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WO1992009957A1 - Dispositif de commande electronique de moteurs, presentant des parametres pouvant etre modifies par l'utilisateur - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande electronique de moteurs, presentant des parametres pouvant etre modifies par l'utilisateur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992009957A1
WO1992009957A1 PCT/US1991/008603 US9108603W WO9209957A1 WO 1992009957 A1 WO1992009957 A1 WO 1992009957A1 US 9108603 W US9108603 W US 9108603W WO 9209957 A1 WO9209957 A1 WO 9209957A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
engine
ecu
spark advance
flow rate
fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/008603
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard A. Hall
Gary L. Butzke
Original Assignee
Weber, U.S.A., Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weber, U.S.A., Inc. filed Critical Weber, U.S.A., Inc.
Publication of WO1992009957A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992009957A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
    • F02D41/2422—Selective use of one or more tables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
    • F02P5/15—Digital data processing
    • F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
    • F02P5/15—Digital data processing
    • F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
    • F02P5/1514—Digital data processing using one central computing unit with means for optimising the use of registers or of memories, e.g. interpolation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to an apparatus
  • the typical engine controller is programmed using fixed formulas and/or data tables to precisely match the fuel and ignition requirements of the engine. Many modifications done to the engine will change the airflow characteristics enough to cause a significant mismatch when using the original engine controller.
  • the prior art suggests replacing the engine controller's fixed programmed formulas and data tables with a modified fixed version to match the new engine configuration.
  • This new program is application specific and affords no more flexibility than the original OEM controller.
  • the prior art has also taught the use of a portable, or lap-top, computer to interface with the engine controller. While this does provide for greater control capability, the system is inherently undesirable because of its associated operational complexity and expense.
  • the prior art further proposes an electronic control unit for use in conjunction with the OEM engine control computer.
  • This system uses the spark advance and fuel curves developed by the OEM, but permits the operator to alter the fuel-air mixture and timing at various engine speeds.
  • the invention is a method and apparatus for regulating the fuel delivery and spark advance of a fuel-injected, spark-ignited, internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention allows users of vehicles equipped with electronic engine controls to enhance the vehicle engine's performance by replacing the OEM engine control computer with an engine control computer that is user-adjustable, thus improving on the prior art by allowing the vehicle operator to access individual cells in the engine parameter data tables and change the information stored in those cells.
  • the enhancement occurs at the cell level of the data table, instead of shifting the entire data table.
  • ECU electronice control unit
  • a method for regulating the fuel delivery and spark advance of a fuel-injected, spark-ignited internal combustion engine.
  • the method includes the steps of connecting a calibration module to an ECU, collecting sensory information, retrieving the fuel delivery and spark advance information from a read-write memory in the ECU and displaying the information to the vehicle operator.
  • the method also includes the steps of modifying the information in predetermined steps within a predetermined range of acceptable values and storing the modified information in the read-write memory of the ECU, whereby the engine's performance is modified.
  • the method includes the steps of operating the engine so as to evaluate the modifications and disconnecting the calibration module from the ECU if the modifications are acceptable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the user-adjustable electronic control unit (ECU) of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the calibration module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional illustration of a data table having discrete values
  • FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional illustration of the data table of FIG. 4 with linear interpolation between the discrete values, as utilized by the present invention
  • FIG. 6a is a three-dimensional illustration of a fuel overlay table such as that used for modifying the information contained in the fuel delivery data tables
  • FIG. 6b is a three-dimensional illustration of a spark overlay table such as that used for modifying the information contained in the spark advance data tables
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the general operation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart detailing the display process utilized in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart detailing the calibration process utilized in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 a first embodiment of the invention is shown. This embodiment is for use as a multi-point fuel-injection system.
  • ECU electronice control unit
  • OEM original equipment manufacturer
  • Calibration module 12 has display 14 and a plurality of input function keys 16 which allow the vehicle operator to communicate with user-adjustable ECU 10 via cable 18 and connector 19.
  • Wire harness adaptor 20 interfaces user-adjustable ECU 10 and calibration module 12 to OEM harness 22, which in turn is connected to a plurality of engine hardware shown generally by reference numeral 24.
  • engine hardware 24 is comprised of a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor 28, a distributor 30, an air temperature sensor 32, a throttle position sensor 34, a coolant temperature sensor 36 and a plurality of fuel injectors 38 mounted in the individual runners of intake manifold 40.
  • MAP manifold absolute pressure
  • Optional heated exhaust gas-oxygen sensor 26 can be utilized for closed-loop control of the vehicle engine. Closed-loop operation, as is known, provides for enhanced fuel economy and reduced engine emissions.
  • the distributor 30 replaces the OEM distributor.
  • the distributor 30 uses inductive sensors and provides engine speed and position information to user-adjustable ECU 10.
  • User-adjustable ECU 10 analyzes these signals, as is known, to identify particular cylinders and support a particular fuel- injection strategy. It should be appreciated that a replacement distributor may not be required.
  • FIG. 2 A block diagram of user-adjustable ECU 10 is shown in Figure 2. As shown, the ECU 10 has a microprocessor and RAM, ROM and EEROM type memories. Sensory information is converted by an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, and a high-speed timer controls output drivers. The ECU componentry is interconnected by data, address and control buses. It should be noted that there are numerous other electrical circuit schemes which could perform the same function.
  • a block diagram of calibration module 12 is shown in Figure 3. As shown, the calibration module 12 has a microprocessor, ROM type memory and a display. This componentry is interconnected by data, address and control buses. The microprocessor executes the program, receives input, communicates with the ECU 10 and displays information to the user. It should be noted that there are numerous other electrical circuit schemes which could perform the same function.
  • User-adjustable ECU 10 has a plurality of data tables stored in a read-write memory. Each table is comprised of a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, with each axis representing a particular engine parameter such as manifold pressure or speed.
  • Base calibration data tables contain the fuel and spark information used to govern engine operation.
  • the base calibration tables are not accessible to the operator but modifiable through a corresponding overlay data table.
  • Overlay data tables similarly contain fuel and spark modifier information, but are directly accessible to and modifiable by the operator. Overlay data tables can vary in size as required.
  • Data table 42 is shown in Figure 4, and is shown three-dimensionally to aid in illustration.
  • Axis 44 of data table 42 is used to represent engine parameter A, and axis 46 is used to represent engine parameter B.
  • Axes 44 and 46 are incrementally divided, or sectioned, to create of plurality of cells that contain data values. To illustrate, let it be assumed that data table 42 contains information that is used for controlling the fuel delivery schedule of an engine.
  • engine parameter A would be air density (manifold pressure)
  • engine parameter B would be engine speed.
  • a cell contains a value representing a specific fuel injection pulse- width, or timing.
  • data tables exist for fuel delivery and spark advance.
  • Data table 42 is shown having discrete values for specific pairings of parameters.
  • the present invention incorporates linear interpolation in the control strategy. With linear interpolation, an injection time is precisely calculated for any pairing of air density and engine speed. Optimal injection times are thus provided for all operating conditions.
  • Figure 5 shows data table 42 of Figure 4 and illustrates the effect of linear interpolation. As can be seen, the result is a smoothing of the table of Figure 4.
  • overlay tables exist for fuel and spark modifier information. As in the data tables, linear interpolation is utilized for the overlay tables. Fuel and spark overlay tables are shown three- dimensionally in Figure 6a and Figure 6b, respectively. Overlay table values represent a multiplicative modifier for fuel and an additive modifier for spark.
  • the (1,1,1,1) plane outlined in Figure 6a and the (0,0,0,0) plane outline in Figure 6b represent the "no change" plane (i.e. a 1.00 multiplier for fuel and a 0° adder to the spark advance.)
  • a modifier value above the (0,0,0,0) plane would be a value greater than 1.0, and a value below the plane would be a fractional multiplier.
  • calibration module 12 With the calibration module 12 connected to the wire harness adaptor 20 via cable 18 and connector 19, and the engine started, calibration module 12 initializes to a real-time display mode and in the preferred embodiment display 14 displays engine speed (RPM) , manifold pressure (mm Hg) , injector pulse-width (mS) , spark advance (°) and the current fuel modifier value. While in display mode, the operator can also view a second screen displaying coolant temperature (°C or °F) , air charge temperature (°C or °F) , throttle angle (°) and battery voltage (V).
  • RPM engine speed
  • mm Hg manifold pressure
  • mS injector pulse-width
  • spark advance °
  • V battery voltage
  • the vehicle operator utilizes the input function keys 16 to change from the display mode to the calibration mode.
  • the operator can alter, in a user-friendly manner, the fuel, spark and idle speed information that govern engine operation.
  • the operator uses the input function keys 16 to retrieve and view the modifier information stored in the fuel and spark overlay data tables.
  • the display 14 informs the operator what parameter is accessed and prompts him on how to execute a modification.
  • the information accessed can be incremented or decremented in discrete, pre ⁇ determined steps.
  • RAM random-access memory
  • This storage in the RAM represents a temporary storage, and the modifications will be lost unless formally saved.
  • the temporary storage permits the operator to receive feedback on the effect of the modifications, when possible. This is because the calibration mode, like the display mode, functions in a real-time manner. For example, if the engine is idling and the operator increments the engine idle speed calibration from 750 RPM to 1000 RPM, the operator receives feedback because the engine idle speed will increase to 1000 RPM.
  • Engine operation is controlled as is known to one skilled in the art.
  • the present invention also has the capability of controlling auxiliary functions.
  • the user- adjustable ECU 10 has a plurality of auxiliary output drivers that are available to control auxiliary hardware.
  • these outputs could be used to control emissions hardware, such as an EGR valve or an air pump.
  • auxiliary outputs By using the auxiliary outputs in such a manner, a vehicle operator could disable the emissions hardware when the vehicle is used in competition racing. The vehicle operator would then enable the emissions hardware for day-to-day use of the vehicle to comply with emissions requirements.
  • a similar type of fuel delivery schedule control can also be applied to an engine having throttle-body type fuel-injec ion.
  • Such an embodiment is illustrated in Figure 10, wherein like-numbered items appear in Figure 1, less 100.
  • user-adjustable ECU 110 replaces the OEM computer and communicates via cable 118 with calibration module 112, which has a display 114, a stoichiometry LED 115 and a plurality of input function keys 116.
  • the OEM harness typically is unable to support the conversion to throttle-body fuel injection and is therefore replaced by wire harness adaptor 120, which connects to engine hardware shown generally by reference numeral 124.
  • Engine hardware 124 is comprised of a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor 128, a distributor 130 having an engine speed and position sensor, an air temperature sensor 132, a throttle position sensor 134, a coolant temperature sensor 136 and a throttle body 140 having fuel injectors 138 as the fuel injecting means.
  • MAP manifold absolute pressure
  • Optional heated exhaust gas-oxygen sensor 126 can be utilized for closed-loop control of the vehicle engine.
  • user-adjustable ECU 110 also has the capability of controlling auxiliary functions such as engine emissions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit un dispositif de commande de moteur comprenant une unité de commande électronique (UCE) (10) réglable par l'utilisateur et un module d'étalonnage à distance (12), ainsi qu'un procédé d'utilisation de ce dispositif, lequel permet à l'utilisateur d'un véhicule de réguler de façon précise l'alimentation en carburant et l'avance à l'allumage d'un moteur à combustion interne. L'UCE (10) comporte un élément de sortie servant à réguler le débit de carburant, l'avance à l'allumage et la vitesse de ralenti du moteur, et un élément d'entrée devant être couplé aux capteurs du moteur, ainsi qu'un microprocesseur servant à traiter les données fournies par les capteurs pour produire des signaux de sortie au moyen de formules mathématiques et de tables de données stockées dans une mémoire de lecture-écriture. L'utilisateur du véhicule peut aussi contrôler du matériel auxiliaire tel que des commutateurs, des relais, des minuteries et des électro-aimants. Le module d'étalonnage (12) coopère avec l'UCE (10) et comprend un écran d'affichage (14) ainsi que des touches d'introduction (16) de données permettant à l'utilisateur de modifier les données relatives à l'alimentation en carburant et l'avance à l'allumage, et à enregistrer les modifications.
PCT/US1991/008603 1990-11-30 1991-11-18 Dispositif de commande electronique de moteurs, presentant des parametres pouvant etre modifies par l'utilisateur WO1992009957A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62026590A 1990-11-30 1990-11-30
US620,265 1996-03-22

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2775318A1 (fr) * 1998-02-26 1999-08-27 Sagem Module d'injection multi-points pour moteur a combustion interne
WO2001061177A3 (fr) * 2000-02-18 2001-12-20 Optimum Power Technology Lp Appareil et procede permettant d'etalonner un systeme de gestion de moteur
EP0989301A3 (fr) * 1998-09-22 2002-07-10 Mitsuba Corporation Système de commande de synchronisation d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne
WO2002038931A3 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-08-15 Bombardier Motor Corp Of Us Systeme diagnostique et procede permettant de regler de maniere temporaire la quantite de carburant delivree dans un moteur a injection
WO2002072391A1 (fr) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-19 Audi Ag Systeme d'information pour un vehicule
WO2003008788A3 (fr) * 2001-07-20 2003-05-01 Optimum Power Technology Lp Systeme de gestion de distribution de combustible de moteur
WO2003048555A1 (fr) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-12 Truckgas Pty Ltd Systeme de commande d'alimentation en carburant et procede associe
EP1617064A3 (fr) * 2000-02-18 2006-02-01 Optimum Power Technology, L.P. Appareil et procédé permettant d'étalonner un système de gestion de moteur
WO2006104456A1 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-05 Sem Aktiebolag Dispositif et procede de communication entre un systeme de commande pour petits moteurs a combustion interne et un ordinateur externe
FR2892466A1 (fr) * 2005-10-25 2007-04-27 Renault Sas Unite de controle electronique pour moteur de vehicule comportant au moins une loi de commande amelioree
CN102900556A (zh) * 2012-09-29 2013-01-30 杭州晟城环保科技有限公司 一种汽车发动机工况调节节能装置
US9115663B2 (en) 2009-07-24 2015-08-25 Harley-Davidson Motor Company Group, LLC Vehicle calibration using data collected during normal operating conditions
US9278698B2 (en) 2014-04-23 2016-03-08 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods and apparatus for limiting engine speed
US10787984B2 (en) 2018-08-08 2020-09-29 Caterpillar Inc. Power system optimization calibration
US10787981B2 (en) 2018-08-08 2020-09-29 Caterpillar Inc. Power system optimization
GB2627414A (en) * 2021-02-23 2024-08-21 W Gray Joshuah Engine control system

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US5091858A (en) * 1989-01-09 1992-02-25 Digital Fuel Injection Electronic control of engine fuel delivery

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US4677558A (en) * 1984-03-03 1987-06-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and system for controlling operation of an apparatus or engine, particularly internal combustion engine
US4751633A (en) * 1984-03-20 1988-06-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Externally reprogrammable vehicular microcomputer with hardware lock-out of unauthorized memory modifications
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US5084821A (en) * 1988-10-05 1992-01-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Apparatus for determining control characteristics for automobiles and system therefor
US5091858A (en) * 1989-01-09 1992-02-25 Digital Fuel Injection Electronic control of engine fuel delivery

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999043940A1 (fr) * 1998-02-26 1999-09-02 Sagem S.A. Module d'injection multi-points pour moteur a combustion interne
FR2775318A1 (fr) * 1998-02-26 1999-08-27 Sagem Module d'injection multi-points pour moteur a combustion interne
EP0989301A3 (fr) * 1998-09-22 2002-07-10 Mitsuba Corporation Système de commande de synchronisation d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne
AU2001238399B2 (en) * 2000-02-18 2004-09-02 Optimum Power Technology, L.P. An engine management system
AU2001241573B2 (en) * 2000-02-18 2004-05-06 Optimum Power Technology, L.P. Apparatus and method for calibrating an engine management system
CN100416067C (zh) * 2000-02-18 2008-09-03 最佳动力技术有限合伙公司 调整发动机管理系统的装置和方法
WO2001061176A3 (fr) * 2000-02-18 2002-02-14 Optimum Power Technology Lp Systeme de gestion d'un moteur
US6512974B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2003-01-28 Optimum Power Technology Engine management system
US6539299B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2003-03-25 Optimum Power Technology Apparatus and method for calibrating an engine management system
EP1617064A3 (fr) * 2000-02-18 2006-02-01 Optimum Power Technology, L.P. Appareil et procédé permettant d'étalonner un système de gestion de moteur
WO2001061177A3 (fr) * 2000-02-18 2001-12-20 Optimum Power Technology Lp Appareil et procede permettant d'etalonner un systeme de gestion de moteur
US6775607B2 (en) 2000-11-13 2004-08-10 Bombardier Recreational Products Inc. Diagnostic system and method to temporarily adjust fuel quantity delivered to a fuel injected engine
US6549843B1 (en) 2000-11-13 2003-04-15 Bombardier Motor Corporation Of America Diagnostic system and method to temporarily adjust fuel quantity delivered to a fuel injected engine
WO2002038931A3 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-08-15 Bombardier Motor Corp Of Us Systeme diagnostique et procede permettant de regler de maniere temporaire la quantite de carburant delivree dans un moteur a injection
WO2002072391A1 (fr) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-19 Audi Ag Systeme d'information pour un vehicule
CN100370124C (zh) * 2001-07-20 2008-02-20 最佳动力技术有限合伙公司 发动机燃料供给管理系统
WO2003008788A3 (fr) * 2001-07-20 2003-05-01 Optimum Power Technology Lp Systeme de gestion de distribution de combustible de moteur
WO2003048555A1 (fr) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-12 Truckgas Pty Ltd Systeme de commande d'alimentation en carburant et procede associe
WO2006104456A1 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-05 Sem Aktiebolag Dispositif et procede de communication entre un systeme de commande pour petits moteurs a combustion interne et un ordinateur externe
RU2395705C2 (ru) * 2005-03-29 2010-07-27 СЕМ Актиеболаг Устройство и способ связи между системой управления для малых двигателей внутреннего сгорания и внешним компьютером
US7953543B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2011-05-31 Sem Aktiebolag Device and method for communication between a control system for small internal combustion engines and an external computer
EP1875060A4 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2018-03-14 SEM Aktiebolag Dispositif et procede de communication entre un systeme de commande pour petits moteurs a combustion interne et un ordinateur externe
WO2007048972A3 (fr) * 2005-10-25 2007-06-14 Renault Sa Unite de controle electronique pour moteur de vehicule comportant au moins une loi de commande amelioree
FR2892466A1 (fr) * 2005-10-25 2007-04-27 Renault Sas Unite de controle electronique pour moteur de vehicule comportant au moins une loi de commande amelioree
US9115663B2 (en) 2009-07-24 2015-08-25 Harley-Davidson Motor Company Group, LLC Vehicle calibration using data collected during normal operating conditions
CN102900556A (zh) * 2012-09-29 2013-01-30 杭州晟城环保科技有限公司 一种汽车发动机工况调节节能装置
US9278698B2 (en) 2014-04-23 2016-03-08 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods and apparatus for limiting engine speed
US10787984B2 (en) 2018-08-08 2020-09-29 Caterpillar Inc. Power system optimization calibration
US10787981B2 (en) 2018-08-08 2020-09-29 Caterpillar Inc. Power system optimization
GB2627414A (en) * 2021-02-23 2024-08-21 W Gray Joshuah Engine control system

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