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WO1999023036A1 - Procede d'elimination d'impuretes hydrophobes a l'aide de tensioactifs non ioniques clivables - Google Patents

Procede d'elimination d'impuretes hydrophobes a l'aide de tensioactifs non ioniques clivables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999023036A1
WO1999023036A1 PCT/EP1998/006767 EP9806767W WO9923036A1 WO 1999023036 A1 WO1999023036 A1 WO 1999023036A1 EP 9806767 W EP9806767 W EP 9806767W WO 9923036 A1 WO9923036 A1 WO 9923036A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
hydrophobic
aqueous
nonionic surfactants
alkenyl oligoglycosides
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/006767
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver Rhode
Anja Vonderhagen
Original Assignee
Cognis Deutschland Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cognis Deutschland Gmbh filed Critical Cognis Deutschland Gmbh
Priority to EP98955522A priority Critical patent/EP1044166A1/fr
Publication of WO1999023036A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999023036A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
    • C07H15/04—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
    • C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/342—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the enzymes used

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for removing hydrophobic contaminants from aqueous systems with the aid of cleavable alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides, and the use of alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides as cleavable nonionic surfactants for removing hydrophobic contaminants from aqueous systems.
  • Hydrophobic impurities such as oils, greases or dirt permeated with such substances accumulate in large quantities as aqueous waste water in industries which in the broadest sense deal with the cleaning of surfaces.
  • Corresponding contaminated aqueous systems occur in commercial laundries when cleaning textiles, in the paper industry during the deinking process or in metal processing when cleaning the metal surfaces after the actual metal processing. This is due to the fact that a wide variety of surfaces are to be cleaned from a wide variety of hydrophobic contaminants in these industries, for which purpose surfactants, generally in the form of aqueous cleaning agents, are added. The surfactants are able to associate with the hydrophobic contaminants and thus separate the contaminants from the cleaned surfaces.
  • the separated impurities associated with the surfactants occur as organic loads in aqueous sewage systems that are processed or processed in sewage treatment plants.
  • the aim of such processing is always to reduce the load of organic, hydrophobic waste in the waste water or to reduce the amount of waste water overall.
  • a particularly inexpensive way to do this is to use fissile surfactants.
  • These cleavable surfactants are initially intended to perform their task of removing and associating the hydrophobic contaminants from the surfaces to be cleaned. The cleavable surfactants are then irreversibly split by a certain chemical operation. This creates a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic phase in the aqueous sewage systems.
  • the hydrophobic phase contains the hydrophobic impurities and the hydrophobic fragment of the cleavable surfactants and can be separated from the aqueous phase.
  • the hydrophilic phase can be returned to the cleaning process after the hydrophobic phase has been completely separated off, so that the amount of waste water is reduced overall, which brings cost advantages for the corresponding industries.
  • such surfactants are used as cleavable surfactants, which at acidic pH values, i.e. at pH values below 7, irreversibly split into a hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragment.
  • cleavable surfactants which at acidic pH values, i.e. at pH values below 7, irreversibly split into a hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragment.
  • EP-A-0742177 and EP-A-0742178 acetals or ketals of polyols, in particular of glycerol, are proposed as cleavable nonionic surfactants for this purpose. From the German published application DE 195 24 973, in turn, acetals based on alkyl glycosides are known for this purpose. These acetal compounds are characterized by a sufficiently good stability in the basic environment and are capable of irreversibly cleaving in acidic environments.
  • cleavable surfactants which are less expensive and do not have to be prepared by additional reaction with aldeydes or ketones, but which carry the cleavable group within them.
  • the cleavable surfactants used should be based on renewable raw materials their cleavage provides readily biodegradable hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments.
  • the cleavable surfactants should have the best possible properties with regard to the requirement profile for surfactants in technical cleaning processes, ie they should be low-foaming, stable in alkaline and ensure high cleaning performance.
  • One object of the present invention therefore relates to a method for removing hydrophobic impurities from aqueous systems with the aid of cleavable nonionic surfactants, where a. the cleavable nonionic surfactants are first irreversibly cleaved and b. subsequently the hydrophobic phase which forms, which essentially contains the hydrophobic impurities and the hydrophobic remainder of the cleaved nonionic surfactants, is at least partially separated from the aqueous phase, characterized in that alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides with 4 are used as cleavable nonionic surfactants up to 22 carbon atom residues are used.
  • Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides are known nonionic tenisde, which are obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. As representative of the extensive literature, reference is made here to the documents EP-A-0301298 and WO 90/03977. Suitable alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides follow the general formula (I),
  • R 1 is an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms
  • G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms
  • p is a number from 1 to 10.
  • sugar residues G are glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, alose, old rose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and ribose.
  • Glucose is very particularly preferred.
  • alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are thus alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides, ie those compounds of the formula (I) in which R 1 is an alkyl and / or Alkenyl radical with 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G stands for a glucose radical and p stands for numbers from 1 to 10.
  • the alkyl or alkenyl radical R can be derived from primary alcohols having 4 to 11, preferably 8 to 10, carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, capron alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, such as are obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the course of the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis.
  • the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 1 can also be derived from primary alcohols having 12 to 22, preferably 12 to 14, carbon atoms. Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and the technical mixtures described above, which can be obtained as well as their technical mixtures. Alkyl oligoglucosides based on hardened Ci 2 / ⁇ 4 coco alcohol with a DP of 1 to 3 are preferred.
  • the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are irreversibly split in the aqueous systems.
  • This split can, for example by reducing the pH of the aqueous systems to acidic pH values.
  • the pH must be adjusted to be at least sufficiently acidic that the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are irreversibly split into their starting compounds alcohol and glycoside. This is already possible at pH values below 6.
  • a pH value below 5, preferably below 3 and in particular between 0.5 and 1.5 is set.
  • the pH can be adjusted in a conventional manner, for example with known Broenstedt acids.
  • Suitable Broenstedt acids are sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, chloric acid, perchloric acid and / or sulfurous acid.
  • the amount of Broenstedt acids used is determined by the strength of the acid, its application concentration and the application concentration of the cleavable nonionic surfactants.
  • the pH value itself can be determined potentiometrically, for example with glass electrodes or with indicators, in particular color indicators.
  • the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can also be cleaved enzymatically, using enzymes which are able to cleave glycosidic bonds.
  • Suitable glucosidases are alpha-glucosidases such as maltase and isomaltase, beta-glucosidases and amyloglucosidases.
  • the maltase can be obtained, for example, from Bacillus stearothermophilius, brewer's yeast, rice, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and baker's yeast, the isomaltase from baker's yeast and the beta-glucosidases from almonds.
  • the enzymes can be native or in immobilized form on a carrier.
  • the amount of such enzymes used is primarily determined by the use concentration of the surfactants to be cleaved.
  • the enzymes of the type described are advantageously used in amounts of 0.1 to 35% by weight, in particular 1 to 15% by weight, calculated as a native enzyme and based on alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides.
  • a buffer system Particularly suitable buffer systems are those that work in pH ranges from 4 to 7, i.e. Acetate buffer, phosphate buffer and citrate buffer.
  • the cleavage of the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be carried out at various ambient pressures, preferably under atmospheric pressure.
  • the reaction temperature during the cleavage is preferably 20 to 100 ° C., in particular 35 to 90 ° C., the enzymatic cleavage even at low temperatures, in particular between 35 and 40 ° C and the cleavage using Broenstedt acids should be in the range between 60 to 90 ° C.
  • a particular advantage of enzymatic cleavage is that the enzymes described above can be reused or recovered after cleavage.
  • the native enzymes are present in the aqueous phase after the cleavage, so that after the aqueous phase is returned to the cleaning process, they are available again for further cleavage. Possibly. it is advisable to add the native enzymes before returning the aqueous phase.
  • the immobilized enzymes can be separated from the phases by filtration and, if necessary, can be used again for the next cleavage after washing to remove hydrophobic impurities.
  • the hydrophobic impurities are removed from the aqueous systems in a circulatory system.
  • the surfaces to be cleaned are first cleaned of the hydrophobic contaminants by means of cleaning agents in a manner known per se.
  • cleaning agents preferably already contain the alkyl and / or alkylene oligoglycosides described.
  • the alkyl and / or alkylene oligoglycosides are then cleaved in the manner described by means of pH reduction or by means of the enzymes described.
  • phase separation into the organic phase, which essentially contains the hydrophobic impurities and the hydrophobic alcohol residue of the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides as the hydrohobic cleavage fragment, and into the hydrophilic phase.
  • the hydrohobic phase is at least partially, preferably as completely as possible, separated from the hydrophilic phase.
  • the hydropobic phase is worked up or sent to the sewage treatment plants.
  • the hydrophilic phase is fed back into the cleaning cycle, with at least one subsequent addition of at least the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides and possibly further components of the cleaning agents.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable in principle for all waste water which is produced in cleaning processes in which hydrophobic contaminants are to be removed from surfaces.
  • the surfaces to be cleaned can be both hard surfaces, such as those found on glass, ceramic and metal surfaces, and soft surfaces, such as those found in textiles and paper.
  • hydrophobic impurities understand such impurities that do not form a physical solution with water, in particular oils, fats, dust, dirt and pigments.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for removing hydrophobic impurities from aqueous waste water systems, those used in paper production, in particular de-inking, in industrial laundering and in the cleaning of metal surfaces, in particular in the cleaning of metal surfaces from metalworking aids such as rolling and drawing oils , attack.
  • the method according to the invention can, however, be used with equal success to remove hydrophobic impurities from aqueous sewage systems which are produced, for example, in car laundries.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly preferably used to remove hydrophobic impurities from aqueous waste water systems which have a pH value above 7.5.
  • the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be used in amounts of 1 to 100% by weight, based on hydrophobic impurities. If, according to the preferred embodiment, the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are already present in the cleaning agents which remove the hydrophobic impurities from the surfaces to be cleaned, an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, based on hydrophobic impurities, is recommended. Of course, customary further constituents, such as further nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and cationic surfactants, can be present in the cleaning agents in customary amounts.
  • hydrophilic phase and aqueous phase are used synonymously after cleavage of the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides and the resulting phase separation.
  • Another object of the present invention relates to the use of alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides having 4 to 22 carbon atoms as cleavable nonionic surfactants for removing hydrophobic impurities from aqueous systems.
  • the residual content of uncleaved alkyl oligoglucoside was determined by means of gas chromatography and HPLC. It was 71% by area.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé d'élimination d'impuretés hydrophobes présentes dans des systèmes aqueux à l'aide d'oligoglucosides d'alkyle et/ou d'alcényle clivables, ainsi qu'utilisation d'oligoglucosides d'alkyle ou d'alcényle en tant que tensioactifs non ioniques clivables pour éliminer les impuretés hydrophobes présentes dans des systèmes aqueux.
PCT/EP1998/006767 1997-11-03 1998-10-24 Procede d'elimination d'impuretes hydrophobes a l'aide de tensioactifs non ioniques clivables WO1999023036A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98955522A EP1044166A1 (fr) 1997-11-03 1998-10-24 Procede d'elimination d'impuretes hydrophobes a l'aide de tensioactifs non ioniques clivables

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19748396.8 1997-11-03
DE1997148396 DE19748396A1 (de) 1997-11-03 1997-11-03 Verfahren zur Entfernung hydrophober Verunreinigungen mittels spaltbarer nichtionischer Tenside

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999023036A1 true WO1999023036A1 (fr) 1999-05-14

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PCT/EP1998/006767 WO1999023036A1 (fr) 1997-11-03 1998-10-24 Procede d'elimination d'impuretes hydrophobes a l'aide de tensioactifs non ioniques clivables

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1044166A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19748396A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999023036A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2905370A1 (fr) * 2008-06-19 2015-08-12 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Procédé de lavage et machine à laver la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4011169A (en) * 1973-06-29 1977-03-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Stabilization and enhancement of enzymatic activity
WO1986005187A1 (fr) * 1985-03-07 1986-09-12 A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company Composition detergente contenant un enzyme et un agent tensio-actif glucoside
DE3833047A1 (de) * 1988-09-29 1990-04-05 Henkel Kgaa Saure geschirreinigungsmittel
EP0554943A2 (fr) * 1992-02-03 1993-08-11 Unilever N.V. Composition détergente

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4011169A (en) * 1973-06-29 1977-03-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Stabilization and enhancement of enzymatic activity
WO1986005187A1 (fr) * 1985-03-07 1986-09-12 A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company Composition detergente contenant un enzyme et un agent tensio-actif glucoside
DE3833047A1 (de) * 1988-09-29 1990-04-05 Henkel Kgaa Saure geschirreinigungsmittel
EP0554943A2 (fr) * 1992-02-03 1993-08-11 Unilever N.V. Composition détergente

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1044166A1 (fr) 2000-10-18
DE19748396A1 (de) 1999-05-06

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