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WO1999030479A1 - Systeme et procede de selection de reseau cellulaire reposant sur les taxes d'itinerance - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de selection de reseau cellulaire reposant sur les taxes d'itinerance Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999030479A1
WO1999030479A1 PCT/US1998/026210 US9826210W WO9930479A1 WO 1999030479 A1 WO1999030479 A1 WO 1999030479A1 US 9826210 W US9826210 W US 9826210W WO 9930479 A1 WO9930479 A1 WO 9930479A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cellular networks
mobile terminal
charging information
information associated
cellular
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/026210
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir Alperovich
Ranjit Bhatia
Original Assignee
Ericsson Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ericsson Inc. filed Critical Ericsson Inc.
Priority to AU17212/99A priority Critical patent/AU1721299A/en
Publication of WO1999030479A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999030479A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
    • H04M15/28—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP with meter at substation or with calculation of charges at terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
    • H04M15/80—Rating or billing plans; Tariff determination aspects
    • H04M15/8044—Least cost routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
    • H04M2215/32—Involving wireless systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
    • H04M2215/42—Least cost routing, i.e. provision for selecting the lowest cost tariff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
    • H04M2215/74—Rating aspects, e.g. rating parameters or tariff determination apects
    • H04M2215/745—Least cost routing, e.g. Automatic or manual, call by call or by preselection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to telecommunications systems and methods for selecting a cellular network for use by a mobile terminal, and specifically to allowing a subscriber to select a cellular network, while roaming outside of the subscriber's home cellular network, based on charging information associated with each cellular network available to the subscriber.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
  • a GSM Public Land Mobile Network such as cellular network 10, which in turn is composed of a plurality of areas 12, each with a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 14 and an integrated Visitor Location Register (VLR) 16 therein.
  • the MSC/VLR areas 12 include a plurality of Location Areas (LA) 18, which are defined as that part of a given MSC/VLR area 12 in which a mobile station (MS) (terminal) 20 may move freely without having to send update location information to the MSC/VLR area 12 that controls the LA 18.
  • LA Location Areas
  • MS mobile station
  • terminal may move freely without having to send update location information to the MSC/VLR area 12 that controls the LA 18.
  • Each Location Area 12 is divided into a number of cells
  • MS 20 is the physical equipment, g ⁇ ., a car phone or other portable phone, used by mobile subscribers to communicate with the cellular network 10, each other, and users outside the subscribed network, both wireline and wireless.
  • the MS 20 may also include a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card 13, or other memory, which provides storage of subscriber related information, such as a subscriber authentication key, temporary network data, and service related data (e.g. language preference).
  • SIM Subscriber Identity Module
  • the MSC 14 is in communication with at least one Base Station Controller (BSC) 23, which, in turn, is in contact with at least one Base Transceiver Station
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • the BTS is the physical equipment, illustrated for simplicity as a radio tower, that provides radio coverage to the geographical part of the cell 22 for which it is responsible. It should be understood that the BSC 23 may be connected to several base transceiver stations 24, and may be implemented as a stand-alone node or integrated with the MSC 14. In either event, the BSC 23 and BTS 24 components, as a whole, are generally referred to as a Base Station System (BSS) 25.
  • BSS Base Station System
  • the PLMN Service Area or cellular network 10 includes a Home Location Register (HLR) 26, which is a database maintaining all subscriber information, e.g.. user profiles, current location information, International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) numbers, and other administrative information.
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • the HLR 26 may be co-located with a given MSC 14, or alternatively can service multiple MSCs 14, the latter of which is illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • the VLR 16 is a database containing information about all of the Mobile Stations 20 currently located within the MSC/VLR area 12. If a MS 20 roams into a new MSC/VLR area 12, the VLR 16 connected to that MSC 14 will request data about that Mobile Station 20 from the HLR database 26 (simultaneously informing the HLR 26 about the current location of the MS 20). Accordingly, if the user of the MS 20 then wants to make a call, the local VLR 16 will have the requisite identification information without having to reinterrogate the HLR 26. In the aforedescribed manner, the VLR and HLR databases 16 and 26, respectively, contain various subscriber information associated with a given MS 20.
  • the subscriber When a subscriber is roaming outside of the subscribers home PLMN, the subscriber often has a choice of several other cellular networks.
  • the selection of the network for use by the MS 20 is based on a list of PLMNs available to the subscriber, stored, for example, within the SIM card 13, or other programmable memory, within the MS 20. Once this list is created, the first PLMN on the list is selected whenever possible. In many situations, the subscriber may also select the PLMN manually.
  • the chosen cellular network may not provide the lowest rates to the roaming subscriber.
  • the present invention is directed to telecommunications systems and methods for allowing a subscriber to select a cellular network (PLMN), while roaming outside of the subscribers home cellular network, based on charging information received by the subscribers mobile terminal for each cellular network available to the subscriber.
  • PLMN cellular network
  • This information can be broadcast, for example, on a Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), for GSM-based systems.
  • BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
  • the identity of each PLMN within the geographical area of the MS is received by the MS and compared with a list of allowable PLMNs stored in the SIM card to determine which PLMNs are available to the subscriber. Thereafter, if more than one PLMN is available to the subscriber, charging information associated with each available PLMN is received by the MS/SIM, which can then select the least cost PLMN.
  • the identity of each available PLMN and associated charging information is received by the MS/SIM and displayed to the subscriber, to allow the subscriber to select the desired (least cost) PLMN.
  • FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of a conventional terrestrially-based wireless telecommunications system
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a choice of cellular networks available to a mobile terminal while roaming
  • FIGURE 3 describes steps in a sample cellular network selection process based on charging information, in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • a Mobile Station (MS) 200 which has roamed outside of its home Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), often has a choice of PLMN's (PLMN1 240 and PLMN2250) within a geographic area 230.
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • Each PLMN (240 and 250) within that geographic area 230 broadcasts information related to that PLMN (240 and 250, respectively). For example, each PLMN (240 and 250) can broadcast the respective network code (PLMN identity information) and synchronization information.
  • the MS 200 has the capability to receive messages from each PLMN (240 and 250) at the same time, while roaming in the geographic area 230 designated to these PLMNs (240 and 250). In order for the MS 200 to determine which PLMN (240 or 250) to use, each PLMN (240 and 250) can also broadcast the charging information associated therewith, which is applicable to all roaming MSs 200 within that geographical area 230.
  • This information can be broadcast, for example, on separate Broadcast Control Channels (BCCH) (245 and 255) for each PLMN (240 and 250, respectively), for GSM-based systems.
  • BCCH Broadcast Control Channels
  • the charging information for each PLMN (240 and 250) is entered into a charging application (247 and 257, respectively) within a Base Station Controller (BSC) (246 and 256, respectively) associated with each PLMN (240 and 250) (step 300).
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • the charging application (247 and 257) can be located within a Mobile Switching Center (248 and 258, respectively) connected to the BSC
  • the charging information can be updated in the BSC (246 and 256) or MSC (248 and 258) by various methods, such as by manual commands.
  • This charging information and the PLMN identity information is then sent to the Base Transceiver Station (242 and 252) to be broadcast on the BCCH (245 and 255, respectively) (step 310).
  • the charging information and PLMN identity information can be received by a Subscriber Identity Module 210, or other programmable memory, within the MS 200 (step 320).
  • a list 215 containing the PLMNs allowed to the subscriber is stored in the SIM card 210. Not all PLMNs (240 and 250) within a geographical area 230 are allowed to a roaming subscriber. The allowability of a PLMN (240 or 250) depends upon the agreement between the subscribers home PLMN (not shown) and the PLMNs (240 and 250) within the geographical area 230 the MS 200 is in.
  • This list of allowable PLMNs 215 within the SIM card 210 can then be compared with the received PLMN identity information (step 330) to determine which PLMNs within the geographical area 230 are available to the subscriber. If there is only one received
  • the MS 200 collects the roaming charge information received on the BCCH channels (245 and 255, respectively) by the MS 200 for all of the available PLMNs
  • a PLMN charge-based selection application 220 within the SIM card 210 compares the received charging information for each available PLMN (240 and 250) (step 360) and registers, e ⁇ , by performing a location update, as is well known in the art, with the PLMN (240 or 250) having the lowest charging rate (step 370).
  • the roaming charges can be displayed to the subscriber on a display 205, along with the received PLMN identities that are on the list 215 (available PLMNs 240 and 250).
  • the subscriber can then have the option of selecting the least cost PLMN, or another PLMN, using, for example, existing function keys 202 on the keypad 208 of the MS 200.
  • the innovative concepts described in the present application can be modified and varied over a wide range of applications. Accordingly, the scope of patented subject matter should not be limited to any of the specific exemplary teachings discussed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système et procédé de télécommunications permettant à un terminal mobile de sélectionner un réseau cellulaire pendant l'itinérance hors du réseau cellulaire de rattachement de l'abonné, la sélection se faisant sur la base de l'information de taxation associée à chaque réseau cellulaire disponible pour le terminal mobile. Les réseaux cellulaires se trouvant dans la zone géographique du terminal mobile peuvent diffuser l'information de taxation applicable aux abonnés en itinérance des autres réseaux. L'identité de chacun des réseaux cellulaires couvrant la zone géographique du terminal mobile ainsi que l'information de taxation associé peut faire l'objet d'une réception par le terminal mobile qui peut alors sélectionner le réseau le moins cher. Pour la sélection manuelle, l'abonné reçoit sur l'afficheur l'identité de chacun des réseaux cellulaires disponibles ainsi que l'information de taxation associée, ce qui permet à l'abonné de sélectionner le réseau cellulaire qui lui convient.
PCT/US1998/026210 1997-12-11 1998-12-10 Systeme et procede de selection de reseau cellulaire reposant sur les taxes d'itinerance WO1999030479A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU17212/99A AU1721299A (en) 1997-12-11 1998-12-10 System and method for cellular network selection based on roaming charges

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US98909097A 1997-12-11 1997-12-11
US08/989,090 1997-12-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999030479A1 true WO1999030479A1 (fr) 1999-06-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/026210 WO1999030479A1 (fr) 1997-12-11 1998-12-10 Systeme et procede de selection de reseau cellulaire reposant sur les taxes d'itinerance

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1721299A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999030479A1 (fr)

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2366156A (en) * 2000-05-17 2002-02-27 Nec Corp Communication system selection in a mobile phone
WO2002032181A1 (fr) * 2000-10-09 2002-04-18 Impel Software Ab Procede et systeme permettant de selectionner un fournisseur de services en fonction des frais d'itinerance
WO2002067563A1 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-29 Pathfinder Technical Resources Limited Selection de reseau dans un systeme de telecommunication mobile
WO2002069661A2 (fr) * 2001-02-26 2002-09-06 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Procede de selection d'un reseau mobile terrestre public
EP1248317A1 (fr) * 2001-04-02 2002-10-09 Nokia Corporation Antenne planaire multibandes accordable électriquement
WO2003045095A1 (fr) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-30 Nokia Corporation Radiodiffusion a des equipements utilisateurs mobiles de donnees concernant des exploitants de reseau habilites
DE10211405A1 (de) * 2002-03-15 2003-10-09 Agere Syst Guardian Corp Tarifübermittlungsverfahren in einem GSM-Netzwerk
WO2005122623A1 (fr) * 2004-06-11 2005-12-22 Axalto Sa Procede et systeme d'optimisation des communications telephoniques a l'etranger.
WO2007113383A1 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-11 Teliasonera Ab procédé pour contrôler la facturation dans un système de télécommunication et système de télécommunication
US8249550B2 (en) * 2003-09-26 2012-08-21 Nokia Corporation Method and apparatus for achieving good usability for networked applications in multi mode mobile terminals
KR101202670B1 (ko) 2005-07-28 2012-11-19 텔레콤 이탈리아 소시에떼 퍼 아찌오니 통신 단말기를 통해 통신 서비스를 획득하는 방법
US8847833B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-09-30 Pulse Finland Oy Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control
US8866689B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2014-10-21 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-band antenna and methods for long term evolution wireless system
US8988296B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-03-24 Pulse Finland Oy Compact polarized antenna and methods
US9123990B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-09-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-feed antenna apparatus and methods
US9203154B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2015-12-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-resonance antenna, antenna module, radio device and methods
US9246210B2 (en) 2010-02-18 2016-01-26 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna with cover radiator and methods
US9350081B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2016-05-24 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus
US9406998B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2016-08-02 Pulse Finland Oy Distributed multiband antenna and methods
US9450291B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2016-09-20 Pulse Finland Oy Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods
US9461371B2 (en) 2009-11-27 2016-10-04 Pulse Finland Oy MIMO antenna and methods
US9484619B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2016-11-01 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods
US9531058B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2016-12-27 Pulse Finland Oy Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods
US9590308B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2017-03-07 Pulse Electronics, Inc. Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same
US9634383B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2017-04-25 Pulse Finland Oy Galvanically separated non-interacting antenna sector apparatus and methods
US9647338B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-05-09 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
US9673507B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2017-06-06 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US9680212B2 (en) 2013-11-20 2017-06-13 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitive grounding methods and apparatus for mobile devices
US9722308B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2017-08-01 Pulse Finland Oy Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use
US9761951B2 (en) 2009-11-03 2017-09-12 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable antenna apparatus and methods
US9906260B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2018-02-27 Pulse Finland Oy Sensor-based closed loop antenna swapping apparatus and methods
US9917346B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2018-03-13 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US9948002B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-04-17 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9973228B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-05-15 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9979078B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2018-05-22 Pulse Finland Oy Modular cell antenna apparatus and methods
US10069209B2 (en) 2012-11-06 2018-09-04 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitively coupled antenna apparatus and methods
US10079428B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-09-18 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods

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EP0724371A1 (fr) * 1995-01-30 1996-07-31 CABLE & WIRELESS PLC Terminal de communication sans fil
US5675636A (en) * 1994-05-06 1997-10-07 Mitel Corporation Adaptive method for allocating calls
EP0808073A2 (fr) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-19 Motorola Ltd Procédé et appareil pour sélectionner un réseau radio mobile

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994028683A1 (fr) * 1993-05-24 1994-12-08 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Dispositif de communications
US5675636A (en) * 1994-05-06 1997-10-07 Mitel Corporation Adaptive method for allocating calls
EP0724371A1 (fr) * 1995-01-30 1996-07-31 CABLE & WIRELESS PLC Terminal de communication sans fil
EP0808073A2 (fr) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-19 Motorola Ltd Procédé et appareil pour sélectionner un réseau radio mobile

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2366156B (en) * 2000-05-17 2004-02-25 Nec Corp Communication system selection in a mobile phone
GB2366156A (en) * 2000-05-17 2002-02-27 Nec Corp Communication system selection in a mobile phone
US6909892B2 (en) 2000-05-17 2005-06-21 Nec Corporation Mobile phone avoiding search of ineffective base stations
WO2002032181A1 (fr) * 2000-10-09 2002-04-18 Impel Software Ab Procede et systeme permettant de selectionner un fournisseur de services en fonction des frais d'itinerance
WO2002067563A1 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-29 Pathfinder Technical Resources Limited Selection de reseau dans un systeme de telecommunication mobile
EP1830551A3 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2007-09-19 Interoute Communications Limited Mise à jour de l'information d'acheminement préférentiel dans un appareil téléphonique mobile
EP1830551A2 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2007-09-05 Interoute Communications Limited Mise à jour de l'information d'acheminement préférentiel dans un appareil téléphonique mobile
WO2002069661A2 (fr) * 2001-02-26 2002-09-06 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Procede de selection d'un reseau mobile terrestre public
WO2002069661A3 (fr) * 2001-02-26 2003-02-27 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Procede de selection d'un reseau mobile terrestre public
US6693594B2 (en) 2001-04-02 2004-02-17 Nokia Corporation Optimal use of an electrically tunable multiband planar antenna
EP1248317A1 (fr) * 2001-04-02 2002-10-09 Nokia Corporation Antenne planaire multibandes accordable électriquement
WO2003045095A1 (fr) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-30 Nokia Corporation Radiodiffusion a des equipements utilisateurs mobiles de donnees concernant des exploitants de reseau habilites
DE10211405B4 (de) * 2002-03-15 2004-12-09 Agere Systems Guardian Corp., Orlando Tarifübermittlungsverfahren in einem GSM-Netzwerk
DE10211405A1 (de) * 2002-03-15 2003-10-09 Agere Syst Guardian Corp Tarifübermittlungsverfahren in einem GSM-Netzwerk
US8249550B2 (en) * 2003-09-26 2012-08-21 Nokia Corporation Method and apparatus for achieving good usability for networked applications in multi mode mobile terminals
WO2005122623A1 (fr) * 2004-06-11 2005-12-22 Axalto Sa Procede et systeme d'optimisation des communications telephoniques a l'etranger.
EP1613113A1 (fr) * 2004-06-11 2006-01-04 Axalto SA Procédé et système d'optimisation des communications téléphoniques mobile à l'étranger
US8538427B2 (en) 2005-07-28 2013-09-17 Telecom Italia S.P.A. Method for obtaining telecommunications services through a telecommunications terminal
KR101202670B1 (ko) 2005-07-28 2012-11-19 텔레콤 이탈리아 소시에떼 퍼 아찌오니 통신 단말기를 통해 통신 서비스를 획득하는 방법
WO2007113383A1 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-11 Teliasonera Ab procédé pour contrôler la facturation dans un système de télécommunication et système de télécommunication
US9761951B2 (en) 2009-11-03 2017-09-12 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable antenna apparatus and methods
US9461371B2 (en) 2009-11-27 2016-10-04 Pulse Finland Oy MIMO antenna and methods
US8847833B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-09-30 Pulse Finland Oy Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control
US9246210B2 (en) 2010-02-18 2016-01-26 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna with cover radiator and methods
US9406998B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2016-08-02 Pulse Finland Oy Distributed multiband antenna and methods
US9203154B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2015-12-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-resonance antenna, antenna module, radio device and methods
US9917346B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2018-03-13 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US9673507B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2017-06-06 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US8866689B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2014-10-21 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-band antenna and methods for long term evolution wireless system
US9450291B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2016-09-20 Pulse Finland Oy Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods
US9123990B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-09-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-feed antenna apparatus and methods
US9531058B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2016-12-27 Pulse Finland Oy Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods
US9484619B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2016-11-01 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods
US8988296B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-03-24 Pulse Finland Oy Compact polarized antenna and methods
US9509054B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2016-11-29 Pulse Finland Oy Compact polarized antenna and methods
US9979078B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2018-05-22 Pulse Finland Oy Modular cell antenna apparatus and methods
US10069209B2 (en) 2012-11-06 2018-09-04 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitively coupled antenna apparatus and methods
US9647338B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-05-09 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
US10079428B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-09-18 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
US9634383B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2017-04-25 Pulse Finland Oy Galvanically separated non-interacting antenna sector apparatus and methods
US9680212B2 (en) 2013-11-20 2017-06-13 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitive grounding methods and apparatus for mobile devices
US9590308B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2017-03-07 Pulse Electronics, Inc. Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same
US9350081B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2016-05-24 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus
US9973228B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-05-15 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9948002B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-04-17 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9722308B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2017-08-01 Pulse Finland Oy Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use
US9906260B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2018-02-27 Pulse Finland Oy Sensor-based closed loop antenna swapping apparatus and methods

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