Fbox protein can be used in therapy to improve the symptoms of. proliferative disease.
- an Fbox protein normally responsible for the degradation of an inhibitor of the cell cycle becomes too active following a mutation, the use of a drug which limits its activity could prove useful to limit certain symptoms of disease and in particular cell proliferation.
- the expression of a mutant called " ⁇ F” of the Fbox protein is also a strategy of choice to block the degradation of the substrate.
- a mutant " ⁇ F” is a derivative of the Fbox protein no longer comprising the F-box motif which will have been deleted. Such a derivative is capable of interacting with the substrate but is no longer capable of interacting with the common subunits of the SCF complex.
- the overproduction of the Fbox mutant " ⁇ F” protects the substrate from recruitment by the corresponding endogenous SCF complex and therefore prevents ubiquitination and the concomitant degradation of this substrate.
- Such a stabilization effect by protection has been reported in the case of the Fbox protein ⁇ -TrcP with respect to the inhibitory factor l ⁇ B ⁇ .
- the expression of a peptide from the Fbox protein region that allows this protein to interact with a substrate will inhibit the interaction between the corresponding endogenous SCF complex and this substrate. This inhibition of the interaction will lead to a decrease in the ubiquitination of the substrate and therefore to its stabilization.
- the therapeutic agents modulating the activity of the SCF complexes may be nucleic acids. They can act either on their own, for example aptamers modulating an interaction, even through the protein they code, such as, for example, sequences coding for a peptide serving as a competitive inhibitor. They may also be non-natural nucleic acids comprising modified nucleotides. In all cases, they must be brought into the cell by an appropriate vector, the nature of which will depend on the progress of vectorization techniques. They may, for example, be vectors for viral or bacterial expression and penetration, colloidal dispersion system or liposomes. In the case of nucleic acids to be expressed, they must include, in addition to the coding sequence, all the sequences allowing expression in the target host cells.
- Viral vectors which can be used to introduce a nucleic acid sequence into the target cells of a patient include, but are not limited to, vaccinia, herpes or retrovirus or adenovirus derivatives . In all cases, the vectors used will be defective, that is to say non-pathogenic.
- the other means of introducing the nucleic acids into the patient's cells are the colloidal dispersion systems. These include macromolecular complexes, nanocapsules, microspheres, beads, systems involving emulsions of lipids in water, micelles, and liposomes.
- the nucleic acids are encapsulated in an artificial membrane vesicle. Introduced into the body, the liposomes fuse with the patient's targets and thus deliver the nucleic acids. Preferably these liposomes will preferentially merge with specific cells.
- the invention covers transgenic plants or animals one or more of the Fboxes presented here. These transgenic organisms can be obtained using the nucleic acid sequence of the invention.
- transgenic organisms can be used to express a whole or truncated Fbox protein, or to inactivate a Fbox protein (knockout). These latter organisms (foreign mice for example), mutants for an Fbox protein, can in particular be used for the search for drugs which attenuate or suppress the effects of the absence of the protein.
- the methods for obtaining such transgenic organisms are well known.
- Knockout mice for example, are obtained by homologous integration of a construct in a mouse embryonic stem cell (ES cell), a construct which codes for the gene to be inactivated.
- the construction sequence is modified and ideally allows the joint integration of a positive selection marker (a gene for resistance to neomycin for example) at the locus of the gene to be inactivated.
- the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a nucleic acid according to the invention or a recombinant vector as defined above, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of an F-box polypeptide, a fragment or a variant of this polypeptide, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- Fbox proteins as a component of ubiquitin SCF ligase complexes, could therefore be the products of oncogenes or suppressor genes tumors, depending on the regulatory proteins of the cell cycle, the abundance of which they regulate.
- the Fbox proteins, its analogs, derivatives and consequently the nucleic sequences of the Fbox proteins, or the anti-Fbox protein antibodies can therefore have their usefulness in diagnostics.
- the nucleic acid sequences of the new Fbox proteins can be used to detect, predict or diagnose disorders such as tumorigenesis, carcinomas, adenomas, etc., by looking for possible mutations for example (deletions, changes in the sequence, etc.) .).
- the activity of these ubiquitin ligases can also be tested in various pathologies in order to detect a possible change in their level of expression and their possible implication in the pathology considered.
- the molecules of the invention can thus be used in immunological tests using techniques such as immunoblots, radioisotope immunohistochemistry, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) tests, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion tests, tests agglutination to name some.
- immunological tests using techniques such as immunoblots, radioisotope immunohistochemistry, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) tests, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion tests, tests agglutination to name some.
- the Fbox genes can also be used in hybridization tests with the aim of detecting, diagnosing disorders or diseases associated with changes in the expression or activity of the Fbox proteins. These hybridization tests are carried out by bringing together a sample containing nucleic acids (such as a tissue section) with a nucleic probe capable of hybridizing to RNA OR Fbox protein DNA under favorable conditions. to hybridization.
- a sample containing nucleic acids such as a tissue section
- a nucleic probe capable of hybridizing to RNA OR Fbox protein DNA under favorable conditions.
- Diseases or disorders inducing cell over-proliferation can be diagnosed or detected (or their predisposition) by looking for decreases in the expression of an Fbox protein or its RNA, or in its activity (for example, ubiquitin ligase activity, binding to the Fbox domain, etc.), or by detecting mutations in the RNA, DNA or protein sequence of an Fbox (e.g., deletions, translocations) that cause a decrease in expression or 'activity.
- the level of Fbox protein can be detected by immunochemistry, the level of RNA by hybridization (northern blot, in situ hybridization).
- the activity of Fbox can be detected by measuring ubiquitin ligase E3 activity.
- the binding activity can be tested by measuring the binding to the Skp1 protein.
- Translocations, deletions and point mutations in the Fbox nucleic sequences can be detected by Southern blot, FISH, RFLP analysis, SSCP, PCR, sequencing. Etc.
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002337248A AU2002337248A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-08-01 | Nucleic acids coding for novel fbox proteins, their diagnostic and therapeutic uses |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0110363A FR2828208A1 (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | Acides nucleiques codant de nouvelles proteines a boite f, leurs utilisations en diagnostic et en therapie |
FR0110363 | 2001-08-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003012103A2 true WO2003012103A2 (fr) | 2003-02-13 |
WO2003012103A3 WO2003012103A3 (fr) | 2004-04-22 |
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PCT/FR2002/002783 WO2003012103A2 (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-08-01 | Acides nucleiques codant de nouvelles proteines a boite f, leurs utilisations en diagnostic et en therapie |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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AU (1) | AU2002337248A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2828208A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003012103A2 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7083927B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2006-08-01 | Bionomics Limited | Gene BN01 mapping to chromosome 16q24.3 |
WO2011098449A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | Novartis Ag | Procédés et composés pour la croissance de muscle |
CN102382829A (zh) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-03-21 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所 | Fbxl15蛋白抑制剂以及它们的应用 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060088846A1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2006-04-27 | Michele Pagano | Methods to identify compounds useful for the treatment of proliferative and differentiative disorders |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09507121A (ja) * | 1993-10-26 | 1997-07-22 | アフィマックス テクノロジーズ ナームロゼ ベノートスハップ | 生物学的チップ上の核酸プローブアレー |
US6573094B1 (en) * | 1997-10-16 | 2003-06-03 | Baylor College Of Medicine | F-box genes and proteins |
EP1108008A4 (fr) * | 1998-08-28 | 2004-12-08 | Univ New York | Nouvelles ubiquitine ligases utiles comme cibles therapeutiques |
AU5322900A (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-28 | Yale University | Modulation of protein levels using the scf complex |
-
2001
- 2001-08-01 FR FR0110363A patent/FR2828208A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-08-01 WO PCT/FR2002/002783 patent/WO2003012103A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-01 AU AU2002337248A patent/AU2002337248A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7556920B2 (en) | 2001-01-08 | 2009-07-07 | Bionomics Limited | Gene BNO1 mapping to chromosome 16q24.3 |
US7083927B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2006-08-01 | Bionomics Limited | Gene BN01 mapping to chromosome 16q24.3 |
WO2011098449A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | Novartis Ag | Procédés et composés pour la croissance de muscle |
CN102382829A (zh) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-03-21 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所 | Fbxl15蛋白抑制剂以及它们的应用 |
CN102382187A (zh) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-03-21 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所 | Fbxl15蛋白片段及其编码基因和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2828208A1 (fr) | 2003-02-07 |
AU2002337248A1 (en) | 2003-02-17 |
WO2003012103A3 (fr) | 2004-04-22 |
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