WO1999037743A1 - Composition combustible produisant une flamme coloree - Google Patents
Composition combustible produisant une flamme coloree Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999037743A1 WO1999037743A1 PCT/BE1999/000005 BE9900005W WO9937743A1 WO 1999037743 A1 WO1999037743 A1 WO 1999037743A1 BE 9900005 W BE9900005 W BE 9900005W WO 9937743 A1 WO9937743 A1 WO 9937743A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- candle
- triethanolamine
- flame
- composition according
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical group NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HJVAFZMYQQSPHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O.OCCN(CCO)CCO HJVAFZMYQQSPHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000249914 Hemigraphis reptans Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009781 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009125 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000171022 Peltophorum pterocarpum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003476 thallium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C5/00—Candles
- C11C5/002—Ingredients
- C11C5/004—Ingredients dyes, pigments; products giving a coloured flame
Definitions
- the invention relates to a solid or liquid combustible composition, capable of burning by producing a flame of selected and varied color other than the usual color of a conventional flame.
- the present invention also relates to a candle or a colored flame lighting device prepared from said combustible composition.
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a colored flame candle.
- the term candle is used to designate any lighting device, functional or decorative, consisting of a generally braided wick wrapped in combustible fusible material making it possible to produce, by burning, flames with a height generally between 2 and 4 cm.
- the combustible fusible material is composed of waxes of various origins. At present, a mixture of paraffin, stearin and, in minor proportion, beeswax and mineral wax is mainly used as a combustible fusible material.
- compositions used mainly comprise (80 to 90% by weight) of paraffin and 10 to 20% by weight of stearin, in order to improve the melting properties of the composition, to give it better compatibility between its various constituents and preventing the composition from smoking during its combustion.
- the liquid mixture rises in the wick by the phenomenon of capillarity and ignites at the end of the wick.
- the flame temperature of a conventional candle is around 1000 to 1200 ° C.
- additives can be incorporated into the combustible fusible material, for example, agents that regulate the fluidity of the combustible material in the molten state, perfumes or fragrances, such as incense.
- the chromogenic agents conventionally used for the preparation of candles with a selected flame color consist, for example, of boric acid derivatives, copper compounds, thallium compounds, etc. for a green flame, the compounds of lithium, strontium, etc. for a red flame, the 2 copper halides for a blue flame, sodium derivatives for a yellow flame, lanthanum derivatives for an orange flame, etc.
- the molten mixture can rise by capillarity in the wick and ignite at its end.
- the rate of rise of the molten material in the wick is in equilibrium with the speed of consumption of this material in the flame.
- the rate of rise of the molten material in the wick is lower than the rate of consumption, the wick dries quickly of combustible material and it ends up burning itself. As a result, the length of the wick decreases and the candle goes out. Otherwise, the arrival of combustible material at the height of the flame is such that the flame grows, descends to the level of the molten crater which itself ignites, setting fire to the whole of the candle.
- the crater of molten material must contain a homogeneous mixture of the combustible solution, therefore comprising, in addition to the conventional components of a candle, the chromogenic agent and the compound whose combustion allows the temperature to rise. flame.
- the temperature of the molten material in the crater should ideally remain constant and be sufficient to ensure the fluidity of the mixture of molten material, so that it can rise into the wick by capillarity. On the other hand, at this temperature, the mixture must not be able to ignite spontaneously, failing which, the molten crater could ignite directly, setting fire to the whole of the candle.
- a combustible composition capable of burning with a flame of selected color
- a combustible composition consisting essentially of a chromogenic agent and triethanolamine.
- the chromogenic agent can be a mixture of different chromogenic agents.
- triethanolamine can be used very advantageously as an agent capable of raising the temperature of the flame to temperatures well above 1700 ° C., a temperature sufficient to excite conventional chromogenic agents.
- triethanolamine can replace all the conventional waxes used as a combustible fusible material, that is to say that unlike other agents capable of raising the temperature of the flame which are mentioned above, triethanolamine and the chromogenic agent alone can provide the combustible composition which will be used for the manufacture of the 4 candle.
- the other conventional components of the candle (waxes, paraffin, etc.), if they are present will only be present in a minority amount of less than 50% by weight of the composition, preferably less than 20% by weight). Given the very low cost of triethanolamine compared to the conventional constituents of waxes, this represents an advantage far from being negligible.
- the Applicant has found that boric acid and its derivatives, most of the copper, thallium, tellurium, strontium, calcium, lanthanum and sodium derivatives, etc. or, more generally, the inorganic or organometallic compounds conventionally used as chromogenic agents, are largely soluble in triethanolamine. Consequently, the combustible composition according to the invention is perfectly homogeneous at the time of its preparation for the manufacture of the candle, which has the consequence that the manufacture of the candle is simplified. On the other hand, a homogeneous composition is also obtained in the crater of molten material when the candle is used, which has the consequence that the mixture rising in the wick by capillary action and burning at its end is also perfectly homogeneous.
- a combustible composition according to the invention can comprise from 1 to 99% by weight of triethanolamine and the rest of the chromogenic agent.
- triethanolamine and the chromogenic agent can alone provide a combustible composition according to the invention.
- the composition also include stearin. It has in fact been observed that the addition of stearin prevents the combustible composition from smoking during its combustion and allows better melting of the mixture.
- a combustible composition according to the invention can comprise from 1 to 98% by weight of triethanolamine, from 1 to 98% by weight of stearin and the rest of the chromogenic agent.
- triethanolamine is its perfect compatibility with the conventional components of the waxes used in candles.
- the combustible composition be as homogeneous as possible, a result which it is possible to achieve by virtue of the compositions of the present invention, unlike the solutions recommended in the prior art.
- the chromogenic agent used is an ethanolamine compound such as triethanolamine borate if it is desired to obtain a flame 5 green.
- the chromogenic agent is almost infinitely soluble in the combustible composition and by increasing the concentration of this agent, the intensity of the color can be significantly improved.
- the ethanolamine derivatives appear to burn without forming an unattractive black combustion residue around the crater of molten material.
- the chromogenic agent is a mixture of several chromogenic agents, one, several or all of these can therefore be derivatives of ethanolamine.
- the combustible composition according to the present invention can be used in numerous applications such as fuel lamps, torches, etc., or in general, as fuel for any lighting device comprising a tank comprising a wick partially submerged in said tank, however since it was originally designed for the manufacture of candles, its main use will be as a candle.
- Such colored flame candles are used at various ceremonies, parties or events for religious or decorative purposes. This is why a second aspect of the invention relates to a candle with a colored flame, characterized in that it is composed essentially of triethanolamine and of a chromogenic agent in the solid state.
- the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a candle comprising the following steps: a) heating the triethanolamine to a temperature between 53 and 100 ° C; b) incorporation of the chromogenic agent into triethanolamine; c) optionally, incorporation of stearin into triethanolamine; d) pouring the homogeneous mixture obtained after the two or three preceding steps into a mold in which a wick has been previously fixed; e) cooling the composition cast in the mold; and f) demolding the candle.
- steps b) and c) can be reversed or implemented simultaneously. It will also be noted that the heating of the triethanolamine (step a)) can also be implemented before, during or after steps b) and c), or according to any other combination imaginable. However, the order a), b), c) is preferred because of the slow solubilization of the chromogenic agent which can take up to 6 hours. These incorporation steps b) and c) are preferably carried out with stirring and with heating until the chromogenic agent and, if appropriate, the stearin are completely dissolved.
- the wick used is a very classic wick of the large braided type.
- the cooling of step e) can be carried out by conventional means known to those skilled in the art such as immersion in a water bath, air cooling. 6 cold, or just storage at room temperature.
- the process indicated above can comprise an additional step (g)) of coating the candle consisting of immersing the candle once demolded in a bath of coating material in the liquid state.
- the coating material consists essentially of stearin optionally comprising a dye according to the appearance which it is desired to impart to the candle itself.
- the candle can also comprise various perfumes or fragrances well known to those skilled in the art so that, during the combustion of the candle, these various perfumes or fragrances are released into the atmosphere.
- the candle be made up of several superimposed sections of different compositions (particularly with regard to the chromogenic agent), so that during combustion, the color of the flame can change.
- Example 2 Candle with a green flame. 80 ml (90 g) are introduced into a container placed in a water bath and heated to between 90 and 95 ° C. 16 g of triethanolamine borate are then added little by little and with constant stirring. Then introduced, still in small quantities and with stirring, 16 g of stearin. The mixture thus obtained is poured hot into a cylindrical mold in which a large braided wick has previously been fixed. Leave to cool in the open air and unmold.
- Example 3 Green flame candle with a coating layer.
- Example 4 The candle obtained in Example 1 or 2 is immersed in a bath of molten stearin for 5 to 10 seconds and allowed to cool. 7 Example 4.
- the wicks of the candles prepared in Examples 1 to 3 are lit.
- the flame quickly reaches steady state.
- a flame of 2 to 4 cm in height is observed, which is extremely stable.
- the flame is bright green in color and its intensity is constant throughout the burning of the candle.
- the combustion is regular and observes, during this combustion, neither increase nor decrease in the diameter of the crater of molten material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/600,741 US6419713B1 (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-19 | Fuel composition producing a colored flame |
AU20421/99A AU2042199A (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-19 | Fuel composition producing a coloured flame |
CA002319616A CA2319616A1 (fr) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-19 | Composition combustible produisant une flamme coloree |
EP99900842A EP1049760A1 (fr) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-19 | Composition combustible produisant une flamme coloree |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9800047 | 1998-01-22 | ||
BE9800047 | 1998-01-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999037743A1 true WO1999037743A1 (fr) | 1999-07-29 |
Family
ID=3891062
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BE1999/000005 WO1999037743A1 (fr) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-19 | Composition combustible produisant une flamme coloree |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6419713B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1049760A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2042199A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2319616A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999037743A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1380638A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-14 | Xin Lu | Bougie à flamme de couleur et sa fabrication |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040009447A1 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2004-01-15 | Decker Dayna | Candle having a planar wick and a method of making it |
US8348662B2 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2013-01-08 | Lumetique, Inc. | Candle having a planar wick and method of and equipment for making same |
AU2003252572A1 (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-11 | Saintcross Co., Ltd. | A fuel composition and a device for colored flames |
USD678558S1 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2013-03-19 | Lumetique, Inc. | Candle having a planar or bent planar wick |
USD644359S1 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2011-08-30 | Lumetique, Inc. | Candle having a planar wick |
USD705459S1 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2014-05-20 | Lumetique, Inc. | Candle or oil lamp having a planar or bent planar wick |
US7524339B2 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2009-04-28 | Lumetique, Inc. | Lamp oil composition and lighter fluid composition |
US11834623B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2023-12-05 | Delcotto Ip, Llc | Wooden wicks including a booster for a candle and method of making |
US8708694B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2014-04-29 | Dream Wick Inc. | Wooden wicks including a booster for a candle and method of making |
US20080271365A1 (en) * | 2007-05-03 | 2008-11-06 | Jonathan Goldfarb | Long-Lasting Flame Colorant Composition, Device, And Method Of Production |
US7878796B1 (en) * | 2007-11-10 | 2011-02-01 | La Torre Innovations LLC | Colored flame candle |
US8894409B1 (en) | 2007-11-10 | 2014-11-25 | La Torre Innovation LLC | Colored flame candle |
US20100261124A1 (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2010-10-14 | Omer Neumeier | Menorah with candles that burn different colored flames |
US11220655B2 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2022-01-11 | Melynda S. Del Cotto | Wood wick coated with shavings |
US9816053B2 (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2017-11-14 | Melynda S DelCotto | Candle having a wooden wick with figured grain |
USD851813S1 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2019-06-18 | Lumetique, Inc. | Wick for candle or other lighting apparatus |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE530147C (de) * | 1927-11-01 | 1931-07-22 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Verfahren zum Faerben hoeherer Fettsaeuren |
US1816140A (en) * | 1929-10-22 | 1931-07-28 | Walter M Bain | Process for coloring paraffin wax and the like |
US2551574A (en) * | 1946-12-14 | 1951-05-08 | William M Fredericks | Clored flame candle and the method of making the same |
US3150510A (en) * | 1961-12-07 | 1964-09-29 | Emmett P Klopfenstein | Candle |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1617031C2 (de) * | 1967-12-12 | 1974-11-07 | Ernst Hirtler Kg, Seifenfabrik U. Feintalgschmelze, 7843 Heitersheim | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kerzen |
NO122087B (fr) * | 1970-01-06 | 1971-05-18 | Harald Falck Muus | |
FR2220579B1 (fr) * | 1973-03-08 | 1977-02-04 | Cangardel Jean | |
NL1000359C1 (nl) * | 1995-05-15 | 1996-11-18 | Georgios Konstantakis | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van gekleurde paraffine en/of stearine in poedervorm. |
-
1999
- 1999-01-19 WO PCT/BE1999/000005 patent/WO1999037743A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-19 AU AU20421/99A patent/AU2042199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-19 US US09/600,741 patent/US6419713B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-19 CA CA002319616A patent/CA2319616A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-19 EP EP99900842A patent/EP1049760A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE530147C (de) * | 1927-11-01 | 1931-07-22 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Verfahren zum Faerben hoeherer Fettsaeuren |
US1816140A (en) * | 1929-10-22 | 1931-07-28 | Walter M Bain | Process for coloring paraffin wax and the like |
US2551574A (en) * | 1946-12-14 | 1951-05-08 | William M Fredericks | Clored flame candle and the method of making the same |
US3150510A (en) * | 1961-12-07 | 1964-09-29 | Emmett P Klopfenstein | Candle |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1380638A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-14 | Xin Lu | Bougie à flamme de couleur et sa fabrication |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2319616A1 (fr) | 1999-07-29 |
AU2042199A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
EP1049760A1 (fr) | 2000-11-08 |
US6419713B1 (en) | 2002-07-16 |
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