WO1993011278A1 - Plaque en alliage d'aluminium - Google Patents
Plaque en alliage d'aluminium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993011278A1 WO1993011278A1 PCT/JP1992/001530 JP9201530W WO9311278A1 WO 1993011278 A1 WO1993011278 A1 WO 1993011278A1 JP 9201530 W JP9201530 W JP 9201530W WO 9311278 A1 WO9311278 A1 WO 9311278A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum alloy
- phosphate
- alloy plate
- alloy
- coating
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 31
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019086 Mg-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019064 Mg-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019406 Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052827 phosphophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- SPDJAIKMJHJYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;diphosphate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SPDJAIKMJHJYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OSKILZSXDKESQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K zinc;iron(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O OSKILZSXDKESQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy sheet excellent in phosphatability and post-coating corrosion resistance, particularly as a base for coating, particularly as a base for electrodeposition coating.
- Such alloy sheets include wrought materials such as Japanese Industrial Standard 5000 series (Al_Mg-Cu series) and 6000 series (A1-Mg-Si series). Is mainly used, but the parts to be used are limited to the parts such as the hood, trunk bridge, front and rear fender, and are used throughout Not yet.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides an aluminum alloy sheet having the same phosphate treating property as a steel material.
- the present invention provides an aluminum alloy plate with an A1-Zn alloy plating, thereby improving the phosphate treatment property and after coating. It has improved corrosion resistance, and the aluminum alloy sheet has a Zn content of 3.0 to 5 O mass% on at least one side of the aluminum alloy sheet. 0 g Z m 2
- the object to be treated is eluted with the free acid in the treatment solution, and the pH rises during the elution, and in the case of zinc-based plated steel sheets, zinc phosphate (Hopeite) is used.
- Hopeite zinc phosphate
- crystals of zinc iron phosphate (Phosphophyllite) are precipitated on the surface of the workpiece, but in the case of aluminum alloy sheets, Because a passivation film is formed, it is difficult to etch uniformly.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the Zn content of Al-Zn alloy and its phosphate treatment and corrosion resistance after painting on aluminum alloy sheets. is there.
- Figure 1 shows the plating of A 1 —Zn alloys with different Zn content.
- the phosphate treatment property is improved. If the Zn content is less than 3 raass%, uniform phosphate crystals do not precipitate due to the phosphate treatment solution.
- Fig. 1 shows that when the Zn content exceeds 50 mass%, the corrosion resistance after electrodeposition coating sharply decreases. This is because the ⁇ 1-Zn alloy plating layer, which has a high Zn content, exists selectively in this layer. Therefore, in the case of A 1 -Zn alloy, it is necessary to set the Zn content to 3.0 to 50 mass%.
- the surface cannot be completely covered, resulting in non-uniform phosphate crystals.
- plating even if the amount The phosphate treatability does not change, but increasing it too much is economically disadvantageous, so at most 10 gm 2 per side is sufficient.
- the A 1 —Zn alloy preferably has a structure in which Zn does not segregate and is uniformly dispersed microscopically in Zn force.
- Such A 1 -Zn-alloy plating consists of an electroplating method using a room-temperature molten salt bath, for example, aluminum chloride and organic nitrogen-containing onium chloride. This is possible if a bath in which zinc chloride is added to the molten salt bath is used.
- An electron beam heating type vapor deposition method in which a pure bath 1 and a pure Zn bath are arranged side by side and vapor deposition of bath 1 and Zn simultaneously from both baths is performed. It may be carried out by vacuuming such as ring or ion sputtering ring. According to these mounting methods, like the melting method
- A1-Zn alloy plating in which Zn is uniformly dispersed in the plating layer can be performed from the melting plate.
- the A 1 —Zn alloy on aluminum alloy plate may be applied to only one side if only one side is painted, but it is applied to both sides if both sides are painted.
- Aluminum alloy plate Japanese Industrial Standard 600,0 material, plate thickness 1.2 mm
- An aluminum alloy plate with an A 1 -Zn alloy having different Zn content and adhesion was prepared by applying one Zn alloy to one surface.
- the composition of this industrial standard 6006 is as follows
- Comparative Example No. 17 is an aluminum alloy plate coated with zinc by a zincate treatment
- Comparative Example No. 18 is a Zn alloy alloy. Given No aluminum alloy plate.
- a 1-Zn alloy-coated aluminum base plate was degreased at 40 ° C (the trade name of Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., which is located in Japan, Degreased by immersion for 15 seconds in cold-rolled steel sheets and zinc-based surface-treated steel sheets at 40 ° C (product name SD manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.). (A standard concentration solution of 500.000) was used for 2 minutes to perform the phosphate treatment, and the precipitation of phosphate crystals on the phosphate film deposited in Table 2 The morphology was observed with a scanning electron microscope of 100 mm and evaluated on the following three levels.
- An epoxy resin-based cation-type electrodeposition paint (trade name of Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.) is applied to an aluminum alloy plate that has been treated with phosphate by the above method. (Wattop U80 was coated under standard coating conditions) was subjected to 20 electrodeposition coating, and a cross-corrosion test was carried out after inserting the crosscuts reaching the coating layer on the coating film. did.
- the combined corrosion test is performed by conducting a salt spray test in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards Z2371 for 1 hour, and after drying, a wet test (50 ° C, relative humidity 9.8%) for 7 hours. Perform 50 cycles of the cycle test with one cycle of the culm to be dried again, and measure the maximum coating film width from the crosscut.
- Example 1 (5052, 0 material, thickness 1.2 mm) is heated to 200 ° C in a vacuum, then ion beam activated and deposited under the following conditions. On one side to determine the Zn content and An aluminum alloy plate with an A 1 —Zn alloy having a different coating weight was prepared, and the phosphatability and the post-coating corrosion resistance were investigated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results. In Comparative Example No. 37, only zinc was vapor-deposited, and the composition of an aluminum alloy plate according to Japanese Industrial Standard 5052 is as follows.
- the aluminum alloy sheet for the A] -Zn alloy according to the present invention uses, as the phosphate treatment agent, the one used for the pre-coating treatment of the steel material.
- the phosphate treatment agent since it is excellent in phosphatability and corrosion resistance after painting, it uses steel material and aluminum alloy plate, and the phosphating agent is steel material ⁇ It can be used in applications where it must be used, such as cars, motorcycles, airplanes, and ships.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention se rapporte à une plaque en alliage d'aluminium, qui possède une aptitude à la phosphatation similaire à celle d'un matériau à base d'acier et qui est recouverte d'un alliage Al-Zn ayant une teneur en zinc de 3,0 à 50 % en volume avec un poids d'enduction de 0,2 à 10 g/m2 sur au moins l'un de ses côtés.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3340080A JP2963806B2 (ja) | 1991-11-29 | 1991-11-29 | リン酸塩処理性、塗装後耐食性に優れたアルミニウム合金板 |
JP3/340080911129 | 1991-11-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993011278A1 true WO1993011278A1 (fr) | 1993-06-10 |
Family
ID=18333530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1992/001530 WO1993011278A1 (fr) | 1991-11-29 | 1992-11-24 | Plaque en alliage d'aluminium |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2963806B2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993011278A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104562098A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 沈阳理工大学 | 一种采用电子束合成钛镍合金层的方法 |
CN106947983A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-14 | 湖南金磐新材料科技有限公司 | 插层锌铝合金粉末及其制备的锌铝协同防腐涂料和方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2016000838A (ja) * | 2012-10-15 | 2016-01-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | アルミニウム膜、アルミニウム膜形成体、及びアルミニウム膜の製造方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61157693A (ja) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-17 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | りん酸塩処理性に優れたAl板 |
JPS63153262A (ja) * | 1986-12-17 | 1988-06-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Zn系蒸着めつきの施されたA1又はA1合金板 |
JPS63166964A (ja) * | 1986-12-27 | 1988-07-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 亜鉛メツキアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金板 |
JPS63174749A (ja) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | プレス用Ti及びTi合金材の潤滑処理方法 |
JPS63174748A (ja) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 冷間鍛造用Ti及びTi合金線材の連続伸線方法 |
JPH05825B2 (fr) * | 1988-11-28 | 1993-01-06 | Ee Yuu Ii Kenkyusho Kk |
-
1991
- 1991-11-29 JP JP3340080A patent/JP2963806B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-11-24 WO PCT/JP1992/001530 patent/WO1993011278A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61157693A (ja) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-17 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | りん酸塩処理性に優れたAl板 |
JPS63153262A (ja) * | 1986-12-17 | 1988-06-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Zn系蒸着めつきの施されたA1又はA1合金板 |
JPS63166964A (ja) * | 1986-12-27 | 1988-07-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 亜鉛メツキアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金板 |
JPS63174749A (ja) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | プレス用Ti及びTi合金材の潤滑処理方法 |
JPS63174748A (ja) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 冷間鍛造用Ti及びTi合金線材の連続伸線方法 |
JPH05825B2 (fr) * | 1988-11-28 | 1993-01-06 | Ee Yuu Ii Kenkyusho Kk |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104562098A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 沈阳理工大学 | 一种采用电子束合成钛镍合金层的方法 |
CN106947983A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-14 | 湖南金磐新材料科技有限公司 | 插层锌铝合金粉末及其制备的锌铝协同防腐涂料和方法 |
CN106947983B (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-06-18 | 湖南金磐新材料科技有限公司 | 插层锌铝合金粉末及其制备的锌铝协同防腐涂料和方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH05156490A (ja) | 1993-06-22 |
JP2963806B2 (ja) | 1999-10-18 |
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