RU2346995C2 - Facility for extracting precious metals out of tails - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to hydrometallurgy, particularly to facility for extraction of precious metals, notably, gold and silver out of tails and other materials with high contents of fine fractions. The facility consists of a solution proof base and a border and also of a drainage system. The drainage system is made in form of a perforated tube with a gate at a discharge end. On the solution proof base there are successively laid: a layer of crushed stone of 2-5 mm size and of 150-200 mm thickness, then a layer of crushed stone of 5-40 mm size and 300-600 mm thickness, in the central part of which the perforated tube is located, then there is a layer of fabric out of geotextiles and a layer of crushed stone of 2-5 mm size and of 200-300 mm thickness; also the solution proof base is made with counter incline of 3-5° from each side from two counter borders into the direction of the perforated tube and also with the incline to horizon of 2-4° into the direction of the discharge end of the perforated tube in a vertical plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of the perforated tube.

EFFECT: facilitating extraction of precious metals out of materials with high contents of fine fractions and also simplification and reduction in cost of facility and its operation.

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Description

The invention relates to hydrometallurgy of precious metals and can be used to extract precious metals, in particular gold and silver, from sludges and other materials with a high content of fine fractions.

Known devices for the extraction of gold from poor ores with perforated nozzles mounted in the bottom for input and output of technological solutions, each of which is made with a collector for supplying and discharging solutions into the pipeline of the corresponding capacity, RU 2095448 C1.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need for forced supply of leaching and neutralizing solutions and, accordingly, the use of pumping and other hydraulic and mechanical equipment, high energy consumption, high metal consumption and low productivity.

A device is known for extracting precious metals from ores, in particular from industrial placers, containing a cell with a solution-tight base and sides made of metal. The cuvette also has slopes on one side and a drainage system in the form of channels (trenches) in the base, overlain by gratings above (RU 2245379).

The ore mass placed in the cuvette is poured from above with water, which, seeping through it, transfers gold particles to the bottom part. Activation of the process of transferring gold to the bottom of the cell is achieved by aeration of the ore mass by vibrational or pulsed forces. The top layer washed from gold is removed. The leaching of gold concentrated in the ore mass of the bottom part of the cell is carried out by supplying leach solutions from below under pressure through channels (trenches) connected to the main.

This device is taken as a prototype of the present invention.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the fact that this installation can only be used to leach precious metals from material well washed from clay man-made placers and poor ores with a grain size of about 30 mm In this case, the leaching solution is forcedly pumped under pressure and must rise from the bottom up through the processed ore material. This requires the use of pumping equipment, which creates a very high overpressure. As a result, the possibility of disturbing the seals of the connections of the elements of the hydraulic system increases, the design of the installation and its operation becomes more complicated, and, accordingly, the material consumption and energy consumption increase.

The objective of the invention is to enable the extraction of precious metals from materials with a high content of fine fractions, as well as the simplification and cheapening of the device and its operation.

According to the invention, in a device for extracting precious metals from sludges containing a cuvette with a solution-tight base and sides and a drainage system made in the form of a perforated pipe, the perforated pipe is made with a valve on the drain end, a layer of crushed stone 150-200 mm thick is successively laid on the solution-proof base of the cuvette and fineness of 2-5 mm, a crushed stone layer 300-600 mm thick with a fineness of 5-40 mm with a perforated pipe located in its central part, a geotextile fabric layer and a crushed stone layer 200-3 thick 00 mm with a particle size of 2-5 mm, while the mortar-tight base is made with a opposing slope of 3-5 ° on each side of two opposite sides towards the perforated pipe and also has a slope of 2-4 ° to the horizontal towards the drain end of the perforated pipe in a vertical plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of the perforated pipe.

The applicant has not identified sources containing information about technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

The implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention leads to new properties of the object, which consists in the fact that the forced supply of solutions under pressure through the processed material in the direction opposite to the action of gravitational forces is excluded; accordingly, the need to use pumping equipment is eliminated; in the case of the present invention, the solutions are gradually filtered through the thickness of the processed ore material under the influence of gravitational forces, which is not associated with any energy costs or other additional costs; at the same time, the upper layer of crushed stone prevents the geotextile fabric from breaking the integrity, which does not pass fine fractions into the underlying layer of crushed stone, where the perforated pipe is located, and the productive solution accumulates. Thanks to these angles of inclination of the base of the cell, efficient collection and discharge of the productive solution is ensured.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a top view of the device;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1.

A device for extracting precious metals from sludge contains a cuvette consisting of a solution-impervious base 1 and sides 2 made of sheet polymer material, for example, polystyrene, 2-3 mm thick, located in the pit. The drainage system is made in the form of a perforated pipe 3 with holes 4 and a valve 5 at its drain end. On the basis of 1, gravel layer 6 of crushed stone 150-200 mm thick with a particle size of 2-5 mm, layer 7 of crushed stone 300-600 mm thick with a grain size of 5-40 mm are successively laid. A perforated pipe 3 is placed in the central part of layer 7. Above layer 7 is a layer 8 of geotextile fabric, in particular dornite, which is covered by layer 9 of crushed stone 200-300 mm thick with a particle size of 2-5 mm. The base 1 is made with a counter slope α = 3-5 ° on each side of the cuvette from two opposite sides towards the perforated pipe 3. In addition, the base 1 has a slope to the horizon β = 2-4 ° towards the drain end of the pipe 3 in the vertical plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of the perforated pipe.

When performing the lower layer 6 of crushed stone with a particle size of less than 2 mm, this layer will slide in the direction of the slope of the base 1 of the cuvette and will not serve as a protective coating for the base 1. If the crushed stone of layer 6 has a particle size of more than 5 mm, then the risk of damage to large crushed stone of the polymer material forming the base 1. The thickness of the layer 6 is less than 150 mm is insufficient to perform a protective function with respect to the base 1 of the cuvette. The thickness of the layer 6 of more than 200 mm is irrational, as it will lead to excessive consumption of crushed stone, as well as to reduce the useful volume of the cell. The crushed stone of layer 7 should not have a fineness of less than 5 mm, since this will significantly reduce the volume of pore space in which the productive solution accumulates. When the size of the crushed stone layer 7 above 40 mm increases the risk of damage to the overlying layer 8 of the fabric. When the thickness of the layer 7 is less than 300 mm, the volume of the pore space is irrationally reduced; when its thickness is more than 600 mm, the useful volume of the cell filled with slurry is significantly reduced. Layer 9 protects the fabric of layer 8 from damage during loading - unloading ore material 10 (sludge) into the cuvette, and also plays the role of a benchmark indicating the lower boundary of the ore material. With crushed stone size less than 2 mm, layer 9 is invisible when unloading ore material, since it merges with it, and can be removed, as a result of which the layer of fabric 8 will be exposed or damaged. If crushed stone size of layer 9 is more than 5 mm, this crushed stone itself can cause damage layer 8. When the thickness of layer 9 is less than 200 mm, it may not be sufficient to protect layer 8 from damage, the thickness of layer 9 of more than 300 mm is impractical due to a significant decrease in the useful volume of the cell.

Ore material 10 is loaded into the cuvette using dump trucks to a level of 400-500 mm below the upper level of the sides of the cuvette 2. Gate valve 5 is closed. Then, a cyanide leach solution is introduced into the cuvette by drip irrigation or spraying, which impregnates the ore material 10. At the same time, precious metals in the form of cyanide complexes are gradually transferred to the leach solution. Next, the solution containing these complexes (productive) passes through layer 9 and then through layer 8, which acts as a filter. Layer 8 retains finely dispersed particles of ore material and passes the productive solution into the pore space of layer 7. Here, the productive solution, due to the opposing slope of the base 1 from the sides 2 towards the perforated pipe 3, enters through the holes 4 into the pipe 3. If the angle α is less than 3 °, then the productive the solution flows too slowly to the pipe 3, and if the angle α is greater than 5 °, suffusion processes occur with the removal of the sand fractions of the layer 6 into the pipe 3. The valve 5 is opened, and the productive solution flows through the pipe 3 due to the fact that of I I have a slope β to the horizontal in the direction of the end of the drain pipe 3 in the vertical plane. When the angle β is less than 2 °, the productive solution merges slowly, and due to the low flow rate, sand and silt can accumulate in the pipe 3. At an angle β greater than 4 °, the discharge head will be excessively high, which will complicate the reception of the drained productive solution, cause it to spray, etc.

Claims (1)

A device for extracting precious metals from sludges containing a cuvette with a solution-tight base and sides and a drainage system made in the form of a perforated pipe, characterized in that the perforated pipe is made with a valve on the drain end, on the solution-proof base of the cuvette successively laid: a crushed stone layer 150- thick 200 mm and a particle size of 2-5 mm, a crushed stone layer 300-600 mm thick with a grain size of 5-40 mm with a perforated pipe located in its central part, a geotextile fabric layer and a crushed stone layer 200-300 thick with a grain size of 2-5 mm, while the mortar-tight base is made with a opposing slope of 3-5 ° on each side of two opposite sides towards the perforated pipe and also has a slope of 2-4 ° to the horizontal towards the drain end of the perforated pipe in a vertical plane, passing through the central longitudinal axis of the perforated pipe.

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