WO1996028571A1 - Procede de detection qualitative et quantitative de lesions de l'adn - Google Patents
Procede de detection qualitative et quantitative de lesions de l'adn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996028571A1 WO1996028571A1 PCT/FR1996/000391 FR9600391W WO9628571A1 WO 1996028571 A1 WO1996028571 A1 WO 1996028571A1 FR 9600391 W FR9600391 W FR 9600391W WO 9628571 A1 WO9628571 A1 WO 9628571A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dna
- lesions
- qualitative
- quantitative detection
- repair
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a method for qualitative and quantitative detection of lesions on deoxyribonucleic acid due to physical or chemical agents as well as a method for qualitative and quantitative detection of the activity of modulating substances for repairing extracts cells on damaged Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
- jurious product means any specific pure chemical agent, any artificial mixture of chemical agents, or any natural composition of chemical agents or any physical agent such as radiation, in particular ionizing radiation and ultraviolet radiation.
- a lesion can lead to a mutation in the DNA, which can cause the cell to malfunction and therefore cause a problem in the body. It is therefore important to analyze the reactions of an individual's DNA with regard to injurious products in order to draw interesting information, in particular for monitoring the development of certain diseases or to prevent their consequences. It is therefore necessary, from cells contained in the blood or in any tissue, to recover the DNA then to purify it and analyze its behavior with regard to the injurious products by determining the consequences induced by these lesions.
- the solid support is generally a microtitration plate comprising wells, which are sensitized by incubation in a medium containing these cationic macromolecular complexes. This plate is incubated with the sample whose proportion of DNA is sought to be assayed. The DNA is adsorbed and the plate is washed in buffer
- the DNA thus fixed is subjected to a molecular biology reaction involving several DNA specific enzymes in order to incorporate at least one nucleotide chemically labeled with a substance which can be subsequently revealed, for example by enzymatic reaction.
- Such incorporation is provided for in this prior method of assay by the "Nick translation" reaction, that is to say by a haplotomic cleavage displacement reaction.
- One such marker described in this previous application, is a modified nucleotide recognized by an avidin / enzyme or streptavidin / enzyme compound, the enzyme being peroxidase.
- the revelation of the incorporated marker is obtained by means of an apparatus capable of quantifying the signal emitted.
- the color reaction obtained with biotin is thus measured by means of a spectrophotometer.
- Such a method therefore has a well-defined aim which is the assay of DNA with a view to determining possible variations in the level of DNA, more particularly in humans but also under experimental conditions in order to quantify the phenomena of cell death.
- a certain percentage of lesions is repaired by this incision-excision and resynthesis mechanism, of the order of 7%.
- the plasmids are linearized, migrated on an electrophoresis gel to ensure separation and the radioactive signal emitted by the repaired chains in which a "hot" marker is present is studied.
- the signal report gives a repair report.
- the incision-excision activity can also be directly measured [Calsou and Salles (1994) Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm., 202. 788-795].
- markers are isotopes whose manipulation is less easy and that replacement by markers of other nature seems delicate.
- the UDS "Unscheduled DNA Synthesis” test which also consists of measuring the incorporation of one or more labeled nucleotides into the DNA of cells, is very often and especially used when in doubt with previous tests. subject to potentially genotoxic agents.
- the method according to the invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by making it possible to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the lesions induced in DNA, whether it comes from cells ex vivo (cells, tissues) or whether '' it is DNA in vitro (purified or derived from cells in culture).
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to determine the capacity of a substance or of a mixture of substances to inhibit the injurious effect of an injurious product.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to test modulating agents for repair.
- modulation more precisely the inhibition of the repairing activity of the DNA of a cell is a therapeutic route for the treatment of cancers.
- the present invention makes it possible, by implementing a specific additional step, to directly treat cells with an injurious chemical and to determine, always qualitatively and quantitatively, the lesions suffered by the DNA of said cell.
- the process contributes to simplifying this type of study of lesions, it can be automated which gives it a certain industrial connotation, it applies to all types of DNA and on very reduced quantities thanks to a very high sensitivity of the test .
- the speed of the response is also a major advantage, especially for industry, since the order of magnitude is a few hours.
- Sensitized support any particularly solid support including gelatin, having been treated with substances having a very strong affinity for nucleic material (DNA or RNA).
- Cell extract partially purified cell extract, purified and isolated components with possible recombination within a composition of some of these purified components or component obtained by molecular biology.
- nucleotide modified with a radioactive or non-radioactive marker of the chemically grafted type.
- composition comprising at least one cellular extract having a repairing activity on this DNA, said extract containing markers,
- the steps are as follows: g
- composition comprising at least one cellular extract having a repairing activity on this DNA, said extract containing markers,
- the invention also provides a method for measuring the modulation effect of the inhibitory effect of the repair of at least one molecule, which comprises the following steps:
- Action of a composition comprising at least one cell extract having a repairing activity on this DNA, said extract containing markers, and jointly action of at least one molecule having a modulating power of the repair action,
- the support is a solid support, in particular a well microtitration plate or “latex” beads.
- the support is sensitized by substances having a very strong affinity with respect to DNA so as to cause a fixation of this DNA by adsorption.
- These substances are chosen from cationic substances or proteins, at the pH used for the adsorption of the nucleic material.
- the cationic substances are more particularly chosen from poly amino acids of polylysine or polyargine, levorotatory, dextrorotatory or levorotatory / dextrorotatory type.
- polylysine its retained molecular weight is in the fraction 15,000 to 30,000 Daltons.
- the sensitization of the support is carried out by incubation in 10 mM phosphate buffer, 137 mM sodium chloride and a pH of between 6.5 and 8, more particularly 7.2.
- the injurious product in the case of a chemical injurious product, is diluted in a buffered and bioactivated solution.
- washing solution is a 10 mM phosphate buffer solution, 37 mM sodium chloride and a nonionic surfactant, for example "Tween 20" in a proportion equal to 0.05 to 0.15% and more particularly 0.1 %.
- the method can also be implemented for the capture of DNA directly derived from treated living cells and comprises the following steps: • action of a damaging product directly on the cells,
- This lysis of the cells in the suitable solution is carried out in the presence of the sensitized support.
- the process is also characterized by the following stages:
- FIGS. 1 A to 1 F a diagram illustrating the steps of the process
- FIGS. 1 A ', 1 B' and 1 C corresponding to a variant of the scheduling of certain steps
- FIG. 2 graph of the ratio of the rate of DNA capture by adsorption in percentage on a rigid support sensitized to polylysine compared to a non-sensitized support
- FIG. 3 graph of the kinetics of repair of damaged DNA
- FIG. 4 graph of the repair report as a function of the quantity of cell extract
- FIG. 7 graph of the repair report as a function of the dose of methylmethanesulfonate (MMS) added before or after adsorption of the DNA into the well,.
- FIG. 8 graph of the repair report as a function of the dose of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) incubated with DNA in an organic solvent before adsorption in the well, and
- Figure 9 a graph showing the values of the inhibitory effect of different molecules on the repair activity of cell extracts.
- the tests carried out using the method according to the invention consisted in carrying out the following steps a / to f /, shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 1 A to 1 F and detailed below:
- Figures 1 A - 1 B preparation and adsorption of DNA on wells sensitized a /
- An ampicillin-resistant plasmid 2959 bp is prepared by the alkaline lysis method from Escherichia coll. JM109, followed, for example, by Qiagen column chromatography.
- b / Preparation of a solid support, in this case a microlite titration plate of the Microlite II type, sold by the company Dynatech. The wells of this plate are then sensitized overnight with 50 ⁇ L of poly-L-lysine in the molecular fraction of between 1,500 and 30,000 Daltons in a phosphate buffer solution with a salt, this at a temperature of 4 ° C. .
- This plate is washed twice with a washing solution comprising a phosphate buffer with a salt to which a non-ionic surfactant, "Tween 20", is added, in a proportion of 0.1%.
- a washing solution comprising a phosphate buffer with a salt to which a non-ionic surfactant, "Tween 20", is added, in a proportion of 0.1%.
- the DNA solution is gently stirred for 30 minutes at 30 ° C., then washed twice with a washing solution identical to the plate washing solution.
- Figure 1 C formation of DNA damage by the action of the injurious product c / Generation of lesions on the DNA thus adsorbed, with germicidal ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm.
- the emission rate is measured by a dosimeter for ultraviolet radiation and the radiation is emitted with powers between 50 and 600 J / m 2 .
- Alkylating agents are diluted in 10 mM phosphate buffer, at pH 7.2 and incubated with DNA for 1 hour at 30 ° C.
- Figures 1 A '- 1 B' Preparation and action of an injurious product on DNA a '/
- a plasmid is prepared in an identical manner to that of a /. b '/
- the damaged DNA is obtained either by incubating in aqueous phase or in an organic solvent of the plasmid DNA with at least one genotoxic substance, or by purifying the genomic DNA of cells pretreated with at least one genotoxic substance.
- ethidium monoazide is dissolved in a 10 mM solution
- Tris-HCI 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and incubated with DNA (80 ⁇ g / ml) with different molar ratios (drug / nucleotide) between 1.10-3 and 4.10-2 for 10 minutes and then subjected for 270 seconds to the action of a 500 W balloon lamp
- the DNA is, for example, precipitated with ethanol.
- Figures 1 C adsorption of DNA on sensitized wells c7 During this step, the damaged DNA is fixed on the wells of a sensitized microtitration support plate in the same way as in step b /.
- FIG. 1D repair reaction and incorporation of DIG-1 1 dUMP at the damage sites, in the presence of a cell extract d / Repair in the presence of a cell extract and agents of known type, comprising, for example, for a volume of reaction medium (MR), of 50 ⁇ l: • 1 50 ⁇ g of protein extracts extracted from HeLa cells,
- MR reaction medium
- Figure 1 E incubation with an anti-DIG antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase and recognition of the anti-DIG by the antibody followed by an incubation with a luminescent agent e /
- the labeled DNA is incubated for 30 minutes with an antibody coupled anti-digox ⁇ genin combined with an alkaline phosphatase diluted to 1 / 10,000 in a phosphate buffer with salt, plus 0.025% acetylated bovine serum albumin and 0.1% of "Nonidet P40".
- the plates are washed three times with the same solution as above.
- Figure 1F light emission due to the enzymatic dephosphorylation of the "Lumi-Phos 530" il Incubation with a chemiluminescent substrate, "Lumi-Phos 530", for 15 minutes and measurement of the light emitted with a luminometer ("Luminoskan” ) and expressed in relative light units (RLU).
- Luminoskan chemiluminescent substrate
- the presence of DNA damage is detected by the appropriate excision repair reaction in an in-vitro environment. After incubation of the injured DNA and of the non-injured DNA in the presence of a cell extract, the repair ratio can be determined by chemiluminescence.
- this is defined as the ratio of the luminescent raw signal obtained for a "test" condition to the signal obtained with an untreated control DNA.
- the tests consisted in varying the following parameters: incubation time, extent of the lesion, concentration of the cell extract, concentration of salts, or quantity of DNA, so as to optimize the repair reaction.
- the repair kinetics with a HeLa cell extract represented by the graph in FIG. 3, shows that the maximum of repairs is obtained in 3 hours, duration at the end of which the repair kinetics stagnate.
- FIG. 5 shows tests with different concentrations of salt, in this case potassium chloride, KCI.
- the curve presents a maximum with 70 mM KCI.
- the optimal values used are:
- the method according to the invention then consists in revealing the lesions thus generated and two possibilities are offered, the first in which the lesions are generated prior to the adsorption stage and, the second, in which the lesions are generated after the adsorption stage.
- the curve with the squares corresponds to the submission of the DNA to ultraviolet radiation before the adsorption step and the curve with the circles corresponds to the submission of the DNA to the ultraviolet radiation after step d 'adsorption.
- adduct type lesions detected by the test according to the invention may have been produced on DNA adsorbed in the well or before adsorption as shown in Figures 7 and 8.
- the DNA was treated with an alkylating agent methylmethanesulfonate (MMS) which induces lesions by covalent attachment.
- MMS methylmethanesulfonate
- the DNA was treated once it was adsorbed in the well and in the case of the curve with the circles, the DNA was treated beforehand in the liquid phase. MMS then adsorbed into the well.
- MNNG 1-methyl-3-nitro-1 -nitrosoguanidine
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- test according to the invention can be automated. This same test can also be used to screen for genotoxic compounds, some of which can be activated by enzymes. Likewise, the action of oxidizing compounds can be tested as the inhibiting effect of antioxidant agents.
- a / Hydrogen peroxide is known to produce free radicals by the FENTON reaction.
- Well microtiter plates with fixed DNA are incubated for different periods of time with varying amounts of hydrogen peroxide diluted in phosphate buffer solution at 37 ° C. Tests have shown that the maximum repair ratio is obtained for an amount of 0.27 mM of hydrogen peroxide, ie a dilution of 1, 6.10 of H2O2 to 30%.
- the plates are then rinsed twice with the same washing solution as above, using the non-ionic surfactant "Tween 20" at a rate of 0.1%.
- b / Methylene blue is known to release an oxygen atom by photoactivation.
- the methylene blue was subjected to visible light radiation for 20 minutes with two 100 W balloon lamps, a distance between the lamps and the support plates of 30 cm and a concentration of methylene blue of 15 ng / ml.
- the step of repairing the lesions is carried out according to the teaching indicated above, using the same MR reaction medium.
- the plates, after the action of the MR reaction medium are washed three times with the washing solution previously indicated and incubated for 15 minutes with a chemiluminescent substrate ("Lumi-Phos 530").
- RLU control corresponds to the value of the signal of methylene blue alone subjected to radiation
- RLU test corresponds to the value of the signal of methylene blue subjected to ultraviolet radiation plus an antioxidant molecule
- RLU reference corresponds to the value of the signal of the antioxidant molecule alone. The calculations show that it is grouped in the following table that silymarin has a high antioxidant activity while plasma and vitamin A have no antioxidant effect. silymarin A.R. A.R. vitamin C A.R. A.R.
- molecules for which it is sought to demonstrate a modulating effect of the repair can be added, these molecules are preferably diluted in water or in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) .
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- nalidixic acid an inhibitor of the gyrA subunit of E. coli gyrase (curve with circles) has no effect on the activity of these extracts from HeLa cells.
- oxidizing products because they generate free radicals of the oxygen singlet O 2 type , and the hydroxyl OHM radical as has been indicated when the tests are produced directly on DNA fixed on a solid support.
- the cells are therefore subjected to the action of the compound to be tested, for example a genotoxic agent, then, after a variable incubation period, in the presence of this genotoxic agent, the cells are incubated in the presence of a lysis agent directly into the wells of a sensitized microtiter plate, in order to capture the DNA thus generated, which must be analyzed.
- the compound to be tested for example a genotoxic agent
- lysis composition of a 10 mM phosphate buffer solution, 137 mM sodium chloride, 5 to 20% urea (preferably 10%), hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide 0.1 to 0.5% (preferably 0.2%). %), proteinase K, from 200 to 500 ⁇ g / ml.
- the lysis stage is between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
- the washes are carried out in the same way as above, with a suitable solution, then the wells of the plate are incubated with a cell extract in order to allow possible repair.
- the revelation in particular by chemiluminescence in the case of the use of cold markers of this type, allows the study of lesions generated on DNA when the cell which carries it is subjected to the action of a compound to be tested. .
- This method of capturing and fixing DNA on a solid support is useful for many applications.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP8527339A JPH11510362A (ja) | 1995-03-15 | 1996-03-13 | Dna損傷の定性的および定量的検出プロセス |
AU50089/96A AU5008996A (en) | 1995-03-15 | 1996-03-13 | Method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of dna damage |
US08/913,193 US6261767B1 (en) | 1995-03-15 | 1996-03-13 | Method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of DNA damage |
EP96906825A EP0815260A1 (fr) | 1995-03-15 | 1996-03-13 | Procede de detection qualitative et quantitative de lesions de l'adn |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR95/03230 | 1995-03-15 | ||
FR9503230A FR2731711B1 (fr) | 1995-03-15 | 1995-03-15 | Procede de detection qualitative et quantitative de lesions de l'adn |
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WO1996028571A1 true WO1996028571A1 (fr) | 1996-09-19 |
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PCT/FR1996/000391 WO1996028571A1 (fr) | 1995-03-15 | 1996-03-13 | Procede de detection qualitative et quantitative de lesions de l'adn |
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US (1) | US6261767B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0815260A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11510362A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU5008996A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2215493A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2731711B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996028571A1 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998037233A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-21 | 1998-08-27 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Procede de mise en evidence et/ou de dosage d'adn endommage dans un echantillon d'adn et son application au criblage de produits cytotoxiques agissant sur l'adn |
WO1998053099A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-11-26 | Genolife | Procede de detection qualitative et quantitative d'alterations de l'adn et des ligands de ces alterations |
WO1999049080A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-26 | 1999-09-30 | Societe Française De Recherches Et D'investissements (S.F.R.I.) | Procede de detection de lesions de l'adn au moyen de complexes de proteines et elements permettant la mise en oeuvre du procede |
WO2000022167A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-20 | Xgene Corporation | Procede de determination de l'activite du facteur de transcription et ses utilisations techniques |
DE19850680A1 (de) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-05-04 | Peter Nehls | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Reparaturkapazität von DNS-Reparaturenzyme enthaltenden Lösungen und zum Nachweis von DNS-Strukturmodifikationen und Basenfehlpaarungen |
US6913880B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2005-07-05 | Xgene Corporation | Method for determining transcription factor activity and its technical uses |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2775693B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-03 | 2003-10-10 | Genolife | Utilisation d'un polymere nucleique comme marqueur d'authenticite de produits et moyens mis en oeuvre pour sa revelation |
FR2809417B1 (fr) * | 2000-05-24 | 2004-07-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Detection et caracterisation de l'activite de proteines impliquees dans la reparation de lesions de l'adn |
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EP0229674A2 (fr) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-22 | Preventive Medicine Institute | Test de détermination de la prédisposition ou de la susceptibilité aux maladies associées à l'ADN |
EP0261955A2 (fr) * | 1986-09-26 | 1988-03-30 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Procédé pour l'immobilisation d'ADN |
EP0472482A1 (fr) * | 1990-08-21 | 1992-02-26 | SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE RECHERCHES ET D'INVESTISSEMENT (SFRI),Societé Anonyme | Nouveau procédé de dosage d'acide désoxyribonucleique présent en position extracellulaire dans un milieu |
WO1992017610A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-27 | 1992-10-15 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno | Procede et kit de detection de l'apoptose |
-
1995
- 1995-03-15 FR FR9503230A patent/FR2731711B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-03-13 CA CA002215493A patent/CA2215493A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-13 AU AU50089/96A patent/AU5008996A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-13 WO PCT/FR1996/000391 patent/WO1996028571A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-13 EP EP96906825A patent/EP0815260A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-13 US US08/913,193 patent/US6261767B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-13 JP JP8527339A patent/JPH11510362A/ja active Pending
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EP0229674A2 (fr) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-22 | Preventive Medicine Institute | Test de détermination de la prédisposition ou de la susceptibilité aux maladies associées à l'ADN |
EP0261955A2 (fr) * | 1986-09-26 | 1988-03-30 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Procédé pour l'immobilisation d'ADN |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998037233A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-21 | 1998-08-27 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Procede de mise en evidence et/ou de dosage d'adn endommage dans un echantillon d'adn et son application au criblage de produits cytotoxiques agissant sur l'adn |
FR2760025A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-21 | 1998-08-28 | Inst Nat Sante Rech Med | Procede de mise en evidence et/ou de dosage d'adn endommage dans un echantillon d'adn et son application au criblage de produits cytotoxiques agissant sur l'adn |
WO1998053099A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-11-26 | Genolife | Procede de detection qualitative et quantitative d'alterations de l'adn et des ligands de ces alterations |
FR2763600A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-11-27 | Genolife | Procede de detection qualitative et quantitative d'alterations de l'adn et des ligands de ces alterations |
US6309838B1 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 2001-10-30 | Genolife | Method for detecting qualitative and quantitative alterations in DNA and ligands of said alteration ligands |
WO1999049080A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-26 | 1999-09-30 | Societe Française De Recherches Et D'investissements (S.F.R.I.) | Procede de detection de lesions de l'adn au moyen de complexes de proteines et elements permettant la mise en oeuvre du procede |
FR2776670A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-26 | 1999-10-01 | Rech Investissements Sfri Soc | Procede de detection de lesions de l'adn au moyen de complexes de proteines et elements permettant la mise en oeuvre du procede |
WO2000022167A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-20 | Xgene Corporation | Procede de determination de l'activite du facteur de transcription et ses utilisations techniques |
US6913880B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2005-07-05 | Xgene Corporation | Method for determining transcription factor activity and its technical uses |
DE19850680A1 (de) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-05-04 | Peter Nehls | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Reparaturkapazität von DNS-Reparaturenzyme enthaltenden Lösungen und zum Nachweis von DNS-Strukturmodifikationen und Basenfehlpaarungen |
WO2000026402A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-05-11 | Peter Nehls | Procede et trousse de test pour analyser la reparation d'adn |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2215493A1 (fr) | 1996-09-19 |
AU5008996A (en) | 1996-10-02 |
FR2731711B1 (fr) | 1997-06-06 |
FR2731711A1 (fr) | 1996-09-20 |
JPH11510362A (ja) | 1999-09-14 |
EP0815260A1 (fr) | 1998-01-07 |
US6261767B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 |
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