WO2000063990A2 - Device and method for humidifying a fuel cell membrane and fuel cell - Google Patents
Device and method for humidifying a fuel cell membrane and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000063990A2 WO2000063990A2 PCT/DE2000/001299 DE0001299W WO0063990A2 WO 2000063990 A2 WO2000063990 A2 WO 2000063990A2 DE 0001299 W DE0001299 W DE 0001299W WO 0063990 A2 WO0063990 A2 WO 0063990A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- sorption
- cathode
- moisture
- accumulator material
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 33
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for moistening a fuel cell membrane, and a fuel cell.
- a chemical reaction generates electricity in a fuel cell. Fuel and oxygen are converted into electrical energy and water as a reaction product.
- a fuel cell or PEM fuel cell essentially consists of an anode, a membrane and a cathode, which together form membrane
- Electrode unit or MEA can be called.
- the membrane consists of porous, electrically conductive material and is arranged between the anode and cathode in order to exchange ions.
- a fuel such as Hydrogen or methanol is supplied, while oxygen or air is supplied on the side of the cathode.
- oxygen or air is supplied on the side of the cathode.
- Protons or hydrogen ions are generated that move through the membrane to the cathode.
- the hydrogen ions react with the oxygen and water is formed.
- the reaction at the electrodes is as follows:
- Membrane of a fuel cell is effectively protected from drying out without having to carry an additional water tank. Furthermore, a fuel cell is to be created, the membrane of which is kept moist in an inexpensive and reliable manner
- the inventive device for moistening a fuel cell membrane comprises a sorption device with a Akkumulatorenmate ⁇ al for absorbing and releasing heat and moisture by means of sorption, which in this way to the
- Cathode exhaust gas flow and to the gas supply, in particular cathode gas supply, of a fuel cell can be coupled or coupled, that the accumulator material comes into contact with the cathode exhaust gas flow and with the gas supply alternately at times. This makes it possible to take the required moisture from the cathode exhaust gas flow or exhaust air flow and onto it Fuel cell supplied gas stream after
- the sorption device is advantageously rotatably mounted, for example in order to transfer the moisture by means of a rotational movement. This can be done alternately Moisture absorbing and releasing accumulator material come into contact cyclically with the respective gas streams.
- the device can have a plurality of flow areas separated from one another, which are preferably arranged in segments. This can do that
- Accumulator material is loaded and unloaded evenly and particularly effectively with the moisture.
- the sorption device is advantageously designed in a wheel-shaped or cylindrical manner, for example as a sorption wheel, in which the accumulator material is located. This allows particularly effective and effective moisture transfer to be carried out with little design effort.
- the sorption device can, for example, also be designed in the form of a wire barrel, which preferably contains a fabric, in particular a textile fabric, as the accumulator material. This solution is particularly inexpensive and less prone to failure.
- the accumulator material advantageously comprises a moisture-absorbing granulate such as, for example, silica gel, which results in a particularly high storage capacity for the moisture and thus a particularly high effectiveness in moisture transmission.
- a moisture-absorbing granulate such as, for example, silica gel
- moisture is absorbed from the cathode exhaust gas of a fuel cell by means of sorption from an accumulator material, and the accumulator material is subsequently fed to the cathode or
- cathode exhaust air and cathode supply air are alternately conveyed by a sorptive device or individual areas thereof.
- the sorption device advantageously rotates, as a result of which the moisture can be transferred effectively and in a space-saving manner.
- the sorption device is preferably simultaneously flowed through in different areas in each case by the cathode exhaust gas stream and by the gas which is fed to the cathode or anode, for example in the opposite direction. As a result, moisture transfer can take place continuously without a large amount
- a fuel cell is created which has a device according to the invention for moistening the fuel cell membrane.
- the device according to the invention is in particular a moisture exchanger through which the cathode exhaust air flow is dehumidified and the supply air flow is humidified.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically the side view of a sorption wheel
- Fig. 3 shows a fuel cell with a moisture exchanger according to the invention.
- Fig. 4 shows a modified version of the sorption unit.
- the moisture exchanger 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a sorption unit, which is designed here as a sorption wheel 10, which contains an accumulator material 21 in the form of a granulate.
- the accumulator material 21 is silica gel, which is particularly suitable for absorbing moisture.
- the sorption wheel 10 is coupled to the cathode exhaust air stream or cathode exhaust gas stream 20 of a fuel cell, which is not shown, via first connecting pieces 2a, 2b.
- the moisture exchanger 1 or the sorption wheel 10 is coupled to a gas feed stream 30, which leads to the fuel cell, via second connecting pieces 3a, 3b.
- the gas supply stream 30 is the outside air which is supplied as cathode supply air on the cathode side of the fuel cell.
- the sorption wheel 10 is rotatably supported about its axis A, the axis of rotation A and the directions of the cathode exhaust gas stream 20 and the gas feed stream 30 run parallel to each other.
- the direction of rotation of the sorption wheel is indicated by arrow B.
- the sorption wheel 10 has a first end face 11 and a second end face 12 which are provided with openings around the cathode exhaust gas or the cathode exhaust air and
- the openings on the two end faces 11, 12 of the moisture exchanger 1 are each arranged opposite one another, a plurality of openings forming a circle on each side of the sorption wheel 10.
- the radius of the circle or the distance of the openings from the axis of rotation A is chosen so that when the sorption wheel 10 rotates, the openings come to coincide with the respectively opposite first and second connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b.
- the connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b do not necessarily have to be part of the moisture exchanger 1, but can also be a cathode exhaust line or a
- the accumulator material 21 offers as large a surface as possible in order to be in contact with the cathode exhaust air flow or with the cathode supply air flow or generally with the gas flow to the cathode. In the present case, this is brought about by the design of the accumulator material 21 as fine-grained granules, which the respective gas stream permeates during operation.
- the interior of the first area 1 a is penetrated by the warm and moist cathode exhaust air from the fuel cell.
- the moist cathode exhaust air is conveyed through the first region 1 a of the moisture exchanger 1
- the accumulator mass or the accumulator material 21 which is located in the first region 1 a of the moisture exchanger, absorbs heat and moisture from the air flow by sorption.
- the moist air or moisture is bound or stored by accumulator material 21 in the first area 1 a. Due to the rotating movement of the moisture exchanger 1 in the direction of arrow B, the first region 1 a, which has taken up the warm air and the moisture, is conveyed to the gas supply stream 30 or to the cathode supply air. During the rotation of the moisture exchanger 1, further areas of its interior come into contact with the moist and warm cathode exhaust air and also absorb moisture and heat.
- the cathode air on the side located downstream of the moisture exchanger 1 is therefore relatively dry and cold in comparison to the cathode air before the moisture exchanger 1 flows through it.
- first area 1 a of the moisture exchanger 1 absorbs heat and moisture
- second area 1 b between the second connection pieces 3a, 3b of the gas supply to the fuel cell.
- This area 1 b previously absorbed heat and moisture from the cathode exhaust air and is now flowed through by the cathode supply air.
- the cathode inlet is e.g. Outside air, which is relatively dry and cold compared to the cathode air.
- the cathode supply air is heated by contact with the battery mass or the battery material 21 and absorbs the moisture stored in the battery material 21.
- the gas leading to the fuel cell is therefore moist and warm after flowing through the second region 1 b of the moisture exchanger 1. This moisture is then fed to the membrane or the MEA of the fuel cell.
- moisture exchanger 1 is divided into segments which are arranged in a star shape around the axis of rotation A.
- Connectors 3a, 3b which are arranged on the end faces 11, 12 of the moisture exchanger 1, are adapted to the shape of the respective individual segments. This results in a particularly uniform flow through the different areas of the moisture exchanger 1.
- the moisture exchanger 1 according to the invention connected in the cathode exhaust air flow and in the cathode supply air flow can be implemented very inexpensively and is therefore particularly suitable for series production.
- the MEA is effectively protected from drying out
- Figure 2 shows schematically a side view of the sorption wheel 10, as shown in Figure 1
- the connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b are connected to a housing that completely encloses the sorption wheel 10. This is shown partially broken away in FIG. 2. From this way, one can see directly onto the accumulator material 21 of the sorption wheel 10.
- the connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a , 3b are arranged in a fixed position, while the sorption wheel 10 rotates about an axis in the housing, as indicated by the arrow
- the cathode part 24 of the fuel cell 22 is connected to the cathode gas supply line 27, which in turn is connected to the connector 3a.
- the cathode gas line 28 connects the cathode part 24 to the connector 2a.
- the anode gas is supplied to the anode part 23 by the anode gas line 25
- the sorption wheel 10 is preferably divided into eight segments by a plurality of inner walls - as can be seen in FIG. 2 - if the sorption wheel rotates, each segment comes into flow contact with the connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b one after the other
- the line 25 can also be connected to the connector 3a in order to humidify the anode gas (gaseous fuel such as hydrogen) and not the cathode gas
- the sorption wheel 10 can be equipped with a number of short tubes filled with accumulator material instead of with inner segments, which are then arranged parallel to one another (and parallel to the axis of rotation) around the inner surface of the cylindrical wheel.
- the use of inner walls or pipes is advantageous because the mixture of water-containing exhaust gas with fresh cathode or anode gas is kept to a minimum. On the other hand, it is not always necessary to carry out this strict separation of the two different gas flows from one another. In the case of humidification of cathode gas, a mixture is tolerable to a certain degree.
- the body of the sorption wheel can be designed like a wire barrel without inner walls or tubes, as shown in FIG. 4.
- Such a bin is filled with accumulator material selected from any water absorbent fabric.
- the material can be a flat material such as cardboard or corrugated cardboard. It may be rolled up spirally so as to obtain preferable flow channels for the gas flow between adjacent layers of the spirally rolled material. In this way the mixing is limited.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Befeuchtung einer Brennstoffzellenmembran, sowie BrennstoffzelleDevice and method for moistening a fuel cell membrane, and fuel cell
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Befeuchtung einer Brennstoffzellenmembran, sowie eine Brennstoffzelle.The present invention relates to a device and a method for moistening a fuel cell membrane, and a fuel cell.
In einer Brennstoffzelle wird durch eine chemische Reaktion Strom erzeugt. Dabei wird Brennstoff und Sauerstoff in elektrische Energie und Wasser als Reaktionsprodukt umgewandelt. Eine Brennstoffzelle bzw. PEM-Brennstoffzelle besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Anode, einer Membran und einer Kathode, die zusammen Membran-A chemical reaction generates electricity in a fuel cell. Fuel and oxygen are converted into electrical energy and water as a reaction product. A fuel cell or PEM fuel cell essentially consists of an anode, a membrane and a cathode, which together form membrane
Elektroden-Einheit bzw. MEA genannt werden. Die Membran besteht aus porösem, elektrisch leitfähigem Material und ist zwischen der Anode und Kathode angeordnet um Ionen auszutauschen. Auf der Seite der Anode wird ein Brennstoff wie z.B. Wasserstoff oder Methanol zugeführt, während auf der Seite der Kathode Sauerstoff oder Luft zugeführt wird. An der Anode werden durch katalytische ReaktionenElectrode unit or MEA can be called. The membrane consists of porous, electrically conductive material and is arranged between the anode and cathode in order to exchange ions. On the anode side, a fuel such as Hydrogen or methanol is supplied, while oxygen or air is supplied on the side of the cathode. At the anode are caused by catalytic reactions
Protonen bzw. Wasserstoffionen erzeugt, die sich durch die Membran zur Kathode bewegen. An der Kathode reagieren die Wasserstoffionen mit dem Sauerstoff, und es bildet sich Wasser.Protons or hydrogen ions are generated that move through the membrane to the cathode. At the cathode, the hydrogen ions react with the oxygen and water is formed.
Die Reaktion an den Elektroden ist wie folgt:The reaction at the electrodes is as follows:
Anode: H2 → 2H+ + 2e" Anode: H 2 → 2H + + 2e "
Kathode: V_,O2 + 2H+ + 2e" → H2OCathode: V_, O 2 + 2H + + 2e " → H 2 O
Somit wird an den Elektroden Strom erzeugt, der einem Verbraucher zugeführt wird.Current is thus generated at the electrodes and is supplied to a consumer.
Derartige Brennstoffzellen sind aus vielfältigen Veröffentlichungen bekannt. Es besteht jedoch das Problem, daß die Membran bzw. die MEA feucht gehalten werden muß. Beim Austrocknen der Membran würde diese ihre lonenleitfähigkeit verlieren, und die Brennstoffzelle wäre nicht mehr funktionsfähig. In der US 5,432,020 wird daher vorgeschlagen, fein zerstäubtes Wasser mittels einer Einspritzdüse dem Gasstrom zur Brennstoffzelle hinzuzufügen Dadurch wird die Membran gekühlt und feuchtgehalten Ein Nachteil ist jedoch, daß ein zusätzlicher Wassertank notwendig ist und das Wasser z B durch eine Pumpe gefordert werden muß Darüber hinaus muß das Wasser vor Einfrieren geschützt werden, was weitere Maßnahmen erforderlich machtSuch fuel cells are known from a variety of publications. However, there is the problem that the membrane or the MEA must be kept moist. If the membrane dries out, it would lose its ionic conductivity and the fuel cell would no longer be functional. US Pat. No. 5,432,020 therefore proposes to add finely atomized water to the gas flow to the fuel cell by means of an injection nozzle. This cools the membrane and keeps it moist. A disadvantage, however, is that an additional water tank is necessary and the water, for example, has to be pumped the water must be protected from freezing, which requires further measures
Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Befeuchtung einer Brennstoffzellenmembran bereitzustellen, womit dieIt is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for moistening a fuel cell membrane, with which the
Membran einer Brennstoffzelle wirksam vor Austrocknen geschützt wird, ohne daß ein zusätzlicher Wassertank mitgefuhrt werden muß Weiterhin soll eine Brennstoffzelle geschaffen werden, deren Membran auf kostengünstige und zuverlässige Weise feuchtgehalten wirdMembrane of a fuel cell is effectively protected from drying out without having to carry an additional water tank. Furthermore, a fuel cell is to be created, the membrane of which is kept moist in an inexpensive and reliable manner
Diese Aufgabe wird gelost durch die Vorrichtung zur Befeuchtung einer Brennstoffzellenmembran gemäß Patentanspruch 1 , das Verfahren zur Befeuchtung einer Brennstoffzellenmembran gemäß Patentanspruch 7 und durch die Brennstoffzelle gemäß Patentanspruch 1 1 Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale, Aspekte und Details der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhangigen Ansprüchen, derThis object is achieved by the device for moistening a fuel cell membrane according to claim 1, the method for moistening a fuel cell membrane according to claim 7 and by the fuel cell according to claim 1 1. Further advantageous features, aspects and details of the invention result from the dependent claims
Beschreibung und der ZeichnungDescription and the drawing
Die erfindungsgemaße Vorrichtung zur Befeuchtung einer Brennstoffzellenmembran umfaßt eine Sorptionseinrichtung mit einem Akkumulatorenmateπal zur Aufnahme und Abgabe von Warme und Feuchtigkeit mittels Sorption, die derart an denThe inventive device for moistening a fuel cell membrane comprises a sorption device with a Akkumulatorenmateπal for absorbing and releasing heat and moisture by means of sorption, which in this way to the
Kathodenabgasstrom und an die Gaszufuhr, insbesondere Kathodengaszufuhr, einer Brennstoffzelle koppelbar oder gekoppelt ist, daß das Akkumulatorenmatenal zeitlich wechselweise mit dem Kathodenabgasstrom und mit der Gaszufuhr in Kontakt gerat Dadurch wird es möglich, die benotigte Feuchtigkeit dem Kathodenabgasstrom bzw - abluftstrom zu entnehmen und auf den der Brennstoffzelle zugefuhrten Gasstrom nachCathode exhaust gas flow and to the gas supply, in particular cathode gas supply, of a fuel cell can be coupled or coupled, that the accumulator material comes into contact with the cathode exhaust gas flow and with the gas supply alternately at times. This makes it possible to take the required moisture from the cathode exhaust gas flow or exhaust air flow and onto it Fuel cell supplied gas stream after
Desorption zu übertragen, um damit die Membran-Elektroden-Einheit bzw MEA zu befeuchtenTransfer desorption to moisten the membrane electrode assembly or MEA
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Sorptionseinrichtung drehbar gelagert, um z B durch eine Rotationsbewegung die Feuchtigkeit zu übertragen Dadurch kann das wechselweise Feuchtigkeit aufnehmende und abgebende Akkumulatorenmaterial zyklisch mit den jeweiligen Gasströmen in Kontakt geraten.The sorption device is advantageously rotatably mounted, for example in order to transfer the moisture by means of a rotational movement. This can be done alternately Moisture absorbing and releasing accumulator material come into contact cyclically with the respective gas streams.
Die Vorrichtung kann mehrere voneinander getrennte Durchströmumgsbereiche aufweisen, die bevorzugt segmentweise angeordnet sind. Dadurch kann dasThe device can have a plurality of flow areas separated from one another, which are preferably arranged in segments. This can do that
Akkumuiatorenmaterial gleichmäßig und besonders wirksam mit der Feuchtigkeit beladen bzw. entladen werden.Accumulator material is loaded and unloaded evenly and particularly effectively with the moisture.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Sorptionseinrichtung radförmig oder zylindrisch, beispielsweise als Sorptionsrad ausgestaltet, in dem sich das Akkumulatorenmaterial befindet. Dadurch kann bei geringem konstruktiven Aufwand eine besonders wirksame und effektive Feuchtigkeitsübertragung erfolgen. Die Sorptionseinrichtung kann beispielsweise auch in Form einer Drahttonne gestaltet sein, die bevorzugt ein Gewebe, insbesondere ein Textilgewebe, als Akkumulatorenmaterial enthält. Diese Lösung ist besonders kostengünstig und wenig störanfällig.The sorption device is advantageously designed in a wheel-shaped or cylindrical manner, for example as a sorption wheel, in which the accumulator material is located. This allows particularly effective and effective moisture transfer to be carried out with little design effort. The sorption device can, for example, also be designed in the form of a wire barrel, which preferably contains a fabric, in particular a textile fabric, as the accumulator material. This solution is particularly inexpensive and less prone to failure.
Das Akkumulatorenmaterial umfaßt vorteilhafterweise ein feuchteabsorbierendes Granulat wie beispielsweise Silikagel, wodurch sich eine besonders hohe Speicherkapazität für die Feuchtigkeit und damit eine besonders große Wirksamkeit bei der Feuchteübertragung ergibt.The accumulator material advantageously comprises a moisture-absorbing granulate such as, for example, silica gel, which results in a particularly high storage capacity for the moisture and thus a particularly high effectiveness in moisture transmission.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Befeuchtung einer Brennstoffzellenmembran wird Feuchtigkeit aus dem Kathodenabgas einer Brennstoffzelle mittels Sorption von einem Akkumulatorenmaterial aufgenommen, und das Akkumulatorenmaterial wird anschließend mit der Gaszufuhr zur Kathode oderIn the method according to the invention for moistening a fuel cell membrane, moisture is absorbed from the cathode exhaust gas of a fuel cell by means of sorption from an accumulator material, and the accumulator material is subsequently fed to the cathode or
Anode in Kontakt gebracht, um die Feuchtigkeit durch Desorption an das zugeführte Gas abzugeben. Hierdurch wird das an der Kathode entstehende Wasser zur Befeuchtung der Membran eingesetzt, wodurch aufwendige konstruktive Maßnahmen, wie z.B. ein Wassertank und eine Wasserpumpe überflüssig werden und eine Kosteneinsparung erfolgen kann.Anode contacted to release the moisture to the supplied gas by desorption. As a result, the water generated at the cathode is used to moisten the membrane, resulting in complex design measures, such as a water tank and a water pump become superfluous and cost savings can be made.
Bevorzugt wird abwechselnd Kathodenabluft und Kathodenzuluft (z.B. Sauerstoff) durch eine Sorptioπseinrichtung bzw. einzelne Bereiche davon gefördert. Vorteilhafterweise rotiert die Sorptionseinrichtung, wodurch die Übertragung der Feuchtigkeit effektiv und platzsparend erfolgen kann. Die Sorptionseinrichtung wird bevorzugt gleichzeitig in jeweils unterschiedlichen Bereichen vom Kathodenabgasstrom und vom Gas, das der Kathode oder Anode zugeführt wird, z.B. in entgegengesetzter Richtung durchströmt. Dadurch kann kontinuierlich eine Feuchtigkeitsübertragung stattfinden, ohne daß ein großerAlternately, cathode exhaust air and cathode supply air (for example oxygen) are alternately conveyed by a sorptive device or individual areas thereof. The sorption device advantageously rotates, as a result of which the moisture can be transferred effectively and in a space-saving manner. The sorption device is preferably simultaneously flowed through in different areas in each case by the cathode exhaust gas stream and by the gas which is fed to the cathode or anode, for example in the opposite direction. As a result, moisture transfer can take place continuously without a large amount
Platzbedarf besteht.Space is required.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung wird eine Brennstoffzelle geschaffen, die eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Befeuchtung der Brennstoffzellenmembran aufweist.According to a further aspect of the invention, a fuel cell is created which has a device according to the invention for moistening the fuel cell membrane.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist insbesondere ein Feuchtetauscher, durch den der Kathodenabluftstrom entfeuchtet wird und der Zuluftstrom befeuchtet wird.The device according to the invention is in particular a moisture exchanger through which the cathode exhaust air flow is dehumidified and the supply air flow is humidified.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielhaft beschrieben.The invention is described below by way of example.
Dabei zeigt:It shows:
Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Feuchtetauscher,1 shows a longitudinal section through a moisture exchanger,
Fig. 2 schematisch die Seitenansicht eines Sorptionsrades undFig. 2 shows schematically the side view of a sorption wheel and
Fig. 3 eine Brennstoffzelle mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Feuchtetauscher. Fig. 4 eine abgewandelte Ausführung der Sorptionseinheit.Fig. 3 shows a fuel cell with a moisture exchanger according to the invention. Fig. 4 shows a modified version of the sorption unit.
Der in der Figur 1 gezeigte Feuchtetauscher 1 besteht aus einer Sorptionseinheit, die hier als Sorptionsrad 10 ausgebildet ist, das ein Akkumulatorenmaterial 21 in Form eines Granulats enthält. In der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform ist das Akkumulatorenmaterial 21 Silikagel, das zur Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit besonders geeignet ist. Über erste Anschlußstücke 2a, 2b ist das Sorptionsrad 10 an den Kathodenabluftstrom bzw. Kathodenabgasstrom 20 einer Brennstoffzelle, die nicht dargestellt ist, gekoppelt. Weiterhin ist der Feuchtetauscher 1 bzw. das Sorptionsrad 10 über zweite Anschlußstücke 3a, 3b an einen Gaszufuhrstrom 30, der zur Brennstoffzelle führt, gekoppelt. In der hier gezeigten bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Gaszufuhrstrom 30 die Außenluft, die auf der Kathodenseite der Brennstoffzelle als Kathodenzuluft zugeführt wird.The moisture exchanger 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a sorption unit, which is designed here as a sorption wheel 10, which contains an accumulator material 21 in the form of a granulate. In the embodiment shown here, the accumulator material 21 is silica gel, which is particularly suitable for absorbing moisture. The sorption wheel 10 is coupled to the cathode exhaust air stream or cathode exhaust gas stream 20 of a fuel cell, which is not shown, via first connecting pieces 2a, 2b. Furthermore, the moisture exchanger 1 or the sorption wheel 10 is coupled to a gas feed stream 30, which leads to the fuel cell, via second connecting pieces 3a, 3b. In the preferred embodiment shown here, the gas supply stream 30 is the outside air which is supplied as cathode supply air on the cathode side of the fuel cell.
Das Sorptionsrad 10 ist drehbar um seine Achse A gelagert, wobei die Drehachse A und die Richtungen des Kathodenabgasstroms 20 und des Gaszufuhrstroms 30 parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die Drehrichtung des Sorptionsrads ist durch den Pfeil B gekennzeichnet.The sorption wheel 10 is rotatably supported about its axis A, the axis of rotation A and the directions of the cathode exhaust gas stream 20 and the gas feed stream 30 run parallel to each other. The direction of rotation of the sorption wheel is indicated by arrow B.
Das Sorptionsrad 10 hat eine erste Stirnseite 1 1 und eine zweite Stirnseite 12, die mit Öffnungen versehen sind um das Kathodenabgas bzw. die Kathodenabluft und dieThe sorption wheel 10 has a first end face 11 and a second end face 12 which are provided with openings around the cathode exhaust gas or the cathode exhaust air and
Gaszufuhr zur Kathode hindurchzuführen. Die Öffnungen auf den beiden Stirnseiten 1 1 , 12 des Feuchtetauschers 1 sind dabei jeweils gegenüberliegend angeordnet, wobei auf jeder Seite des Sorptionsrads 10 eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen einen Kreis bilden. Der Radius des Kreises bzw. der Abstand der Öffnungen von der Drehachse A ist dabei so gewählt, daß bei einer Drehung des Sorptionsrads 10 die Öffnungen mit den sich jeweils gegenüberliegenden ersten und zweiten Anschlußstücken 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b zur Deckung kommen.Feed gas to the cathode. The openings on the two end faces 11, 12 of the moisture exchanger 1 are each arranged opposite one another, a plurality of openings forming a circle on each side of the sorption wheel 10. The radius of the circle or the distance of the openings from the axis of rotation A is chosen so that when the sorption wheel 10 rotates, the openings come to coincide with the respectively opposite first and second connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b.
Die Anschlußstücke 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b müssen nicht notwendigerweise Teil des Feuchtetauschers 1 sein, sondern können auch eine Kathodenabluftleitung bzw. eineThe connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b do not necessarily have to be part of the moisture exchanger 1, but can also be a cathode exhaust line or a
Gaszuleitung zur Kathode sein, die jeweils an beiden Seiten 1 1 , 12 des Sorptionsrads 10 bzw. Feuchtetauschers 1 direkt anschließen.Gas supply line to the cathode, which connect directly on both sides 1 1, 12 of the sorption wheel 10 or moisture exchanger 1.
Im Innenraum des Sorptionsrads 10 befindet sich eine Vielzahl von Kanälen, durch die im Betrieb die jeweiligen Gasströme geführt werden. Der Innenraum ist dabei so gestaltet, daß das Akkumulatorenmaterial 21 eine möglichst große Oberfläche bietet, um mit dem Kathodenabluftstrom bzw. mit dem Kathodenzuluftstrom oder allgemein mit dem Gasstrom zur Kathode in Kontakt zu stehen. Dies wird im vorliegenden Fall durch die Ausgestaltung des Akkumulatorenmaterials 21 als feinkörniges Granulat bewirkt, das im Betrieb vom jeweiligen Gasstrom durchsetzt wird.In the interior of the sorption wheel 10 there are a large number of channels through which the respective gas streams are guided during operation. The interior is designed so that the accumulator material 21 offers as large a surface as possible in order to be in contact with the cathode exhaust air flow or with the cathode supply air flow or generally with the gas flow to the cathode. In the present case, this is brought about by the design of the accumulator material 21 as fine-grained granules, which the respective gas stream permeates during operation.
Beim Betrieb des Sorptionsrads 10 wird ein erster Bereich 1 a in seinem Innenraum von der warmen und feuchten Kathodenabluft der Brennstoffzelle durchsetzt. Während die feuchte Kathodenabluft durch den ersten Bereich 1 a des Feuchtetauschers 1 gefördert wird nimmt die Akkumulatorenmasse bzw. das Akkumulatorenmaterial 21 , das sich im ersten Bereich 1 a des Feuchtetauschers befindet, durch Sorption Wärme und Feuchtigkeit aus dem Luftstrom auf. Dabei wird die feuchte Luft bzw. die Feuchtigkeit durch Akkumulatorenmaterial 21 im ersten Bereich 1 a gebunden bzw. gespeichert. Durch die rotierende Bewegung des Feuchtetauschers 1 in Pfeilrichtung B wird der erste Bereich 1 a, der die warme Luft und die Feuchtigkeit aufgenommen hat, zum Gaszufuhrstrom 30 bzw. zur Kathodenzuluft hin befördert. Während der Drehung des Feuchtetauschers 1 geraten weitere Bereiche seines Innenraums mit der feuchten und warmen Kathodenabluft in Kontakt und nehmen ebenfalls Feuchtigkeit und Wärme auf.When the sorption wheel 10 is in operation, the interior of the first area 1 a is penetrated by the warm and moist cathode exhaust air from the fuel cell. While the moist cathode exhaust air is conveyed through the first region 1 a of the moisture exchanger 1, the accumulator mass or the accumulator material 21, which is located in the first region 1 a of the moisture exchanger, absorbs heat and moisture from the air flow by sorption. The moist air or moisture is bound or stored by accumulator material 21 in the first area 1 a. Due to the rotating movement of the moisture exchanger 1 in the direction of arrow B, the first region 1 a, which has taken up the warm air and the moisture, is conveyed to the gas supply stream 30 or to the cathode supply air. During the rotation of the moisture exchanger 1, further areas of its interior come into contact with the moist and warm cathode exhaust air and also absorb moisture and heat.
Die Kathodenabiuft auf der stromabwärts des Feuchtetauschers 1 gelegenen Seite ist daher relativ trocken und kalt im Vergleich zur Kathodenabiuft vor Durchströmung des Feuchtetauschers 1.The cathode air on the side located downstream of the moisture exchanger 1 is therefore relatively dry and cold in comparison to the cathode air before the moisture exchanger 1 flows through it.
Während der erste Bereich 1 a des Feuchtetauschers 1 Wärme und Feuchtigkeit aufnimmt befindet sich ein zweiter Bereich 1 b zwischen den zweiten Anschlußstücken 3a, 3b der Gaszufuhr zur Brennstoffzelle. Dieser Bereich 1 b hat zuvor Wärme und Feuchtigkeit von der Kahodenabluft aufgenommen und wird nun von der Kathodenzuluft durchströmt. Die Kathodenzuluft ist z.B. Außenluft, die im Vergleich zur Kathodenabiuft relativ trocken und kalt ist. Bei der Durchströmung des zweitenWhile the first area 1 a of the moisture exchanger 1 absorbs heat and moisture, there is a second area 1 b between the second connection pieces 3a, 3b of the gas supply to the fuel cell. This area 1 b previously absorbed heat and moisture from the cathode exhaust air and is now flowed through by the cathode supply air. The cathode inlet is e.g. Outside air, which is relatively dry and cold compared to the cathode air. When flowing through the second
Bereichs 1 b des Feuchtetauschers 1 wird die Kathodenzuluft durch den Kontakt mit der Akkumulatorenmasse bzw. dem Akkumulatorenmaterial 21 erwärmt und nimmt die im Akkumulatorenmaterial 21 gespeicherte Feuchtigkeit auf. Das zur Brennstoffzelle hingeführte Gas ist daher nach Durchströmen des zweiten Bereichs 1 b des Feuchtetauschers 1 feucht und warm. Diese Feuchtigkeit wird nun der Membran bzw. der MEA der Brennstoffzelle zugeführt.Area 1 b of the moisture exchanger 1, the cathode supply air is heated by contact with the battery mass or the battery material 21 and absorbs the moisture stored in the battery material 21. The gas leading to the fuel cell is therefore moist and warm after flowing through the second region 1 b of the moisture exchanger 1. This moisture is then fed to the membrane or the MEA of the fuel cell.
Eine weitere besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß der Feuchtetauscher 1 in Segmente unterteilt ist, die sternförmig um die Drehachse A angeordnet sind. Die Öffnungen der ersten Anschlußstücke 2a, 2b und der zweitenAnother particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the moisture exchanger 1 is divided into segments which are arranged in a star shape around the axis of rotation A. The openings of the first fittings 2a, 2b and the second
Anschlußstücke 3a, 3b, die an den Stirnseiten 1 1 , 12 des Feuchtetauschers 1 angeordnet sind, sind dabei an die Form der jeweiligen einzelnen Segmente angepaßt. Dadurch ergibt sich eine besonders gleichmäßige Strömung durch die verschiedenen Bereiche des Feuchtetauschers 1.Connectors 3a, 3b, which are arranged on the end faces 11, 12 of the moisture exchanger 1, are adapted to the shape of the respective individual segments. This results in a particularly uniform flow through the different areas of the moisture exchanger 1.
Durch Kopplung des Feuchtetauschers 1 an den Kathodenabluftstrom und an den Kathodenzuluftstrom der Brennstoffzelle 1 und durch das Prinzip der Feuchteübertragung mittels Sorption und Desorption kann auf aufwendige konstruktive Maßnahmen verzichtet werden. Allgemein beinhaltet Sorption die Aufnahme und Bindung von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten durch Feststoffe, wobei Energie gespeichert wird und bei Bedarf durch Desorption wieder freigesetzt werden kann Diese Effekte werden hier in der Brennstoffzellentechnik, insbesondere für Automobile, eingesetztBy coupling the moisture exchanger 1 to the cathode exhaust air flow and to the cathode supply air flow of the fuel cell 1 and by the principle of moisture transfer by means of sorption and desorption, complex design measures can be dispensed with. Generally, sorption involves the uptake and binding of gases and liquids by solids, whereby energy is stored and can be released again if necessary by desorption. These effects are used here in fuel cell technology, especially for automobiles
Der in den Kathodenabluftstrom und in den Kathodenzuluftstrom geschaltete erfindungsgemaße Feuchtetauscher 1 laßt sich sehr kostengünstig realisieren und ist daher für die Serienfertigung besonders geeignet Die MEA wird wirksam vor dem Austrocknen geschütztThe moisture exchanger 1 according to the invention connected in the cathode exhaust air flow and in the cathode supply air flow can be implemented very inexpensively and is therefore particularly suitable for series production. The MEA is effectively protected from drying out
Figur 2 zeigt schematisch eine Seitenansicht des Sorptionsrades 10, wie es in Figur 1 dargestellt istFigure 2 shows schematically a side view of the sorption wheel 10, as shown in Figure 1
Die Anschlußstucke 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b sind an ein Gehäuse angeschlossen, dass das Sorptionsrad 10 vollständig umschließt In der Figur 2 ist dies teilweise weggebrochen dargestellt Man sieht aus diese Weise direkt auf das Akkumulatorenmateπal 21 des Sorptionsrades 10 Die Anschlußstucke 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b sind ortsfest angeordnet, wahrend das Sorptionsrad 10 sich im Gehauese - wie mit dem Pfeil angedeutet - um eine Achse drehtThe connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b are connected to a housing that completely encloses the sorption wheel 10. This is shown partially broken away in FIG. 2. From this way, one can see directly onto the accumulator material 21 of the sorption wheel 10. The connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a , 3b are arranged in a fixed position, while the sorption wheel 10 rotates about an axis in the housing, as indicated by the arrow
Der Kathodenteil 24 der Brennstoffzelle 22 ist mit der Kathodengaszuleitung 27 verbunden, die ihrerseits an den das Anschlußstuck 3a angeschlossen ist Die Kathodengasableitung 28 verbindet den Kathodenteil 24 mit dem Anschlußstuck 2a Das Anodengas wird durch die Anodengaszuleitung 25 dem Anodenteil 23 derThe cathode part 24 of the fuel cell 22 is connected to the cathode gas supply line 27, which in turn is connected to the connector 3a. The cathode gas line 28 connects the cathode part 24 to the connector 2a. The anode gas is supplied to the anode part 23 by the anode gas line 25
Brennstoffzelle 22 zugeführt und verlaßt es durch die Anodengasableitung 26Fuel cell 22 supplied and leaves through the anode gas discharge line 26th
Das Sorptionsrad 10 ist vorzugsweise durch mehrere Innenwan e in acht Segmente - wie aus der Figur 2 ersichtlich - unterteilt Dreht sich das Sorptionsrad, so kommt jedes Segment nacheinander in Durchflußkontakt mit den Anschlußstucken 2a, 2b, 3a, 3bThe sorption wheel 10 is preferably divided into eight segments by a plurality of inner walls - as can be seen in FIG. 2 - if the sorption wheel rotates, each segment comes into flow contact with the connecting pieces 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b one after the other
Nachdem die Feuchtigkeit aus dem Kathodenabgas durch Absorbtion des Wasserdampfes wahrend des Kontaktes mit den Anschlußstucken 2a, 2b zurückgewonnen wurde, dreht sich das entsprechende Segment und kommt in Kontakt mit den Anschlußstucken 3a, 3b, um den Kathodengasstrom durch das Anschlußstuck 3b zu befeuchten Dabei wird das absorbierte Wasser desorbiertAfter the moisture from the cathode exhaust gas has been recovered by absorbing the water vapor during contact with the connectors 2a, 2b, the corresponding segment rotates and comes into contact with the connectors 3a, 3b to moisten the cathode gas flow through the connector 3b absorbed water desorbed
Es ist klar, dass selbstverständlich anstatt der Leitung 27 auch die Leitung 25 mit dem Anschlußstuck 3a verbunden sein kann, um das Anodengas zu befeuchten ( gasformiger Brennstoff wie Wasserstoff) und nicht das Kathodengas Es ist auch möglich, dass das Sorptionsrad 10 anstatt mit Innensegmenten mit einer Anzahl kurzer Rohre, die mit Akkumulatorenmaterial gefüllt sind, auszustattet ist, wobei diese dann parallel zueinander ( und parallel zur Rotationsachse) um die innere Oberfläche des zylindrischen Rades angeordnet sind.It is clear that, of course, instead of the line 27, the line 25 can also be connected to the connector 3a in order to humidify the anode gas (gaseous fuel such as hydrogen) and not the cathode gas It is also possible for the sorption wheel 10 to be equipped with a number of short tubes filled with accumulator material instead of with inner segments, which are then arranged parallel to one another (and parallel to the axis of rotation) around the inner surface of the cylindrical wheel.
Die Verwendung von Innenwänden oder Rohren ist vorteilhaft, weil die Mischung von Wasser enthaltendem Abgas mit frischen Kathoden- oder Anodengas auf ein Minimum begrenzt wird. Andererseits ist es nicht in jedem Fall notwendig diese strikte Trennung der beiden unterschiedlichen Gasströme voneinander vorzunehmen. Im Fall der Befeuchtung von Kathodengas ist eine Mischung bis zu einem gewissen Grad tolerierbar. So kann der Körper des Sorptionsrades wie eine Drahttonne ohne Innenwände oder Rohre ausgebildet sein, wie dies die Figur 4 zeigt. Eine derartige Tonne ist mit Akkummulatorenmaterial gefüllt, und zwar ausgewählt aus irgendwelchen Wasser absorbierenden Textilgeweben. Das Material kann ein flaches Material wie Karton oder gewellter Karton sein. Es kann spiralförmig aufgerollt sein, um so vorzuziehende Durchflußkanäle für den Gasstrom zwischen benachbarten Lagen des spiralförmig aufgerollten Materials zu erhalten Auf diese Weise wird die Vermischung begrenzt. The use of inner walls or pipes is advantageous because the mixture of water-containing exhaust gas with fresh cathode or anode gas is kept to a minimum. On the other hand, it is not always necessary to carry out this strict separation of the two different gas flows from one another. In the case of humidification of cathode gas, a mixture is tolerable to a certain degree. The body of the sorption wheel can be designed like a wire barrel without inner walls or tubes, as shown in FIG. 4. Such a bin is filled with accumulator material selected from any water absorbent fabric. The material can be a flat material such as cardboard or corrugated cardboard. It may be rolled up spirally so as to obtain preferable flow channels for the gas flow between adjacent layers of the spirally rolled material. In this way the mixing is limited.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19918849.1 | 1999-04-19 | ||
| DE19918849A DE19918849C2 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 1999-04-19 | Device for moistening a fuel cell membrane and its use |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000063990A2 true WO2000063990A2 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
| WO2000063990A3 WO2000063990A3 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2000/001299 WO2000063990A2 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2000-04-19 | Device and method for humidifying a fuel cell membrane and fuel cell |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19918849C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000063990A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002075907A3 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2004-02-26 | Nissan Motor | Fuel cell system with humidifier |
| US7534510B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2009-05-19 | The Gillette Company | Fuel compositions |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004342372A (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system and vehicle equipped with the same |
| DE10329201B4 (en) * | 2003-06-28 | 2007-09-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | The fuel cell system |
| DE102011077692A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Siemens Ag | Electric energy storage |
| DE102011114721A1 (en) | 2011-10-01 | 2013-04-04 | Daimler Ag | Fuel cell system mounted in e.g. motor car, has sorption device with sorption material which is arranged in exhaust air duct or exhaust gas line, and thermally contacted with fuel cell and component requiring cold start condition |
| DE102017221896A1 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-06 | Audi Ag | A vehicle having a fuel cell system and method of treating a fluid exiting the fuel cell system |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5250368A (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1993-10-05 | Ergenics, Inc. | Extended cycle-life metal hydride battery for electric vehicles |
| DE19704888A1 (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-13 | Bhf Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh | Process for operating a boiler with condensing boiler use and boiler to implement the process |
| US6013385A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-01-11 | Emprise Corporation | Fuel cell gas management system |
| US5935726A (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-08-10 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for distributing water to an ion-exchange membrane in a fuel cell |
| BR9913672A (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2001-10-09 | Questair Technologies Inc | Electric current generation system |
| DE19902219C1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2000-06-08 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Process for operating a fuel cell system comprises removing moisture from a waste air stream of a fuel cell, desorbing the water and recycling |
-
1999
- 1999-04-19 DE DE19918849A patent/DE19918849C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-19 WO PCT/DE2000/001299 patent/WO2000063990A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002075907A3 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2004-02-26 | Nissan Motor | Fuel cell system with humidifier |
| US7033689B2 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2006-04-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
| US7534510B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2009-05-19 | The Gillette Company | Fuel compositions |
| US7989117B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2011-08-02 | The Gillette Company | Fuel compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000063990A3 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
| DE19918849C2 (en) | 2003-04-30 |
| DE19918849A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
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