RU2380567C2 - Rotor-type windmill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed windmill comprises a rotor fitted on vertical shaft that represents rotary blades arranged between upper and lower rims on brackets coupled with said shaft. The latter is coupled with electric generator and blade control mechanism. Every blade incorporates its control mechanism representing a feather and rotary device fitted on said vertical shaft aligned with the blade. Said vertical device consists of differential with its one shaft rigidly fixed with feather axle and another one rigidly fixed with rotor rim. Note that differential housing is rigidly fixed with rotary blade axle.

EFFECT: increased power output due to increased sail area, reduced pulsation of angular momentum, simpler design, higher efficiency.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to wind engineering, in particular to wind turbines with an axis of rotation of the rotor perpendicular to the direction of the wind.

Famous rotary wind turbine / cm. USSR copyright certificate No. 992799, M.Kl. 3 F03d 3/00, publ. 1983, Bull. No. 4 / has a wheel with a hub and flails fixed on it, to the ends of which spring-loaded profiled blades are pivotally attached. The disadvantage of the wind wheel of this installation is that the power transmitted to the hub during rotation develops only when the blade passes on one side of the axis of rotation of the hub in the wind direction, and therefore the wind turbine has a relatively low efficiency.

In the USSR Certificate of Authorship No. 1622609, M.Kl. 5 F03d 9/00, publ. 1991, Bull. No. 3 describes a wind turbine having impellers of the lower and upper tiers, including holders mounted on a vertical shaft with stops and placed between the blade holders, each of which is made of aerodynamic profiles. The wheels rotate in different directions, while performing the functions of a rotary generator. This wind turbine also has a low efficiency, as the power of the wind flow is transmitted through the blades only on one side of the axis of rotation.

Wind turbine rotor protected by USSR Copyright Certificate No. 992800, M.Kl. 3 F03d 3/00, publ. 1983, Bull. No. 4 comprises a vertical shaft installed in the supports, at the ends of which two rod frames are attached, interconnected by a set of vertical rods, and flat blades pivotally attached to one of their sides on the rods, the rotor provided with rings placed between the end surfaces of the blades in two the rod at each radius, and the rods with pivotally attached blades mounted on the outer rings, and the difference in the radii of each outer and inner ring is less than the width of the blade.

In the described design of the rotor of the wind turbine, only half of the blades interacts with the wind flow, therefore, a wind turbine with such a rotor has a relatively low efficiency.

Carousel wind turbine described in USSR Copyright Certificate No. 846777, M.Kl. 3 F03d 3/00, publ. 1981, Bull. No. 26, contains a fixed axis, blades mounted with the possibility of independent rotation on the swings, ratchet mechanisms according to the number of blades, the ratchet wheel of each of which is fixed on the axis and provided with a female ring having a lever connected by means of a rod to the blade. The disadvantage of this wind turbine is its low reliability and high metal consumption due to the presence of ratchet mechanisms and rods.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a wind wheel protected by Copyright No. 1483081, F03d 3/02, Bull. No. 20, which contains a fixed axis, blades mounted with the possibility of independent rotation on a max 360 degree swing, one weather vane and a mechanism that rigidly connects all the blades and ensures a clear position of the blade from the direction of the wind and the rotation of the impeller, ensure maximum efficiency of the wind turbine. The disadvantage of this wind turbine is its complex structure, unreliable operation, and unprotected structural elements from environmental influences.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the power of the wind wheel by increasing the area of the blades, the full use of the wind flow, reducing ripple torque, increasing reliability, simplifying the design, reducing metal consumption.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a wind turbine containing an impeller mounted on a vertical shaft, made in the form of rotary blades located between the upper and lower rims, mounted on brackets connected to a shaft coupled to an electric generator, and a blade control mechanism, each blade is equipped with a mechanism control the blade in the form of a weather vane and a rotary device mounted on a vertical shaft coaxially with the blade, the rotary device consists of a differential, one shaft of which is rigidly connected associated with a wind vane axis, a second shaft fixedly connected with the rim of the impeller, and differential housing is rigidly connected with the rotary axis of the blade.

The blade control mechanism consists of a differential or planetary gearbox with a gear ratio of two.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the inventive carousel wind wheel, top view, figure 2, side view.

In Fig.1-2, structural elements are numbered as follows:

1. Vertical impeller shaft

2. The lower rim of the sails

3. The upper rim of the sail

4. Rim of fastening of weathercocks

5. Turning sails

6. Sail shaft mounting bracket

7. Weathervanes

8. Vane axis

9. The rotary mechanism of the sails

10. Sail shaft

11. Bearings

12. Support wheels of a rotary windwheel

13. Ring railway

14. Central wheel bearing

15. Generator

16. Gearbox

The work of the declared carousel wind turbine will be considered in the sequential position of one autonomous unit with a blade on the bracket 6 to the air flow when the carousel wind turbine rotates from 0 degrees to 360 degrees.

When the bracket is at the highest point, 0 degrees - the blade is at an angle of 45 degrees to the air flow. The torque is clockwise. When the bracket position is 90 degrees, the blade is perpendicular to the air flow and works like a sail to resist air flow. When the bracket position is 180 degrees of rotation of the wind wheel, the blade occupies a position of 135 degrees and begins to move towards the air flow, creating a clockwise torque due to the lifting force of the blade. When the position of the bracket is 270 degrees, the blade occupies a position of 180 degrees. The blade is parallel to the air flow, goes towards it and does not perform work. With an increase in the angle of rotation of the wind wheel more than 270 degrees, the angle of rotation of the blade becomes more than 180 degrees, the blade moves towards the air flow at an acute angle, operates on a lifting force with a clockwise rotation. When the bracket position is 360 degrees, the blade makes half a revolution around its axis and becomes the back side to the air flow at an angle of 45 degrees.

With the appropriate installation of autonomous units with blades, a carousel wind wheel can be equivalent to both right and left rotation, which is important for solving various design issues of building a wind turbine.

The number of autonomous nodes with blades around the perimeter of a carousel wind wheel can be unlimitedly large. The power of the wind turbine is proportional to their number.

Compared with the prototype, the inventive rotary wind turbine with the same dimensions and the area of the blades has the same power and efficiency, but lower metal consumption and greater reliability and durability. This is due to the lack of open chain transmission and sprockets. The mechanism of an autonomous rotary assembly operates in a closed, sealed housing with a constant presence of lubricant.

The power of the prototype has significant limitations. The power of the declared rotary wind turbine has no restrictions and depends only on the diameter and height of the wind wheel, the number of autonomous nodes with blades and the area of the blades.

The wind turbine operates as follows.

Under the action of the air flow on the autonomous nodes of the blades located on the wind wheel as far as possible from the axis of its rotation, the torque of the wind wheel is created, which is transmitted through the gearbox to the electric generator.

The blade control mechanism monitors two variable functions - the information on the rotation of the wind vane and the rotation of the wind wheel and provides the resulting information on the installation of the blade at the most optimal angle to the direction of the wind. Each autonomous unit responds to its wind direction and angular position on the carousel.

When the wind speed exceeds the permissible, the blade turns, reducing its area with a special device, additionally mounted on the blades, and removing the load from the wind turbine generator allows you to even the wind speed and the blades and prevent wind turbine overload.

Claims (1)

A wind turbine comprising an impeller mounted on a vertical shaft, made in the form of rotary blades located between the upper and lower rims, mounted on brackets connected to a shaft coupled to an electric generator, and a blade control mechanism, characterized in that each blade is equipped with a blade control mechanism in in the form of a weather vane and a rotary device mounted on a vertical shaft coaxially with the blade, the rotary device consists of a differential, one shaft of which is rigidly connected with the axis of the flues pa, a second shaft fixedly connected with the rim of the impeller, and differential housing is rigidly connected with the rotary axis of the blade.

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