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WO1999005776A1 - Convertisseur a decoupage - Google Patents

Convertisseur a decoupage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999005776A1
WO1999005776A1 PCT/AT1998/000137 AT9800137W WO9905776A1 WO 1999005776 A1 WO1999005776 A1 WO 1999005776A1 AT 9800137 W AT9800137 W AT 9800137W WO 9905776 A1 WO9905776 A1 WO 9905776A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
voltage
control
switching converter
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT1998/000137
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ismail Can Dursun
Werner Lachmann
Franz Zach
Original Assignee
Siemens Ag Österreich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Ag Österreich filed Critical Siemens Ag Österreich
Publication of WO1999005776A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999005776A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching converter for a DC voltage, with at least one controlled switch, with at least one storage inductor for energy transfer and with a control and regulating circuit, which is supplied with at least one voltage or current value to be regulated, and which for emitting at least one Control signal is set up on the at least one controlled switch, the pulse duration of the control signal depending on the deviation of the at least one actual value from a reference variable can be changed.
  • Switching converters of this type are used to a large extent as forward or flyback converters, with or without the use of galvanically isolating transformers for the power supply of electronic devices, motors, etc.
  • the output voltage and / or the input voltage are generally regulated via the control and regulating circuit, it also being possible to provide regulations for the input and / or output current or current limits.
  • the control and regulating circuit usually controls a switching transistor or another electronic switching element; if necessary, two push-pull switches are also used. The regulation takes place by changing the duty cycle or the pulse duration of the control signal at an essentially constant frequency of the control signal.
  • Switching converters are also known which change the frequency to control the pulse duty factor, for example according to DE 26 52 275 A and EP 0 223 316 A2.
  • the frequency must be changed over a very large range, so that essential components, such as smoothing capacitors and interference filters, are dimensioned to the lowest frequency that occurs or is permitted in the control, which often leads to Unreasonable effort for these components leads to particular difficulties in the dimensioning of magnetic components, such as chokes and transformers, since several, mostly contradictory requirements have to be met for a large frequency range.
  • the control range remains - compared to the usual change in Duty cycle modest - so that converters with a regulation via a frequency change were reserved for special applications, e.g.
  • DD 218 723 AI discloses a circuit design which uses two converters to combine an output AC voltage by alternately switching these converters. Although this document speaks of frequency modulation, there is in fact amplitude modulation of the output variables of these converters
  • EP 0 765 107 AI shows a switching converter for fluorescent tubes, in which the amplitude of the high-frequency, namely switching-frequency AC voltage component is modulated with double network frequency in order to enable the lamp to be dimmed over a wide range
  • the at least one control signal is frequency-modulated with a frequency that is less than its clock frequency
  • Such frequency modulation means that the lines of the interference emission spectrum are broadened and at the same time have a lower level. Thanks to this lower voltage (current) level, the interference suppressors can be markedly reduced
  • the circuit complexity can be reduced if a signal synchronous with the mains frequency is supplied to the control and regulating circuit as a modulation signal, since such a signal can be derived directly from the mains frequency.
  • the modulation signal has a predetermined, rigid phase position with respect to the mains voltage. In this way, in addition to the desired line broadening, an at least partial adjustment of the AC voltage component on the input side can also be achieved.
  • the modulation signal is derived from the AC voltage component of the rectified voltage.
  • the modulation signal can expediently be a triangular signal.
  • the modulation stroke is 1% or more, in particular between 5 and 10%.
  • noise level reductions of around 10 dB can be achieved.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention in connection with a somewhat more specific switching converter.
  • an input AC voltage U E is fed via an input-side filter F E to a rectifier GLR, which generates a rectified voltage Uz across a first storage capacitor C1.
  • This voltage is fed to a first controlled switch S1, which is followed by a transfer energy store L and then a second controlled switch S2.
  • a second storage capacitor C2 When rectified by the controlled switch S2, this is followed by a second storage capacitor C2 and an output filter F eit .
  • a load LA is present at the output voltage U ⁇ .
  • the controlled switches S 1 and S2 are switched by a control and control circuit AR-S in such a way that certain variables are controlled.
  • control and control circuit AR-S is supplied with an output-side signal S ⁇ , for example, which is caused by the deviation the output voltage U ⁇ is determined by a reference value.
  • control and regulating circuit AR-S can be supplied with an input-side signal Si which is determined by the deviation of the input-side voltage Uz from a reference value.
  • Current limits are provided, as is regulation to constant output current, etc.
  • the regulation takes place in that the signals s ⁇ and Sr change the duty cycle or the pulse duration of the clock signals S l and S2 in the sense of a regulation. Regulation can also be achieved by changing the clock frequency, and concepts according to the prior art also see a change Both the frequency and the duty cycle before.
  • the switching converter can in principle be designed as a forward converter or a flyback converter, and either an inductance (choke) or a storage transistor is provided as a transfer energy store. When using two controlled switches S 1 and S2, these operate in the most cases with a protective time in push-pull
  • the invention now provides that the control and regulating circuit is supplied with a modulation signal S by a modulator MOD, the frequency of which is less than the clock frequency fr and which, for example, frequency-modulates (wobbles) the control signals S1, S2 with a stroke of +/- 5% )
  • both interference voltages and currents arise on the input and output sides, the fundamental frequency of which corresponds to the switching frequency, which is, for example, between 20 and 100 kHz. Because of the switching currents, which are in principle rectangular, a whole series of harmonics are also represented, so that with regard to the Storemission overall there is a line spectrum with relatively sharp lines.
  • the frequency modulation of the control signals used according to the invention now leads to a line broadening with a simultaneous reduction in the amplitudes. For example, with a frequency swing of 5%, a reduction in the noise emission level of 10 dB can be achieved.This already leads to a noticeable reduction in the effort for filter media, so that, for example, in cases in which a two-stage input filter Fr was previously used, this filter can be implemented in one stage
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a flyback converter, in which the invention is applied.
  • the AC input voltage Ui reaches a via a low-pass filter LE, CE Rectifier bridge GLR, at the output of which the voltage U z is applied to a storage capacitor C1.
  • This voltage U z is fed to the primary winding of a transformer TR (storage transformer), which is connected to ground in series with a controlled switch S and a sensor resistor RS.
  • the energy transmitted via the transformer TR is rectified by a rectifier D, and the output voltage U ⁇ is applied to a second storage capacitor C2.
  • an input rectifier be it a rectifier bridge or a single diode, can only serve the purpose of reverse polarity protection if the input voltage is a DC voltage.
  • the control and regulating circuit shown as a block in FIG. 1 here consists of a control and regulating circuit AR-S for the switch S and of further switching elements which are also used for the regulation, as explained below.
  • the control and regulating circuit AR-S receives in a known manner, as is customary in flyback converters, a signal S from the sensor resistor RS, which gives information about the current through the switch S, which can be, for example, a switching transistor. Without further influence, the control and regulating circuit would emit a clock signal with a constant pulse duty factor and constant frequency at the switch S.
  • a part of this output voltage obtained by a voltage divider R3 R4 is fed to a first comparator Kl and compared therein with a reference voltage U Ref .
  • the output signal, ie the control deviation is fed to an input of the control and regulating circuit AR-S via a first optocoupler OKI and influences, for example, the pulse duty factor in such a way that the pulse duration decreases with increasing output voltage U A.
  • An output-side measuring resistor R M for the output current is also shown in the circuit, ⁇ v wherein the voltage across the resistor R M is fed to a comparator K2, the output signal of which is also fed to the control and regulating circuit AR-S via a second optocoupler OK2.
  • the comparator K2 can, for example, be designed such that when a certain current is exceeded, the control and regulating circuit AR-S receives a blocking signal, so that there is a current limitation.
  • it would also be possible to achieve control of the constant output current by comparing the output current with a second reference variable in certain operating conditions.
  • the manner in which the individual variables required for the control are generated and the resulting change in the duty cycle are state of the art and do not form the subject of the invention.
  • control and control circuit AR-S is also supplied with a modulation signal s M , which leads to frequency modulation of the control signal s within the control and control circuit.
  • a modulation signal s M which leads to frequency modulation of the control signal s within the control and control circuit.
  • the way such a ge frequency modulation, is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a frequency-determining reference voltage can be changed in a clock signal generator
  • the basic frequency of the control signal s which could be 40 kHZ, for example, is periodically changed between - in this example - 38 kHZ and 42 kHZ, provided a frequency deviation of +/- 5% is assumed
  • This wobbling of the switching frequency results in a line broadening not only in the range of the fundamental frequency, but also in the range of all harmonics, thus “smearing” with simultaneous lowering of the interference voltage level.
  • the effort for interference suppression means can therefore be significantly lower being held
  • the modulation signal s M is synchronous with the network frequency, more precisely it has twice the frequency and, moreover, has a phase-locked relationship with the network frequency.
  • the frequency modulation used according to the invention can also do a second one
  • the rectified voltage Uz has an alternating voltage component (ripple) which can be partially compensated for by the periodic change in the modulation signal S M ZU, which corresponds to regulation from the input side

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur à découpage pour une tension continue d'entrée (UZ), comportant notamment un redresseur (GLR) pour une tension alternative d'entrée (UE), ainsi que des éléments de lissage et d'accumulation d'énergie (C1) pour la tension d'entrée redressée. Ce convertisseur à découpage comporte également au moins un commutateur commandé (S, S1, S2) avec au moins une bobine d'induction d'accumulation d'énergie (L) pour le transfert d'énergie, et un circuit de commande et de régulation (AR-S) auquel est acheminée une tension ou une intensité à réguler et qui est conçu pour fournir au moins un signal de commande (s1, s2) au commutateur commandé. La durée de l'impulsion et/ou la fréquence du signal de commande peuvent être modifiées en fonction de l'écart entre au moins une valeur réelle et une grandeur de référence. Le ou les signaux de commande (s1, s2) sont modulés en fréquence avec une fréquence (fM) inférieure à sa fréquence d'horloge (fT).
PCT/AT1998/000137 1997-07-25 1998-06-02 Convertisseur a decoupage WO1999005776A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1276/97 1997-07-25
AT127697 1997-07-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999005776A1 true WO1999005776A1 (fr) 1999-02-04

Family

ID=3510388

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT1998/000137 WO1999005776A1 (fr) 1997-07-25 1998-06-02 Convertisseur a decoupage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1999005776A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4190882A (en) * 1977-05-05 1980-02-26 Hughes Aircraft Company System for reducing the effects of power supply switching
EP0223316A2 (fr) * 1985-11-22 1987-05-27 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Disposition de circuit pour produire une tension continue à partir d'une tension d'entrée sinusoidale
JPS63148894A (ja) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ｐｗｍインバ−タの制御装置
WO1992016085A1 (fr) * 1991-03-07 1992-09-17 Motorola Lighting, Inc. Source d'alimentation electrique a facteur de puissance eleve, dotee de moyens de commande permettant de suivre le trajet de la tension alternative d'entree

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4190882A (en) * 1977-05-05 1980-02-26 Hughes Aircraft Company System for reducing the effects of power supply switching
EP0223316A2 (fr) * 1985-11-22 1987-05-27 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Disposition de circuit pour produire une tension continue à partir d'une tension d'entrée sinusoidale
JPS63148894A (ja) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ｐｗｍインバ−タの制御装置
WO1992016085A1 (fr) * 1991-03-07 1992-09-17 Motorola Lighting, Inc. Source d'alimentation electrique a facteur de puissance eleve, dotee de moyens de commande permettant de suivre le trajet de la tension alternative d'entree

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 412 (E - 676) 31 October 1988 (1988-10-31) *

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