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WO1998012424A1 - Filtre de protection pour catalyseur - Google Patents

Filtre de protection pour catalyseur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998012424A1
WO1998012424A1 PCT/US1997/016165 US9716165W WO9812424A1 WO 1998012424 A1 WO1998012424 A1 WO 1998012424A1 US 9716165 W US9716165 W US 9716165W WO 9812424 A1 WO9812424 A1 WO 9812424A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packet
getter
mass
exhaust
catalytic converter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/016165
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William C. Pfefferle
Subir Roychoudhury
Original Assignee
Precision Combustion Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Precision Combustion Inc. filed Critical Precision Combustion Inc.
Publication of WO1998012424A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998012424A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/30—Removable or rechangeable blocks or cartridges, e.g. for filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved catalytic reaction systems.
  • the present invention relates to improved catalyst systems for controlling exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion engines.
  • Automotive emissions are still a major environmental problem in spite of the major advances brought about by the use of catalytic converters.
  • An important factor limiting emissions control is deactivation of the catalyst in use. With ever lower emissions being required and durability requirements extended from 50,000 to 100,000 miles in the U.S., avoidance of catalyst deactivation is of increased importance.
  • With the bulk of present emissions occurring on engine starting before the catalyst reaches its operating temperature there is also the need to reduce catalyst warm-up time of automotive catalysts. This has led to the need to use high activity fast light-off catalysts or even electrically heated catalysts. Maintaining the activity of such catalysts will be crucial to reducing emissions during the warm-up period.
  • catalyst sintering can be a problem without use of advanced design formulations
  • the main source of activity loss of automotive catalysts is the blocking of active catalyst sites by inorganic deposits.
  • Such deposits include dust which escapes capture by the engine air filter, corrosion products from engine components, and most damaging sticky low melting point inorganic ash and volatiles from combustion of engine oil.
  • inorganics consist of compounds having molecular weights greater tha forty.
  • catalyst deactivation can be allowed for by simply providing extra catalyst to compenstate for that deactivated, as is presently the procedure with present catalytic converters.
  • merely increasing the size of a catalytic converter does not negate the increase in light-off time as the front end deactivates.
  • monolith and “monolith catalyst” refer not only to conventional monolithic structures and catalysts such as employed in conventional catalytic converters but also to short channel length structures of enhanced mass transfer efficiency such as woven screens .
  • minilith refers to monolith elements having flow channels of less than three millimeters in length and more than forty channels per square centimeter.
  • rigidized fiber mass for the purposes of this invention means a low density foam or fiber sponge, mass, or assembly of metal or ceramic having a high open area of at least sixty percent and constrained against loss of open area by gas flow compaction of the structure.
  • a multiplicity of high open area, short channel length monoliths or a similar high open area structure can act as an efficient getter to trap engine exhaust gas particulates and contaminant vapors which can otherwise blanket converter catalyst sites without degrading engine performance or impairing catalytic converter fast lightoff.
  • the thermal mass of the getter must be low to minimize heat loss from the exhaust to the getter, ie less than 100 or more preferably less than 50 grams per liter of engine displacement and preferably be readily replaceable, for example as part of a gasket assembly to attach the exhaust pipe to the exhaust manifold.
  • the getter must also offer minimal resistance to gas flow to avoid degrading engine performance and increasing fuel consumption.
  • getter open area should be at least as high as sixty percent in the direction of gas flow and more preferably at least 70 percent. Further, it is preferred that the getter have a high geometric surface area to maximize traping efficiency.
  • Monoliths or foams should have a high cell density with cell walls no more than 0.127 millimeters (mm) in thickness and preferably no more than 0.08 mm. Fibers or screen wire diameters of the same dimensions are preferred. Use of a getter of the present invention allows achievement of ULEV emission levels for well over 100,000 miles of vehicle operation without the need for excess catalyst.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional side view of a gasket filter packet of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 show a gasket filter packet fitted to an engine exhaust manifold.
  • a minilith gasket assembly 10 for a two liter automotive engine consists of gasket 11 attached to minilith packet 12 containing ten hast-x minilith screens 14 having a total mass of less than thirty grams .
  • Figure 2 shows gasket assembly 20 having a rigidized fiber packet 22 having fibers 0.08 millimeters diameter and 70 percent open area with gasket 21 positioned for attachment with exhaust pipe

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

Afin de prolonger la durée de vie utile d'un convertisseur catalytique pour automobile, le système d'échappement comprend une cartouche de getter remplaçable (12) destinée à traiter les gaz d'échappement avant leur passage dans le convertisseur catalytique, éliminant les particules collantes et les contaminants à l'état de vapeur.
PCT/US1997/016165 1996-09-19 1997-09-11 Filtre de protection pour catalyseur WO1998012424A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71657396A 1996-09-19 1996-09-19
US08/716,573 1996-09-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998012424A1 true WO1998012424A1 (fr) 1998-03-26

Family

ID=24878556

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/016165 WO1998012424A1 (fr) 1996-09-19 1997-09-11 Filtre de protection pour catalyseur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1998012424A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2369147A1 (fr) * 2010-03-24 2011-09-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Structure de montage de filtre pour moteur à combustion interne
WO2012000599A1 (fr) * 2010-07-01 2012-01-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Patentabteilung Aj-3 Agencement d'un catalyseur dans un système d'échappement
WO2017090619A1 (fr) * 2015-11-25 2017-06-01 ヤンマー株式会社 Dispositif moteur

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118199A (en) * 1975-09-23 1978-10-03 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Monolithic carrier catalyst and arrangements of such a catalyst for the purification of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine
EP0273232A2 (fr) * 1986-12-20 1988-07-06 Adam Opel Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de purification des gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne et pot d'échappement catalytique
US5051241A (en) 1988-11-18 1991-09-24 Pfefferle William C Microlith catalytic reaction system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118199A (en) * 1975-09-23 1978-10-03 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Monolithic carrier catalyst and arrangements of such a catalyst for the purification of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine
EP0273232A2 (fr) * 1986-12-20 1988-07-06 Adam Opel Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de purification des gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne et pot d'échappement catalytique
US5051241A (en) 1988-11-18 1991-09-24 Pfefferle William C Microlith catalytic reaction system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2369147A1 (fr) * 2010-03-24 2011-09-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Structure de montage de filtre pour moteur à combustion interne
WO2012000599A1 (fr) * 2010-07-01 2012-01-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Patentabteilung Aj-3 Agencement d'un catalyseur dans un système d'échappement
CN102985651A (zh) * 2010-07-01 2013-03-20 宝马股份公司 排气系统中的催化器装置
WO2017090619A1 (fr) * 2015-11-25 2017-06-01 ヤンマー株式会社 Dispositif moteur
US10781733B2 (en) 2015-11-25 2020-09-22 Yanmar Power Technology Co., Ltd. Engine device

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