WO1996016124A1 - Nouveaux composes silicones a fonctions amines cycliques steriquement encombrees, utiles pour la stabilisation lumiere et thermique des polymeres - Google Patents
Nouveaux composes silicones a fonctions amines cycliques steriquement encombrees, utiles pour la stabilisation lumiere et thermique des polymeres Download PDFInfo
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- WO1996016124A1 WO1996016124A1 PCT/FR1995/001503 FR9501503W WO9616124A1 WO 1996016124 A1 WO1996016124 A1 WO 1996016124A1 FR 9501503 W FR9501503 W FR 9501503W WO 9616124 A1 WO9616124 A1 WO 9616124A1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 title description 8
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title description 2
- -1 methylene, dimethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 20
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006136 organohydrogenpolysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101000596041 Homo sapiens Plastin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150003196 PCS1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100493726 Phalaenopsis sp. BIBSY212 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100035181 Plastin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100030895 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) RPT4 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JWUXJYZVKZKLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triacetonamine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)N1 JWUXJYZVKZKLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FSIJKGMIQTVTNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl)-methyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C=C)C=C FSIJKGMIQTVTNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KSGXXSJRSQQSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)(CC(C)(C)N1)C=C KSGXXSJRSQQSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Substances CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical compound [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCN1 XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC=C VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLISNDFVWLZXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methylidenepiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=C)CC(C)(C)N1 XLISNDFVWLZXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 BC(*)(CC([*-])(*)*C)N(*)C(*)(*)* Chemical compound BC(*)(CC([*-])(*)*C)N(*)C(*)(*)* 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003299 Eltex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FXNFFCMITPHEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl 10-undecenoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FXNFFCMITPHEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000596046 Homo sapiens Plastin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical class NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150071172 PCS2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035182 Plastin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DSWICQDUYHOEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg]C=C Chemical compound [Mg]C=C DSWICQDUYHOEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical class C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001743 benzylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMGJCSHZTFKPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH-]=C RMGJCSHZTFKPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LSEFCHWGJNHZNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LSEFCHWGJNHZNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KQOATKAFTRNONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolan-2-amine Chemical compound NC1CCCO1 KQOATKAFTRNONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000176 photostabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G77/382—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon
- C08G77/388—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/544—Silicon-containing compounds containing nitrogen
- C08K5/5477—Silicon-containing compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in its first object, to novel silicone compounds comprising per molecule at least one sterically hindered cyclic amine function linked to the silicon atom by an SI-AC bond where A is a purely hydrocarbon residue of low carbon condensation ; it also relates, in its first object, to silicone compounds comprising per molecule at least one sterically hindered cyclic amine function linked to the silicon atom by an Si-AC bond where A is a purely hydrocarbon residue of low carbon condensation, and at least one other compatibilizing function linked to silicon by an Si-C bond. It also relates, in a second object, to a process for the preparation of said silicone compounds. It also relates, in a third object, to the use of such compounds in polymers to improve their resistance against degradation under the effect of ultra-violet (UV) radiation, oxygen in the air and heat. .
- UV ultra-violet
- organic polymers and more particularly polyolefins and polyalkadienes, undergo degradation when they are subjected to external agents and in particular to the combined action of air and solar ultraviolet radiation. This degradation is generally limited by the introduction into the polymer of small amounts of stabilizing agents.
- cyclic hindered amines in particular 2,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidines
- 2,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidines are currently among the most effective.
- one of the major problems relating to the use of these anti-UV stabilizers is to obtain a good compromise between their effectiveness, which implies their mobility within the polymer, and the permanence of their action, which involves the use of high molecular weight molecules having excellent compatibility with the polymers to be stabilized.
- R 1 are identical or different and represent a monovalent hydrocarbon radical chosen from alkyl radicals, linear or branched, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and phenyl;
- a secondary or tertiary amine function included in a cyclic hydrocarbon chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, in which the two cyclic carbon atoms located in the positions ⁇ and a with respect to the cyclic nitrogen atom do not have no hydrogen atom;
- a is a number chosen from 0, 1 and 2.
- the poiyorganosiloxane can also have at least one other motif unit of formula:
- R 1 have the same meanings as those given above in connection with the formula (I); • the symbol W represents a monovalent group with a compatibilizing function chosen from: an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having more than 4 carbon atoms; a radical of formula -R2-COO-R3 in which R2 represents an alkylene radical, linear or branched, having 5 to 20 carbon atoms and R3 represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; a radical of formula
- R 4 represents an alkylene radical, linear or branched, having from 3 to 15 carbon atoms
- R5 represents an alkylene radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- c is a number from 0 to 10
- R6 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an acyl radical -CO-R 7 where R 7 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 11 carbon atoms;
- b is a number chosen from 0, 1 and 2.
- siloxyl unit (s) of the poiyorganosiloxane corresponds (s) to the formula:
- d is a number chosen from 0, 1, 2 and 3;
- e is a number chosen from 0 and 1;
- siloxy units of formula (I) when there are more than two, can be identical or different from one another; the same remark also applies to the siloxyl units of formulas (II) and (III).
- polyorganosiloxane resins consist of at least two different types of siloxy units, namely "M” (R3SiO ⁇ 2) and “T” units and possibly “D” units (R2Si ⁇ 2 / 2) l; e ratio number of units “M” / number of units “Q” and / or “T” is generally between 4/1 and 0.5 / 1, and the ratio number of units “D” / number of units “Q” and / or “T” is generally between 0 100/1.
- the numbers of the units of formulas (I), and optionally (II) and (III) are such that the polyorganosiloxanes according to the invention contain:
- the molar% indicated express the number of moles of functions per 100 silicon atoms.
- the preferred radicals R 1 are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl; more preferably, at least 80 mol% of the radicals R * l are methyls.
- amino functions Z equipped with the ball joint A (that is to say the monovalent groups X), which are preferred, are chosen from the groups of formula:
- A represents a divalent residue, having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, chosen from the residues:
- R 1 1 and R 1 ⁇ are chosen from a hydrogen atom, alkyl radicals, linear or branched, having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, phenyl and benzyl; • to and A2 representing an alkylene radical, linear or branched, having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms where the 2 free valences are not carried by the same carbon atom, or a radical of formula:
- R 1 3 which may be identical to the symbol R 14 , represents an alkylene radical, linear or branched, having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, the symbol R 14 represents an alkylene radical, linear or branched, having 1 to 2 atoms carbon, and g is a number 0 or 1; • R ⁇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group;
- radicals R ⁇ identical or different from one another, are chosen from alkyl radicals, linear or branched, having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, phenyl and benzyl;
- R 1 0 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, alkyl radicals, linear or branched, having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl carbonyl radicals or the alkyl radical is a linear or branched residue having from 1 to 8 atoms carbon, phenyl and benzyl radicals and an O- radical; and
- f is a number chosen from 0 and 1;
- the symbol R ⁇ is a hydroxyl group. More preferably, the monovalent groups -A-Z are chosen from those of formula (IV) in which:
- A represents a divalent residue, having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, chosen from the residues:
- AA 1 or the symbols R 1 1 and R 12 t which are identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a methyl and a phenyl;
- radicals R ⁇ are methyl, the radical R 1 ⁇ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical;
- the preferred optional compatibilizing functions W are chosen: from an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having 5 to 18 carbon atoms; a radical of formula -R ⁇ -COO-R ⁇ in which R ⁇ represents an alkylene radical, linear or branched, having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and R 4 represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having 1 to 6 carbon atoms ; a radical of formula -R 4 -O- (R5- ⁇ ) c -R in which R 4 represents an alkylene radical, linear or branched, having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having 2 with carbon atoms, c is a number from 0 to 6 and R *> represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an acyl radical -CO-R 7 where R 7 represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the compatibilizing functions W are chosen from the n-octyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, methyl or ethyl decamethylene carboxylate radicals.
- the present invention taken in its first object, aims even more precisely:
- Y represent a monovalent radical chosen from R ⁇ , X, W and a hydrogen atom; • m is a whole or fractional number ranging from 0 to 180;
- n is a whole or fractional number ranging from 0 to 180;
- the sum m + n + p + q is in the range from 5 to 100; the ratio 100 m / m + n + p + q + 2 ⁇ 0.5; and optionally at least one of the substituents Y represents the radical W;
- r is a whole or fractional number ranging from 1 to 9;
- t is a whole or fractional number ranging from 0 to 0.5;
- u is a whole or fractional number ranging from 0 to 5;
- the polymers of formula (V), which are preferred (so-called PL1 polymers) or very preferred (so-called PL2 polymers), are those for which: the symbols Y represent R 1 ; m is an integer or fraction ranging from 1 to 90; n is a whole or fractional number ranging from 0 to 90; p is an integer or fraction ranging from 0 to 5; q is an integer or fraction ranging from 0 to 50; the sum m + n + p + q is a whole or fractional number ranging from 10 to 100; the ratio 100 m / m + n + p + q + 2 is in the range from 8 to 90; with the condition that if n is different from 0, the ratio 100 n / m + n + p + q + 2 is in the range from 8 to 90, this ratio can be identical or different from the previous ratio; • the radicals R 1 , X and W simultaneously have the preferred definitions (in the case of polymers PL1) or the more preferred
- polymers of formula (VI), which are preferred (so-called PC1 polymers) or very preferred (so-called PC2 polymers), are those for which:
- r is a whole or fractional number ranging from 1 to 4.5;
- t is a whole or fractional number ranging from 0 to 0.25;
- u is a whole or fractional number ranging from 0 to 2.5; “The sum r + s + 1 + u is a whole or fractional number ranging from 3 to 5;
- the polymers of formula (V), which are especially suitable (so-called PLS1 polymers) or very well (so-called PLS2 polymers), are the polymers PL1 or PL defined above for which the symbol n is a number ranging from 1 to 90 .
- the polymers of formula (VI), which are especially suitable (so-called PCS1 polymers) or very well (so-called PCS2 polymers), are the PC1 or PC2 polymers defined above for which the symbol s is a number ranging from 1 to 4 , 5.
- the optionally mixed organopolysiloxanes of the invention can be obtained from, and this constitutes the second subject of the invention
- the optionally mixed polyorganosiloxanes of the invention can be obtained by using: in the case of polymers containing amine function (s) only: an addition reaction (hydrosilylation), or in the case of mixed polymers with amine function (s) and compatibilizing function (s): two simultaneous or successive addition reactions (hydrosilylations), starting from: corresponding organohydrogenpolysiloxanes (H) free of the Z functions equipped (s) ) of the ball joint A and W, of the ethylenically unsaturated organic compound (s) at the end of the chain ( ⁇ ) from which the function (s) are (are) derived Z fitted with ball joint A and optionally with ethylenically unsaturated compound (s) at the end of the chain ( ⁇ ) from which the W function (s) derive (s).
- organohydrogenpolysiloxanes (H) free of the Z functions equipped (s) ) of the ball joint A and W of the ethylenically unsaturated organic
- hydrosilylation reactions can be carried out at a temperature of the order of 20 to 200 ° C, preferably of the order of 60 to 120 ° C, in the presence of a catalyst based on a metal from the group of platinum; mention may be made in particular of the platinum derivatives and complexes described in US-A-3715334, US-A-3814730, US-A-3 159601, US-A-3 159662.
- the amounts of catalyst used are of the order of 1 to 300 parts per million, expressed as metal relative to the reaction medium.
- the olefinic unsaturation capable of reacting with (H) by hydrosilylation we will consider as elementary entity the olefinic unsaturation capable of reacting with (H) by hydrosilylation.
- the olefinic unsaturation capable of reacting with (H) by hydrosilylation we will consider as elementary entity the olefinic unsaturation capable of reacting with (H) by hydrosilylation.
- the amounts of reagents that can be used generally correspond to a molar ratio [( ⁇ ) + optionally ( ⁇ )] / SiH [of (H)] which is of the order of 1 to 5, preferably of the order from 1 to 2.
- the hydrosilylation reactions can take place in bulk or, preferably, in a volatile organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, methylcyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, heptane, octane or isopropanol; the reaction medium can also contain a buffering agent consisting in particular of an alkaline salt of a monocarboxylic acid such as for example sodium acetate.
- a volatile organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, methylcyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, heptane, octane or isopropanol
- the reaction medium can also contain a buffering agent consisting in particular of an alkaline salt of a monocarboxylic acid such as for example sodium acetate.
- the crude optionally mixed polyorganosiloxanes which are obtained can be purified in particular by passing over a column filled with an ion exchange resin and / or by simple devolatilization of the reagents introduced in excess and optionally of the solvent used, by heating operated between 100 and 180 ° C under reduced pressure.
- organohydrogenopolysiloxanes (H) used for example in the preparation of linear mixed polydiorganosiloxanes of formula (V) are those of formula:
- organohydrogenopolysiloxanes (H) used for example in the preparation of the cyclic mixed polydiorganosiloxanes of formula (VI) are those of formula:
- organohydrogenpolysiloxanes (H) of formulas (VII) and (VIII) are known in the literature and, for some, they are commercially available.
- R 15 represents the radical, from which the A2 residue is derived, which has ethylenic unsaturation, located at the end of the chain, capable of reacting in hydrosilylation in the presence of a catalyst based on a platinum group metal; and the symbols R ⁇ , R 1 ⁇ and f have the general or preferential meanings given above with regard to formula (IV).
- R 1 ⁇ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical.
- the compounds of formula 1 are known in the literature and they can be prepared, according to the procedure described by D. COLLUM et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (1991) pages 9575 and following, by carrying out a WITTIG-type reaction between tetramethyl-2,2,6,6 or pentamethyl-1, 2,2,6,6 piperidinone and the reagent
- the unsaturated compounds ( ⁇ ) from which the W functions are derived are compounds having ethylenic unsaturation, located at the end of the chain, capable of reacting in hydrosilylation in the presence of a catalyst based on a platinum group metal.
- compounds ( ⁇ ) there may be mentioned, by way of example, octene-1, undecene-1, dodecene-1, tridecene-1, methyl or ethyl undecenoate.
- the optionally mixed polyorganosiloxanes according to the invention can be used as stabilizers against the oxidative and thermal light degradation of organic polymers, and this constitutes the third subject of the invention.
- organic polymers By way of example of such organic polymers, mention may be made of polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polyether ketones, acrylic polymers, their copolymers and their mixtures. .
- the compounds of the invention have a more particularly effective action with polyolefins and polyalkadienes such as polypropylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polybutadiene, their copolymers and their mixtures.
- Yet another object of the present invention therefore consists in organic polymer compositions stabilized against the harmful effects of heat and UV by an effective amount of at least one optionally mixed poiyorganosiloxane compound.
- compositions contain from 0.04 to 20 milliequivalents depending on the sterically hindered amine (s) per 100 g of polymer to be stabilized.
- the stabilized polymeric compositions according to the invention contain from 0.20 to 4 milliequivalents depending on the sterically hindered amine function (s) per 100 g of polymer.
- the stabilized polymer compositions contain from 0.01% to 5% by weight of poiyorganosiloxane compound optionally mixed with respect to the polymer.
- the addition of optionally mixed polyorganosiloxane compounds can be carried out during or after the preparation of the polymers.
- compositions can also contain all the additives and stabilizers usually used with the polymers they contain.
- stabilizers and additives can be used: antioxidants such as alkylated monophenols, alkylated hydroquinones, hydroxylated diphenyl sulfides, alkylidene-bisphenols, benzylic compounds, acylamino-phenols, esters or amides (3,5-4-hydroxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) -3-propionic acid; esters of (3,5-dicyclohexyl-3,5-hydroxy-4-phenyl) -3-propionic acid; light stabilizers such as optionally substituted benzoic acid esters, acrylic esters, nickel compounds, oxalamides; phosphites and phosphonites; metal deactivators; peroxide-destroying compounds; polyamide stabilizers; nucleating agents; fillers and reinforcing agents; other additives such as, for example, plasticizers, pigments, optical brighteners, flame retardants.
- the polymer compositions thus stabilized can be applied in the most varied forms, for example in the form of molded articles, sheets, fibers, cellular materials (foam), profiles or coating products, or as film-forming agents. (binders) for paints, varnishes, glues or cements.
- the mixture is left to return to ambient temperature and is left for another 1 hour 30 minutes with stirring.
- 50 g of distilled water and then 110 g of a 10% hydrochloric acid solutio (0.3 mol) are introduced into the dropping funnel.
- Two extractions of the reaction medium are carried out with 2 x 400 cm 3 of distilled water and all of the aqueous phases are combined.
- aqueous phase On this aqueous phase four extractions are made with 4 x 250 cm 3 of diethyl ether.
- the aqueous phase is transferred to a 2000 cm 3 reactor and 35 g of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 40% by weight (0.35 mol) are added with vigorous stirring; an organic phase separates from the medium.
- the two phases are separated and 3 extractions of the aqueous phase are carried out with 3 x 250 cm 3 of diethyl ether. All of the organic phases are dried over sodium sulfate. It is filtered and then most of the diethyl ether is removed on a rotary evaporator. This highly concentrated medium is then distilled under vacuum using a vigorous column 8 cm high (the product distills at 29 ° C under 5.32.1 O ⁇ Pa).
- the medium After having poured the oil with hydrogenosilyl functions, the medium is left to react for 23 hours at 90 ° C. During this period, two more introductions of 5.4 nm 3 of Karstedt catalyst are carried out. At the end of this time, the transformation rate of the Si-H functions is 80% by mole.
- 35.08 g (0.191 mole) of 98% pure triacetone amine are introduced into the dropping funnel and dissolved with 380 cm 3 of anhydrous ether.
- a bowl of water at room temperature (23 ° C) is placed under the pentacol and the casting is carried out over a period of 1 hour 30 minutes.
- the mixture is then left stirring for 1 hour, then the reaction medium is poured slowly over 600 cm 3 (0 mole) of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid at 1 mole per liter.
- the organic phase is then separated from the aqueous phase; the aqueous phase is extracted twice with 200 cm 3 of ethyl acetate, then 85 g of potassium hydroxide are loaded into the aqueous phase. A gelation of the magnesium salts is observed.
- the aqueous pha is then extracted 5 times with 1200 cm 3 of ethyl acetate, then the organic phases are combined and made alkaline with potassium hydroxide pellets in 50 cm of water until basicity persists.
- the organic phase is then separated and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then it is concentrated on a rotary evaporator.
- Polypropylene ELTEX® P HV001P (grade 10) 100 g 100 q
- Stabilizer S1 according to Example 1, part 2) 0.2 g containing 141.6 meq in amino functions for - 100 q of stabilizer
- CHIMASORB 944 (see formula below), containing 341 meq in functions - 0.2 g piperidinyls per 100 g of stabilizer
- compositions are transformed, under identical operating conditions, to yield films 200 ⁇ m thick.
- the film based on polypropylene stabilized with S1 from the composition (example 3) and the film based on polypropylene stabilized with S2 from the composition b (test b) are subjected to the same UV radiation exposure.
- the aging of the films is monitored by infrared spectrometry.
- the time of exposure T to UV rays is measured which is necessary for the absorbance in infrared spectrometry of the carbonyl band (at 1720 cm -1 ) resulting from the oxidation to be equal to the absorbance of a infrared reference band (CH2 band at 2722 cm ' 1 ); in other words, the time T necessary to have in each case a degree of photooxidation is measured such that:
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95940316A EP0792321A1 (fr) | 1994-11-18 | 1995-11-15 | Nouveaux composes silicones a fonctions amines cycliques steriquement encombrees, utiles pour la stabilisation lumiere et thermique des polymeres |
BR9510398A BR9510398A (pt) | 1994-11-18 | 1995-11-15 | Poliorganosiloxano processo de preparação de poliorganosiloxano utilização de poliorganosiloxano e composição de polímero orgânico |
AU41804/96A AU4180496A (en) | 1994-11-18 | 1995-11-15 | Novel silicone compounds having sterically hindered cyclic amine functions, for light and heat stabilisation of polymers |
JP8516616A JPH10509758A (ja) | 1994-11-18 | 1995-11-15 | ポリマーを熱及び光安定化するために用いることができる立体障害環状アミン官能基を含有する新規なシリコーン化合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9414055 | 1994-11-18 | ||
FR9414055A FR2727122B1 (fr) | 1994-11-18 | 1994-11-18 | Nouveaux composes silicones a fonctions amines cycliques steriquement encombrees, utiles pour la stabilisation lumiere et thermique des polymeres |
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WO1996016124A1 true WO1996016124A1 (fr) | 1996-05-30 |
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PCT/FR1995/001503 WO1996016124A1 (fr) | 1994-11-18 | 1995-11-15 | Nouveaux composes silicones a fonctions amines cycliques steriquement encombrees, utiles pour la stabilisation lumiere et thermique des polymeres |
Country Status (11)
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EP (1) | EP0792321A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH10509758A (fr) |
AR (1) | AR000254A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4180496A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9510398A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2207110A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2727122B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL116029A0 (fr) |
TR (1) | TR199501439A2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996016124A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA959790B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5792825A (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1998-08-11 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Silicone compounds containing sterically hindered cyclic amine functional groups which are useful for the light and thermal stabilization of polymers |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2921663A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-04-03 | Bluestar Silicones France Soc | Polyorganosiloxanes a fonction piperidine depourvus de toxicite par contact cutane et utilisation de ces derniers dans des compositions cosmetiques |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0338393A2 (fr) * | 1988-04-14 | 1989-10-25 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Composition thermoplastique extrudable par fusion, présentant une migration à la surface |
-
1994
- 1994-11-18 FR FR9414055A patent/FR2727122B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1995
- 1995-11-15 BR BR9510398A patent/BR9510398A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-15 CA CA002207110A patent/CA2207110A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-15 JP JP8516616A patent/JPH10509758A/ja active Pending
- 1995-11-15 WO PCT/FR1995/001503 patent/WO1996016124A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-15 EP EP95940316A patent/EP0792321A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1995-11-15 AU AU41804/96A patent/AU4180496A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-16 IL IL11602995A patent/IL116029A0/xx unknown
- 1995-11-17 AR AR33426995A patent/AR000254A1/es unknown
- 1995-11-17 ZA ZA959790A patent/ZA959790B/xx unknown
- 1995-11-17 TR TR95/01439A patent/TR199501439A2/xx unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0338393A2 (fr) * | 1988-04-14 | 1989-10-25 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Composition thermoplastique extrudable par fusion, présentant une migration à la surface |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5792825A (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1998-08-11 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Silicone compounds containing sterically hindered cyclic amine functional groups which are useful for the light and thermal stabilization of polymers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0792321A1 (fr) | 1997-09-03 |
AR000254A1 (es) | 1997-06-18 |
JPH10509758A (ja) | 1998-09-22 |
AU4180496A (en) | 1996-06-17 |
FR2727122B1 (fr) | 1997-01-03 |
TR199501439A2 (tr) | 1996-06-21 |
IL116029A0 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
BR9510398A (pt) | 1997-12-23 |
FR2727122A1 (fr) | 1996-05-24 |
ZA959790B (en) | 1996-05-29 |
CA2207110A1 (fr) | 1996-05-30 |
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