WO1993023549A2 - Acide nucleique correspondant a un gene du chromosome 22 implique dans les translocations chromosomiques recurrentes associees au developpement de tumeurs cancereuses - Google Patents
Acide nucleique correspondant a un gene du chromosome 22 implique dans les translocations chromosomiques recurrentes associees au developpement de tumeurs cancereuses Download PDFInfo
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- WO1993023549A2 WO1993023549A2 PCT/FR1993/000494 FR9300494W WO9323549A2 WO 1993023549 A2 WO1993023549 A2 WO 1993023549A2 FR 9300494 W FR9300494 W FR 9300494W WO 9323549 A2 WO9323549 A2 WO 9323549A2
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/82—Translation products from oncogenes
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
- C12Q1/6886—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid comprising all or part of the nucleic sequence of a gene from chromosome 22 involved in the
- the invention also relates to hybrid nucleic acids corresponding to the fusion products resulting from the chromosomal translocations in which is engaged
- the invention relates more particularly to a nucleic acid comprising all or part of the nucleic sequence of the gene for chromosome 22 involved in recurrent chromosomal translocations
- the invention also relates to mRNAs.
- the invention also relates to the detection of the gene for chromosome 22 involved in
- the invention also relates to the detection, for the same purposes, of the products for which these genes encode as well as the products and reagents for the implementation of these methods.
- Chromosomal recurrent trans locations constitute a mechanism for activating oncogenes and are therefore involved in the appearance of numerous pathogenic tumors (Solomon E, Borrow J, Goddard A D, Science 254, 1153-1160; (1991)).
- the so-called "small round cell" tumors constitute a group of heterogeneous cancers.
- An accurate diagnosis of these tumors is essential to correctly choose the therapeutic protocol to be used to treat them.
- a subset of these tumors carries a chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22) (q24; 12) and is sensitive to the same therapeutic protocol.
- Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common bone tumor in children. Despite the absence of a morphological marker, Ewing's Sarcoma cells occasionally express antigens or can cause the expression of morphological figures characteristic of neural differentiation (Lipins y M, Braham K, Philip I et al, Cancer Res. 47, 183-187 (1987); Cavazzana AO, Miser JS, Jefferson J, Triche TJ, Am. J. Pathol. 127, 507-518 (1987)).
- the techniques for diagnosing tumors with small round cells use conventional methods of pathology and cytology, and therefore constitute an exclusion diagnosis which is not completely reliable.
- Ewing's Sarcoma has been linked to a subtype of Peripheral Primary Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET) called Peripheral Neuroepithelioma (PN).
- PNET Peripheral Primary Neuroectodermal Tumors
- Ewing's sarcoma and Peripheral Neuroepithelioma share a chromosomal translocation t (11; 22) (q24; ql2) very specific and cytogenetically identical (Aurias A, Rimbaut C, Buffe C, Dubousset J, Mazabraud A, N. Engl. J. Med. 309, 496-497 (1983); Turc-Carel C, Philip I, Berger MP, Philip T, Lenoir GM, N. Engl. J. Med. 309, 497-498, (1983); hang Peng J, Triche TJ, Knutsen T, Miser J, Douglass EC, Israel MA, N. Engl. J. Med.
- the gene for chromosome 22 involved in the translocation t (ll; 22), named Ews, has been isolated and its cDNA sequenced; the protein sequence for which it codes has been deduced from the cDNA sequence; the Ews gene comprises a region called EWSR1 of approximately 7 Kb at the level of which the break point of chromosome 22 is located.
- the gene for chromosome 11 involved in the translocation t (ll; 22), called Hum-Fli-1, has been isolated and its cDNA sequence; the protein sequence for which it codes has been deduced from the cDNA sequence; the Hum-Fli-1 gene comprises a region called EWSR2 of approximately 40 Kb at which the break point of chromosome 11 is located.
- the inventors confirmed the strong homology of the Hum-Fli-1 gene with the genes of the Ets family and more particularly with the murine gene Fli-1 (Baud V et al., Genomics vol. 11, 223-224, 1991; Ben-David Y et al., Genes & Development vol. 5, no. 6, 1991).
- the inventors have also shown that in approximately 12% of cases of Ewing's sarcoma, the Ews gene of chromosome 22 fuses with the Erg gene carried by chromosome 21. Which Erg gene is also part of the family of transcription factors Ets .
- Malignant soft tissue melanoma is a serious tumor most often developing in the tendons and aponeuroses in subjects aged 15 to 35 years (Chung EB, Enzinger FM, Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 7, 405- 413, 1983; Epstein L, Martin AO, Kempson R, Cancer Res. 44, 1265-1274, 1984).
- the MMSP presents several common phenotypic figures with malignant skin melanomas, the translocation t (12; 22) (ql3; 12) is specific for this type of tumor (Mitelman F, Catalog of Chromosom Aberrations in Cancer, New York: Alan R. Liss, 1988).
- the invention therefore relates to a nucleic acid comprising all or part of the nucleic sequence of the Ews gene of chromosomes 22, located at the breakpoint of this chromosome in various recurrent chromosomal translocations associated with the development of cancerous tumors.
- the invention also relates to the hybrid DNAs resulting from the fusion of the Ews gene with other genes during recurrent chromosomal translocations involving chromosome 22, consisting essentially of part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene and part of the nucleotide sequence of the gene located at the break point of the other chromosome involved in translocation.
- the invention relates to hybrid DNAs essentially comprising the part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene up to the region of 7 Kb at the level of which the breakpoint of chromosome 22 is located.
- the invention relates more particularly to those resulting from chromosomal translocation following: - t (ll; 22) (q24; ql2), associated with at least 80% of cases of Ewing's sarcoma or related tumors;
- the invention also relates to mRNAs derived from DNA of the chromosome 22 gene and fusion DNAs, as well as cDNAs which may be derived therefrom.
- the subject of the invention is therefore the hybrid DNAs, resulting from the translocation t (11; 22) (q24; ql2), constituted essentially by the fusion of part of the nucleotide sequence of the gene
- the invention relates to hybrid DNAs comprising the part of the nucleotide sequence of the Hum-Fli-1 gene located at the break point of chromosome 11 in said translocation. More specifically, the invention relates to hybrid DNAs comprising the part of the nucleotide sequence of the
- the hybrid DNAs according to the invention corresponding to the fusion products resulting from the recurrent chromosomal translocation t consist essentially of a part of the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA of the Ews gene, and more precisely the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA resulting from the fusion of the Ews and Hum-Fli-1 genes.
- Nucleotide probes or their counterparts capable of hybridizing with all or part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews or Hum-Fli-1 genes or with the cDNA of one of these genes have been prepared. Among these, probes capable of specifically hybridizing with part of the Ews gene or part of the Hum-Fli-1 gene were selected.
- Complementary probes of all or part of the hybrid DNAs corresponding in particular to the part of the Ews and Hum-Fli-1 genes altered by the translocation t (ll; 22), or also with the mRNA or cDNA of the fusion genes , were also obtained with a view to detecting, by hybridization, in the tumor cells of a subject, the possible presence of a translocation t (ll; 22).
- Synthetic oligonucleotides were prepared from the nucleotide sequences of the Ews, Hum-Fli-1 genes and products resulting from the fusion of these two genes, in order to prepare by transcription reverse mRNA from a sample to be analyzed, the cDNA corresponding to the fusion zone.
- the in vitro gene amplification of this cDNA by PCR, using priming oligonucleotides, allows the analysis of the products amplified by simple radioactive or colorimetric methods of the gel electrophoresis type and staining with ethidium bromide, or immunological or fluorographic revelation.
- the invention therefore relates to the nucleotide sequences, or their analogs, constituting genetic probes capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene or the hybrid DNAs resulting from the fusion of the Ews and Humfli-1 genes, or their MRNA and cDNA, as well as oligonucleotides derived from these sequences and constituting primers for the production of reverse transcription of RNA or the implementation of a gene amplification process by PCR.
- the chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22) observed in neurectodermal tumors gives rise to hybrid fusion genes capable of coding for chimeric proteins which have conserved the N-terminal part of the EWS protein coded by the Ews gene and the C part terminal of the HUM-FLI-1 protein encoded by the Hum-Fli-1 gene.
- NTD-EWS N-terminal part of the EWS protein
- the amino acid sequence of the chimeric proteins can be deduced from the fusion cDNAs resulting from the translocation t (ll; 22); several of these proteins have been produced in vitro in particular in order to prepare polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies capable of binding with the cells producing these proteins and, consequently, having the translocation t (ll; 22).
- the invention therefore also relates to the chimeric proteins resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22), as well as the antibodies for the immunological detection of the presence of these proteins and more particularly of a chimeric protein in a biological sample originating from a subject likely to carry a chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22).
- the invention also relates to methods of detecting a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22).
- a method for detecting such a gene comprises the following steps:
- - the treatment of a biological sample coming from tumor cells of a patient likely to present a chromosomal translocation t (II; 22), so as to render the nucleic acids which it contains capable of hybridizing with a probe; - contacting at least one probe according to the specific invention, either of a part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene, or of the nucleotide sequence of a fusion gene corresponding to the translocation t (ll; 22 ), with the biological sample, under conditions allowing the formation of complexes hybridization between the probe (s) and the target DNA or RNA contained in the sample;
- a second embodiment of such a method aims to detect the transcript of a fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (ll; 22); this method consists, starting from the mRNA extracted from a biological sample originating from tumor cells of a patient likely to present a chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22), to effect a reverse transcription using an oligonucleotide adequate synthesis to obtain a corresponding cDNA; then amplifying said cDNA according to an enzymatic amplification process using DNA polymerase and suitable primers, known as PCR, consisting of repeating cycles of DNA denaturation, hybridization of primers and extension from the primers, a number of times sufficient to increase the amount of the starting sequence in an exponential proportion relative to the number of cycles used.
- PCR suitable primers
- the amplification products are analyzed for example by electrophoresis to detect the presence of a product corresponding to one or other of the genes involved in the translocation t (ll; 22) or to a fusion gene. Detection methods for products amplified by adsorption on microplates are also possible.
- the invention also relates to the detection of a chimeric protein encoded by a fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (ll; 22).
- a method comprises the following steps: - the treatment of a biological sample from r a patient whose tumor cells may enter near a trans chromosomal t rent (ll; 22), so as to make the proteins it contains accessible to antibodies;
- DNA or fusion RNA or of a chimeric protein allows the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors in subjects with tumors with small round cells.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method for diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors, consisting of a biological sample from tumor cells of a patient capable of having a t (ll; 22 ), to be treated so as to make the nucleic acids that it contains r capable of hybridizing with a probe, to detect the presence of a translocation t (ll; 22) in the tumor cells.
- Such a method comprises the following steps:
- At least one probe of the invention optionally labeled, specific either for part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene, or for the nucleotide sequence of a fusion gene corresponding to the translocation t ( ll; 22), with the biological sample treated in such a way that the cells it contains are lysed and possibly the nucleic acids contained in said cells are fragmented using restriction enzyme, under conditions allowing the formation of complexes hybridization between the probe (s) and the target DNA or RNA contained in the sample;
- this process can be implemented in tests on a membrane or on a plate or on any other suitable support, according to dot blot or Southern blot methods or even filtration.
- a method of diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors consists of starting from the mRNA extracted from a biological sample originating from tumor cells of a patient capable of having a chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22), performing reverse transcription using a synthetic oligonucleotide suitable for obtaining a corresponding cDNA; then amplifying said cDNA according to an enzymatic amplification process using DNA polymerase and suitable primers, known as PCR, consisting of repeating cycles of DNA denaturation, hybridization of primers and extension from the primers, a number of times sufficient to increase the amount of the starting sequence in an exponential proportion relative to the number of cycles used.
- the amplification products are analyzed for example by electrophoresis to detect the presence of a product corresponding to a fusion gene of the translocation t (ll; 22).
- Product detection methods amplified by adsorption on microplates are also possible.
- a method for diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors consists, starting from a cell sample brought into contact with one or more antibodies of the invention specific for fusion proteins corresponding to the tranlocation t (ll; 22), to detect immun ⁇ logically the presence of at least one protein encoded by one or more fusion genes resulting from the translocation t (ll; 22).
- Such a method comprises the following steps:
- kits for implementing these methods can be prepared.
- kits or kits contain, in the case of a hybridization process, probes according to the invention as well as samples of DNA or control RNA; in the case of a reverse transcription and PCR process, the oligonucleotides suitable for the implementation of each of these techniques, as well as control DNA or RNA samples; in the case of an immunological method, the monoclonal antibodies as well as control samples of known reactivity.
- the invention also relates to the use of the DNA sequences of the invention for preparing antisense nucleotides, or the like, having anti-tumor activity; which by hybridization with all or part of the fusion gene inhibit its transcription and thus prevent the production of mRNA and chimeric proteins, and / or, in another embodiment, hybridizes with the transcribed mRNA and then inhibits the production of chimeric proteins.
- the invention therefore relates to the use of a nucleic acid or an analogue of this nucleic acid capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a hybrid DNA according to the invention for preparing a therapeutic agent inhibiting the expression of a fusion gene resulting from a chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22) (q24; ql2), in tumor cells of patients with Ewing's sarcoma or related tumors.
- the invention therefore also relates to a therapeutic agent for inhibiting the expression of a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22) (q24; ql2) in the tumor cells of patients with Ewing's sarcoma. or related tumors, characterized in that it is essentially constituted by a hybrid DNA according to the invention, or an analog of this DNA, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a fusion gene resulting from chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22) - (q24; ql2).
- the invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid or an analog of this nucleic acid, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a hybrid RNA according to the invention to prepare a therapeutic agent inhibiting the translation of chimeric proteins resulting from a chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22 ) (q24; ql2), in the tumor cells of patients with Ewing's sarcoma or related tumors.
- a nucleic acid or an analog of this nucleic acid capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a hybrid RNA according to the invention to prepare a therapeutic agent inhibiting the translation of chimeric proteins resulting from a chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22 ) (q24; ql2), in the tumor cells of patients with Ewing's sarcoma or related tumors.
- the invention therefore also relates to a therapeutic agent for inhibiting the translation of chimeric proteins resulting from the chromosomal trans location t (ll; 22) (q24; ql2) in the tumor cells of patients with Ewing's sarcoma or of tumors related, characterized in that it essentially consists of a hybrid RNA according to the invention, or an analog of this RNA, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of RNA derived from a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22) (q24; ql2).
- the subject of the invention is also the hybrid DNAs resulting from the translocation t (21; 22) associated with approximately 10% of cases of Ewing's sarcoma or of related tumors, constituted essentially by the fusion of part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene, and of the part of the nucleotide sequence of the Erg gene located at the breakpoint of chromosome 21 in this trans location. More specifically, the invention relates to hybrid DNAs comprising the part of the nucleotide sequence of the Erg gene from the region at which the break point of chromosome 21 is located up to its 3 ′ end.
- the hybrid DNAs according to the invention corresponding to the fusion products resulting from the recurrent chromosomal translocation t (21; 22) consist essentially of a part of the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA of the Ews gene, and more precisely of the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA resulting from the fusion of the Ews and Erg genes.
- Nucleotide probes or their counterparts capable of hybridizing with all or part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews or Erg genes or with the cDNA of one of these genes have been prepared. Among these, probes capable of specifically hybridizing with part of the Ews gene or part of the Erg gene were selected. Complementary probes of all or part of the hybrid DNAs, corresponding in particular to the part of the Ews and Erg genes altered by the translocation t (21; 22), or also with the mRNA or cDNA of the fusion genes, have also been obtained in order to detect by hybridization, in the tumor cells of a subject, the possible presence of a translocation t (21; 22).
- Synthetic oligonucleotides were prepared from the nucleotide sequences of the Ews, Erg genes and products resulting from the fusion of these two genes, in order to prepare, by reverse transcription of mRNA from a sample to be analyzed, the corresponding cDNA to the fusion zone.
- the in vitro gene amplification of this cDNA by PCR, using priming oligonucleotides, allows the analysis of the products amplified by simple radioactive or colorimetric methods of the gel electrophoresis type and staining with ethidium bromide, or immunological or fluorographic revelation.
- the invention therefore relates to nucleotide sequences, or their analogs, constituting genetic probes capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene or the hybrid DNAs resulting from the fusion of the Ews and Erg genes, or their mRNAs and cDNAs, as well as oligonucleotides derived from these sequences and constituting primers for the performing reverse RNA transcription or implementing a gene amplification process by PCR.
- the chromosomal translocation t (21; 22) observed in neurectodermal tumors gives rise to hybrid fusion genes capable of coding for chimeric proteins which have conserved the N-terminal part of the EWS protein coded by the Ews gene and the C part terminal of the ERG protein encoded by the Erg gene.
- the chimeric proteins resulting from the translocation t conserves the NTD-EWS domain, which is in phase with the binding domain of the ERG protein DNA.
- the amino acid sequence of the chimeric proteins can be deduced from the fusion cDNAs resulting from the translocation t (21; 22); some of these proteins have been produced in vitro in particular in order to prepare polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies capable of binding with the cells producing these proteins and, consequently, having the translocation t (21; 22).
- the invention therefore also relates to the chimeric proteins resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (21; 22), as well as the antibodies for the immunological detection of the presence of these proteins and more particularly of a chimeric protein in a biological sample originating from a subject likely to carry a chromosomal translocation t (21; 22).
- the invention also relates to methods of detecting a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (21; 22).
- a method for detecting such a gene comprises the following steps:
- This process can be implemented in tests on a membrane or on a plate or on any other suitable support, according to dot blot or Southern blot or filtration methods.
- a second embodiment of such a method aims to detect the transcript of a fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (21; 22); this method consists, starting from the mRNA extracted from a biological sample originating from tumor cells of a patient likely to present a chromosomal translocation t (21; 22), to effect a reverse transcription using an oligonucleotide adequate synthesis to obtain a corresponding cDNA; then to amplifying said cDNA according to an enzymatic amplification process using DNA polymerase and suitable primers, known as PCR, consisting in repeating cycles of DNA denaturation, hybridization of primers and extension from primers, a number of times sufficient to increase the amount of the starting sequence in an exponential proportion relative to the number of cycles used.
- PCR DNA polymerase and suitable primers
- the amplification products are analyzed for example by electrophoresis to detect the presence of a product corresponding to one or other of the genes involved in the translocation t (21; 22) or to a fusion gene. Detection methods for products amplified by adsorption on microplates are also possible.
- the invention also relates to the detection of a chimeric protein encoded by a fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (21; 22). Such a method comprises the following steps:
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method for diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors, consisting in using a biological sample from tumor cells of a patient capable of exhibiting a chromosomal translocation t (21; 22 ), to be treated so as to render the nucleic acids which it contains capable of hybridizing with a probe, to detect the presence of a translocation t (21; 22) in the tumor cells.
- Such a method comprises the following stages: contacting at least one probe of the invention, optionally labeled, specific either for part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene, or for the nucleotide sequence of a gene resulting from the translocation t (21; 22), with the biological sample treated so that the cells it contains are lysed and possibly the nucleic acids contained in said cells are fragmented using restriction enzyme, under conditions allowing the formation of hybridization complexes between the probe (s) and the target DNA or RNA contained in the sample; the detection by any appropriate means of the hybrids possibly formed, in order to detect the presence of a product corresponding to the fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (21; 22).
- a method of diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors consists of starting from the mRNA extracted from a biological sample originating from tumor cells of a patient capable of having a chromosomal translocation t (21; 22), performing reverse transcription using a synthetic oligonucleotide suitable for obtaining a corresponding cDNA; then amplifying said cDNA according to an enzymatic amplification process using DNA polymerase and suitable primers, known as PCR, consisting of repeating cycles of DNA denaturation, hybridization of primers and extension from the primers, a number of times sufficient to increase the amount of the starting sequence in an exponential proportion relative to the number of cycles used.
- the amplification products are analyzed for example by electrophoresis to detect the presence of a product corresponding to a fusion gene of the trans location t (21; 22). Detection methods for products amplified by adsorption on microplates are also possible.
- a method for diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors consists in detecting from a cellular sample brought into contact with one or more antibodies of the invention specific for fusion proteins immunologically the presence of at least one protein encoded by one or more fusion genes resulting from the translocation t (21; 22).
- Such a method comprises the following steps:
- translocation t (21; 22) being associated with approximately 10% of cases of Ewing's sarcoma and the translocation t (II; 22) being associated with at least 80% of cases of Ewing's sarcoma, it is advantageous, to make a diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma to implement
- kits or kits contain, in the case of a hybridization process, probes according to the invention as well as samples of DNA or control RNA; in the case of a reverse transcription and PCR process, the
- the invention also relates to the use of the DNA sequences of the invention for preparing antisense nucleotides, or the like, having anti-tumor activity; which by hybridization with all or part of the fusion gene inhibits its transcription and thus prevents the production of mRNA and of chimeric proteins, and / or, in another embodiment, hybridizes with the transcribed mRNA and then inhibits the production of chimeric proteins.
- the invention therefore relates to the use of a nucleic acid or an analogue of this nucleic acid capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a hybrid DNA corresponding to the translocation t (21; 22) according to the invention for preparing a therapeutic agent inhibiting the expression of a fusion gene resulting from said translocation, in the tumor cells of patients suffering from Ewing's sarcoma or related tumors.
- a subject of the invention is therefore also a therapeutic agent for inhibiting the expression of a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (21; 22) in the tumor cells of patients suffering from Ewing's sarcoma or related tumors, characterized in that it essentially consists of a hybrid DNA according to the invention corresponding to said translocation, or an analog of this DNA, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (21; 22).
- the invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid or an analogue of this nucleic acid, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a hybrid RNA according to the invention corresponding to the translocation t (21; 22) to prepare an agent therapeutic inhibiting the translation of chimeric proteins resulting from such chromosomal translocation, in the tumor cells of patients suffering from Ewing's Sarcoma or related tumors.
- a subject of the invention is therefore also a therapeutic agent for inhibiting the translation of chimeric proteins resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (21; 22) in the tumor cells of patients with Ewing's sarcoma or related tumors, characterized in that '' It essentially consists of a hybrid RNA according to the invention corresponding to the translocation t (21; 22), or an analogue of this RNA, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of the RNA derived from a gene for fusion resulting from this chromosomal translocation.
- the translocation t (21; 22) being associated with approximately 10% of cases of Ewing's sarcoma and the translocation t (ll; 22) being associated with at least 80% of cases of Ewing's sarcoma
- the invention relates, advantageously, a therapeutic agent essentially consisting either of therapeutic agents inhibiting the expression of the fusion genes resulting from these two chromosomal translocations, or therapeutic agents inhibiting the translation of the fusion genes resulting from these two chromosomal translocations.
- the subject of the invention is finally hybrid DNAs, resulting from the trans locat ion t (12; 22) (ql3; ql2), constituted essentially by the fusion of part of the nucleotide sequence of the gene
- the invention relates to hybrid DNAs comprising the part of the nucleotide sequence of the Atf-1 gene from the region at which the breakpoint of chromosome 12 is located in this translocation to its 3 'end.
- the inventors have studied in detail the mechanisms giving rise to the various fusion genes of the translocation t (ll; 22).
- the hybrid DNAs according to the invention corresponding to the fusion products resulting from the recurrent chromosomal translocation t (12; 22), consist essentially of a part of the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA of the Ews gene, and more precisely the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA resulting from the fusion of the Ews and Atf-1 genes.
- Nucleotide probes or their counterparts capable of hybridizing with all or part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews or Hum-Fli-1 genes or with the cDNA of one of these genes have been prepared. Among these, probes capable of specifically hybridizing with part of the Ews gene or part of the Hum-Fli-1 gene were selected.
- Complementary probes of all or part of the hybrid DNAs corresponding in particular to the part of the Ews and Atf-1 genes altered by the translocation t (12; 22), or also with the mRNA or cDNA of the fusion genes, have also obtained in order to detect by hybridization, in the tumor cells of a subject, the possible presence of a translocation t (12; 22).
- Synthetic oligonucleotides were prepared from the nucleotide sequences of the Ews, Atf-1 genes and products resulting from the fusion of these two genes, in order to prepare by reverse transcription of mRNA from a sample to be analyzed, the CDNA corresponding to the fusion zone.
- the in vitro gene amplification of this cDNA by PCR, using priming oligonucleotides, allows the analysis of products amplified by simple radioactive or colorimetric methods such as gel electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide, or immunological or fluorographic revealing.
- the invention therefore relates to the nucleotide sequences, or their analogs, constituting genetic probes capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene or the hybrid DNAs resulting from the fusion of the Ews and Atf-1 genes, or their mRNAs and CDNA, as well as oligonucleotides derived from these sequences and constituting primers for carrying out reverse transcription of RNA or implementing a gene amplification process by PCR.
- MMSP malignant melanoma of the soft parts
- the amino acid sequence of the chimeric proteins can be deduced from the fusion cDNAs resulting from the translocation t (12; 22); one of these proteins was produced in vitro in particular in order to prepare polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies capable of binding with the cells producing this protein and, consequently, having the translocation t (12; 22).
- the invention therefore also relates to the chimeric proteins resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (12; 22), as well as the antibodies for the immunological detection of the presence of these proteins and more particularly of a chimeric protein in a biological sample originating from a subject likely to carry a chromosomal translocation t (12; 22).
- the invention also relates to methods of detecting a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (12; 22).
- a method for detecting such a gene comprises the following steps:
- a probe according to the specific invention either of a part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene, or of the nucleotide sequence of a fusion gene corresponding to the translocation t (12; 22), or a mixture of these probes, with the biological sample, under conditions allowing the formation of hybridization complexes between the probe (s) and the target DNA or RNA contained in the sample ;
- This process can be implemented in tests on a membrane or on a plate or on any other suitable support, according to dot blot or Southern blot or filtration methods.
- a second embodiment of such a method aims to detect the transcript of a fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (12; 22); this method consists, starting from the mRNA extracted from a biological sample originating from tumor cells of a patient likely to present a chromosomal translocation t (12; 22), to effect a reverse transcription using an oligonucleotide of synthesis adequate to obtain a corresponding cDNA; then amplifying said cDNA according to an enzymatic amplification process using DNA polymerase and suitable primers, known as PCR, consisting of repeating cycles of DNA denaturation, hybridization of primers and extension from the primers, a number of times sufficient to increase the amount of the starting sequence in an exponential proportion relative to the number of cycles used.
- PCR DNA polymerase and suitable primers
- the amplification products are analyzed for example by electrophoresis to detect the presence of a product corresponding to one or other of the genes involved in the translocation t (12; 22) or to a fusion gene. Detection methods for products amplified by adsorption on microplates are also possible.
- the invention also relates to the detection of a chimeric protein encoded by a fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (12; 22).
- a method comprises the following stages: - the treatment of a biological sample originating from a patient whose tumor cells are capable of exhibiting a chromosomal translocation t (12; 22), so as to make the proteins which it contains accessible antibodies; - bringing the biological sample into contact with at least one antibody specific for the chimeric protein according to the invention corresponding to the translocation t (12,22), under conditions allowing the formation of immunological complexes between the (or) antibodies and proteins present in the sample cells;
- the detection by any appropriate means of any immunological complexes formed Specifically, the detection of fusion DNA or RNA or of a chimeric protein allows the diagnosis of MMSP.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method for diagnosing MMSP, consisting of starting from a biological sample originating from tumor cells of a patient capable of having a chromosomal translocation t (12; 22), to be treated so as to make the nucleic acids it contains capable of hybridizing with a probe, detecting the presence of a translocation t (12; 22) in tumor cells.
- Such a method comprises the following steps:
- At least one probe of the invention optionally labeled, specific either for part of the nucleotide sequence of the Ews gene, or for the nucleotide sequence of a fusion gene corresponding to the translocation t ( 12; 22), with the biological sample treated so that the cells which it contains are lysed and optionally so that the nucleic acids contained in said cells are fragmented using restriction enzyme, in conditions allowing the formation of hybridization complexes between the probe (s) and the target DNA or RNA contained in the sample; - the detection by any appropriate means of the hybrids possibly formed, to detect the presence of a product corresponding to the fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (12; 22).
- this process can be implemented in tests on a membrane or on a plate or on any other suitable support, according to dot blot or Southern blot methods or even filtration.
- a method of diagnosing MMSP consists, from the mRNA extracted from a biological sample originating from tumor cells of a patient capable of having a t (12; 22) chromosomal translocation, performing reverse transcription using an adequate synthetic oligonucleotide to obtain a corresponding cDNA; then amplifying said cDNA according to an enzymatic amplification process using DNA polymerase and suitable primers, known as PCR, consisting of repeating cycles of DNA denaturation, hybridization of primers and extension from the primers, a number of times sufficient to increase the amount of the starting sequence in an exponential proportion relative to the number of cycles used.
- PCR suitable primers
- the amplification products are analyzed for example by electrophoresis to detect the presence of a product corresponding to a fusion gene of the translocation t (ll; 22). Detection methods for products amplified by adsorption on microplates are also possible.
- a method for diagnosing MMSP consists, from a cell sample contacted with one or more antibodies of the invention specific for fusion proteins, to immunologically detect the presence of a protein encoded by a fusion gene resulting from the translocation t (12; 22).
- Such a method comprises the following steps:
- kits for implementing these methods can be prepared.
- These kits or kits contain, in the case of a hybridization process, probes according to the invention as well as samples of DNA or control RNA; in the case of a reverse transcription and PCR method, the oligonucleotides suitable for the implementation of each of these techniques, as well as control DNA or RNA samples; in the case of an immunological method, the monoclonal antibodies as well as control samples of known reactivity.
- the invention also relates to the use of the DNA sequences of the invention corresponding to a translocation t (12; 22), for preparing antisense nucleotides, or the like, having anti-tumor activity; which by hybridization with all or part of the fusion gene inhibit its transcription and thus prevent the production of mRNA and chimeric proteins, and / or, in another embodiment, hybridizes with the transcribed mRNA and then inhibits the production of chimeric proteins.
- the invention therefore relates to the use of a nucleic acid or an analogue of this nucleic acid capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a hybrid DNA according to the invention corresponding to a translocation t (12 ; 22), to prepare an inhibiting therapeutic agent expression of a fusion gene resulting from a chromosomal translocation t (12; 22) (ql3; ql2), in the tumor cells of patients suffering from MMSP.
- a subject of the invention is therefore also a therapeutic agent for inhibiting the expression of a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (12; 22) (ql3; ql2) in the tumor cells of patients suffering from MMSP, characterized in which is essentially constituted by a hybrid DNA according to the invention corresponding to the translocation t (12; 22), or an analog of this DNA, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (12; 22) (ql3; ql2).
- the invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid or of an analogue of this nucleic acid, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of a hybrid RNA according to the invention corresponding to a t (12; 22) translocation, to prepare a therapeutic agent inhibiting the translation of chimeric proteins resulting from a t (12; 22) (ql3; ql2) chromosomal translocation, in tumor cells of patients with MMSP.
- the invention therefore also relates to a therapeutic agent for inhibiting the translation of chimeric proteins resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (12; 22) (ql3; ql2) in the tumor cells of patients suffering from MMSP, characterized in that it essentially consists of a hybrid RNA according to the invention corresponding to a translocation t (12; 22), or an analog of this RNA, capable of hybridizing with the nucleotide sequence of the RNA derived from a resulting fusion gene chromosomal translocation t (12; 22) (ql3; ql2).
- the invention also relates to the nucleic acid corresponding to the Ews gene, as well as the mRNA which results therefrom and the cDNA which derives therefrom, as well as the protein for which it codes.
- the preparation of probes and primers constitute tools allowing the detection of the normal Ews gene; this detection of the normal Ews gene can be advantageously combined with the methods for detecting fusion genes resulting from the various translocations in which this gene is involved, in order to serve as a positive control.
- the DNAs of the invention can be introduced into expression vectors derived from plasmids or from viruses, with the aim, in particular, of producing the proteins corresponding to these DNA sequences, in order to prepare antibodies specific for these proteins, or in order to have pharmacological study models.
- the third locus identified thanks to the cosmids overlapping Cos5 and Cos6 (Zucman J, Delattre O, Desmaze C et al, Genomics, in press), was located between loci VIIIF2 and LIF .
- the Cos5 / Cos6 locus was gradually extended by recurrent isolation of overlapping clones using a library of cosmids specific to chromosome 22.
- B6 and G9 overlap the breakpoint of chromosome 22 on derivative 11 of the translocation t (ll; 22), of A3EW2-3B and Alu6, two hybrid cells derived respectively from ES and PN tumors and containing the der (11) (Geurts van Kessel AHM, Turc-Carel C, Klein A de et al, Mol. Cel. Biol. 5, 427-429 (1985); Zhang F, Delattre O, Rouleau G et al, Genomics 6, 174-177 (1990)).
- the FISH technique on metaphasic chromosomes of a PN cell line used with one of these two cosmids confirms that the breakpoint has been crossed because a fluorescent signal is then observed on derivative 22 of the translocation.
- DNA fragments, in single copies in the human genome, close to the breakpoint of chromosome 22 were selected to analyze the DNA of a group of 20 ES and PN tumors. In all cases, a breakpoint is observed in the same region of approximately 7 Kb, which has been designated EWSR1 for Region 1 of Ewing's sarcoma.
- a cosmid library made from the ICB104 cell line derived from a PN tumor was screened with probes from EWSR1.
- Three groups of overlapping cosmids were isolated, one corresponding to the normal chromosome 22 and the other two to each of the two translocation derivatives. Subsequently, fragments not originating from chromosome 22 but originating from these cosmids were used to identify a clone, from which it was demonstrated by the FISH technique that it derived from the q2 region of chromosome 11.
- the comparison of Restriction maps of the intact and rearranged regions of chromosomes 11 and 22 indicate, at the level of resolution authorized by the study, that the translocation is simple and reciprocal.
- the locus of chromosome 11 has been extended to 100 Kb by recurrent isolation of overlapping cosmids. Screening of the same group of 20 tumors with probes from this region made it possible to identify 17 breakpoints on chromosome 11. They are distributed, without obvious aggregation, over a region of more than 40 Kb called EWSR2. Interestingly, the two tumors with a variant translocation and both having a cytogenetically intact chromosome 11 are altered in the EWSR2 region; which highlights a sub-microscopic rearrangement in these tumors.
- the EWSR1 region is flanked by three groups of sites for a rare restriction site endonuclease. It appears in human cells that these sites are at least partially unmethylated, which suggests that they are part of HTF islets (Lindsay S, Bird A P, Nature 327, 336-338, (1987)).
- the EWSR1 region is included in a phylogenetically conserved region. Fragments were selected to screen northern blots prepared from RNA extracted from 7 PNET tumors with a t translocation (ll; 22), 3 non-karyotyped ES tumors and several normal tissues (lung, heart, liver, pancreas, placenta , kidney, skeletal muscle) and 4 control tumors or cell lines (neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, colon adenocarcinoma, HeLa).
- Probes named 22RR3 and 22RR12 were used to screen a human cDNA library, and the overlapping clones hy ridant with the two probes were characterized.
- the largest clone contains 1968 bp, the open reading phase of which comprises a first ATG codon occurring in the context of a Kozak consensus sequence, it codes for a protein of 656 amino acids called EWS.
- a search in databases revealed that the sequence of the first 285 amino acids has a homology with proteins such as glutene, gliadin, chorionic protein S36, annexin VII, the ordins Bl and C. However, the greatest homologies were observed with the C-terminal domain of the large Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II subunit (CTD-polII).
- These different molecules contain a domain comprising the repetition of a peptide of seven amino acid residues including tyrosine and a rate important proline and serine. This domain can adopt a specific secondary structure called pro- ⁇
- the C-terminal portion of the EWS protein contains three regions (300-340, 454-513, 559-640) rich in glycine (46%), arginine (19%) and proline (13%) which has homologies with the proteins rich in glycines such as collagen, keratin and proteins binding single stranded nucleic acids.
- a sequence of 85 amino acids arranged between the first and the second region is homologous to a sequence found in several RNA-binding proteins.
- This domain contains the RNP-1 and RNP-2 consensus sequences (Bandziulis RJ, Swanson MS, Dreyfuss G, Genes Dev. 3, 431-437 (1989)) and has been shown as the RNA recognition motif for 70 Kd snRNP Ul protein (Query CC, Bentley RC, Keene JD, Cell 57, 89-101 (1989)). In this region, other marks of similar homologies have been found with several RNA-binding proteins and functionally characterized.
- the probe named 11RR1 was used to find 11 overlapping clones from a human marrow cDNA library.
- amino acid identity reaches 97% (Ben-David Y, Giddens E B, Letwin K, Bernstein A, Genes Dev. 5, 908-
- Hybridization of the 5 ′ ends of the two cDNAs on the contigs of chromosomes 11 and 22 has shown that the two genes are transcribed in the direction of the center towards the telomer.
- the fusion transcript seen in northern blots is initialized on chromosome 22 and terminated on chromosome 11.
- genomic fragments designated 22HP.5 and 11RR1 which hybridize respectively with the cDNAs coding for the proteins EWS and Hum-Fli-1 were sequenced and revealed in each case the presence of an exon. Oligonucleotides homologous to these exons were used to perform reverse transcription and amplified by PCR the RNAs from different sources.
- RNA from breast tissue Unlike RNA from breast tissue, neuroblastoma (IMR32), pheochromocytoma, lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, all RNA from 7 PNET tumors with a t translocation (ll; 22) and those from 3 non-karyotyped ES tumors allow the amplification of a specific product. Depending on the tumor, three different sizes of amplification products were first observed. Their sequences reveal three types of fusion transcripts.
- the first type contains exonic sequences present in the 22HP.5 and 11RR1 fragments and a 174 bp sequence derived from the most centromeric adjacent exon of the Hum-Fli-1 gene.
- the second and third types differ from the first because of the presence at the junction site of additional sequences originating respectively from the coding region of the Ews and Hum-Fli-1 genes.
- the fusion is in phase, and the resulting chimeric proteins differ from the EWS protein by the substitution of the RNA binding domain, by the DNA binding domain of the HUM-FLI-1 protein. homologous to the ETS protein domain.
- a similar study carried out on approximately 40 ES and PN tumors has made it possible to highlight other types of fusion genes resulting from the chromosomal translocation t (ll; 22).
- the EWS protein shares, through its total sequence, homologies with proteins known to interact with single-stranded nucleic acids and more particularly with RNA.
- the C-terminal region contains an RNA recognition motif which is also encountered in a group of participating proteins. to the post-transcriptional process of RNA (Frankel AD, Mattaj IW, Rio DC, Cell 67, 1041-1046 (1991)). In addition, in the Ews protein this motif is flanked by amino acid sequences rich in glycine. Such sequences, observed in several RNA binding proteins, also interact with RNA (Kumar A, Casas-Finet JR, Luneau Cj et al, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 17094-17100 (1990); Munroe SH, Dong X, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 895-899 (1992)).
- the N-terminal region of the EWS protein exhibits homology to the CTD-polII region. It has been suggested that this domain interacts with transcription factors at the initiation complex (Corden JL, TIBS 15, 383-387 (1990)). These homologies of the EWS protein suggest that it has two different functional domains which together participate in the mechanism of genetic expression.
- the Ets family of genes is involved through various mechanisms in erythroleukaemias induced in mice and hens by retroviruses.
- the first member of this family was discovered to be a co-transduced genetic element giving rise to hybrid proteins containing the sequences MYB and ETS-1 (Watson DK, Ascione R, Papas T s, Crit. Rev. Oncogenesis 1, 409 -436 (1990)).
- Spi-1 (PU1) and Fli-1 are activated by the retroviral integration of different strains of the Friend's leukemia virus (Ben-David Y, Bernstein A, Cell 66, 831 -834 (1991)).
- ETS domain Kerman A, Wasylyk C, Trends Genêt. 7, 49-54 (1991); Lim F, Kraut N, Frampton J, Graf T, EMBO J. 11, 643-652 (1992); Hipskind RA, Rao VN, Mueller CGF et al, Nature 354, 531-534, (1991)).
- the proteins ETS-1 and ETS-2 contain a region which promotes transcription when this is linked to the DNA binding domain of LexA (Wasylyk B, Gutman A, Flores P , Bègue A, Leprince D, Stehelin D, Nature 346, 191-193 (1990)) or Gal4 (Seneca S, Punyammalee B, Bailly M et al, Oncogene 6, 357-360 (1991)).
- the retroviral insertion site activating the murine Fli-1 gene has been shown to be located near the Ets-1 gene on mouse chromosome 9.
- the insertion site is phylogenetically conserved and is homologous to a region of human chromosome 11 close to the Ets-1 gene (Baud V, Lipinski M, Rassart E, Poliquin L, Bergeron D, Genomics 11, 223-224 (1991)) .
- Hum-Fli-1 represents the cDNA of the human gene homologous to the murine Fli-1 gene.
- the translocation described in the description of the invention clearly results from the fusion of two genes which belong to families hitherto not involved in human carcinogenesis: the ETS family of proteins which bind to DNA and the family of proteins. binding to RNA. Because the translocation is reciprocal without apparent loss of genetic material, on each of the two derived chromosomes, the 5 'end of the gene is juxtaposed at the 3' end of the other gene.
- the chimeric gene generated on der (11) is not expressed at a level sufficient to be measured in northern blots and does not seem to be involved in the tumor phenotype since der (11) can occasionally be lost in ES tumors ( Turc- Carel C, Philip I, Berger MP, Philip T, Lenoir GM, Cancer Genêt. Cytogenet. 12, 1-19 (1984); Douglass EC, Valentine M, Green AA, Hayes FA, Thompson E i, JNCI 77, 1211-1213 (1986)).
- the transcribed hybrid generated by der (22) is visible in northern blots although its intracellular level seems to decrease in comparison with the normal transcript of the Ews gene coded by chromosome 22.
- the translocation replaces the DNA binding domain, HUM-FLI-1, with an RNA binding domain and links it by the same polypeptide chain to a domain which has homology with CTD-polII .
- the chimeric protein can functionally interfere with the negative regulatory elements controlling transcription.
- a possible example of such an alteration could be the MIC2 antigen, which is specifically overexpressed in PNET tumors exhibiting a t (ll; 22) translocation (Ambros IM, Ambros PF, Strehl S et al, Cancer 67, 1886-1893 (1991); Garin-Chesa P, Fellinger EJ, Huvos AG et al, Am. J. Pathol. 139, 275-286 (1991)).
- Ets-type gene The involvement in a solid tumor of an Ets-type gene indicates that the role of the ETS family of proteins in the cancerization process is not limited to hematological cancers.
- erythroleukemia in which this family is involved, a highly transformed phenotype is associated with other alterations, intervening either by cotransduction of the Myb sequences, or by a alteration of the TP53 gene (Ben-David Y, Bernstein A, Cell
- the first is based on the fact that the small size of the EWSRl region allows simple detection of genomic rearrangements by the Southern technique;
- the second is based on reverse transcription and gene amplification by PCR and provides a sensitive method for showing the presence of fusion transcripts in tumors and in their potential metastatic sites.
- FIGURE 1 A first figure.
- Figure 1 shows the map of the EWSR1 region on chromosome 22.
- A3EW2-3B and ALU 6 two hybrid somatic cells which contain the der (11) of ES tumors and
- CpGl contains 3 SacII sites, 3 BssHII sites and 1 MluI site
- CpG2A contains 3 SacII sites, 3 BssHII sites
- CpG2B contains 3 BssH2 sites, 3 SacII sites and 1 Notl site.
- the preincubated probe was then used to screen the library according to standard procedures and the overlapping cosmids were identified. b) The tumor samples were collected immediately after surgery.
- a fragment was used for the karyotype analysis: - T2 to T11 tumors have a typical t (11; 22) (q2; ql2) translocation;
- the T12 tumor has a complex translocation t (10; 11; 22; 12) (q22; q24; ql2; q24);
- the T13 tumor has a variant translocation t (14; 22) (q32; ql2);
- - T14 tumor has a variant of translocation t (7; 22) (q35; ql2);
- tumor has a complex translocation t (ll; ll; 22) (ql3; q24; ql2). Analysis of tumor carayotypes 16 to
- Bi-color FISH analysis on interphasic nuclei of T17 and T19 tumors shows the appearance of a breakpoint in the 22ql2 band (Desmaze C, Zucman J, Delattre O, Thomas G, Aurias A, Genes Chr. Cancer , in press) .
- the Tl tumor corresponds to the hybrid cell line A3EW2.
- the Alu6 hybrid cell line is derived from the T8 tumor.
- T7 to T13 tumors are PN tumors; all other tumors were diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma.
- the DNA of the blood samples (N) and tumor samples (T) was digested with the enzyme PstI and analyzed according to the Southern method with the 5.5-sac probe.
- This figure represents the detection of rearranged bands in tumors; more particularly, the detection of abnormal genomic fragments in 6 tumors.
- the tumor number is listed at the top of the bands.
- DNA samples from the blood of patients with T16 and T18 tumors are indicated by (N).
- the fragment corresponding to the rearranged junction is indicated by a horizontal arrow.
- FIG. 3 represents the restriction map of the regions involved in the chromosomal translocation t (11; 22) (q24; ql2); the normal regions (22N) and (UN) and the two derivatives 11 and 22 of the translocation t (1; 22), der (11) and der (22) are represented for the tumor T11.
- the double line represents chromosome 11
- the thick line represents chromosome 22.
- EWSRl and EWSR2 represents the smallest region which contains all the breakpoints identified on chromosome 22 and chromosome 11, respectively.
- the vertical arrows indicate the position of the EcoRl rearranged fragments identified in 17 tumors.
- An Xhol linker was inserted at the BamHI site of a SuperCos vector marketed by the Stratagene Company.
- the 3 'end of DNA partially digested by Mbol of an ICB 104 cell line derived from the Tll tumor (Zhang F, Delattre O, Rouleau G et al, Genomics 6, 174-177 (1990)), was partially filled with dGTP and dATP.
- the high molecular weight fragments were gel purified and linked to the Xhol site of the modified SuperCos vector and partially filled with dTTP and dCTP.
- the virions were used to infect the strain of E. coli DH5 alpha MCR.
- the library obtained from 4.10 5 independent cosmids was screened with probes 22RR3 and 22RR12. Groups of overlapping clones containing either an unaltered EWSR1 region (22N) or the junction fragment of the translocation derivative 22, der (22), or of the translocation derivative 11, der (11), have been identified.
- the 11RR1 probe made it possible to find a cosmid, which by fluorescent hybridization in situ on chromosome is shown to come from the band llq24. This cosmid was used to extend the locus on normal chromosome 11.
- This figure shows the detection in Northern blots of abnormal transcripts in Ewing's sarcoma or cell lines.
- N represents the normal transcript of the Ews gene
- R represents the fusion transcripts.
- the sizes of the abnormal transcripts are significantly different.
- the same abnormal transcripts are detected with both the 22RR3 probe and the 11RR1 probe, which indicates that the translocation gives rise to the synthesis of a chimeric transcript.
- This figure represents the detection by reverse transcription and PCR of three types of chimeric transcripts.
- M is a size marker.
- Breast corresponds to a breast tissue;
- OVARY corresponds to an ovarian carcinoma;
- IMR32 corresponds to a cell line of neuroblastomas.
- the abbreviations designating the patients are identical to those in FIG. 1.
- Results This figure represents the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA containing the entire coding region and the 3 'non-transcribed end of the Ews gene; As well as the amino acid sequence deduced from this cDNA codon by codon. These sequences are numbered on the left.
- the first methionine codon is located with a purine (A) at position -3 and a guanosine (G) at position +4 in agreement with the Kozak consensus sequence.
- Method Probes 22RR3 and 22RR12 were used to screen a human fetal brain cDNA library
- the 2372 bp and 2939 bp cDNA sequences of the clones BF1AC5 and BM025 were determined on the strands of the overlapping subclones, using either the M13 primer or commercial primers. They have been shown to contain the entire coding sequence of the Ews and Hum-Fli-1 genes.
- the direct sequencing of the PCR amplification products was carried out with a Sequenase marketed by the Company USB after 30 cycles of asymmetric amplification with either primer 11.3 or primer 22.3, then purification through a Centricon 100 membrane marketed by the Amicon Company.
- This figure represents the cDNA of the Hum-Fli-1 gene.
- FIG. 8 represents the nucleotide sequence of the fusion cDNA -obtained by reverse transcription and PCR amplification of the type 1 fusion transcript.
- the sequence homologous (at the 5 'end) or complementary (at the 3' end) to the primers used for the PCR amplification are underlined.
- the vertical line indicates the junction between the two genes which occur between the first and second position of codon 265 of the Ews gene and between the same positions of codon 219 of the Hum-Fli-1 gene.
- This figure represents the different domains of the EWS protein encoded by the Ews gene.
- the different peptide domains are represented.
- the hatched region represents the first 270 amino acids containing a high proportion of tyrosine, glutamine, serine, threonine, glycine, alanine and proline, which together represent about 90% of all residues.
- most tyrosines are present every 5 to 9 residues and define a degenerate motif repeated 31 times. After tyrosine, the most recurrent residues in the repetition are a serine in position -1 (50%), a glycine in position +1 (50%), and two glutamines in positions +2 and +3 (respectively 70% and 40 %).
- This part of the molecule has homology with CTD-polII.
- the three shaded areas correspond to regions rich in glycine, arginine and proline.
- RNA BD represents a supposed RNA binding domain, which is exposed in B.
- the arrows indicate the position of the Hum-Fli-1 junction point for the three different types of chimeric proteins as deduced by reverse transcription and PCR amplification described above.
- Dpen pi9 for the Drosophila pen pi9 clone Haynes SR, Rebbert ML, Mozert BA, Forquignon F, Dawid IB, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 1819-1823 (1987)
- H nucl for human nucleolin Srivastava M, McBride 0 W, Flemming PJ, Pollard HB, Burns AL, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 14922-14931 (1990)
- HsnRNP Ul for 70 Kd human snRNP Ul Spritz RA
- # 2 relate to different domains of RNA binding to within the same protein.
- the invariable positions among these proteins are shaded and the minimum substitutions between EWS and at least 4 of the 6 proteins are indicated in bold.
- EWS Ews gene
- Hum-Fli-1 Hum-Fli-1
- EWS / Hum-Fli-1 type 1, 2 and 3 Ews gene
- RNA BD the C terminal portion of EWS containing the domain supposed RNA binding
- ETS D the C-terminal part of the Hum-Fli-1 gene containing the ETS domain
- FIG. 11 represents the restriction map of the Ews and Hum-Fli-1 genes at the level of their EWSR1 and EWSR2 break region. The position of the exons is indicated relative to the restriction sites.
- the open reading frames are divided by the different exons; each intron between two coding exons interrupts the open reading frame according to one of the three phases: A, B or C.
- FIG. 12 represents the exonic structure of the Ews gene.
- FIG. 13 represents the exonic structure of the Hum-Fli-1 gene.
- FIG. 14 represents the juxtapositions of exons of the Ews and Hum-Fli-1 genes and the junction sequences of the resulting fusion transcripts.
- FIG. 15 represents, according to a nomenclature identical to that of FIG. 14, an observed case of juxtaposition concerning exon 8 of Ews and exon 7 of .Hum-Fli-1, between which a sequence d unknown origin (Alien sequence).
- FIG. 16 represents, according to a nomenclature identical to that of FIGS. 14 and 15, four cases in which two different fusion transcripts have been observed juxtaposing a series of exons of Ews with a series of exons of Hum-Fli-1 ; this is probably the result of alternative splices.
- the (*) indicates in the sequence of the translation product a stop codon.
- FIG. 18 represents, according to a nomenclature identical to that of FIGS. 14, 15 and 16, the junction sequences of four fusion transcripts corresponding to 5 observed cases, juxtaposing exon 7 of the Ews gene with the supposed exons 6, 8 and 9 of the Erg gene, and exon 10 of Ews with the supposed exon 6 of Erg.
- Figures 19 and 20 show the rearrangement of the Ews gene in the SU-CCS-1 cell line of MMSP.
- FIG. 19 represents the restriction map of the EWSR1 region and indicates the position of the probes used and the positions deduced from the breakpoint of chromosome 22 in the Sten-1 tumor and in the SU-CCS-1 cell line.
- Part (a) of FIG. 20 represents the analysis by the Southern blot technique of the DNA of Control and that of the line SU-CCS-1 doubly digested with EcoRl and PstI and hybridized with the RR2 probe derived from EWSRl; in this figure, N indicates the normal band and R the band corresponding to the rearrangement.
- Part (b) of FIG. 20 represents the detection in a northern blot of an abnormal transcript with the EWS-5 'EB probe defined by the 5' EcoRl / BamHI fragment of the cDNA of the Ews gene; extracted RNAs a Hela cell line and a glioma cell line were used as controls; N indicates the normal EWS transcript and R indicates an additional transcript.
- Part (c) of FIG. 20 represents the analysis of the amplified products obtained in the last step of the RACE procedure; compared to the control RNA, which was used to promote amplification from the normal EWS transcript (EWS), the RNA extracted from SU-CCS-1 has an additional amplified fragment which has been shown to defend the transcript of fusion (Fusion).
- Figures 21 and 22 relate to the identification of the EWS / ATF-1 fusion transcript in MMSP tumors and cell lines.
- FIG. 21 represents the detection by PCR-reverse transcriptase of the chimeric transcript.
- the PCR was carried out the primers 22.1 and ATF-1.1, corresponding respectively to exon 7 of the Ews gene, and to the 3 ′ region translated from ATF-1.
- the analysis of the amplified products was carried out on a 1% agarose gel (control: no RNA).
- FIG. 22 represents the sequence of the 954 bp cDNA fragment obtained by PCR-reverse transcriptase of the transcript resulting from the fusion of the Ews and Atf-1 genes.
- the sequences identical (to the 5 'region) or complementary (to the 3' region) to the primers used for the amplification are underlined in the figure.
- the vertical line indicates the junction between the two genes, which occurs between the second and third position of codon 325 and between the same positions of codon 65 of the Atf-1 gene.
- the contribution of the Ews gene sequence is indicated in bold characters.
- the position of the specific oligonucleotide of the Ews gene used in the RACE procedure is indicated and underlined.
- Figures 23 and 24 represent the junction of the chimeric transcripts and gives a schematic representation of the proteins which are deduced therefrom.
- FIG. 23 represents the partial sequence of the cDNA of the genes Ews and Atf-1, and of their hybrid transcripts in the junction regions, highlighting the open and closed junction frames respectively for the hybrid transcript Ews / Atf-1 from the der (22), and for the transcript Atf- 1 / Ews from the der (12).
- FIG. 24 represents the translation products corresponding to the 4 cDNAs indicated in FIG. 22.
- the reciprocal product is indicated by ATF-1 / EWS and is coded by chromosome der (12).
- the consensus recognition site for phosphorylation by priteine kinase A is indicated by PKA; NTD-EWS indicates the N-terminal domain of EWS.
- the SU-CCS cell line was prepared from a pluval effusion of MMSP (Epstein L, Martin AO, Kempson R, Cancer Res. 44, 1265-1274, 1984). Cytogenetic analysis revealed a complex karyotype with a single normal copy of chromosomes 12 and 22. The cell line was cultured as originally described. The frozen fragments of primary tumors of MMSP, Sten-1 (Stenman G, Kindblom LG, Angervall L, Genes Chrorr Cancer 4, 122-127, 1992), W9150 (Speleman F, Colpaert C, Goovaerts G, Leroy JG, Van Marck E, Cancer Genêt. Cytogenet.
- cDNA probes have the following:
- EWS 5 'EB is the 0.8 Kb coding region of the EWS cDNA ending at a BamHI site
- the 3 ′ ATF-1 probe was prepared by PCR and extends from nucleotide 754 to nucleotide 955 in FIG. 17. 3) Gene amplification procedure by PCR
- the amplified products were analyzed on 1% TBE agarose gels.
- ATF-1.1 5'AAAACTCCACTAGGAAATCCATTT 3 'ATF-1.3 5' CTGGGAGGGGGGAGTGGAAG 3 '
- a microgram of polyA and polyA RNA of the SU-CCS-1 cell line was denatured for 10 minutes at 80 ° C. and transcribed using the Gen AmpRNA PCR kit sold by the company Cetus.
- the initial reverse transcription was carried out in 2 to microliters using the primer A3'NV. Incubation at 42 ° Celsius for 45 minutes was followed by 5 minutes at 94 ° Celsius.
- a 2 microliters aliquot of the resulting cDNA was amplified by PCR using a 3-step procedure involving overlapping oligonucleotides.
- the first step implemented primers 22.1 and A3 '-4 in 20 cycles (association temperature 64 ° C). Twenty microliters were analyzed on a 1% agarose gel with low melting point. The portion of the gel containing the amplified products of approximately 1.5 to 2.5 Kb was collected, melted at 68 ° Celsius, and diluted in an equal volume of TE buffer.
- One microliter was subjected to PCR amplification
- association temperature 66 ° C association temperature 66 ° C
- primers 22.3 and A3 '-5 Association temperature 66 ° C
- RNA was reverse transcribed using as an primer an oligo-dT and the PCR Gen Amp RNA kit from the company Cetus, according to the conditions described by the manufacturer.
- the cDNA obtained was subjected to three different PCR amplifications:
- the amplified products corresponding to the Ews / Atf-1 transcripts were obtained with the primers 22.1 and ATF-1.1 (association temperature 60 ° C),
- the amplified products corresponding to the normal Atf-1 transcript were obtained with the primers ATF-1.3 and ATF-1.1 (association temperature 60 ° C),
- PCR products were subcloned into phages M13mpl8 and M13mpl9. In each case, three independent clones were entirely sequenced with Kit Taq polymerase from the company Applied Biosystems, using dideoxynucleotides and fluorescent primers. The reaction sequences were analyzed on an automatic sequencer from the company Applied Biosystems.
- the DNA was extracted from a primary MMSP tumor, called Sten-1, having a characteristic t (ll; 22) translocation (Stenman G, Kindblom LG, Angervall L, Genes Chrom. Cancer 4, 122-127, 1992 ), and a cell line called SU-CCS-1 having a complex karyotype containing an abnormal chromosome 12 (Epstein L, Martin AO, Kempson R, Cancer Res. 44, 1265-1274, 1984).
- the DNAs were screened with probes from EWSR1. Abnormal fragments were detected with the PR.8 probes for Sten-1 and RR2 for SU-CCS-1 (as shown in Figure 19).
- RNA derived from Sten-1, SU-CCS-1, and from primary MMSP tumor 5852/88 were characterized by northern blots with the 3 'and 5' ends of the cDNA of the Ews gene. The normal 2.5 Kb transcript of the Ews gene was highlighted with the two probes.
- each probe specifically revealed an additional band (the 5 ′ probe, a clearly expressed transcript of 3 Kb, probe 3 'a diffuse transcript of 1.5 Kb) suggesting that these abnormal transcripts could correspond to the fusion genes generated by the translocation t (12; 22) as shown in Figure 20 (b).
- the cDNA sequences located between this labeling and exon 7 of the Ews gene were amplified by PCR using a three-step procedure. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that the Helac RNAs lead to the amplification of a single 1.4 Kb fragment, which has been identified by hybridization as corresponding to the normal cDNA of the Ews gene. In addition to this fragment, the SU-CCS-1 RNA leads to the amplification of a fragment of higher molecular weight as indicated in FIG. 20 c.
- the sequencing revealed a foreign open reading phase fused to codon 325 on the 3 'side of the eighth exon of the Ews gene.
- a search in the NBRF database revealed that this sequence dodes for the C-terminal part of the Atf-1 gene, a cAMP-dependent transcription factor.
- this sequence is identical to the 3 'end of the cDNA sequence of the Atf-1 gene (Hai T, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR, Genes Dev. 3, 2083-2090, 1989; Yoshimura T, Fijisawa JL, Yoshida M, EMBA J. 9, 2537-2542, 1990).
- a probe from this end called ATF-1 3 ', hybridizes with the abnormal transcript of 3 Kb observed in northern blot.
- a more direct procedure for testing for the presence of an Ews / Atf-1 fusion transcript in tumor RNA was developed from a specific oligonucleotide derived from the 3 'untranslated region of the Atf-1 gene.
- This primer was used, in combination with an oligonucleotide homologous to exon 7 of the Ews gene, to amplify, by PCR, cDNAs primed with an oligo- dT synthesized from three known primary MMSP tumors, of the cell line SU- CCS-1 and Hela control cells.
- the four RNAs of the MMSP cases lead to a major fragment of 1 Kb (as shown in FIG. 21).
- the sequencing revealed the same phase junction, occurring in codon 325 of the Ews gene and codon 65 of the Atf-1 gene (as shown in FIG. 21).
- the deduced fusion protein encoded by this transcript conserved the entire N-terminal domain of the EWS protein and most of the ATF-1 protein (as shown in Figure 23).
- the portion of the fusion transcript corresponding to the Atf-1 gene was used to find a cosmid of a human genomic bank. It has been shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes, that this cosmid exclusively covers the 12ql3 band, thus demonstrating that the Atf-1 gene is located in this region of the genome.
- FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
- the complexity of the SU-CCS-1 cell karyotype precludes a simple formal cytogenetic demonstration of the appearance of a translocation involving chromosomes 12 and 22.
- the transcription of the normal Atf-1 gene on chromosome 12 and that of the reciprocal fusion gene generated on cromosome der (12) were studied by PCR reverse transcriptase. In all cases of MMSP, the two transcripts were expressed, this result is compatible with the broad spectrum of expression of the Atf-1 gene (Yoshimura T, Fijisawa JI, Yoshida M, EMBO J. 9, 2537-2542, 1990 ). In all cases, the amplified products isss of the reciprocal fusion transcript are of identical sizes but shorter than expected. Sequencing of the Sten-1 tumor cDNA junction region revealed an out-of-phase fusion caused by the deletion or splicing of the ninth exon of the Ews gene. The deduced translation product is a truncated protein composed of the first 65 amino acids of the ATF-1 protein followed by 3 aberrant amino acids (as shown in FIG. 23).
- the present study demonstrates that the t (12; 22) translocation associated with MMSP generates hybrid genes associating part of the Ews gene and part of the Atf-1 gene, whose structural and functional characteristics resemble those of the fusion of the Ews genes. and Hum-Fli-1 in the translocation t (ll; 22) which it associated with Ewing's sarcoma.
- the chimeric gene generated on chromosome der (22) codes for a protein in which the same portion of the N-terminal part of the EWS protein is linked to a DNA binding domain of a transcription factor.
- the hybrid protein deduced from the DNA sequence of fusion of the Ews and Atf-1 genes contains the major part of the ATF-1 protein, including an important functional domain bZIP. This area is known to mediate protein dimerization and DNA binding. Consequently, it is possible to consider that these two properties are preserved in the hybrid protein, which must therefore be capable of forming homodimers and heterodimers with the transcription factor CREB known to interact with the normal ATF-1 protein ( Turc-carel C, Aurias A, Mugneret F, Lizard Sidaner I, Volk C, Thiery JP, Olschwang S, Philip T, Lenoir GM, Mazabraud A, Cancer Genêt. Cytogenet.
- the chimeric protein comprising part of the EWS protein and part of the ATF-1 protein, which potentially has the EWS transactivating domain linked to the bZIP domain, which is no longer regulated by the cAMP, of ATF-1, can alter the regulation of transcription of genes normally controlled by ATF-1.
- the two transcribed hybrids are generated, in most MMSPs, by a cytogenetically simple translocation, suggesting that the transcription of the ATF-1 gene is identical to that of the EWS gene, ie from the centromere to the telomer. Both are expressed. This situation had already been observed in several hematological malignant tumors.
- the chromosomes of the translocation t (15; 17) associated with promyelotic leukemia (Tkachuk DC, Kohler S, Cleary ML, Cell 71, 691-700, 1992), those of the translocation t ( 14; ll) associated with acute leukemia of lymphocytes in children (Gu Y, Nakamura T, Aider H, Prasad R, Canaani O, Cimino G, Groce CM, Canaani R, Cell 71, 701-708, 1992), express , in each case, aberrant fusion transcripts.
- the expression of a reciprocal fusion gene on the der (12) chromosome is compatible with the generally known expression of ATF-1.
- the N-terminal transactivating domain of E2A can be linked either to the PBX1 domain or to the bZIP domain of HLF (Inaba T, Roberts WM, Shapiro LH, Jolly KW, Raimondi SC, Smiht SD, Look AT, Science 257, 521-534, 1992; Hunger SP, Ohyashiki K, Toyama K, Cleary ML, Genes Develop. 6, 1608-1620, 1992).
- HLF Inaba T, Roberts WM, Shapiro LH, Jolly KW, Raimondi SC, Smiht SD, Look AT, Science 257, 521-534, 1992; Hunger SP, Ohyashiki K, Toyama K, Cleary ML, Genes Develop. 6, 1608-1620, 1992).
- HLF Inaba T, Roberts WM, Shapiro LH, Jolly KW, Raimondi SC, Smiht SD, Look AT, Science 257, 521-534, 1992
- Hunger SP Ohyashiki K, Toyama K
- the N-terminal transactivating domain of EWS can be fused to the DNA binding domain of different families of transcription factors: the ETS domain in the case of Ewing's sarcoma, the bZIP domain in the case of MMPS .
- ETS domain in the case of Ewing's sarcoma
- bZIP domain in the case of MMPS .
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/343,443 US5968734A (en) | 1992-05-20 | 1993-05-19 | Nucleic acid corresponding to a gene of chromosome 22 involved in recurrent chromosomal translocations associated with the development of cancerous tumors, and nucleic acids of fusion resulting from said translocations |
EP93910143A EP0642584A1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1993-05-19 | Acide nucleique correspondant a un gene du chromosome 22 implique dans les translocations chromosomiques recurrentes associees au developpement de tumeurs cancereuses |
JP5519960A JPH08500964A (ja) | 1992-05-20 | 1993-05-19 | 癌腫の発生にかかわる再発性染色体転座に関与する第22染色体の遺伝子に対応する核酸および前記の転座から生じた融合核酸 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR92/06123 | 1992-05-20 | ||
FR9206123A FR2691475B1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1992-05-20 | Séquence d'ADN des produits de fusion résultant de la translocation chromosomique récurrente t(11;22) (q24;q12) associée au développement d'un groupe de tumeurs cancéreuses. |
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WO1993023549A2 true WO1993023549A2 (fr) | 1993-11-25 |
WO1993023549A3 WO1993023549A3 (fr) | 1994-03-31 |
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PCT/FR1993/000494 WO1993023549A2 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1993-05-19 | Acide nucleique correspondant a un gene du chromosome 22 implique dans les translocations chromosomiques recurrentes associees au developpement de tumeurs cancereuses |
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US (1) | US5968734A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0642584A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH08500964A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2691475B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993023549A2 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997010269A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-20 | The Government Of The United States Of America,Re | Procedes immunotherapeutiques faisant appel a des peptides antigeniques tumoraux recouvrant des cellules, et vaccins constitues de ces peptides |
US5789200A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-08-04 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Human ETS family member, ELF3 |
CN110870917A (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-10 | 上海市第一人民医院 | Ews或其上调剂在制备治疗糖尿病及防治糖尿病个体肿瘤发生的药物中的应用 |
WO2021078910A1 (fr) | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | Institut Curie | Immunothérapie ciblant des peptides néo-antigéniques tumoraux |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0878552A1 (fr) | 1997-05-13 | 1998-11-18 | Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam | Détection moléculaire d'aberration chromosomique |
DK0983510T3 (da) * | 1997-05-20 | 2004-07-05 | Univ Erasmus | Genkendelse af tumorspecifikke genprodukter i cancer |
US6686165B2 (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 2004-02-03 | Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam | Recognition of tumor-specific gene products in cancer |
US5968732A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 1999-10-19 | Akzo Nobel, N.V. | Isothermal transcription based assay for the detection and genotyping of dengue virus |
CA2327542C (fr) | 1998-05-04 | 2011-11-22 | Dako A/S | Procede et sondes de detection d'aberrations chromosomiques |
US7242330B2 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2007-07-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Dynamic compensation of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) offset errors using filtered PWM |
CN102459648A (zh) | 2009-05-26 | 2012-05-16 | 奎斯特诊断投资公司 | 基因失调的检测方法 |
US20130130235A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-05-23 | Bigtec Private Limited | Probes and primers for detection of dengue |
WO2013151981A1 (fr) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-10 | Gradalis, Inc. | Conception d'arnsh bifonctionnel dans le sarcome d'ewing |
CN107226862A (zh) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-03 | 南京川博生物技术有限公司 | 特异性人ews‑fli1融合蛋白抗体的制备方法及在制备尤文肉瘤诊断抗体试剂的应用 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0515573A1 (fr) * | 1990-02-23 | 1992-12-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Facteurs de transcription jouant un role pathogene dans des neoplasmes humains |
-
1992
- 1992-05-20 FR FR9206123A patent/FR2691475B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-05-19 WO PCT/FR1993/000494 patent/WO1993023549A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-19 US US08/343,443 patent/US5968734A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-19 EP EP93910143A patent/EP0642584A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-05-19 JP JP5519960A patent/JPH08500964A/ja active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997010269A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-20 | The Government Of The United States Of America,Re | Procedes immunotherapeutiques faisant appel a des peptides antigeniques tumoraux recouvrant des cellules, et vaccins constitues de ces peptides |
US5789200A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-08-04 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Human ETS family member, ELF3 |
CN110870917A (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-10 | 上海市第一人民医院 | Ews或其上调剂在制备治疗糖尿病及防治糖尿病个体肿瘤发生的药物中的应用 |
WO2021078910A1 (fr) | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | Institut Curie | Immunothérapie ciblant des peptides néo-antigéniques tumoraux |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH08500964A (ja) | 1996-02-06 |
WO1993023549A3 (fr) | 1994-03-31 |
US5968734A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
EP0642584A1 (fr) | 1995-03-15 |
FR2691475A1 (fr) | 1993-11-26 |
FR2691475B1 (fr) | 1995-03-24 |
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