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WO2025032556A1 - Bioactive conjugates, preparation method and use thereof - Google Patents

Bioactive conjugates, preparation method and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025032556A1
WO2025032556A1 PCT/IB2024/057757 IB2024057757W WO2025032556A1 WO 2025032556 A1 WO2025032556 A1 WO 2025032556A1 IB 2024057757 W IB2024057757 W IB 2024057757W WO 2025032556 A1 WO2025032556 A1 WO 2025032556A1
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Charng-Sheng TSAI
Mei-Hsuan TSAI
Maomao HE
Zewei WANG
Xiaodong WEI
Yayun CHEN
Xiaokun Yang
Wei Luo
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BeiGene Switzerland GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/68035—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug being a pyrrolobenzodiazepine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6839—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting material from viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6849—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a receptor, a cell surface antigen or a cell surface determinant
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/10—Spiro-condensed systems

Definitions

  • BIOACTIVE CONJUGATES, PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001]
  • This application claims priority to International Application No. PCT/CN2023/112184, filed August 10, 2023, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • FIELD [0002]
  • the present disclosure relates to antibody drug conjugate platform compounds comprising pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-based dimers and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising the platforms and an antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, as well as uses of the ADC platforms and ADCs.
  • SEQUENCE LISTING [0003] This application contains a Sequence Listing, which has been submitted electronically in XML format.
  • PBDs have the following general structure: .
  • PBDs differ in the number, type, and position of substituents, in both their aromatic A rings and pyrrolo C rings, and in the degree of saturation of the C ring.
  • B-ring there is an imine (N ⁇ C), a carbinolamine (NH—CH(OH)), or a carbinolamine methyl ether (NH— CH(OMe)) at the N10-C11 position, which is the electrophilic center responsible for alkylating DNA.
  • All of the known natural products have an (S)-configuration at the chiral C11a position which provides them with a right-handed twist when viewed from the C ring towards the A ring.
  • the PBD dimers are thought to form sequence-selective DNA lesions such as the palindromic 5′-Pu-GATC-Py-3′ interstrand cross-link (Smellie, M., et al., Biochemistry, 42, 8232- 8239 (2003); Martin, C., et al., Biochemistry, 44, 4135-4147) which is thought to be mainly responsible for their biological activity.
  • sequence-selective DNA lesions such as the palindromic 5′-Pu-GATC-Py-3′ interstrand cross-link (Smellie, M., et al., Biochemistry, 42, 8232- 8239 (2003); Martin, C., et al., Biochemistry, 44, 4135-4147) which is thought to be mainly responsible for their biological activity.
  • SG2000 SJG-136): .
  • Antibody-drug conjugates include antibodies operably linked to a biologically active small molecule, also known as a toxin or payload.
  • ADCs deliver a potent payload selectively to target-expressing cells, leading to a potential reduction of off-target side effects and/or toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy.
  • the lipophilic nature of many payloads can adversely affect the properties of the ADC to the extent that the payloads are not efficiently delivered to the target cells. Low bioavailability of lipophilic payloads can narrow therapeutic windows for ADC treatment.
  • hydrophobic nature of payloads can present challenges to their conjugation to antibodies, a reaction performed in aqueous conditions.
  • hydrophilic linkers for protein conjugates e.g., ADCs
  • PBD dimers including lipophilic and/or asymmetrical PBD dimers as payloads in ADCs.
  • each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg): wherein each ring C is, independently, a cyclopropyl ring or a cyclobutyl ring; each R 1 is, independently, H, OH, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyl or -O-(CH 2 CH 2 O) t1 -CH 3 ; each R 2 is, independently, H or C 1-4 alkyl; each R 3 and R 4 is, independently, H, NR a1 R b1 , OH, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4
  • each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formulas (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg):
  • Figures 1A and 1B are line graphs showing killing of NOMO-1 (1A) and K562 (1B) cells by the indicated conjugates .
  • Figures 2A and 2B are line graphs showing killing ofNOMO-1 (2A) and K562 (2B) cells by the indicated conjugates.
  • Figures 3A and 3B are line graphs showing killing ofNOMO-1 (3A) and K562 (3B) cells by the indicated conjugates .
  • Figures 4A and 4B are line graphs showing killing ofNOMO-1 (4A) and K562 (4B) cells by the indicated conjugates.
  • Figures 5A and 5B are line graphs showing killing of NOMO-1 (5A) and K562 (5B) cells by the indicated conjugates .
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION Provided herein are antibody drug conjugate platform compounds comprising pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-based dimers and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising the platforms and an antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • the ADCs may be used to treat a disease or disorder, such as cancer, such as by providing a composition comprising an ADC.
  • the conjugates include linkers with at least one moiety that improves their performance, such as by increasing serum stability compared to conjugates without the moiety.
  • antibody herein is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, monospecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments that exhibit the desired biological activity.
  • An intact antibody has primarily two regions: a variable region and a constant region.
  • the variable region binds to and interacts with a target antigen.
  • the variable region includes a complementary determining region (CDR) that recognizes and binds to a specific binding site on a particular antigen.
  • CDR complementary determining region
  • the constant region may be recognized by and interact with the immune system (see, e.g., Janeway et al., 2001, Immuno. Biology, 5 th Ed., Garland Publishing, New York).
  • an “intact antibody” is one that comprises an antigen-binding variable region as well as a light chain constant domain (CL) and heavy chain constant domains, CH1, CH2, CH 3 , and CH4, as appropriate for the antibody class.
  • the constant domains may be native sequence constant domains (e.g., human native sequence constant domains) or amino acid sequence variant thereof.
  • An “antibody fragment” comprises a portion of an intact antibody, comprising the antigen- binding or variable region thereof.
  • antibody fragments include Fab, Fab’, F(ab’) 2 , and Fv fragments, diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies, linear antibodies, single-chain antibody molecules, scFv, scFv-Fc, multispecific antibody fragments formed from antibody fragment(s), a fragment(s) produced by a Fab expression library, or an epitope-binding fragment of any of the above which immunospecifically binds to a target antigen (e.g., a cancer cell antigen, a viral antigen or a microbial antigen).
  • a target antigen e.g., a cancer cell antigen, a viral antigen or a microbial antigen.
  • An “antigen” is an entity to which an antibody specifically binds.
  • the terms “specific binding” and “specifically binds” mean that the antibody or antibody derivative will bind, in a highly selective manner, to its corresponding target antigen and not with the multitude of other antigens.
  • the antibody or antibody derivative binds with an affinity of at least about 1 ⁇ 10 -7 M, 10 -8 M, 10 -9 M, 10 -10 M, 10 -11 M, or 10 -12 M and binds to the predetermined antigen with an affinity that is at least two-fold greater than its affinity for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined antigen or a closely related antigen.
  • a non-specific antigen e.g., BSA, casein
  • the term “inhibit” or “inhibition of” means to reduce by a measurable amount, or to prevent entirely.
  • the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a drug effective to treat a disease or disorder in a mammal. In the case of cancer, the therapeutically effective amount of a drug may reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent or stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent or stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and/or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer.
  • the drug may inhibit growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.
  • efficacy can, for example, be measured by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and/or determining the response rate (RR).
  • TTP time to disease progression
  • RR response rate
  • the term “substantial” or “substantially” refers to a majority, i.e. >50% of a population, of a mixture or a sample, preferably more than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of a population.
  • intracellularly cleaved and “intracellular cleavage” refer to a metabolic process or reaction inside a cell on a ligand drug conjugate (e.g., an antibody drug conjugate (ADC)), whereby the covalent attachment, e.g., the linker, between the drug moiety (D) and the ligand unit (e.g., an antibody (BA or Ab)) is broken, resulting in the free drug, or another metabolite of the conjugate dissociated from the antibody inside the cell.
  • ADC antibody drug conjugate
  • cytotoxic activity refers to a cell-killing, a cytostatic or an anti-proliferative effect of a drug-linker-ligand conjugate compound or an intracellular metabolite of a drug-linker- ligand conjugate. Cytotoxic activity may be expressed as the IC50 value, which is the concentration (molar or mass) per unit volume at which half the cells survive.
  • cytotoxic agent refers to a substance that inhibits the function of cells and/or causes destruction of cells.
  • the term is intended to include radioactive isotopes (e.g., 211At, 131I, 125I, 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, 153Sm, 212Bi, 32P, 60C, and radioactive isotopes of Lu), chemotherapeutic agents, and toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, including synthetic analogs and derivatives thereof.
  • cancer and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition or disorder in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth.
  • a “tumor” comprises one or more cancerous cells.
  • an “autoimmune disease” herein is a disease or disorder arising from and directed against an individual’s own tissues or proteins.
  • a “patient” or “subject” include, but are not limited to, mammals such as a human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, pig, goat, cow, horse, dog, or cat, and birds or fowl. In an embodiment, the patient is a human.
  • beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable.
  • Treatment can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment.
  • Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder.
  • the term “treating” includes any or all of inhibiting growth of tumor cells, cancer cells, or of a tumor, inhibiting replication of tumor cells or cancer cells, lessening of overall tumor burden or decreasing the number of cancerous cells, and ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with the disease.
  • the term “treating” includes any or all of inhibiting replication of cells associated with an autoimmune disease state including, but not limited to, cells that produce an autoimmune antibody, lessening the autoimmune-antibody burden, and ameliorating one or more symptoms of an autoimmune disease.
  • the indefinite articles “a” and “an” and the definite article “the” include the plural as well as single referents, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
  • the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in connection with amounts, or weight percentage of ingredients of a composition mean an amount or weight percent that is recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide a pharmacological effect equivalent to that obtained from the specified amount or weight percent.
  • the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in connection with a numeric value or range of values that is provided to characterize a particular solid form e.g., a specific temperature or temperature range, such as, for example, that describes a melting, dehydration, desolvation, or glass transition temperature; a mass change, such as, for example, a mass change as a function of temperature or humidity; a solvent or water content, in terms of, for example, mass or a percentage; or a peak position, such as, for example, in analysis by, for example, IR or Raman spectroscopy or XRPD; indicate that the value or range of values may deviate to an extent deemed reasonable to one of ordinary skill in the art while still
  • Techniques for characterizing crystal forms and amorphous solids include, but are not limited to, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, vibrational spectroscopy, e.g., infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, solid-state and solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, hot stage optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron crystallography and quantitative analysis, particle size analysis (PSA), surface area analysis, solubility studies, and dissolution studies.
  • TGA thermal gravimetric analysis
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • XRPD X-ray powder diffractometry
  • IR infrared
  • Raman spectroscopy solid-state and solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • optical microscopy hot stage optical microscopy
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in this context, indicate that the numeric value or range of values may vary within 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.25% of the recited value or range of values.
  • the value of an XRPD peak position may vary by up to ⁇ 0.2o 2 ⁇ while still describing the particular XRPD peak.
  • the term “inclusive,” when used in reference to range includes the endpoints of the range. For example, if n is an integer from 0 to 4, n may be any of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • alkyl group is a saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated straight chain or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, typically from 1 to 8 carbons or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Representative alkyl groups include -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -n-butyl, -n-pentyl, and n-hexyl; saturated branched alkyls include -isopropyl, -sec-butyl, -isobutyl, -tert-butyl, -isopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl and the like.
  • An alkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • alkyl groups described herein when they are said to be “substituted,” they may be substituted with any substituent or substituents as those found in the compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro); hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonato; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfonyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aralkoxyamine; N-oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone;
  • an “alkenyl” group is a straight chain or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, typically from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and including at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • Representative straight chain and branched (C2-C8)alkenyls include -vinyl, -allyl, - 1-butenyl, -2-butenyl, -isobutylenyl, -1-pentenyl, -2-pentenyl, -3-methyl-1-butenyl, -2-methyl-2- butenyl, -2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, -1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, -3-hexenyl, -1-heptenyl, -2-heptenyl, -3- heptenyl, -1-octenyl, -2-octenyl, 3-octenyl and the like.
  • a “cycloalkyl” group is a saturated or a partially saturated cyclic alkyl group of from 3 to 10 carbon atoms having a single cyclic ring or multiple condensed or bridged rings which can be optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 alkyl groups.
  • the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring members, whereas in other embodiments the number of ring carbon atoms ranges from 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 3 to 7.
  • Such cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, single ring structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 1- methylcyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylcyclooctyl, and the like, or multiple or bridged ring structures such as adamantyl and the like.
  • Examples of unsaturated cycloalkyl groups include cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexadienyl, butadienyl, pentadienyl, and hexadienyl, among others.
  • a cycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Such substituted cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, cyclohexanone and the like.
  • An “aryl” group is an aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl). In some embodiments, aryl groups contain 6 to 14 carbons, and in others from 6 to 12 or even 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring portions of the groups. Particular aryls include phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl and the like.
  • aryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • aryl groups also includes groups containing fused rings, such as fused aromatic-aliphatic ring systems (e.g., indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like).
  • An “arylene” group is a bivalent aryl group as defined herein.
  • a “heteroaryl” group is an aryl ring system having one to four heteroatoms as ring atoms in a heteroaromatic ring system, wherein the remainder of the atoms are carbon atoms.
  • heteroaryl groups contain 5 to 6 ring atoms, and in others from 6 to 9 or 6 to 10 atoms in the ring portions of the groups. Suitable heteroatoms include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl ring system is monocyclic or bicyclic.
  • Non- limiting examples include, but are not limited to, groups such as pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl (for example, isobenzofuran-1,3- diimine), indolyl, azaindolyl (for example, pyrrolopyridyl or 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridyl), indazolyl, benzimidazolyl (for example, 1H-benzo[d]imidazolyl), imidazopyridyl (for example, azabenzimidazolyl, 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyr
  • a “heteroarylene” group is a bivalent heteroaryl group as defined herein.
  • a “heterocyclyl” is an aromatic (also referred to as heteroaryl) or non-aromatic cycloalkyl in which one to four of the ring carbon atoms are independently replaced with a heteroatom from the group consisting of O, S and N.
  • heterocyclyl groups include 3 to 10 ring members, whereas other such groups have 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 3 to 8 ring members.
  • Heterocyclyls can also be bonded to other groups at any ring atom (i.e., at any carbon atom or heteroatom of the heterocyclic ring).
  • heterocyclyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • Heterocyclyl groups encompass unsaturated, partially saturated, and saturated ring systems, such as, for example, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, and imidazolidinyl groups.
  • the term “heterocyclyl” includes fused ring species, including those comprising fused aromatic and non-aromatic groups, such as, for example, benzotriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[l,4]dioxinyl, and benzo[l,3]dioxolyl.
  • the term also includes bridged polycyclic ring systems containing a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, quinuclidyl.
  • heterocyclyl group examples include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl (for example, tetrahydro-2H
  • substituted heterocyclyl groups may be mono-substituted or substituted more than once, such as, but not limited to, pyridyl or morpholinyl groups, which are 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-substituted, or disubstituted with various substituents such as those listed below
  • a “cycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-cycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are defined above.
  • Substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the cycloalkyl, or both the alkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of the group.
  • Representative cycloalkylalkyl groups include but are not limited to cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclohexylethyl, and cyclohexylpropyl.
  • Representative substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be mono-substituted or substituted more than once.
  • An “aralkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-aryl, wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. Substituted aralkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the aryl, or both the alkyl and the aryl portions of the group.
  • aralkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl and phenethyl groups and fused (cycloalkylaryl)alkyl groups such as 4-ethyl-indanyl.
  • a “heterocyclylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-heterocyclyl, wherein alkyl and heterocyclyl are defined above. Substituted heterocyclylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the heterocyclyl, or both the alkyl and the heterocyclyl portions of the group.
  • heterocyclylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, 4-ethyl-morpholinyl, 4- propylmorpholinyl, furan-2-yl methyl, furan-3-yl methyl, pyrdine-3-yl methyl, (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)methyl, (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl methyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl ethyl, and indol-2-yl propyl.
  • a “halogen” is chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro.
  • haloalkyl refers to alkyl, as defined above, wherein the alkyl includes at least one substituent selected from a halogen, for example, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).
  • haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, -CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 3 , –CCl 2 F, and –CCl 3 .
  • haloalkoxy refers to alkoxy, as defined above, wherein the alkoxy includes at least one substituent selected from a halogen, e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I.
  • alkylaryl refers to a monovalent moiety that is a radical of an aryl compound, wherein the aryl compound is substituted with an alkyl substituent, i.e., the aryl compound includes a single bond to an alkyl group and wherein the radical is localized on the aryl group.
  • An alkylaryl group bonds to the illustrated chemical structure via the aryl group.
  • alkylaryl can be represented by the structure, e.g., -B-CH 3 , -B-CH 2 -CH 3 , -B-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -B- CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -B-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -CH 3 , -B-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-CH 3 , wherein B is an aromatic moiety, e.g., phenyl.
  • Alkylaryl is optionally substituted, i.e., the aryl group and/or the alkyl group, can be substituted as disclosed herein. Examples of alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluyl.
  • aryloxy refers to a monovalent moiety that is a radical of an aromatic compound wherein the ring atoms are carbon atoms and wherein the ring is substituted with an oxygen radical, i.e., the aromatic compound includes a single bond to an oxygen atom and wherein the radical is localized on the oxygen atom, e.g., C 6 H 5 -O-, for phenoxy.
  • Aryloxy substituents bond to the compound which they substitute through this oxygen atom. Aryloxy is optionally substituted.
  • Aryloxy includes, but is not limited to, those radicals having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C 6-20 aryloxy; 6 to 15 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C 6-15 aryloxy, and 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C 6-10 aryloxy.
  • aryloxy moieties include, but are not limited to phenoxy, naphthoxy, and anthroxy.
  • An “amino” group is a radical of the formula NH 2 .
  • a “hydroxyl amine” group is a radical of the formula N(R # )OH or NHOH, wherein R # is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl group as defined herein.
  • R # is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl group as defined herein.
  • An “alkoxyamine” group is a radical of the formula -N(R # )O-alkyl or -NHO-alkyl, wherein R # is as defined above.
  • An “aralkoxyamine” group is a radical of the formula N(R # )O-aryl or NHOaryl, wherein R # is as defined above.
  • An “N-oxide” group is a radical of the formula -N + -O-.
  • a “hydrazine” group is a radical of the formula -N(R # )N(R # ) 2 , -NHN(R # ) 2 , -N(R # )NH(R # ), -N(R # )NH 2 , -NHNH(R # ) 2 , or -NHNH 2 , wherein each R # is independently as defined above.
  • An “azide” group is a radical of the formula -N 3 .
  • a “cyanate” group is a radical of the formula OCN.
  • a “thiocyanate” group is a radical of the formula SCN.
  • a “thioether” group is a radical of the formula -S(R # ), wherein R # is as defined above.
  • a “sulfonylamino” group is a radical of the formula -NHSO 2 (R # ) or -N(alkyl)SO 2 (R # ), wherein each alkyl and R # are defined above.
  • a “phosphine” group is a radical of the formula -P(R # ) 2 , wherein each R # is independently as defined above.
  • substituents are those found in the compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro); alkyl; hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonate; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfinyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aralkoxyamine; N- oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone; azide; isocyanate; isothiocyanate; cyanate; thiocyanate; oxygen (chloro,
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt(s)” refers to a salt prepared from a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid or base including an inorganic acid or base and an organic acid or base.
  • the term “solvate” means a compound, or a salt thereof, that further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of a solvent bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces. In one embodiment, the solvate is a hydrate.
  • hydrate means a compound, or a salt thereof, that further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
  • prodrug means a compound derivative that can hydrolyze, oxidize, or otherwise react under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide an active compound.
  • prodrugs include, but are not limited to, derivatives and metabolites of a compound that include biohydrolyzable moieties such as biohydrolyzable amides, biohydrolyzable esters, biohydrolyzable carbamates, biohydrolyzable carbonates, biohydrolyzable ureides, and biohydrolyzable phosphate analogues.
  • biohydrolyzable moieties such as biohydrolyzable amides, biohydrolyzable esters, biohydrolyzable carbamates, biohydrolyzable carbonates, biohydrolyzable ureides, and biohydrolyzable phosphate analogues.
  • prodrugs of compounds with carboxyl functional groups are the lower alkyl esters of the carboxylic acid.
  • the carboxylate esters may be formed by esterifying any of the carboxylic acid moieties present on the molecule.
  • Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well-known methods, such as those described by Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 6 th ed. (Donald J. Abraham ed., 2001, Wiley) and Design and Application of Prodrugs (H. Bundgaard ed., 1985, Harwood Academic Publishers Gmfh).
  • the term “stereoisomer” or “stereomerically pure” means one stereoisomer of a compound that is substantially free of other stereoisomers of that compound. For example, a stereomerically pure compound having one chiral center will be substantially free of the opposite enantiomer of the compound.
  • a stereomerically pure compound having two chiral centers will be substantially free of other diastereomers of the compound.
  • a typical stereomerically pure compound comprises greater than about 80% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 20% by weight of other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 90% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 10% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 95% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 5% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, or greater than about 97% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 3% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound.
  • the compounds can have chiral centers and can occur as racemates, individual enantiomers or diastereomers, and mixtures thereof. All such isomeric forms are included within the embodiments disclosed herein, including mixtures thereof. The use of stereomerically pure forms of such compounds, as well as the use of mixtures of those forms, are encompassed by the embodiments disclosed herein. For example, mixtures comprising equal or unequal amounts of the enantiomers of a particular compound may be used in methods and compositions disclosed herein. These isomers may be asymmetrically synthesized or resolved using standard techniques such as chiral columns or chiral resolving agents.
  • the compounds can include E and Z isomers, or a mixture thereof, and cis and trans isomers, or a mixture thereof.
  • the compounds are isolated as either the cis or trans isomer.
  • the compounds are a mixture of the cis and trans isomers.
  • “Tautomers” refers to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. The concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution.
  • pyrazoles may exhibit the following isomeric forms, which are referred to as tautomers of each other: [0110] As readily understood by one skilled in the art, a wide variety of functional groups and other structures may exhibit tautomerism and all tautomers of the compounds are within the scope of the present disclosure. [0111] It should also be noted the compounds can contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms.
  • the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium ( 3 H), iodine-125 ( 125 I), sulfur-35 ( 35 S), or carbon- 14 ( 14 C), or may be isotopically enriched, such as with deuterium ( 2 H), carbon-13 ( 13 C), or nitrogen-15 ( 15 N).
  • an “isotopologue” is an isotopically enriched compound.
  • the term “isotopically enriched” refers to an atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom.
  • “Isotopically enriched” may also refer to a compound containing at least one atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom.
  • isotopic composition refers to the amount of each isotope present for a given atom.
  • Radiolabeled and isotopically enriched compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., cancer and inflammation therapeutic agents, research reagents, e.g., binding assay reagents, and diagnostic agents, e.g., in vivo imaging agents. All isotopic variations of the compounds as described herein, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the embodiments provided herein.
  • isotopologues of the compounds for example, the isotopologues are deuterium, carbon-13, or nitrogen-15 enriched compounds.
  • the term “residue” refers to the chemical moiety within a compound that remains after a chemical reaction.
  • amino acid residue or “N-alkyl amino acid residue” refers to the product of an amide coupling or peptide coupling of an amino acid or a N-alkyl amino acid to a suitable coupling partner; wherein, for example, a water molecule is expelled after the amide or peptide coupling of the amino acid or the N-alkylamino acid, resulting in the product having the amino acid residue or N-alkyl amino acid residue incorporated therein.
  • “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” refers to a carbohydrate moiety which may comprise 3-carbon (those) units, 4-carbon (tetrose) units, 5-carbon (pentose) units, 6-carbon (hexose) units, 7-carbon (heptose) units, or combinations thereof, and may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, a tetrasaccharide, a pentasaccharide, an oligosaccharide, or any other polysaccharide.
  • a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” comprises furanoses (e.g., ribofuranose, fructofuranose) or pyranoses (e.g., glucopyranose, galactopyranose), or a combination thereof.
  • a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” comprises aldoses or ketoses, or a combination thereof.
  • monosaccharides include ribose, deoxyribose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, galactose, and fructose.
  • Non-limiting examples of disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, lactose, lactulose, and trehalose.
  • Other “sugars” or “sugar groups” or “sugar residues” include polysaccharides and/or oligosaccharides, including, but not limited to, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, inulin, and cellulose.
  • a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” is an amino-sugar.
  • a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” is a glucamine residue (1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol) linked to the rest of molecule via its amino group to form an amide linkage with the rest of the molecule (i.e., a glucamide).
  • binding agent refers to any molecule, e.g., antibody, capable of binding with specificity to a given binding partner, e.g., antigen.
  • the proteinogenic amino acids include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
  • non-proteinogenic is meant that either the amino acid is not found naturally in protein or is not directly produced by cellular machinery (e.g., is the product of post-translational modification).
  • Non-limiting examples of non-proteinogenic amino acids include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine (2- aminoethanesulfonic acid), theanine (L- ⁇ -glutamylethylamide), hydroxyproline, beta-alanine, ornithine, and citrulline.
  • GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid
  • taurine (2- aminoethanesulfonic acid
  • theanine L- ⁇ -glutamylethylamide
  • hydroxyproline beta-alanine
  • ornithine citrulline
  • peptide in its various grammatical forms, is defined in its broadest sense to refer to a compound of two or more subunit amino acids, amino acid analogs, or other peptidomimetics. The subunits may be linked by peptide bonds or by other bonds, for example, ester, ether, and the like.
  • amino acid refers to either natural and/or unnatural, proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic, or synthetic amino acids, including glycine and both the D and L optical isomers, and amino acid analogs and peptidomimetics. If the peptide chain is short, e.g., two, three or more amino acids, it is commonly called an oligopeptide. If the peptide chain is longer, the peptide is typically called a polypeptide or a protein. Full-length proteins, analogs, mutants, and fragments thereof are encompassed by the definition. The terms also include post-expression modifications of the polypeptide, for example, glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and the like.
  • a particular peptide may be obtained as an acidic or basic salt, or in neutral form.
  • a peptide may be obtained directly from the source organism or may be recombinantly or synthetically produced.
  • the amino acid sequence of an antibody can be numbered using any known numbering schemes, including those described by Kabat et al., (“Kabat” numbering scheme); Al-Lazikani et al., 1997, J. Mol. Biol., 273:927-948 (“Chothia” numbering scheme); MacCallum et al., 1996, J. Mol.
  • Biol.262:732-745 (“Contact” numbering scheme); Lefranc et al., Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2003, 27:55-77 (“IMGT” numbering scheme); and Honegge and Pluckthun, J. Mol. Biol., 2001, 309:657-70 (“AHo” numbering scheme).
  • IMGT Lefranc et al., Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2003, 27:55-77
  • AHo Honegge and Pluckthun, J. Mol. Biol., 2001, 309:657-70
  • the numbering scheme used herein is the Kabat numbering scheme. However, selection of a numbering scheme is not intended to imply differences in sequences where they do not exist, and one of skill in the art can readily confirm a sequence position by examining the amino acid sequence of one or more antibodies.
  • the “EU numbering scheme” is generally used when referring to a residue in an antibody heavy chain constant region (e.g., as reported in Kabat et al., supra).
  • the term “cell-killing activity” refers to the activity that decreases or reduces the cell viability of the tested cell line.
  • the platform is a conjugator-linker-payload compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue, thereof, wherein each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg):
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), or (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IId), or (IIg).
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIg).
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IId), and ring B is formula (IId).
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIb), and ring B is formula (IIa). [0126] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIb). [0127] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIa). [0128] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIc), and ring B is formula (IIb).
  • r is 3 or 5. [0130] In some embodiments, formula (IIa) is (IIa1). [0131] In some embodiments, formula (IId) is (IId1). [0132] In some embodiments, formula (IIg) is (IIg1). [0133] In some embodiments, ring A is
  • ring A is formula (IIa)
  • m1 in ring A is 1
  • ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg).
  • formula (IIc) is formula (IIc1), formula (IIc2), or formula (IIc3): (IIc1); and (IIc2) or (IIc3).
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -.
  • r is 3 or 5.
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) p -O-(CH 2 ) q - or -(CH 2 ) p -NH-(CH 2 ) q -.
  • the sum of p and q is 4.
  • ring A when s1 is 0, ring A has formula (IIa’), (IIb’), (IIc’), (IId’), (IIe’), (IIf’), or (IIg’): wherein R 10 is, independently, H, OH, or C 1-4 alkyl, and the other variables (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , m1, n1, o1) are as defined above with respect to Aspect 1. [0151] In some embodiments, s1 is 1. [0152] In some embodiments, j is 0 and k is 0. [0153] In some embodiments, Cleavable 1 is formula (VIx), j is 1, and k is 1.
  • Cleavable2 is [0155] In some embodiments, Cleavable2 is (VIIa1-1). [0156] In some embodiments, Cleavable2 is (VIId4-1). [0157] In some embodiments, the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1-1), VIId1-1), and (VIId4-1) is unsubstituted by R 11 . [0158] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is , , , or , wherein each m is independently 0 or 1 and Ac is acetyl. [0159] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is or . [0160] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is .
  • Conjugator is formula (III). [0168] In some embodiments, U2 is arylene. [0169] In some embodiments, U2 is phenylene. [0170] In some embodiments, U2 is . [0171] In some embodiments, U2 is heteroarylene. [0172] In some embodiments, U2 is a bivalent pyrimidine ring. [0173] In some embodiments, U2 is , or . [0174] In some embodiments, U2 is a bond. [0175] In some embodiments, V2 is a bond. [0176] In some embodiments, V2 is -C ⁇ C-(CH 2 ) n -.
  • V2 is -C ⁇ C-(CH 2 )3-.
  • Conjugator is .
  • Conjugator is formula (V).
  • RG4 is , , , , , or .
  • RG4 is or .
  • t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
  • s4 is 0.
  • RE4 is a bond or -O-.
  • Conjugator is or .
  • Conjugator is formula (IV).
  • RG3 is or .
  • RS3 is NH 2 or -N(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • RE3 is a bond.
  • RE3 is -O-.
  • t3 is 2.
  • s3 is 0.
  • Conjugator is .
  • Aspect 2 [0198]
  • the platform is a conjugator-linker-payload compound of Formula (IA):
  • each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formulas (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg): wherein ring C is, independently, a cyclopropyl ring or a cyclobutyl ring; each R 1 is, independently, H, OH, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyl or -O-(CH 2 CH 2 O) t1 -CH 3 ; each R 2 is, independently, H or C 1-4 alkyl; each R 3 and R 4 , is, independently, H, NR a1 R b1 , OH, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; wherein R a1 and R b1
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), or (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IId), or (IIg).
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIg).
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IId), and ring B is formula (IId).
  • Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIb), and ring B is formula (IIa). [0203] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIb). [0204] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIa). [0205] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH 2 ) r -, ring A is formula (IIc), and ring B is formula (IIb).
  • r is 3 or 5.
  • formula (IIa) is (IIa1).
  • formula (IId) is (IId1).
  • formula (IIg) is (IIg1).
  • ring A is [0211]
  • ring B is [0212]
  • ring A is formula (IIa)
  • m1 in ring A is 2
  • ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg).
  • ring A is formula (IIa)
  • m1 in ring A is 1
  • ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg).
  • formula (IIc) is formula (IIc1), formula (IIc2), or formula (IIc3): (IIc1); (IIc2), or (IIc3).
  • Linker1 is . [0216] In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is 2. [0217] In some embodiments, s1 is 0. [0218] In some embodiments, s1 is 1. [0219] In some embodiments, j is 0 and k is 0. [0220] In some embodiments, Cleavable 1 is formula (VIx), j is 1, and k is 1. [0221] In some embodiments, Cleavable2 is [0222] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is , , , or , wherein each m is independently 0 or 1 and Ac is acetyl. [0223] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is or .
  • the Sugar moiety is .
  • HG is , , , or , wherein e is 0, 1 or 2, and Ac is acetyl.
  • the Linker2 is: .
  • Spacer is ### -NH-(CH 2 CH 2 O) m2 -CH 2 CH 2 -C( ⁇ O)-, or ### - NH-(CH 2 CH 2 O) m2 -CH 2 -C( ⁇ O)-.
  • m2 is 4.
  • the compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or isotopologue thereof is selected from: (2-3);
  • Aspect 3 Provided herein are ligand-drug conjugates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein the conjugate comprises a ligand that is conjugated to a compound provided herein via Conjugator or , wherein the conjugate has the following formula: Ligand-[Formula (I)]x or Ligand-[Formula (IA)]x wherein x is from about 1 to about 12, and wherein Formula (I) is as described above with reference to Aspect 1 and Formula (IA) is as described above with reference to Aspect 2. [0233] In one embodiment, x is from about 1 to about 10. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.5 to about 10. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.5 to about 8.
  • x is from about 1.5 to about 6. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.5 to about 4. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.8 to about 4. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.8 to about 2.5. In one embodiment, x is about 2. [0234] In some embodiments, the ligand is a humanized, monoclonal, chimeric, or a human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. [0235] In some embodiments, the ligand is conjugated to the compound provided herein via the moiety of the compound. [0236] In some embodiments, the conjugate has the following formula
  • Ab is a humanized, monoclonal, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, and values for the remaining variables (e.g., Cap, k, Linker3, j, Cleavable 1, s1, ring A, Linker1, ring B, Cleavable 2, Linker 2, Spacer, RE4, t4) are as described herein.
  • Ab is a humanized, a monoclonal, a chimeric, or a human antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof which binds to one or more of receptors chosen from B7- H3, cytokeratin 15, PTK7, HER3, HER2, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD46, CD70, CD71, CD74, CD79b, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD166, CD205, CD228, CCR2, CA6, p-Cadherin, CEA, CEACAM5, C4.4a, DLL3, EGFR, EGFRVIII, ENPP3, EphA2, EphrinA, FLOR1, FGFR2, GCC, cKIT, LIV1, LY6E, MSLN, MUC16, NaPi2b, Nectin4, gpNMB, PSMA, SLITRK6, STEAP1, TROP2, 5T
  • Ab is an anti-CD74 antibody. In one embodiment, Ab is the anti- CD74 antibody STRO-001. [0239] In some embodiments, the conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or isotopologue thereof, is ,
  • the conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or isotopologue thereof is
  • Methods of Making the Conjugates [0241] Provided herein are methods of preparing a conjugate by contacting a binding agent (also referred to herein as Ab, BA, ligand, antibody) with a conjugator-linker-payload compound (platform) under conditions suitable for forming a bond between the binding agent and the conjugator-linker-payload compound.
  • the reaction conditions may be any suitable reaction conditions known in the art.
  • the binding agent may be an antibody and the bond may form an antibody-drug conjugate.
  • Examples of such reactions are provided in the Examples below.
  • methods of making a conjugate including treating or contacting a compound with a binding agent under coupling conditions.
  • the compound may include a reactive linker bonded to at least one payload.
  • compositions including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising an ADC set forth herein.
  • the compositions e.g., pharmaceutical compositions
  • the compositions further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the present disclosure can be prepared by mixing an antibody drug conjugate having the desired degree of purity with one or more optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980)), in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are generally nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include, but are not limited to, buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3- pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arg
  • Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable carriers herein further include interstitial drug dispersion agents such as soluble neutral-active hyaluronidase glycoproteins (sHASEGP), for example, human soluble PH-20 hyaluronidase glycoproteins, such as rHuPH20 (HYLENEX®, Baxter International, Inc.).
  • sHASEGP soluble neutral-active hyaluronidase glycoproteins
  • rHuPH20 HYLENEX®, Baxter International, Inc.
  • Certain exemplary sHASEGPs and methods of use, including rHuPH20 are described in US Patent Nos. US 7,871,607 and 2006/0104968.
  • a sHASEGP is combined with one or more additional glycosaminoglycanases such as chondroitinases.
  • conjugates disclosed herein can be administered by any suitable means, including parenteral, intrapulmonary, and intranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, intralesional administration.
  • Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration.
  • Dosing can be by any suitable route, e.g., by injection, such as intravenous or subcutaneous injection, depending in part on whether the administration is brief or chronic.
  • Various dosing schedules including but not limited to, single or multiple administrations over various time-points, bolus administration, and pulse infusion are contemplated herein.
  • Conjugates of the disclosure can be formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners.
  • LC/MS data was recorded by using Agilent1100,1200 High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (LC- MSD Trap) equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) detected at 214 nm and 254 nm, and an ion trap (ESI source). All compound names except the reagents were generated by ChemDraw ® 18.0.
  • Method A Mobile phase A: 0.1% FA in water, B: MeCN; Gradient: 10%B maintain 0.2 min, 10% - 95%B, 5.8 min, 95%B maintain 0.5 min; Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min; Column: ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C181.7 ⁇ m.
  • Method B Mobile phase A: 0.1% FA in water, B: MeCN; Gradient: 10%B maintain 0.5 min, 10% - 90%B, 2.5 min, 90%B maintain 0.2 min; Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min; Column: ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C181.7 ⁇ m.
  • Step 1 allyl((S)-1-(((S)-1-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)- 3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-2b) [0255] EEDQ (4.77 g, 19.3 mmol) was added to the solution of Int-2a(5 g, 18.4 mmol) and (4- aminophenyl)methanol (2.37 g, 19.3 mmol) in 100 mL dry THF.
  • Step 2 (S)-2-amino-N-((S)-1-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-3- methylbutanamide (Int-2c) [0257] Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (76.6 mg, 0.066 mmol) was added to a solution of Int-2b (500 mg, 1.33 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) and pyrrolidine (270.8 ⁇ L, 3.31 mmol) at r.t. under N2. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 0.5 h at r.t.
  • Step 3 (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl ((17S,20S)-21-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-17- isopropyl-20-methyl-15,18,21-trioxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-16,19-diazahenicosyl)carbamate (Int-2) [0259] DIEA (326 mg, 2.52 mmol) was added to the solution of Int-2c(370 mg, 1.26 mmol) and HATU (575.8 mg, 1.51 mmol) in 4 mL dry DMF. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 10 min.
  • Step 2 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-amino-3-(benzyloxy)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (Int-8d4)
  • Et2NH 125 mg, 1.70 mmol
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-((S)-2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-3- methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (Int-8d6)
  • Int-8d6 [0265] To a solution of compound Int-8d4 (174 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) were added compound Int-8d5 (103 mg, 0.41 mmol), HATU (168 mg, 0.44 mmol) and DIEA (88 mg, 0.68 mmol).
  • Step 4 N-(L-valyl)-O-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-L-serine (Int-8d7) [0267] To a solution of compound Int-8d6 (230 mg, 0.31 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd/C (10%, 23 mg). The mixture was stirred at r.t. under H 2 (15 psi) for 1 h.
  • Step 5 N-(acetyl-L-valyl)-O-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-L-serine (Int-8d) [0269] To a solution of compound Int-8d7 (161 mg, 0.31 mmol) in AcOH (3 mL) was added Ac2O (316 mg, 3.09 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h.
  • Step 1 (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (15-((2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-nitrophenyl)amino)-15-oxo- 3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecyl)carbamate (Int-8b) [0271] To a solution of Int-8a (762 mg, 4.51 mmol, purchase from bidepharm) and Int-2d (2.01 g, 4.1 mmol, purchase from bidepharm) in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2 /THF(30/3 mL) was added EEDQ (1.52 g, 6.15 mmol), the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 24 h.
  • Step 2 (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (15-((5-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-15-oxo- 3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecyl)carbamate (Int-8c) [0273] The Int-8b (1.79 g, 2.81 mmol) and PtO 2 (64 mg, 0.28 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (20 mL), the mixture was stirred at H 2 atmosphere at r.t. for 2 h.
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3,19-dioxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4,20-diazatricosan-23-amido)-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (Int-8) [0275] To a solution of Int-8c (476 mg, 0.78 mmol) and Int-8d (400 mg, 0.71 mmol) in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2 (10mL) was added EEDQ (226 mg, 0.93 mmol), the mixture was stirred at r.t.
  • Step 1 (S)-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(5-methoxy-2-nitro-4- ((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)methanone (Int-9b) [0277] To a mixture of Int-9a (1.0 g, 2.71 mmol), HOPO (452 mg, 4.07 mmol) and CH 2 Cl 2 (15 mL) were added EDCI (780 mg, 4.07 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 10 min.
  • Step 2 (S)-(3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(5- methoxy-2-nitro-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)methanone (Int-9c) [0279] To a solution of Int-9b (1.1 g, 2.14 mmol), imidazole (291 mg, 4.28 mmol) and CH 2 Cl 2 (20 mL) were added dry TBSCl (484 mg, 3.21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t.
  • Step 3 (S)-(3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(4- hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)methanone (Int-9d) [0281] To a solution of Int-9c (780 mg, 1.21 mmol), DMF (10 mL) and H 2 O (380 ⁇ L) were added LiOAc (80 mg, 1.21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was diluted with water (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (20 mL * 2).
  • Step 4 (S)-(3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(4- ((5-iodopentyl)oxy)-5-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)methanone (Int-9) [0283] To a solution of Int-9d (594 mg, 1.26 mmol), 1,5-diiodopentane (936 ⁇ L, 6.29 mmol) and DMF (5 mL) were added K2CO 3 (523 mg, 3.78 mmol). The mixture stirred at r.t. overnight.
  • Step 1 allyl (S)-(2-(6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-4-methoxy-5-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)carbamate (Int-10b) [0285] To a 0 °C solution of Int-10a (1.0 g, 1.78 mmol) and CH 2 Cl 2 (15 mL) were added pyridine (158 ⁇ L, 1.96 mmol). Then AllocCl (227 ⁇ L, 2.14 mmol) was added to the mixture.
  • Step 2 allyl (S)-(2-(6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-10c) [0287] Int-10c (490 mg, 58.8% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 3 of example Int-9. MS (ESI) m/z: 491.4 [M+H] + .
  • Step 3 allyl (5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-10d) [0289] To a solution of Int-9 (642 mg, 0.961 mmol), Int-10c (471 mg, 0.961 mmol) and DMF (15 mL) were added K 2 CO 3 (398 mg, 2.88 mmol).
  • Step 4 allyl (5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-10) [0291] To a solution of Zn (63 mg, 0.97 mmol), EtOH (2 mL), AcOH (150 ⁇ L) and H 2 O (150 ⁇ L) were stirred at r.t.10 min.
  • Step 1 Allyl (S)-(2-(6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxy-5- ((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)carbamate (Int-12a)
  • para-Toluenesulfonic acid hydrate e (417 mg, 2.19 mmol) was added to a solution of Int- 10b (2360 mg, 3.65 mmol) in THF (40 mL) and water (2 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 h at 22 °C. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (80 mL), washed with water and brine.
  • Step 2 allyl (S)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-8-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)-carboxylate (Int-12b) [0295] DIAD (1.14 mL, 5.75 mmol) was added to a solution of Int-12a (1.53 g, 2.87 mmol) and PPh3 (2.26 g, 8.62 mmol) in THF (30 mL).
  • Step 3 allyl (S)-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)-carboxylate (Int-12) [0297] LiOAc (121 mg, 1.83 mmol) was added to a solution of Int-12b (940 mg, 1.83 mmol) in wet DMF (15 mL, 49/1 DMF/water). The reaction was allowed to proceed for 2 h at 25 °C. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with H 2 O and brine twice.
  • Step 1 allyl (S)-8-((5-(4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (Int-13b) [0299] Int-12 (450 mg, 1.26 mmol) and K 2 CO 3 (226 mg, 1.63 mmol) was added to a solution of Int-13a (818 mg, 1.32 mmol) in 1 mL DMF.
  • Step 2 allyl (S)-8-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a- dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (Int-13) [0301] Zinc powder (2.65 g, 38.3 mmol) was added to a mixture of ethanol (10 mL), water (0.625 mL) and AcOH (0.625 mL) at 0 °C.
  • Step 2 (S)-3-((5-iodopentyl)oxy)-2-methoxy-7,12-dihydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2- b]isoquinolin-14(6aH)-one (Int-16) [0307] Int-16b (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) and 1,5-diiodopentane (0.12 mL, 0.81 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMF (0.5 mL). The solution was cooled to 0 °C, K 2 CO 3 (45 mg, 0.32 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was warmed to r.t. and stirred at r.t. for 6 h.
  • Step 1 allyl (S)-(5-((3-(bromomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-(6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-17a) [0310] To a mixture of Int-12 (1.20 g, 2.4 mmol) and 1,3-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (3.2 g, 12.2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added K2CO 3 (371.8 mg, 2.690 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h.
  • Step 2 tert-butyl (S)-(2-(6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane- 5-carbonyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate
  • Int-17b [0312] A mixture of Int-14b (447 mg, 1.10 mmol) and Boc 2 O (249.1 mg, 1.43 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL) was stirred at 70 °C for 20 h.
  • Step 3 allyl (5-((3-((5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-17c) [0315] To a mixture of Int-17b (480 mg, 0.95 mmol) and Int-17a (637 mg, 0.95 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added K 2 CO 3 (157 mg, 1.14 mmol) was added.
  • Step 4 allyl (5-((3-((5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-17) [0318] To a solution of Int-17c (711 mg, 0.647 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) was added TBSOTf (312 ⁇ L, 359.0 mg, 1.36 mmol) at 0 °C then stirred at the same temperature for 1 h then 2,6- lutidine (395 ⁇ L, 364 mg, 3.40 mmol) was added.
  • Step 1 2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)- 4-nitrobenzyl acetate (Int-20c) [0320] To a solution of Int-20a (0.50 g, 2.09 mmol), HATU (0.95 g, 2.51 mmol) and DIPEA (728 ⁇ L, 4.18 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added Int-20b (0.84 g, 2.51 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 20 min. The mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc.
  • Step 2 tert-butyl (1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-nitrophenyl)-1-oxo-5,8,11,14-tetraoxa-2- azahexadecan-16-yl)carbamate (Int-20d) [0322] To a solution of Int-20c (1.16 g, 2.10 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added K 2 CO 3 (0.29 g, 2.10 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 5 min. The mixture was quenched with aqueous NH4Cl and partitioned between water and EtOAc.
  • Step 3 tert-butyl (1-(5-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-1-oxo-5,8,11,14-tetraoxa-2- azahexadecan-16-yl)carbamate (Int-20e) [0324] To a solution of Int-20d (0.92 g, 1.78 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) was added PtO 2 (138 mg, 15% w/w). The mixture was stirred at r.t.
  • Step 4 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-((2,2- dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)-4- (hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5- triyl triacetate (Int-20) [0326] To a solution of Int-20e (0.72 g, 1.48 mmol) and Int-8d (1.20 g, 1.78 mmol) in dry CH 2 Cl 2 /DMF (10/0.5 mL) was added EEDQ (0.73 g, 2.97 mmol).
  • Step 14 ((21S,24S)-1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-11- hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-5,11a-dihydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methyl-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate (Ref-2-1)
  • Ref-2-1a (10 mg, 0.01 mmol) in 0.5 mL DMF was added to the mixture at 0 °C and the reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h.
  • the mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5 ⁇ m 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (no formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min, the fraction was lyophilized to give Ref-2-1 (2.5 mg, 17.1% yield) as a white solid.
  • Step 1 (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl tert-butyl (5-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)- 21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert- butyl)-5-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)- 21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19
  • Step 2 tert-butyl (5-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Ref-2-2b) [0337] para-Toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (40 mg, 0.21 mmol) was added to
  • Step 3 4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19,22-trioxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)- 10-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro- 1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2- methylene-5-oxo-2,3,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine
  • Step 4 4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19,22-trioxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate (Ref-2-2d) [0341] Ref-2-2
  • Step 5 4-((17S,20S)-1-amino-17-isopropyl-20-methyl-15,18-dioxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa- 16,19-diazahenicosan-21-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate (Ref-2-2e) [0343] To a solution of crude Ref-2-2d (18 mg, 0.013 m
  • Step 6 4-((21S,24S)-1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-11- hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)
  • Step 1 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-(5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-2a) [0347] To a mixture of Int-3 (700 mg, 0.73 mmol) (Int-3 was synthesized according to procedures described in Org.
  • Step 2 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-2-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-2b) [0349] A solution of 2-2a (784 mg, 0.55 mmol) in hexafluoro isopropanol (8 mL) in a sealed tube was heated to 80 °C for 4 days.
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((2-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-5-((5-(4-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbony
  • Step 4 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((2-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)- 5-((5-(4-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-(((4- (((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)penty
  • Step 5 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-10-((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-2,3,5,10,11,11a- hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)penty
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene- 5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexa
  • Step 2 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-4b) [0363] To a solution of 2-4a (140 mg, 0.095 mmol
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyl
  • Step 4 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline- 2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5
  • Step 1 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4-
  • Step 2 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo
  • Step 4 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- ((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19- amido)-4-((((6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro- 1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl
  • Step 2 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14-oxo- 5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methyl)phenyl
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-(((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14- oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)- 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-
  • Step 4 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-(((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14- oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)- 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-
  • Step 5 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-3-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-
  • Step 6 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5- (((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- ((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19- amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benz
  • Step 1 allyl (S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6a,7,12,14- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-11,11a- dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (2-13a) [0403] Int-16 (148 mg, 0.29 mmol) and Int-12 (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) was mixed in dry DMF (1 mL).
  • Step 2 (S)-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-7,12- dihydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-14(6aH)-one (13b) [0405] To a solution of 2-13a (160 mg, 0.2 mmol) in 2 mL CH 2 Cl 2 was added Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (5 mg, cat.) and pyrrolidine (45.8 ⁇ L, 0.037 mmol) at 0 °C.
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6a,7,12,14- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)
  • reaction solution was concentrated, filtrated, and purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5 ⁇ m 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B- acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-13c as a white solid after lyophilization (35 mg, 18% yield).
  • Step 4 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)a
  • Step 5 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)-4-(((S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo- 5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino
  • reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5 ⁇ m 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2- 13e as a white solid after lyophilization (8 mg, 33% yield).
  • Step 6 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- ((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19- amido)-4-(((S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[
  • reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h.
  • the reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5 ⁇ m 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-13 as a white solid after lyophilization (2.1 mg, 32.4% yield).
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((3-((4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyl
  • Step 4 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-(((5-((3-((4-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-(((5-(
  • Step 5 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-8-((3-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-10-((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cycl
  • Step 6 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((3-((((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan
  • reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5 ⁇ m 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2- 15d as a white solid after lyophilization (16 mg, 38% yield).
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((3-((((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,
  • reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h.
  • the reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5 ⁇ m 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-15 as a white solid after lyophilization (6.1 mg, 37% yield).
  • Step 2 Allyl (S)-8-((3-((5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (2-16b) [0433] To a solution of Int-14b (243 mg, 0.60 mmol) in DMF (6.5 mL) were added t-BuOK (69 mg, 0.60 mmol) on ice-bath and stirred for 0.5 h.
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((2S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-(((5-((3-((((3aR)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-8-methoxy-10- oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-7- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptan
  • Step 4 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((2S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-(((5-((3-((((3aR)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-8-methoxy-10- oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-7- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)car
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((2S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((11S,11aS)-8-((3-((((3aR)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-8-methoxy-10-oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a- hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-7- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,
  • Step 8 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((2S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((3- ((((3aR)-8-methoxy-10-oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine- 2,1'-cyclopropan]-7-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,
  • Step 9 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((2S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- ((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19- amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((3-((((3aR)-8-methoxy-10-oxo- 3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-7- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy
  • Step 2 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-4b) [0451] To a solution of 2-4a (140 mg, 0.095 mmol
  • Step 3 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)
  • Step 4 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(hydroxy
  • Step 5 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- 3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,
  • Step 6 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]
  • Step 8 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azaoctadecan-18-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-t
  • Step 1 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-(((3-nitro-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5- triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert-
  • Step 2 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline- 2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-(((3-nitro-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl
  • Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-8-((5-(((6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy- 5-((3-nitro-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2- b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)p
  • Step 4 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-(((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((6S,6aS)-5-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6- carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-3-nitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-6-hydroxy- 2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-me
  • Step 5 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]
  • Step 6 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3
  • Step 1 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-(5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-7a) [0477] Compound 2-7a (340 mg, 86.5% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of
  • Step 3 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro
  • Step 4 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-2-methoxy
  • Step 5 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- 3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,
  • Step 6 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cycl
  • Step 8 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azaoctadecan-18-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-t
  • Step 1 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)penty
  • Step 2 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylene
  • Step 3 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- 3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-
  • Step 4 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo- 2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-y
  • Step 5 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo- 2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pent
  • Step 6 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(((R)-7-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl- 4,11-dioxo-3,10,15,18,21,24-hexaoxa-5,12-diazahexacosan-26- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-me
  • Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(((R)-21-amino-20-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-16- oxo-3,6,9,12,17-pentaoxa-15-azahenicosyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,
  • reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h.
  • the reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5 ⁇ m 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-32 as a white solid after lyophilization (4.5 mg, 69.2% yield).
  • Step 1 allyl (S)-8-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a- dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)-
  • Step 2 allyl (S)-8-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)-carboxylate (2-33b) [0525] Para-Tolu
  • Step 3 4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19,22-trioxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10- ((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6,6a,7,12- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5
  • Step 4 4-((17S,20S)-1-amino-17-isopropyl-20-methyl-15,18-dioxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa- 16,19-diazahenicosan-21-amido)benzyl (6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy- 5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6,6a,7,12- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5(14H)-carboxylate (2-33d) [05
  • Step 5 4-((17S,20S)-1-amino-17-isopropyl-20-methyl-15,18-dioxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa- 16,19-diazahenicosan-21-amido)benzyl (6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-5- oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]- 8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-14-oxo-6,6a,7,12-
  • Step 6 4-((21S,24S)-1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (6S,6aS)-6- hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-14-oxo- 6,6a,7,12-tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-
  • Step 1 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azaoctadecan-18-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,
  • Example 2 Antibody drug conjugate preparation and characterization
  • DAR2 antibody drug conjugate preparation Anti-CD74 antibody STRO-001 or isotype antibody CB6 (either, “mAb1”) in reaction buffer (with concentration 0.5-25 mg/mL, 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.0-8.5) was incubated with 1/2000-1/500 w/w (EndoS2/mAb weight ratio) endoS2 under reaction temperature (0-40 °C) for 1-24 h. 2-40 eq.
  • Organic solvent e.g., DMSO, DMF, DMA, PG, acetonitrile, 0-25% v/v
  • linker- payload stock 10-25 eq., 10 mM stock in organic solvent
  • reaction buffer PBS buffer pH 7.0-8.5
  • mAb1-GalNAz 1-20 mg/mL
  • storage buffer for example, pH 5.5-6.5 histidine acetate buffer, with optional additive such as sucrose, trehalose, tween 20, 60, 80).
  • ADC characterization ADCs were characterized via the following analytical methods. SEC purity of all ADCs were > 95 % purity.
  • LCMS analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: LC-MS system: Vanquish Flex UHPLC and Orbitrap Exploris 240 Mass Spectrometer Column: MAbPacTM RP, 2.1*50mm, 4 ⁇ m, 1,500 ⁇ , Thermo ScientificTM Column temperature: 80 °C Mobile phase A: 0.1 % formic acid (FA) aqueous solution Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 % formic acid (FA) Gradient program: 25 %B-25 %B (0 min-2 min), 25 %B-50 %B (2 min-18 min), 50 %B- 90 %B (18 min-18.1 min), 90 %B-90 %B (18.1 min-20 min), 90 %B-25 %B (20 min-20.1 min), 25 %B-25 %B (20.1 min-25 min) Injected sample amount: 1 ⁇ g MS parameters: Intact and denatur
  • HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: Tosoh Bioscience 4.6 ⁇ m ID ⁇ 3.5 cm, 2.5 ⁇ m butyl-nonporous resin column Column temperature: 25 °C Mobile phase A: 1.5 M ammonium sulfate, 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 Mobile phase B: 50 mM phosphate buffer, 25% (V/V) isopropanol, pH 7.0 Gradient program: 0%B-0%B (0 min-2 min), 0%B-100%B (2 min-15 min), 100%B- 100%B (15 min-16 min), 100%B-0%B (16 min-17 min), 0%B-0%B (17 min-20 min) Injected sample amount: 20 ⁇ g [0543] SEC method to determine ADC purity [0544] HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: HPLC system: Waters H-Class UPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm
  • HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: Method 1 HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: Tosoh Bioscience 4.6 ⁇ m ID ⁇ 3.5 cm, 2.5 ⁇ m butyl-nonporous resin column Column temperature: 25°C Mobile phase A: 1.5 M ammonium sulfate, 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 Mobile phase B: 50 mM Phosphate buffer, 25% (V/V) isopropanol, pH 7.0 Gradient program: 0%B-0%B (0 min-2 min), 0%B-100%B (2 min-15 min), 100%B- 100%B (15 min-16 min), 100%B-0%B (16 min-17 min), 0%B-0%B (17 min-20 min) Injected sample amount: 20 ⁇ g Method 2 HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: MABPac H
  • NOMO-1 (purchased from JCRB) is a cell line exhibiting hemo-lymphocytic morphology.
  • the base medium is ATCC-formulated RPMI-1640 Medium, Catalog No. ATCC 30-2001.
  • fetal bovine serum was added to a final concentration of 10% (Gibco, 10099-141C).
  • the cell line was grown in a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere at 37 °C, and was regularly tested for the presence of mycoplasma with MycoAlert TM PLUS Mycoplasma Detection Kit (Lonza, LT07-710).
  • NOMO-1 is a CD74-positive cell line (Table 3). [0557] K562 (ATCC, CCL-243).
  • K562 (purchased from ATCC) is a cell line exhibiting lymphoblast morphology.
  • the base medium for K562 is ATCC-formulated Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium, Catalog No.30-2005.
  • fetal bovine serum was added to a final concentration of 10% (Gibco, 10099-141C).
  • the cell line was grown in a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere at 37 °C, and was regularly tested for the presence of mycoplasma with MycoAlert TM PLUS Mycoplasma Detection Kit (Lonza, LT07-710).
  • K562 is a CD74-negative cell line (Table 3). Table 3: CD74 expression level [0558] ADC direct killing.
  • ADC direct killing was assessed in NOMO-1(CD74 + ) and K562 (CD74-) cancer lines.
  • Cells were seeded (NOMO-1 at 6E3/well and K562 at 3E3/well) into 96- well plates (Greiner: 655090), 100 ⁇ l/well (including 100 ⁇ g/ml Fc blocker for NOMO-1 cells), and incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 , for 2 h.
  • Fresh growth medium was added containing varying concentrations of ADCs, 50 ⁇ l/well, and incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 , for 6 days.
  • the cell viability was detected by Cell Titer-Glo (Promega, G7573), 70 ⁇ l/well.
  • ADC direct cellular killing data are presented in Tables 4-8 and Figures 1A-5B.
  • Table 4 ADC direct cellular killing
  • Table 5 ADC direct cellular killing
  • Table 6 ADC direct cellular killing
  • Table 7 ADC direct cellular killing
  • Table 8 ADC direct cellular killing

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Abstract

Provided herein are compounds comprising pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-based dimers and conjugates thereof. In some embodiments, a compound is of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue thereof.

Description

BIOACTIVE CONJUGATES, PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims priority to International Application No. PCT/CN2023/112184, filed August 10, 2023, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. FIELD [0002] The present disclosure relates to antibody drug conjugate platform compounds comprising pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-based dimers and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising the platforms and an antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, as well as uses of the ADC platforms and ADCs. SEQUENCE LISTING [0003] This application contains a Sequence Listing, which has been submitted electronically in XML format. The XML file is entitled “01368-0078-00PCT-ST26.xml,” was created on August 7, 2024, and is 5,806 bytes in size. The Sequence Listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND [0004] Some pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) have the ability to recognize and bind to specific sequences of DNA; the preferred sequence is PuGPu. The first PBD antitumor antibiotic, anthramycin, was discovered in 1965 (Leimgruber, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 87, 5793-5795 (1965); Leimgruber, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 87, 5791-5793 (1965)). Since then, a number of naturally occurring PBDs have been reported, and more than ten synthetic routes have been developed for a variety of analogues (Thurston, et al., Chem. Rev.1994, 433-465 (1994)). Family members include abbeymycin (Hochlowski, et al., J. Antibiotics, 40, 145-148 (1987)), chicamycin (Konishi, et al., J. Antibiotics, 37, 200-206 (1984)), DC-81 (Japanese Patent 58-180487; Thurston, et al., Chem. Brit., 26, 767-772 (1990); Bose, et al., Tetrahedron, 48, 751-758 (1992)), mazethramycin (Kuminoto, et al., J. Antibiotics, 33, 665-667 (1980)), neothramycins A and B (Takeuchi, et al., J. Antibiotics, 29, 93-96 (1976)), porothramycin (Tsunakawa, et al., J. Antibiotics, 41, 1366-1373 (1988)), prothracarcin (Shimizu, et al, J. Antibiotics, 29, 2492-2503 (1982); Langley and Thurston, J. Org. Chem., 52, 91-97 (1987)), sibanomicin (DC-102) (Hara, et al., J. Antibiotics, 41, 702-704 (1988); Itoh, et al., J. Antibiotics, 41, 1281-1284 (1988)), sibiromycin (Leber, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 2992-2993 (1988)), and tomamycin (Arima, et al., J. Antibiotics, 25, 437-444 (1972)). PBDs have the following general structure: . [0005] PBDs differ in the number, type, and position of substituents, in both their aromatic A rings and pyrrolo C rings, and in the degree of saturation of the C ring. In the B-ring there is an imine (N═C), a carbinolamine (NH—CH(OH)), or a carbinolamine methyl ether (NH— CH(OMe)) at the N10-C11 position, which is the electrophilic center responsible for alkylating DNA. All of the known natural products have an (S)-configuration at the chiral C11a position which provides them with a right-handed twist when viewed from the C ring towards the A ring. This gives them the appropriate three-dimensional shape for isohelicity with the minor groove of B-form DNA, leading to a snug fit at the binding site (Kohn, In Antibiotics III. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp.3-11 (1975); Hurley and Needham-VanDevanter, Acc. Chem. Res., 19, 230-237 (1986)). The ability of PBDs to form an adduct in the minor groove enables them to interfere with DNA processing, hence their use as antitumor agents. [0006] The biological activity of these molecules can be potentiated by joining two PBD units together through their C8/C′-hydroxyl functionalities via a flexible alkylene linker (Bose, D. S., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 4939-4941 (1992); Thurston, D. E., et al., J. Org. Chem., 61, 8141- 8147 (1996)). The PBD dimers are thought to form sequence-selective DNA lesions such as the palindromic 5′-Pu-GATC-Py-3′ interstrand cross-link (Smellie, M., et al., Biochemistry, 42, 8232- 8239 (2003); Martin, C., et al., Biochemistry, 44, 4135-4147) which is thought to be mainly responsible for their biological activity. One example of a PBD dimer is SG2000 (SJG-136): . (Gregson, S., et al., J. Med. Chem., 44, 737-748 (2001); Alley, M. C., et al., Cancer Research, 64, 6700-6706 (2004); Hartley, J. A., et al., Cancer Research, 64, 6693-6699 (2004)). [0007] Due to the manner in which these highly potent compounds act to cross-link DNA, previous PBD dimers have been made symmetrically, i.e., both monomers of the dimer are the same. This synthetic route provides for straightforward synthesis, either by constructing the PBD dimer moiety simultaneously having already formed the dimer linkage, or by reacting already constructed PBD monomer moieties with the dimer linking group. These synthetic approaches have limited the options for preparation of targeted conjugates containing PBDs. [0008] Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) include antibodies operably linked to a biologically active small molecule, also known as a toxin or payload. ADCs deliver a potent payload selectively to target-expressing cells, leading to a potential reduction of off-target side effects and/or toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy. The lipophilic nature of many payloads can adversely affect the properties of the ADC to the extent that the payloads are not efficiently delivered to the target cells. Low bioavailability of lipophilic payloads can narrow therapeutic windows for ADC treatment. Furthermore, the hydrophobic nature of payloads can present challenges to their conjugation to antibodies, a reaction performed in aqueous conditions. [0009] There is an ongoing need for the development of hydrophilic linkers for protein conjugates, e.g., ADCs, which would allow for improved conjugation of lipophilic payloads, improved modulation of biological targets, improved bioavailability, and improved therapeutic windows. There is an ongoing need for PBD dimers, including lipophilic and/or asymmetrical PBD dimers as payloads in ADCs. BRIEF SUMMARY [0010] Provided herein are antibody drug conjugate platforms and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Also provided are uses of the ADC platforms to prepare ADCs. [0011] In some embodiments, provided herein are compounds of Formula (I): (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue thereof, wherein each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg):
Figure imgf000004_0001
Figure imgf000005_0001
wherein each ring C is, independently, a cyclopropyl ring or a cyclobutyl ring; each R1 is, independently, H, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl or -O-(CH2CH2O)t1-CH3; each R2 is, independently, H or C1-4 alkyl; each R3 and R4 is, independently, H, NRa1Rb1, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; wherein Ra1 and Rb1 are each independently H or C1-4 alkyl; R5 is H, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; each m1, n1, and o1 is, independently, 1 or 2; t1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; * marks the bond that connects ring A to Cleavable1 when s1 is 1, and to -H when s1 is 0, or that connects ring B to Cleavable2, and ** marks the bond that connects ring A or ring B to Linker1; Linker1 is –(CH2)r-, -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q-, or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-; wherein each r, p and q is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; the sum of p and q is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; X is NR6, NHC(=O), C(=O)NH, O, SO2, C(=CH2), a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heteroaryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent cyclic ring; and R6 is H or C1-4 alkyl; Cleavable1, if present, is formula (VIa), (VIc), or (VIx):
Figure imgf000005_0002
wherein Su is a Sugar moiety; each R9 is, independently, hydrogen, a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to ring A; and § marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to Linker3, if present; Linker3, if present, is Formula (X2)
Figure imgf000006_0002
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, † marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cleavable1; and †† marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cap; each Cap is, independently, CH3C(=O)-, CH3-(CH2)b-O-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2CH2)d-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, -NH-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, or - (N(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O))aN(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O)NH2; wherein a is an integer between 1 and 18, inclusive; each of b and d is, independently, 0, 1, or 2; and each c is, independently, 1, 2, 3, or 4; Cleavable2 is formula (VIIa1), (VIId1), or (VIId4):
Figure imgf000006_0001
wherein + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to ring B; ## marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to Spacer; and the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1), (VIId1) and (VIId4) is further optionally substituted with one or two or three R11, wherein each R11 is independently a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; Linker2 is Formula (X)
Figure imgf000006_0003
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; and ++ marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cap; Spacer is a bond, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###- NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2-C(═O)-, ###-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-CH2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###-CH[-(CH2)m2- COOH]-C(═O)-, ###-CH2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-C(═O)-(CH2)m2- C(═O)-, or ###-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-; wherein each m2 is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, or 8; and ### marks the bond that connects Spacer to Conjugator; Conjugator is formula (III), (IV), or (V):
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein U2 is a bond, heteroarylene, or arylene; V2 is a bond or -C ≡C-(CH2)n2-; W2 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; n2 is an integer between 0 and 10, inclusive;
Figure imgf000007_0003
wherein
Figure imgf000007_0002
, or ; RS3 is -NRa2Rb2, wherein each of Ra2 and Rb2 is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; RE3 is a bond, -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)NR7-, -NHC(=O)NR7-, - OS(=O)2NR7-, -NHS(=O)2NR7-, or - OC(=O)NHS(=O)2NR7-; and R7 is H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; W3 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; t3 is 1 or 2; and s3 is 0, 1 or 2; or
Figure imgf000008_0001
wherein
Figure imgf000008_0002
Figure imgf000008_0003
RE4 is a bond, -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)NR8-, -NHC(=O)NR8-, - OS(=O)2NR8-, -NHS(=O)2NR8-, or - OC(=O)NHS(=O)2NR8-; and R8 is H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; W4 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and s4 is 0, 1 or 2. [0012] In some embodiments, provided herein are compounds of Formula (IA):
Figure imgf000008_0004
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue thereof, wherein each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formulas (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg):
Figure imgf000009_0001
wherein ring C is, independently, a cyclopropyl ring or a cyclobutyl ring; each R1 is, independently, H, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl or -O-(CH2CH2O)t1-CH3; each R2 is, independently, H or C1-4 alkyl; each R3 and R4, is, independently, H, NRa1Rb1, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; wherein Ra1 and Rb1 are each independently H or C1-4 alkyl; R5 is H, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; each m1, n1, and o1 is, independently, 1 or 2; t1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; * marks the bond that connects ring A to Cleavable1 when s1 is 1 and to -H when s1 is 0, or that connects ring B connects Cleavable2, and ** marks the bond that connects ring A or ring B to Linker1; Linker1 is –(CH2)r-, -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q-, or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-; wherein each r, p and q, is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; the sum of p and q is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; X is NR6, NHC(=O), C(=O)NH, O, SO2, C(=CH2), a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heteroaryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent cyclic ring; and R6 is H or C1-4 alkyl; Cleavable1, if present, is
Figure imgf000009_0002
wherein Su is a Sugar moiety; each R9 is independently hydrogen, a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to ring A; and § marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to Linker3, if present; Linker3, if present, is Formula (X2)
Figure imgf000010_0001
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, † marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cleavable1; and †† marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cap; each Cap is, independently, CH3C(=O)-, CH3-(CH2)b-O-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2CH2)d-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, -NH-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, or - (N(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O))aN(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O)NH2; wherein a is an integer between 1 and 18, inclusive; each of b and d is, independently, 0, 1, or 2; and each c is, independently, 1, 2, 3, or 4; Cleavable2 is formula (VIIa1-1), (VIId1-1), or (VIId4-1),
Figure imgf000010_0002
wherein + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to ring B; ## marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to Spacer; and the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1-1), (VIId1-1) and (VIId4-1) is further optionally substituted with one or two or three R11, wherein each R11 is independently a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; Linker2 is Formula (Xa)
Figure imgf000011_0001
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; and ++ marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cap; Spacer is a bond, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2- C(═O)-, or ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-; wherein each m2 is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, or 8; and ### marks the bond that connects Spacer to Conjugator; RE4 is a bond or -O-; and t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES [0013] Figures 1A and 1B are line graphs showing killing of NOMO-1 (1A) and K562 (1B) cells by the indicated conjugates . [0014] Figures 2A and 2B are line graphs showing killing ofNOMO-1 (2A) and K562 (2B) cells by the indicated conjugates. [0015] Figures 3A and 3B are line graphs showing killing ofNOMO-1 (3A) and K562 (3B) cells by the indicated conjugates . [0016] Figures 4A and 4B are line graphs showing killing ofNOMO-1 (4A) and K562 (4B) cells by the indicated conjugates. [0017] Figures 5A and 5B are line graphs showing killing of NOMO-1 (5A) and K562 (5B) cells by the indicated conjugates . DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0018] Provided herein are antibody drug conjugate platform compounds comprising pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-based dimers and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising the platforms and an antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof. The ADCs may be used to treat a disease or disorder, such as cancer, such as by providing a composition comprising an ADC. The conjugates include linkers with at least one moiety that improves their performance, such as by increasing serum stability compared to conjugates without the moiety. The linkers comprise a hydrophilic moiety (group) that can be cleaved by a glycosidase, such as a lysosomal-specific glycosidase. [0019] Within the present disclosure, it is understood that the disclosure is not limited to particular methods and/or experimental conditions described, as such methods and conditions may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. [0020] Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. All patents, applications, and non-patent publications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Definitions [0021] In the present disclosure, the following terms have the following meanings unless indicated otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In the event that there is a plurality of definitions for a term provided herein, these Definitions prevail unless stated otherwise. [0022] When a trade name is used herein, reference to the trade name also refers to the product formulation, the generic drug, and the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) of the trade name product, unless otherwise indicated by context. [0023] The term “antibody” herein is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, monospecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments that exhibit the desired biological activity. An intact antibody has primarily two regions: a variable region and a constant region. The variable region binds to and interacts with a target antigen. The variable region includes a complementary determining region (CDR) that recognizes and binds to a specific binding site on a particular antigen. The constant region may be recognized by and interact with the immune system (see, e.g., Janeway et al., 2001, Immuno. Biology, 5th Ed., Garland Publishing, New York). An antibody can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA), class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2) or subclass. The antibody can be derived from any suitable species. In some embodiments, the antibody is of human or murine origin. An antibody can be, for example, human, humanized, or chimeric. [0024] The term “humanized” or “humanized antibody” means forms of antibodies that contain sequences from non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies as well as human antibodies. Such antibodies contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR regions are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. The humanized antibody optionally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin. The prefix “hum,” “hu,” “Hu,” or “h” is added to antibody clone designations when necessary to distinguish humanized antibodies from parental rodent antibodies. The humanized forms of rodent antibodies will generally comprise the same CDR sequences of the parental rodent antibodies, although certain amino acid substitutions can be included to increase affinity, increase stability of the humanized antibody, remove a post-translational modification or for other reasons [0025] The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. The modifier “monoclonal” is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. [0026] An “intact antibody” is one that comprises an antigen-binding variable region as well as a light chain constant domain (CL) and heavy chain constant domains, CH1, CH2, CH3, and CH4, as appropriate for the antibody class. The constant domains may be native sequence constant domains (e.g., human native sequence constant domains) or amino acid sequence variant thereof. [0027] An “antibody fragment” comprises a portion of an intact antibody, comprising the antigen- binding or variable region thereof. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab’, F(ab’)2, and Fv fragments, diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies, linear antibodies, single-chain antibody molecules, scFv, scFv-Fc, multispecific antibody fragments formed from antibody fragment(s), a fragment(s) produced by a Fab expression library, or an epitope-binding fragment of any of the above which immunospecifically binds to a target antigen (e.g., a cancer cell antigen, a viral antigen or a microbial antigen). [0028] An “antigen” is an entity to which an antibody specifically binds. [0029] The terms “specific binding” and “specifically binds” mean that the antibody or antibody derivative will bind, in a highly selective manner, to its corresponding target antigen and not with the multitude of other antigens. Typically, the antibody or antibody derivative binds with an affinity of at least about 1×10-7 M, 10-8 M, 10-9M, 10-10 M, 10-11 M, or 10-12 M and binds to the predetermined antigen with an affinity that is at least two-fold greater than its affinity for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined antigen or a closely related antigen. [0030] The term “inhibit” or “inhibition of” means to reduce by a measurable amount, or to prevent entirely. [0031] The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a drug effective to treat a disease or disorder in a mammal. In the case of cancer, the therapeutically effective amount of a drug may reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent or stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent or stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and/or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. To the extent the drug may inhibit growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic. For cancer therapy, efficacy can, for example, be measured by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and/or determining the response rate (RR). [0032] The term “substantial” or “substantially” refers to a majority, i.e. >50% of a population, of a mixture or a sample, preferably more than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of a population. [0033] The terms “intracellularly cleaved” and “intracellular cleavage” refer to a metabolic process or reaction inside a cell on a ligand drug conjugate (e.g., an antibody drug conjugate (ADC)), whereby the covalent attachment, e.g., the linker, between the drug moiety (D) and the ligand unit (e.g., an antibody (BA or Ab)) is broken, resulting in the free drug, or another metabolite of the conjugate dissociated from the antibody inside the cell. The cleaved moieties of the drug-linker-ligand conjugate are thus intracellular metabolites. [0034] The term “cytotoxic activity” refers to a cell-killing, a cytostatic or an anti-proliferative effect of a drug-linker-ligand conjugate compound or an intracellular metabolite of a drug-linker- ligand conjugate. Cytotoxic activity may be expressed as the IC50 value, which is the concentration (molar or mass) per unit volume at which half the cells survive. [0035] The term “cytotoxic agent” as used herein refers to a substance that inhibits the function of cells and/or causes destruction of cells. The term is intended to include radioactive isotopes (e.g., 211At, 131I, 125I, 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, 153Sm, 212Bi, 32P, 60C, and radioactive isotopes of Lu), chemotherapeutic agents, and toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, including synthetic analogs and derivatives thereof. [0036] The terms “cancer” and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition or disorder in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth. A “tumor” comprises one or more cancerous cells. [0037] An “autoimmune disease” herein is a disease or disorder arising from and directed against an individual’s own tissues or proteins. [0038] Examples of a “patient” or “subject” include, but are not limited to, mammals such as a human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, pig, goat, cow, horse, dog, or cat, and birds or fowl. In an embodiment, the patient is a human. [0039] The terms “treat” or “treatment,” unless otherwise indicated by context, refer to therapeutic treatment and prophylactic measures to prevent relapse, wherein the object is to inhibit or slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change or disorder, such as the development or spread of cancer. For purposes of this disclosure, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable. “Treatment” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment. Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder. [0040] In the context of cancer, the term “treating” includes any or all of inhibiting growth of tumor cells, cancer cells, or of a tumor, inhibiting replication of tumor cells or cancer cells, lessening of overall tumor burden or decreasing the number of cancerous cells, and ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with the disease. [0041] In the context of an autoimmune disease, the term “treating” includes any or all of inhibiting replication of cells associated with an autoimmune disease state including, but not limited to, cells that produce an autoimmune antibody, lessening the autoimmune-antibody burden, and ameliorating one or more symptoms of an autoimmune disease. [0042] As used herein, and in the specification and the accompanying claims, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” and the definite article “the” include the plural as well as single referents, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. [0043] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in connection with amounts, or weight percentage of ingredients of a composition, mean an amount or weight percent that is recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide a pharmacological effect equivalent to that obtained from the specified amount or weight percent. In certain embodiments, the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in this context, contemplate an amount or weight percent within 30%, within 20%, within 15%, within 10%, or within 5%, of the specified amount or weight percent. [0044] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in connection with a numeric value or range of values that is provided to characterize a particular solid form, e.g., a specific temperature or temperature range, such as, for example, that describes a melting, dehydration, desolvation, or glass transition temperature; a mass change, such as, for example, a mass change as a function of temperature or humidity; a solvent or water content, in terms of, for example, mass or a percentage; or a peak position, such as, for example, in analysis by, for example, IR or Raman spectroscopy or XRPD; indicate that the value or range of values may deviate to an extent deemed reasonable to one of ordinary skill in the art while still describing the solid form. Techniques for characterizing crystal forms and amorphous solids include, but are not limited to, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, vibrational spectroscopy, e.g., infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, solid-state and solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, hot stage optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron crystallography and quantitative analysis, particle size analysis (PSA), surface area analysis, solubility studies, and dissolution studies. In certain embodiments, the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in this context, indicate that the numeric value or range of values may vary within 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.25% of the recited value or range of values. For example, in some embodiments, the value of an XRPD peak position may vary by up to ±0.2º 2θ while still describing the particular XRPD peak. [0045] As used herein, the term “inclusive,” when used in reference to range, includes the endpoints of the range. For example, if n is an integer from 0 to 4, n may be any of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. [0046] An “alkyl” group is a saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated straight chain or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, typically from 1 to 8 carbons or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Representative alkyl groups include -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -n-butyl, -n-pentyl, and n-hexyl; saturated branched alkyls include -isopropyl, -sec-butyl, -isobutyl, -tert-butyl, -isopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl and the like. Examples of unsaturated alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl, allyl, CH=CH(CH3), -CH=C(CH3)2, -C(CH3)=CH2, - C(CH3)=CH(CH3), C(CH2CH3)=CH2, C≡CH, -C≡C(CH3), -C≡C(CH2CH3), -CH2C≡CH, - CH2C≡C(CH3), and CH2C≡C(CH2CH3), among others. An alkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. In certain embodiments, when the alkyl groups described herein are said to be “substituted,” they may be substituted with any substituent or substituents as those found in the compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro); hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonato; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfonyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aralkoxyamine; N-oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone; azide; isocyanate; isothiocyanate; cyanate; thiocyanate; B(OH)2; or O(alkyl)aminocarbonyl. [0047] An “alkenyl” group is a straight chain or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, typically from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and including at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Representative straight chain and branched (C2-C8)alkenyls include -vinyl, -allyl, - 1-butenyl, -2-butenyl, -isobutylenyl, -1-pentenyl, -2-pentenyl, -3-methyl-1-butenyl, -2-methyl-2- butenyl, -2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, -1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, -3-hexenyl, -1-heptenyl, -2-heptenyl, -3- heptenyl, -1-octenyl, -2-octenyl, 3-octenyl and the like. The double bond of an alkenyl group can be unconjugated or conjugated to another unsaturated group. An alkenyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted. [0048] A “cycloalkyl” group is a saturated or a partially saturated cyclic alkyl group of from 3 to 10 carbon atoms having a single cyclic ring or multiple condensed or bridged rings which can be optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring members, whereas in other embodiments the number of ring carbon atoms ranges from 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 3 to 7. Such cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, single ring structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 1- methylcyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylcyclooctyl, and the like, or multiple or bridged ring structures such as adamantyl and the like. Examples of unsaturated cycloalkyl groups include cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexadienyl, butadienyl, pentadienyl, and hexadienyl, among others. A cycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Such substituted cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, cyclohexanone and the like. [0049] An “aryl” group is an aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl). In some embodiments, aryl groups contain 6 to 14 carbons, and in others from 6 to 12 or even 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring portions of the groups. Particular aryls include phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl and the like. An aryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The phrase “aryl groups” also includes groups containing fused rings, such as fused aromatic-aliphatic ring systems (e.g., indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like). [0050] An “arylene” group is a bivalent aryl group as defined herein. [0051] A “heteroaryl” group is an aryl ring system having one to four heteroatoms as ring atoms in a heteroaromatic ring system, wherein the remainder of the atoms are carbon atoms. In some embodiments, heteroaryl groups contain 5 to 6 ring atoms, and in others from 6 to 9 or 6 to 10 atoms in the ring portions of the groups. Suitable heteroatoms include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl ring system is monocyclic or bicyclic. Non- limiting examples include, but are not limited to, groups such as pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl (for example, isobenzofuran-1,3- diimine), indolyl, azaindolyl (for example, pyrrolopyridyl or 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridyl), indazolyl, benzimidazolyl (for example, 1H-benzo[d]imidazolyl), imidazopyridyl (for example, azabenzimidazolyl, 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridyl or 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridyl), pyrazolopyridyl, triazolopyridyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, isoxazolopyridyl, thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, and quinazolinyl groups. [0052] A “heteroarylene” group is a bivalent heteroaryl group as defined herein. [0053] A “heterocyclyl” is an aromatic (also referred to as heteroaryl) or non-aromatic cycloalkyl in which one to four of the ring carbon atoms are independently replaced with a heteroatom from the group consisting of O, S and N. In some embodiments, heterocyclyl groups include 3 to 10 ring members, whereas other such groups have 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 3 to 8 ring members. Heterocyclyls can also be bonded to other groups at any ring atom (i.e., at any carbon atom or heteroatom of the heterocyclic ring). A heterocyclyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Heterocyclyl groups encompass unsaturated, partially saturated, and saturated ring systems, such as, for example, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, and imidazolidinyl groups. The term “heterocyclyl” includes fused ring species, including those comprising fused aromatic and non-aromatic groups, such as, for example, benzotriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[l,4]dioxinyl, and benzo[l,3]dioxolyl. The term also includes bridged polycyclic ring systems containing a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, quinuclidyl. Representative examples of a heterocyclyl group include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl (for example, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl), tetrahydrothiopyranyl, oxathiane, dioxyl, dithianyl, pyranyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, dihydropyridyl, dihydrodithiinyl, dihydrodithionyl, homopiperazinyl, quinuclidyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolyl, azaindolyl (pyrrolopyridyl), indazolyl, indolizinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzoxazinyl, benzodithiinyl, benzoxathiinyl, benzothiazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[l,3]dioxolyl, pyrazolopyridyl, imidazopyridyl (azabenzimidazolyl; for example, 1H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridyl, or 1H-imidazo[4,5-b] pyridyl), triazolopyridyl, isoxazolopyridyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, thianaphthalenyl, dihydrobenzothiazinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydroindolyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, tetrahydroindolyl, tetrahydroindazolyl, tetrahydrobenzimidazolyl, tetrahydrobenzotriazolyl, tetrahydropyrrolopyridyl, tetrahydropyrazolopyridyl, tetrahydroimidazopyridyl, tetrahydrotriazolopyridyl, and tetrahydroquinolinyl groups. Representative substituted heterocyclyl groups may be mono-substituted or substituted more than once, such as, but not limited to, pyridyl or morpholinyl groups, which are 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-substituted, or disubstituted with various substituents such as those listed belowA “cycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-cycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are defined above. Substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the cycloalkyl, or both the alkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of the group. Representative cycloalkylalkyl groups include but are not limited to cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclohexylethyl, and cyclohexylpropyl. Representative substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be mono-substituted or substituted more than once. [0054] An “aralkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-aryl, wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. Substituted aralkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the aryl, or both the alkyl and the aryl portions of the group. Representative aralkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl and phenethyl groups and fused (cycloalkylaryl)alkyl groups such as 4-ethyl-indanyl. [0055] A “heterocyclylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-heterocyclyl, wherein alkyl and heterocyclyl are defined above. Substituted heterocyclylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the heterocyclyl, or both the alkyl and the heterocyclyl portions of the group. Representative heterocyclylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, 4-ethyl-morpholinyl, 4- propylmorpholinyl, furan-2-yl methyl, furan-3-yl methyl, pyrdine-3-yl methyl, (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)methyl, (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl methyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl ethyl, and indol-2-yl propyl. [0056] A “halogen” is chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro. [0057] A “hydroxyalkyl” group is an alkyl group as described above substituted with one or more hydroxy groups. [0058] An “alkoxy” group is O(alkyl), wherein alkyl is defined above. [0059] An “alkoxyalkyl” group is (alkyl)O(alkyl), wherein alkyl is defined above. [0060] As used herein, “alkynyl” refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon radical moiety containing at least two carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. Alkynyl is optionally substituted and can be linear, branched, or cyclic. Alkynyl includes, but is not limited to, those radicals having 2-20 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-20 alkynyl; 2-12 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-12 alkynyl; 2-8 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-8 alkynyl; 2-6 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-6 alkynyl; and 2-4 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-4 alkynyl. Examples of alkynyl moieties include, but are not limited to ethynyl, propynyl, and butynyl. [0061] As used herein, “haloalkyl” refers to alkyl, as defined above, wherein the alkyl includes at least one substituent selected from a halogen, for example, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I). Examples of haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, -CF3, -CH2CF3, –CCl2F, and –CCl3. [0062] As used herein, “haloalkoxy” refers to alkoxy, as defined above, wherein the alkoxy includes at least one substituent selected from a halogen, e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I. [0063] As used herein, “arylalkyl” refers to a monovalent moiety that is a radical of an alkyl compound, wherein the alkyl compound is substituted with an aromatic substituent, i.e., the aromatic compound includes a single bond to an alkyl group and wherein the radical is localized on the alkyl group. An arylalkyl group bonds to the illustrated chemical structure via the alkyl group. An arylalkyl can be represented by the structure, e.g., B-CH2-, B-CH2-CH2-, B-CH2-CH2- CH2-, B-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, B-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-, B-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-, wherein B is an aromatic moiety, e.g., phenyl. Arylalkyl is optionally substituted, i.e., the aryl group and/or the alkyl group, can be substituted as disclosed herein. Examples of arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl. [0064] As used herein, “alkylaryl” refers to a monovalent moiety that is a radical of an aryl compound, wherein the aryl compound is substituted with an alkyl substituent, i.e., the aryl compound includes a single bond to an alkyl group and wherein the radical is localized on the aryl group. An alkylaryl group bonds to the illustrated chemical structure via the aryl group. An alkylaryl can be represented by the structure, e.g., -B-CH3, -B-CH2-CH3, -B-CH2-CH2-CH3, -B- CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3, -B-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3, -B-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3, wherein B is an aromatic moiety, e.g., phenyl. Alkylaryl is optionally substituted, i.e., the aryl group and/or the alkyl group, can be substituted as disclosed herein. Examples of alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluyl. [0065] As used herein, “aryloxy” refers to a monovalent moiety that is a radical of an aromatic compound wherein the ring atoms are carbon atoms and wherein the ring is substituted with an oxygen radical, i.e., the aromatic compound includes a single bond to an oxygen atom and wherein the radical is localized on the oxygen atom, e.g., C6H5-O-, for phenoxy. Aryloxy substituents bond to the compound which they substitute through this oxygen atom. Aryloxy is optionally substituted. Aryloxy includes, but is not limited to, those radicals having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C6-20 aryloxy; 6 to 15 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C6-15 aryloxy, and 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C6-10 aryloxy. Examples of aryloxy moieties include, but are not limited to phenoxy, naphthoxy, and anthroxy. [0066] An “amino” group is a radical of the formula NH2. [0067] A “hydroxyl amine” group is a radical of the formula N(R#)OH or NHOH, wherein R# is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl group as defined herein. [0068] An “alkoxyamine” group is a radical of the formula -N(R#)O-alkyl or -NHO-alkyl, wherein R# is as defined above. [0069] An “aralkoxyamine” group is a radical of the formula N(R#)O-aryl or NHOaryl, wherein R# is as defined above. [0070] An “aminocarbonyl” group is a radical of the formula -C(=O)N(R#)2, -C(=O)NH(R#), or C(=O)NH2, wherein each R# is as defined above . [0071] An “acylamino” group is a radical of the formula NHC(=O)(R#) or N(alkyl)C(=O)(R#), wherein each alkyl and R# are independently as defined above. [0072] An “O(alkyl)aminocarbonyl” group is a radical of the formula -O(alkyl)C(=O)N(R#)2, - O(alkyl)C(=O)NH(R#), or -O(alkyl)C(=O)NH2, wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0073] An “N-oxide” group is a radical of the formula -N+-O-. [0074] A “carboxy” group is a radical of the formula C(=O)OH. [0075] A “ketone” group is a radical of the formula C(=O)(R#), wherein R# is as defined above. [0076] An “aldehyde” group is a radical of the formula -CH(=O). [0077] An “ester” group is a radical of the formula C(=O)O(R#) or OC(=O)(R#), wherein R# is as defined above. [0078] A “urea” group is a radical of the formula -N(alkyl)C(=O)N(R#)2, -N(alkyl)C(=O)NH(R#), -N(alkyl)C(=O)NH2, -NHC(=O)N(R#)2, -NHC(=O)NH(R#), or NHC(=O)NH2 #, wherein each alkyl and R# are independently as defined above. [0079] An “imine” group is a radical of the formula -N=C(R#)2 or -C(R#)=N(R#), wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0080] An “imide” group is a radical of the formula -C(=O)N(R#)C(=O)(R#) or N((C=O)(R#))2, wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0081] A “urethane” group is a radical of the formula -OC(=O)N(R#)2, -OC(=O)NH(R#), - N(R#)C(=O)O(R#), or -NHC(=O)O(R#), wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0082] An “amidine” group is a radical of the formula -C(=N(R#))N(R#)2, -C(=N(R#))NH(R#), - C(=N(R#))NH2, -C(=NH)N(R#)2, -C(=NH)NH(R#), -C(=NH)NH2, -N=C(R#)N(R#)2, - N=C(R#)NH(R#), -N=C(R#)NH2, -N(R#)C(R#)=N(R#), -NHC(R#)=N(R#), -N(R#)C(R#)=NH, or - NHC(R#)=NH, wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0083] A “guanidine” group is a radical of the formula -N(R#)C(=N(R#))N(R#)2, - NHC(=N(R#))N(R#)2, -N(R#)C(=NH)N(R#)2, -N(R#)C(=N(R#))NH(R#), -N(R#)C(=N(R#))NH2, - NHC(=NH)N(R#)2, -NHC(=N(R#))NH(R#), -NHC(=N(R#))NH2, -NHC(=NH)NH(R#), - NHC(=NH)NH2, -N=C(N(R#)2)2, -N=C(NH(R#))2, or -N=C(NH2)2, wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0084] An “enamine” group is a radical of the formula -N(R#)C(R#)=C(R#)2, -NHC(R#)=C(R#)2, - C(N(R#)2)=C(R#)2, -C(NH(R#))=C(R#)2, -C(NH2)=C(R#)2, -C(R#)=C(R#)(N(R#)2), C(R#)=C(R#)(NH(R#)) or -C(R#)=C(R#)(NH2), wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0085] An “oxime” group is a radical of the formula -C(=NO(R#))(R#), -C(=NOH)(R#), - CH(=NO(R#)), or -CH(=NOH), wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0086] A “hydrazide” group is a radical of the formula -C(=O)N(R#)N(R#)2, -C(=O)NHN(R#)2, - C(=O)N(R#)NH(R#), -C(=O)N(R#)NH2, -C(=O)NHNH(R#)2, or -C(=O)NHNH2, wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0087] A “hydrazine” group is a radical of the formula -N(R#)N(R#)2, -NHN(R#)2, -N(R#)NH(R#), -N(R#)NH2, -NHNH(R#)2, or -NHNH2, wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0088] A “hydrazone” group is a radical of the formula -C(=N-N(R#)2)(R#)2, -C(=NNH(R#))(R#)2, -C(=N-NH2)(R#)2, -N(R#)(N=C(R#)2), or -NH(N=C(R#)2), wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0089] An “azide” group is a radical of the formula -N3. [0090] An “isocyanate” group is a radical of the formula N=C=O. [0091] An “isothiocyanate” group is a radical of the formula N=C=S. [0092] A “cyanate” group is a radical of the formula OCN. [0093] A “thiocyanate” group is a radical of the formula SCN. [0094] A “thioether” group is a radical of the formula -S(R#), wherein R# is as defined above. [0095] A “thiocarbonyl” group is a radical of the formula -C(=S)(R#), wherein R# is as defined above. [0096] A “sulfinyl” group is a radical of the formula -S(=O)(R#), wherein R# is as defined above. [0097] A “sulfone” group is a radical of the formula -S(=O)2(R#), wherein R# is as defined above. [0098] A “sulfonylamino” group is a radical of the formula -NHSO2(R#) or -N(alkyl)SO2(R#), wherein each alkyl and R# are defined above. [0099] A “sulfonamide” group is a radical of the formula -S(=O)2N(R#)2, or -S(=O)2NH(R#), or - S(=O)2NH2, wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0100] A “phosphonate” group is a radical of the formula -P(=O)(O(R#))2, -P(=O)(OH)2, - OP(=O)(O(R#))(R#), or -OP(=O)(OH)(R#), wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0101] A “phosphine” group is a radical of the formula -P(R#)2, wherein each R# is independently as defined above. [0102] When the groups described herein, with the exception of alkyl groups, are said to be “substituted,” they may be substituted with any appropriate substituent or substituents. Illustrative examples of substituents are those found in the compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro); alkyl; hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonate; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfinyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aralkoxyamine; N- oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone; azide; isocyanate; isothiocyanate; cyanate; thiocyanate; oxygen (═O); B(OH)2, O(alkyl)aminocarbonyl; cycloalkyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl), or a heterocyclyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or thiazinyl); monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, acridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiophenyl, or benzofuranyl) aryloxy; aralkyloxy; heterocyclyloxy; and heterocyclyl alkoxy. [0103] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt(s)” refers to a salt prepared from a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid or base including an inorganic acid or base and an organic acid or base. [0104] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “solvate” means a compound, or a salt thereof, that further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of a solvent bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces. In one embodiment, the solvate is a hydrate. [0105] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “hydrate” means a compound, or a salt thereof, that further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces. [0106] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “prodrug” means a compound derivative that can hydrolyze, oxidize, or otherwise react under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide an active compound. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, derivatives and metabolites of a compound that include biohydrolyzable moieties such as biohydrolyzable amides, biohydrolyzable esters, biohydrolyzable carbamates, biohydrolyzable carbonates, biohydrolyzable ureides, and biohydrolyzable phosphate analogues. In certain embodiments, prodrugs of compounds with carboxyl functional groups are the lower alkyl esters of the carboxylic acid. The carboxylate esters may be formed by esterifying any of the carboxylic acid moieties present on the molecule. Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well-known methods, such as those described by Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 6th ed. (Donald J. Abraham ed., 2001, Wiley) and Design and Application of Prodrugs (H. Bundgaard ed., 1985, Harwood Academic Publishers Gmfh). [0107] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “stereoisomer” or “stereomerically pure” means one stereoisomer of a compound that is substantially free of other stereoisomers of that compound. For example, a stereomerically pure compound having one chiral center will be substantially free of the opposite enantiomer of the compound. A stereomerically pure compound having two chiral centers will be substantially free of other diastereomers of the compound. A typical stereomerically pure compound comprises greater than about 80% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 20% by weight of other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 90% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 10% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 95% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 5% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, or greater than about 97% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 3% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound. The compounds can have chiral centers and can occur as racemates, individual enantiomers or diastereomers, and mixtures thereof. All such isomeric forms are included within the embodiments disclosed herein, including mixtures thereof. The use of stereomerically pure forms of such compounds, as well as the use of mixtures of those forms, are encompassed by the embodiments disclosed herein. For example, mixtures comprising equal or unequal amounts of the enantiomers of a particular compound may be used in methods and compositions disclosed herein. These isomers may be asymmetrically synthesized or resolved using standard techniques such as chiral columns or chiral resolving agents. See, e.g., Jacques, J., et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (WileyInterscience, New York, 1981); Wilen, S. H., et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E. L., Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGrawHill, NY, 1962); and Wilen, S. H., Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p.268 (E.L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, 1972). [0108] It should also be noted that the compounds can include E and Z isomers, or a mixture thereof, and cis and trans isomers, or a mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, the compounds are isolated as either the cis or trans isomer. In other embodiments, the compounds are a mixture of the cis and trans isomers. [0109] “Tautomers” refers to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. The concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. For example, in an aqueous solution, pyrazoles may exhibit the following isomeric forms, which are referred to as tautomers of each other:
Figure imgf000024_0001
[0110] As readily understood by one skilled in the art, a wide variety of functional groups and other structures may exhibit tautomerism and all tautomers of the compounds are within the scope of the present disclosure. [0111] It should also be noted the compounds can contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms. For example, the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium (3H), iodine-125 (125I), sulfur-35 (35S), or carbon- 14 (14C), or may be isotopically enriched, such as with deuterium (2H), carbon-13 (13C), or nitrogen-15 (15N). As used herein, an “isotopologue” is an isotopically enriched compound. The term “isotopically enriched” refers to an atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. “Isotopically enriched” may also refer to a compound containing at least one atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. The term “isotopic composition” refers to the amount of each isotope present for a given atom. Radiolabeled and isotopically enriched compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., cancer and inflammation therapeutic agents, research reagents, e.g., binding assay reagents, and diagnostic agents, e.g., in vivo imaging agents. All isotopic variations of the compounds as described herein, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the embodiments provided herein. In some embodiments, there are provided isotopologues of the compounds, for example, the isotopologues are deuterium, carbon-13, or nitrogen-15 enriched compounds. [0112] It should be noted that if there is a discrepancy between a depicted structure and a name for that structure, the depicted structure is to be accorded more weight. [0113] As used herein, the term “residue” refers to the chemical moiety within a compound that remains after a chemical reaction. For example, the term “amino acid residue” or “N-alkyl amino acid residue” refers to the product of an amide coupling or peptide coupling of an amino acid or a N-alkyl amino acid to a suitable coupling partner; wherein, for example, a water molecule is expelled after the amide or peptide coupling of the amino acid or the N-alkylamino acid, resulting in the product having the amino acid residue or N-alkyl amino acid residue incorporated therein. [0114] As used herein, “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” refers to a carbohydrate moiety which may comprise 3-carbon (those) units, 4-carbon (tetrose) units, 5-carbon (pentose) units, 6-carbon (hexose) units, 7-carbon (heptose) units, or combinations thereof, and may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, a tetrasaccharide, a pentasaccharide, an oligosaccharide, or any other polysaccharide. In some instances, a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” comprises furanoses (e.g., ribofuranose, fructofuranose) or pyranoses (e.g., glucopyranose, galactopyranose), or a combination thereof. In some instances, a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” comprises aldoses or ketoses, or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of monosaccharides include ribose, deoxyribose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, galactose, and fructose. Non-limiting examples of disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, lactose, lactulose, and trehalose. Other “sugars” or “sugar groups” or “sugar residues” include polysaccharides and/or oligosaccharides, including, but not limited to, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, inulin, and cellulose. In some instances, a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” is an amino-sugar. In some instances, a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” is a glucamine residue (1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol) linked to the rest of molecule via its amino group to form an amide linkage with the rest of the molecule (i.e., a glucamide). [0115] As used herein, “binding agent” refers to any molecule, e.g., antibody, capable of binding with specificity to a given binding partner, e.g., antigen. [0116] As used herein, the term “amino acid” refers to an organic compound that contains amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group), which is specific to each amino acid. Amino acids may be proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic. By “proteinogenic” is meant that the amino acid is one of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids found in proteins. The proteinogenic amino acids include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. By “non-proteinogenic” is meant that either the amino acid is not found naturally in protein or is not directly produced by cellular machinery (e.g., is the product of post-translational modification). Non-limiting examples of non-proteinogenic amino acids include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine (2- aminoethanesulfonic acid), theanine (L-γ-glutamylethylamide), hydroxyproline, beta-alanine, ornithine, and citrulline. [0117] As used herein “peptide,” in its various grammatical forms, is defined in its broadest sense to refer to a compound of two or more subunit amino acids, amino acid analogs, or other peptidomimetics. The subunits may be linked by peptide bonds or by other bonds, for example, ester, ether, and the like. As used herein, the term “amino acid” refers to either natural and/or unnatural, proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic, or synthetic amino acids, including glycine and both the D and L optical isomers, and amino acid analogs and peptidomimetics. If the peptide chain is short, e.g., two, three or more amino acids, it is commonly called an oligopeptide. If the peptide chain is longer, the peptide is typically called a polypeptide or a protein. Full-length proteins, analogs, mutants, and fragments thereof are encompassed by the definition. The terms also include post-expression modifications of the polypeptide, for example, glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and the like. Furthermore, as ionizable amino and carboxyl groups are present in the molecule, a particular peptide may be obtained as an acidic or basic salt, or in neutral form. A peptide may be obtained directly from the source organism or may be recombinantly or synthetically produced. [0118] The amino acid sequence of an antibody can be numbered using any known numbering schemes, including those described by Kabat et al., (“Kabat” numbering scheme); Al-Lazikani et al., 1997, J. Mol. Biol., 273:927-948 (“Chothia” numbering scheme); MacCallum et al., 1996, J. Mol. Biol.262:732-745 (“Contact” numbering scheme); Lefranc et al., Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2003, 27:55-77 (“IMGT” numbering scheme); and Honegge and Pluckthun, J. Mol. Biol., 2001, 309:657-70 (“AHo” numbering scheme). Unless otherwise specified, the numbering scheme used herein is the Kabat numbering scheme. However, selection of a numbering scheme is not intended to imply differences in sequences where they do not exist, and one of skill in the art can readily confirm a sequence position by examining the amino acid sequence of one or more antibodies. Unless stated otherwise, the “EU numbering scheme” is generally used when referring to a residue in an antibody heavy chain constant region (e.g., as reported in Kabat et al., supra). [0119] As used herein, the term “cell-killing activity” refers to the activity that decreases or reduces the cell viability of the tested cell line. [0120] In the claims that follow and in the preceding description, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” is used in an inclusive sense, i.e., to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments. Aspect 1 [0121] In some embodiments, the platform is a conjugator-linker-payload compound of Formula (I):
Figure imgf000027_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue, thereof, wherein each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg):
Figure imgf000028_0001
wherein each ring C is, independently, a cyclopropyl ring or a cyclobutyl ring; each R1 is, independently, H, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl or -O-(CH2CH2O)t1-CH3; each R2 is, independently, H or C1-4 alkyl; each R3 and R4 is, independently, H, NRa1Rb1, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; wherein Ra1 and Rb1 are each independently H or C1-4 alkyl; R5 is H, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; each m1, n1, and o1 is, independently, 1 or 2; t1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; * marks the bond that connects ring A to Cleavable1 when s1 is 1, and to -H when s1 is 0, or that connects ring B to Cleavable2, and ** marks the bond that connects ring A or ring B to Linker1; Linker1 is –(CH2)r-, -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q-, or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-; wherein each r, p and q is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; the sum of p and q is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; X is NR6, NHC(=O), C(=O)NH, O, SO2, C(=CH2), a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heteroaryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent cyclic ring; and R6 is H or C1-4 alkyl; Cleavable1, if present, is formula (VIa), (VIc), or (VIx):
Figure imgf000029_0001
wherein Su is a Sugar moiety; each R9 is, independently, hydrogen, a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to ring A; and § marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to Linker3, if present; Linker3, if present, is Formula (X2)
Figure imgf000029_0002
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, † marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cleavable1; and †† marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cap; each Cap is, independently, CH3C(=O)-, CH3-(CH2)b-O-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2CH2)d-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, -NH-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, or - (N(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O))aN(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O)NH2; wherein a is an integer between 1 and 18, inclusive; each of b and d is, independently, 0, 1, or 2; and each c is, independently, 1, 2, 3, or 4; Cleavable2 is formula (VIIa1), (VIId1), or (VIId4):
Figure imgf000029_0003
wherein + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to ring B; ## marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to Spacer; and the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1), (VIId1) and (VIId4) is further optionally substituted with one or two or three R11, wherein each R11 is independently a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; Linker2 is Formula (X)
Figure imgf000030_0001
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; and ++ marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cap; Spacer is a bond, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###- NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2-C(═O)-, ###-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-CH2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###-CH[-(CH2)m2- COOH]-C(═O)-, ###-CH2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-C(═O)-(CH2)m2- C(═O)-, or ###-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-; wherein each m2 is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, or 8; and ### marks the bond that connects Spacer to Conjugator; Conjugator is formula (III), (IV), or (V):
Figure imgf000030_0002
wherein U2 is a bond, heteroarylene, or arylene; V2 is a bond or -C ≡C-(CH2)n2-; W2 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; n2 is an integer between 0 and 10, inclusive;
Figure imgf000030_0003
wherein
Figure imgf000031_0001
Figure imgf000031_0002
RS3 is -NRa2Rb2, wherein each of Ra2 and Rb2 is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; RE3 is a bond, -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)NR7-, -NHC(=O)NR7-, - OS(=O)2NR7-, -NHS(=O)2NR7-, or - OC(=O)NHS(=O)2NR7-; and R7 is H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; W3 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; t3 is 1 or 2; and s3 is 0, 1 or 2; or
Figure imgf000031_0003
RE4 is a bond, -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)NR8-, -NHC(=O)NR8-, - OS(=O)2NR8-, -NHS(=O)2NR8-, or - OC(=O)NHS(=O)2NR8-; and R8 is H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; W4 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and s4 is 0, 1 or 2. [0122] In some embodiments Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), or (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IId), or (IIg). [0123] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIg). [0124] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IId), and ring B is formula (IId). [0125] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIb), and ring B is formula (IIa). [0126] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIb). [0127] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIa). [0128] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIc), and ring B is formula (IIb). [0129] In some embodiments, r is 3 or 5. [0130] In some embodiments, formula (IIa) is (IIa1). [0131] In some embodiments, formula (IId) is (IId1). [0132] In some embodiments, formula (IIg) is (IIg1). [0133] In some embodiments, ring A is
Figure imgf000032_0002
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
[0134] In some embodiments, ring B is
Figure imgf000033_0002
Figure imgf000033_0003
[0135] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-, ring A is formula (IIa), m1 in ring A is 2, and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg). [0136] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-, ring A is formula (IIa), m1 in ring A is 1, and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg). [0137] In some embodiments, formula (IIc) is formula (IIc1), formula (IIc2), or formula (IIc3): (IIc1); and (IIc2) or (IIc3). [0138] In some embodiments, X is O, NR6, NHC(=O), C(=CH2), -(m-C6H4)-, , or . [0139] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-. [0140] In some embodiments, r is 3 or 5. [0141] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)p-O-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-NH-(CH2)q-. [0142] In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is 4. [0143] In some embodiments, Linker1 is
Figure imgf000034_0002
Figure imgf000034_0001
[0144] In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is 2. [0145] In some embodiments, Linker1 is . [0146] In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is 2. [0147] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-. [0148] In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is 3. [0149] In some embodiments, s1 is 0. [0150] In alternative embodiments, when s1 is 0, ring A has formula (IIa’), (IIb’), (IIc’), (IId’), (IIe’), (IIf’), or (IIg’):
Figure imgf000035_0001
wherein R10 is, independently, H, OH, or C1-4 alkyl, and the other variables (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, m1, n1, o1) are as defined above with respect to Aspect 1. [0151] In some embodiments, s1 is 1. [0152] In some embodiments, j is 0 and k is 0. [0153] In some embodiments, Cleavable 1 is formula (VIx), j is 1, and k is 1. [0154] In some embodiments, Cleavable2 is
Figure imgf000035_0002
[0155] In some embodiments, Cleavable2 is (VIIa1-1). [0156] In some embodiments, Cleavable2 is (VIId4-1). [0157] In some embodiments, the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1-1), VIId1-1), and (VIId4-1) is unsubstituted by R11. [0158] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is , , , or , wherein each m is independently 0 or 1 and Ac is acetyl. [0159] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is or . [0160] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is . [0161] In some embodiments, the Linker2 is (Xa). [0162] In some embodiments, HG is
Figure imgf000036_0001
, wherein e is 0, 1 or 2, and Ac is acetyl. [0163] In some embodiments, the Linker2 is: . [0164] In some embodiments, each Cap is CH3C(=O)-. [0165] In some embodiments, Spacer is ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, or ###- NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2-C(═O)-. [0166] In some embodiments, m2 is 4. [0167] In some embodiments, Conjugator is formula (III). [0168] In some embodiments, U2 is arylene. [0169] In some embodiments, U2 is phenylene. [0170] In some embodiments, U2 is . [0171] In some embodiments, U2 is heteroarylene. [0172] In some embodiments, U2 is a bivalent pyrimidine ring. [0173] In some embodiments, U2 is , or . [0174] In some embodiments, U2 is a bond. [0175] In some embodiments, V2 is a bond. [0176] In some embodiments, V2 is -C ≡C-(CH2)n-. [0177] In some embodiments, V2 is -C ≡C-(CH2)3-. [0178] In some embodiments, W2 is -C(=O)-. [0179] In some embodiments, Conjugator is . [0180] In some embodiments, Conjugator is formula (V). [0181] In some embodiments, RG4 is , , , , , or . [0182] In some embodiments, RG4 is or . [0183] In some embodiments, RG4 is , or . [0184] In some embodiments, t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. [0185] In some embodiments, s4 is 0. [0186] In some embodiments, RE4 is a bond or -O-. [0187] In some embodiments, W4 is -C(=O)-. [0188] In some embodiments, Conjugator is or . [0189] In some embodiments, Conjugator is formula (IV). [0190] In some embodiments, RG3 is or . [0191] In some embodiments, RS3 is NH2 or -N(CH3)2. [0192] In some embodiments, RE3 is a bond. [0193] In some embodiments, RE3 is -O-. [0194] In some embodiments, t3 is 2. [0195] In some embodiments, s3 is 0. [0196] In some embodiments, W3 is -C(=O)-. [0197] In some embodiments, Conjugator is . Aspect 2 [0198] In some embodiments, the platform is a conjugator-linker-payload compound of Formula (IA):
Figure imgf000039_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue thereof, wherein each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formulas (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg):
Figure imgf000039_0002
wherein ring C is, independently, a cyclopropyl ring or a cyclobutyl ring; each R1 is, independently, H, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl or -O-(CH2CH2O)t1-CH3; each R2 is, independently, H or C1-4 alkyl; each R3 and R4, is, independently, H, NRa1Rb1, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; wherein Ra1 and Rb1 are each independently H or C1-4 alkyl; R5 is H, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; each m1, n1, and o1 is, independently, 1 or 2; t1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; * marks the bond that connects ring A to Cleavable1 when s1 is 1 and to -H when s1 is 0, or that connects ring B connects Cleavable2, and ** marks the bond that connects ring A or ring B to Linker1; Linker1 is –(CH2)r-, -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q-, or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-; wherein each r, p and q, is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; the sum of p and q is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; X is NR6, NHC(=O), C(=O)NH, O, SO2, C(=CH2), a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heteroaryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent cyclic ring; and R6 is H or C1-4 alkyl; Cleavable1, if present, is
Figure imgf000040_0001
wherein Su is a Sugar moiety; each R9 is independently hydrogen, a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to ring A; and § marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to Linker3, if present; Linker3, if present, is Formula (X2)
Figure imgf000040_0002
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, † marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cleavable1; and †† marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cap; each Cap is, independently, CH3C(=O)-, CH3-(CH2)b-O-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2CH2)d-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, -NH-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, or - (N(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O))aN(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O)NH2; wherein a is an integer between 1 and 18, inclusive; each of b and d is, independently, 0, 1, or 2; and each c is, independently, 1, 2, 3, or 4; Cleavable2 is formula (VIIa1-1), (VIId1-1), or (VIId4-1),
Figure imgf000041_0001
wherein + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to ring B; ## marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to Spacer; and the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1-1), (VIId1-1) and (VIId4-1) is further optionally substituted with one or two or three R11, wherein each R11 is independently a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; Linker2 is Formula (Xa)
Figure imgf000041_0002
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; and ++ marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cap; Spacer is a bond, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2- C(═O)-, or ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-; wherein each m2 is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, or 8; and ### marks the bond that connects Spacer to Conjugator; RE4 is a bond or -O-; and t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. [0199] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), or (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IId), or (IIg). [0200] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIg). [0201] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IId), and ring B is formula (IId). [0202] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIb), and ring B is formula (IIa). [0203] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIb). [0204] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIa). [0205] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIc), and ring B is formula (IIb). [0206] In some embodiments, r is 3 or 5. [0207] In some embodiments, formula (IIa) is (IIa1). [0208] In some embodiments, formula (IId) is (IId1). [0209] In some embodiments, formula (IIg) is (IIg1). [0210] In some embodiments, ring A is
Figure imgf000042_0002
Figure imgf000042_0001
Figure imgf000043_0001
[0211] In some embodiments, ring B is
Figure imgf000043_0002
Figure imgf000043_0003
[0212] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-, ring A is formula (IIa), m1 in ring A is 2, and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg). [0213] In some embodiments, Linker1 is -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-, ring A is formula (IIa), m1 in ring A is 1, and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg). [0214] In some embodiments, formula (IIc) is formula (IIc1), formula (IIc2), or formula (IIc3): (IIc1); (IIc2), or (IIc3). [0215] In some embodiments, Linker1 is . [0216] In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is 2. [0217] In some embodiments, s1 is 0. [0218] In some embodiments, s1 is 1. [0219] In some embodiments, j is 0 and k is 0. [0220] In some embodiments, Cleavable 1 is formula (VIx), j is 1, and k is 1. [0221] In some embodiments, Cleavable2 is
Figure imgf000044_0001
[0222] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is , , , or , wherein each m is independently 0 or 1 and Ac is acetyl. [0223] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is or . [0224] In some embodiments, the Sugar moiety is . [0225] In some embodiments, HG is , , , or , wherein e is 0, 1 or 2, and Ac is acetyl. [0226] In some embodiments, the Linker2 is: . [0227] In some embodiments, each Cap is CH3C(=O)-. [0228] In some embodiments, Spacer is ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, or ###- NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2-C(═O)-. [0229] In some embodiments, m2 is 4. [0230] In some embodiments, is . [0231] In some embodiments, the compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or isotopologue thereof, is selected from: (2-3);
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000049_0001
Aspect 3 [0232] Provided herein are ligand-drug conjugates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein the conjugate comprises a ligand that is conjugated to a compound provided herein via Conjugator or , wherein the conjugate has the following formula: Ligand-[Formula (I)]x or Ligand-[Formula (IA)]x wherein x is from about 1 to about 12, and wherein Formula (I) is as described above with reference to Aspect 1 and Formula (IA) is as described above with reference to Aspect 2. [0233] In one embodiment, x is from about 1 to about 10. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.5 to about 10. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.5 to about 8. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.5 to about 6. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.5 to about 4. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.8 to about 4. In one embodiment, x is from about 1.8 to about 2.5. In one embodiment, x is about 2. [0234] In some embodiments, the ligand is a humanized, monoclonal, chimeric, or a human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. [0235] In some embodiments, the ligand is conjugated to the compound provided herein via the moiety of the compound. [0236] In some embodiments, the conjugate has the following formula
wherein Ab is a humanized, monoclonal, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, and values for the remaining variables (e.g., Cap, k, Linker3, j, Cleavable 1, s1, ring A, Linker1, ring B, Cleavable 2, Linker 2, Spacer, RE4, t4) are as described herein. [0237] In some embodiments, Ab is a humanized, a monoclonal, a chimeric, or a human antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof which binds to one or more of receptors chosen from B7- H3, cytokeratin 15, PTK7, HER3, HER2, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD46, CD70, CD71, CD74, CD79b, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD166, CD205, CD228, CCR2, CA6, p-Cadherin, CEA, CEACAM5, C4.4a, DLL3, EGFR, EGFRVIII, ENPP3, EphA2, EphrinA, FLOR1, FGFR2, GCC, cKIT, LIV1, LY6E, MSLN, MUC16, NaPi2b, Nectin4, gpNMB, PSMA, SLITRK6, STEAP1, TROP2, 5T4, SSEA4, GloboH, Gb5, STn, Tn, B7H3, BCMA, MUC1, cMet, ROR1 MSLN, FRa, CLDN18.2, CLDN6, Axl, FGFR2b, CLL1, CCR7, GPC1, GPC3, ISAC, CDCP1, ITGB6, or ADAM9, or CD45. [0238] In one embodiment, Ab is an anti-CD74 antibody. In one embodiment, Ab is the anti- CD74 antibody STRO-001. [0239] In some embodiments, the conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or isotopologue thereof, is ,
[0240] In some embodiments, the conjugate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or isotopologue thereof, is
Figure imgf000056_0001
Methods of Making the Conjugates [0241] Provided herein are methods of preparing a conjugate by contacting a binding agent (also referred to herein as Ab, BA, ligand, antibody) with a conjugator-linker-payload compound (platform) under conditions suitable for forming a bond between the binding agent and the conjugator-linker-payload compound. The reaction conditions may be any suitable reaction conditions known in the art. The binding agent may be an antibody and the bond may form an antibody-drug conjugate. [0242] Examples of such reactions are provided in the Examples below. [0243] In some embodiments, methods of making a conjugate including treating or contacting a compound with a binding agent under coupling conditions. The compound may include a reactive linker bonded to at least one payload. The compound may be any of the linker or platform compounds disclosed herein Pharmaceutical Compositions [0244] Also provided herein are compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising an ADC set forth herein. In some embodiments, the compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. [0245] Pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the present disclosure can be prepared by mixing an antibody drug conjugate having the desired degree of purity with one or more optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980)), in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are generally nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include, but are not limited to, buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3- pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g., Zn-protein complexes); and/or non-ionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable carriers herein further include interstitial drug dispersion agents such as soluble neutral-active hyaluronidase glycoproteins (sHASEGP), for example, human soluble PH-20 hyaluronidase glycoproteins, such as rHuPH20 (HYLENEX®, Baxter International, Inc.). Certain exemplary sHASEGPs and methods of use, including rHuPH20, are described in US Patent Nos. US 7,871,607 and 2006/0104968. In one aspect, a sHASEGP is combined with one or more additional glycosaminoglycanases such as chondroitinases. Methods of Using the Conjugates [0246] In some embodiments, set forth herein is a method of treating a disease or disorder (e.g., a cancer) in a subject (e.g., patient) in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a conjugate disclosed herein. [0247] The conjugates disclosed herein can be administered by any suitable means, including parenteral, intrapulmonary, and intranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, intralesional administration. Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration. Dosing can be by any suitable route, e.g., by injection, such as intravenous or subcutaneous injection, depending in part on whether the administration is brief or chronic. Various dosing schedules, including but not limited to, single or multiple administrations over various time-points, bolus administration, and pulse infusion are contemplated herein. [0248] Conjugates of the disclosure can be formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners. EXAMPLES [0249] The examples below are intended to be exemplary and should not be considered limiting in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods in the Examples described below are conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials are commercially available. All solvents and chemicals employed were of analytical grade or chemical purity. Solvents were redistilled before use. Anhydrous solvents were prepared according to standard methods or reference methods. Silica gel (100-200 meshes) for column chromatography and silica gel (GF254) for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) are commercially available from Tsingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Ltd. or Yantai Chemical Co., Ltd. of China; all were eluted with petroleum ether (60-90 °C)/ethyl acetate (v/v) and visualized by iodine or the solution of molybdphosphoric acid in ethanol unless otherwise specified. All extraction solvents, unless otherwise specified, were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4.1H NMR spectra were recorded on Bruck-400, Varian 400MR nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer with TMS (tetramethylsilane) as the internal standard. Coupling constants were given in hertz. Peaks were reported as singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), quartet (q), quintet (p), sextet (h), septet (hept), multiplet (m), or a combination thereof; br stands for broad. LC/MS data was recorded by using Agilent1100,1200 High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (LC- MSD Trap) equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) detected at 214 nm and 254 nm, and an ion trap (ESI source). All compound names except the reagents were generated by ChemDraw® 18.0. [0250] In the following examples, the following abbreviations are used:
Figure imgf000058_0001
Figure imgf000059_0001
UPLC analysis methods [0251] Method A: Mobile phase A: 0.1% FA in water, B: MeCN; Gradient: 10%B maintain 0.2 min, 10% - 95%B, 5.8 min, 95%B maintain 0.5 min; Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min; Column: ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C181.7µm. [0252] Method B: Mobile phase A: 0.1% FA in water, B: MeCN; Gradient: 10%B maintain 0.5 min, 10% - 90%B, 2.5 min, 90%B maintain 0.2 min; Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min; Column: ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C181.7µm. [0253] Method C: Mobile phase A: 0.1% FA in water, B: MeCN; Gradient: 10%B maintain 0.2 min, 10% - 90%B, 1.3 min, 90%B maintain 0.3 min; Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min; Column: ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C181.7µm; Example Int-2 [0254] Step 1: allyl((S)-1-(((S)-1-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)- 3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-2b) [0255] EEDQ (4.77 g, 19.3 mmol) was added to the solution of Int-2a（5 g, 18.4 mmol) and (4- aminophenyl)methanol (2.37 g, 19.3 mmol) in 100 mL dry THF. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 40 h. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was slurried with MTBE (30 V) and stirred for 2 h. The solid was isolated by filtration under a vacuum for 3 h to give Int-2b (5.16 g, 74% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 378.4 [M+H]+. [0256] Step 2: (S)-2-amino-N-((S)-1-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-3- methylbutanamide (Int-2c) [0257] Pd(PPh3)4 (76.6 mg, 0.066 mmol) was added to a solution of Int-2b (500 mg, 1.33 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) and pyrrolidine (270.8 μL, 3.31 mmol) at r.t. under N2. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 0.5 h at r.t. The reaction was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 92/8) to give Int-2c (370 mg, 95% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 294.3 [M+H]+. [0258] Step 3: (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl ((17S,20S)-21-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-17- isopropyl-20-methyl-15,18,21-trioxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-16,19-diazahenicosyl)carbamate (Int-2) [0259] DIEA (326 mg, 2.52 mmol) was added to the solution of Int-2c（370 mg, 1.26 mmol) and HATU (575.8 mg, 1.51 mmol) in 4 mL dry DMF. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 10 min. Then the solution of Int-2d (645 mg, 1.33 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added to the mixture. The reaction was stirred for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 95/5) to give the Int-2 (680 mg, 71% yield) as a light brown solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 763.4 [M+H]+. Example Int-8d [0260] Step 1: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3- (benzyloxy)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (Int- 8d3) [0261] To a solution of compound Int-8d1 (1.00 g, 2.41 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (30 mL) was added Int-8d2 (1.14 g, 2.87mmol) and 4Å molecular sieves (4.00 g). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The mixture was cooled to -20 °C. Then AgOTf (0.74 g, 2.87 mmol) was added into the mixture in portion at -20 °C. The mixture was stirred at -20 °C for 4 h. The mixture was filtered, the filtrate was diluted with EtOAc (150 mL), washed with sat. NaHCO3 (100 mL*3), brine (100 mL*3), respectively. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 0%-40%) to give the crude product. The crude was further purified by isopropanol to give compound Int-8d3 (340 mg, 19.3% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 734.4 [M+H]+. [0262] Step 2: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-amino-3-(benzyloxy)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (Int-8d4) [0263] To a solution of compound Int-8d3 (250 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added Et2NH (125 mg, 1.70 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated under high vacuum, and co-evaporated with toluene (3 mL * 3) to give compound Int-8d4 (174 mg, crude) as brown oil, which was used directly without further purification. MS (ESI) m/z: 512.3 [M+H]+. [0264] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-((S)-2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-3- methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (Int-8d6) [0265] To a solution of compound Int-8d4 (174 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) were added compound Int-8d5 (103 mg, 0.41 mmol), HATU (168 mg, 0.44 mmol) and DIEA (88 mg, 0.68 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), washed with sat. NaHCO3 solution (30 mL * 3), brine (30 mL * 3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated to give the residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with CH2Cl2 / EtOAc = 100/0~70/30). Compound Int-8d6 (230 mg, 91% yield) was obtained as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 745.4 [M+H]+. [0266] Step 4: N-(L-valyl)-O-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-L-serine (Int-8d7) [0267] To a solution of compound Int-8d6 (230 mg, 0.31 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd/C (10%, 23 mg). The mixture was stirred at r.t. under H2 (15 psi) for 1 h. H2O (3 mL) was added into the mixture, filtered, concentrated to give crude product Int-8d7 (161 mg, crude) as a white solid, which was used directly without further purification. MS (ESI) m/z: 521.3 [M+H]+. [0268] Step 5: N-(acetyl-L-valyl)-O-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-L-serine (Int-8d) [0269] To a solution of compound Int-8d7 (161 mg, 0.31 mmol) in AcOH (3 mL) was added Ac2O (316 mg, 3.09 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% TFA): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min). Compound Int- 8d (145 mg, 83.3% yield) was obtained as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 563.4 [M+H]+. Example Int-8 [0270] Step 1: (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (15-((2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-nitrophenyl)amino)-15-oxo- 3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecyl)carbamate (Int-8b) [0271] To a solution of Int-8a (762 mg, 4.51 mmol, purchase from bidepharm) and Int-2d (2.01 g, 4.1 mmol, purchase from bidepharm) in anhydrous CH2Cl2/THF(30/3 mL) was added EEDQ (1.52 g, 6.15 mmol), the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (40 mL*3), The organic phase was washed with water, brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH= 96/4) to give Int-8b (276 mg, 59% yield) as a yellow oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 638.5 [M+H]+. [0272] Step 2: (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (15-((5-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-15-oxo- 3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecyl)carbamate (Int-8c) [0273] The Int-8b (1.79 g, 2.81 mmol) and PtO2 (64 mg, 0.28 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (20 mL), the mixture was stirred at H2 atmosphere at r.t. for 2 h. The reaction solution was filtered and filtration was concentrated under vacuum to afford residue, which is purified by (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 96/4 to give Int-8c (1.11 g, 65% yield) as a yellow oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 608.3 [M+H]+. [0274] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3,19-dioxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4,20-diazatricosan-23-amido)-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (Int-8) [0275] To a solution of Int-8c (476 mg, 0.78 mmol) and Int-8d (400 mg, 0.71 mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (10mL) was added EEDQ (226 mg, 0.93 mmol), the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH) = 95/5 to give Int-8 (605 mg, 74% yield) as a yellow solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1152.5 [M+H]+. Example Int-9
[0276] Step 1: (S)-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(5-methoxy-2-nitro-4- ((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)methanone (Int-9b) [0277] To a mixture of Int-9a (1.0 g, 2.71 mmol), HOPO (452 mg, 4.07 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (15 mL) were added EDCI (780 mg, 4.07 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 10 min. Then a mixture of (S)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methanol (442 mg, 2.71 mmol), Et3N (943 μL, 6.78 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and continued to stir for 1 h at r.t. The mixture was washed with water (20 mL*2). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 50/50) to afford Int-9b (1.1 g, 79.1% yield) as a yellow solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 515.4 [M+H]+. [0278] Step 2: (S)-(3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(5- methoxy-2-nitro-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)methanone (Int-9c) [0279] To a solution of Int-9b (1.1 g, 2.14 mmol), imidazole (291 mg, 4.28 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (20 mL) were added dry TBSCl (484 mg, 3.21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 16 h. The mixture was filtrated, the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 70/30) to afford Int-9c (976 mg, 81.1% yield) as a yellow solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 629.4 [M+H]+. [0280] Step 3: (S)-(3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(4- hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)methanone (Int-9d) [0281] To a solution of Int-9c (780 mg, 1.21 mmol), DMF (10 mL) and H2O (380 μL) were added LiOAc (80 mg, 1.21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was diluted with water (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (20 mL * 2). The combined organics were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 40/60) to afford Int-9d (571 mg, 99.5% yield) as a yellow oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 473.4 [M-H]+. [0282] Step 4: (S)-(3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(4- ((5-iodopentyl)oxy)-5-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)methanone (Int-9) [0283] To a solution of Int-9d (594 mg, 1.26 mmol), 1,5-diiodopentane (936 μL, 6.29 mmol) and DMF (5 mL) were added K2CO3 (523 mg, 3.78 mmol). The mixture stirred at r.t. overnight. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (10 mL * 2). The combined organics were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 70/30) to afford Int-9 (642 mg, 76.2% yield) as a yellow oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 669.3 [M+H]+. Example Int-10 [0284] Step 1: allyl (S)-(2-(6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-4-methoxy-5-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)carbamate (Int-10b) [0285] To a 0 °C solution of Int-10a (1.0 g, 1.78 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (15 mL) were added pyridine (158 μL, 1.96 mmol). Then AllocCl (227 μL, 2.14 mmol) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min under N2. The mixture was washed with water (15 mL*2). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 70/30) to afford Int-10b (885 mg, 79.1% yield) as a yellow solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 647.3 [M+H]+. [0286] Step 2: allyl (S)-(2-(6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-10c) [0287] Int-10c (490 mg, 58.8% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 3 of example Int-9. MS (ESI) m/z: 491.4 [M+H]+. [0288] Step 3: allyl (5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-10d) [0289] To a solution of Int-9 (642 mg, 0.961 mmol), Int-10c (471 mg, 0.961 mmol) and DMF (15 mL) were added K2CO3 (398 mg, 2.88 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for overnight. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was diluted with water (30 mL), extracted with EtOAc (30 mL * 2). The combined organics were washed with brine (40 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 70/30) to afford Int-10d (874 mg, 88.3% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1031.8 [M-H]+. [0290] Step 4: allyl (5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-10) [0291] To a solution of Zn (63 mg, 0.97 mmol), EtOH (2 mL), AcOH (150 μL) and H2O (150 μL) were stirred at r.t.10 min. Then a solution of Int-10d and EtOH (1 mL) were added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 10 min. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtrated, the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 40/20) to afford Int-10 (74 mg, 76.2% yield) as a yellow oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 1002.3 [M+H]+. Example Int-12 [0292] Step 1: Allyl (S)-(2-(6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxy-5- ((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)carbamate (Int-12a) [0293] para-Toluenesulfonic acid hydrate e (417 mg, 2.19 mmol) was added to a solution of Int- 10b (2360 mg, 3.65 mmol) in THF (40 mL) and water (2 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 h at 22 °C. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (80 mL), washed with water and brine. The organic phase was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether /EtOAc = 35/65) to give Int-12a (1690 mg, 87% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 533.3 [M+H]+. [0294] Step 2: allyl (S)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-8-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)-carboxylate (Int-12b) [0295] DIAD (1.14 mL, 5.75 mmol) was added to a solution of Int-12a (1.53 g, 2.87 mmol) and PPh3 (2.26 g, 8.62 mmol) in THF (30 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 1 h at 40 °C under N2. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether /EtOAc = 35:65) to give the Int-12b (940 mg, 64% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 515.3 [M+H]+. [0296] Step 3: allyl (S)-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)-carboxylate (Int-12) [0297] LiOAc (121 mg, 1.83 mmol) was added to a solution of Int-12b (940 mg, 1.83 mmol) in wet DMF (15 mL, 49/1 DMF/water). The reaction was allowed to proceed for 2 h at 25 °C. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with H2O and brine twice. The organic phase was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether /EtOAc = 35/65) to give Int-12 (605 mg, 92% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 359.2 [M+H]+. Example Int-13 [0298] Step 1: allyl (S)-8-((5-(4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (Int-13b) [0299] Int-12 (450 mg, 1.26 mmol) and K2CO3 (226 mg, 1.63 mmol) was added to a solution of Int-13a (818 mg, 1.32 mmol) in 1 mL DMF. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, brine. The organic phase was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether /EtOAc = 35/65) to give Int-13b (930 mg, 82% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 899.5 [M+H]+. [0300] Step 2: allyl (S)-8-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a- dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (Int-13) [0301] Zinc powder (2.65 g, 38.3 mmol) was added to a mixture of ethanol (10 mL), water (0.625 mL) and AcOH (0.625 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 5 °C for 30 min. A solution of Int-13b (930 mg, 1.04 mmol) in EtOH (6 mL) was added dropwise at 5 °C. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 5 °C for 50 min. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, saturated NaHCO3, and brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether /EtOAc = 80/20) to give Int-13 (806 g, 90% yield) as a yellow solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 869.5 [M+H]+. Example Int-14
Figure imgf000066_0001
[0302] Allyl (S)-3-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6,6a,7,12- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5(14H)-carboxylate (Int-14) [0303] Int-14 was prepared according to a similar procedure described in the synthesis of Int-13 (440 mg). MS (ESI) m/z: 869.6 [M+H]+. Example Int-16 [0304] Step 1 (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-7,12-dihydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin- 14(6aH)-one (Int-16b) [0305] Int-16b was synthesized according to the procedure described in [Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2019 Sep 1;29(17):2455-2458]. [0306] Step 2 (S)-3-((5-iodopentyl)oxy)-2-methoxy-7,12-dihydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2- b]isoquinolin-14(6aH)-one (Int-16) [0307] Int-16b (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) and 1,5-diiodopentane (0.12 mL, 0.81 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMF (0.5 mL). The solution was cooled to 0 °C, K2CO3 (45 mg, 0.32 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was warmed to r.t. and stirred at r.t. for 6 h. After that, EtOAc (5 mL) was added, and the diluted organic phase was washed with H2O (10 mL) and brine (10 mL). The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by silica column gel chromatography (eluent: hexane/ EtOAc = 100/0 to 25/75) to give Int-16 as a light-yellow solid (49 mg, 60% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 505.3 [M+H]+. [0308] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.39 – 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J = 3.8, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 5.01 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.16 – 4.01 (m, 3H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.33 – 3.09 (m, 4H), 1.95 – 1.84 (m, 4H), 1.59 (tt, J = 9.8, 6.1 Hz, 2H). Example Int-17 [0309] Step 1: allyl (S)-(5-((3-(bromomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-(6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-17a) [0310] To a mixture of Int-12 (1.20 g, 2.4 mmol) and 1,3-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (3.2 g, 12.2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added K2CO3 (371.8 mg, 2.690 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL), washed with brine (20 mL * 3), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/Petroleum ether =0/100~15/85), fraction was concentrated under vacuum to give Int-17a (787.8 mg, 47.8% yield) as a colorless oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 673.4 [M+H] +. [0311] Step 2: tert-butyl (S)-(2-(6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane- 5-carbonyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate Int-17b [0312] A mixture of Int-14b (447 mg, 1.10 mmol) and Boc2O (249.1 mg, 1.43 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was stirred at 70 °C for 20 h. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 0/100~20/80) to give Int-17b (480 mg, 86.1% yield) as a colorless oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 507.5 [M+H] +. [0313] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.57 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.30 (s, 1H), 3.77 (d, J = 42.4 Hz, 5H), 3.49 (s, 1H), 3.17 (s, 1H), 1.99 (m, 4H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.64 – 0.42 (m, 4H), 0.05 (s, 6H). [0314] Step 3: allyl (5-((3-((5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-17c) [0315] To a mixture of Int-17b (480 mg, 0.95 mmol) and Int-17a (637 mg, 0.95 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added K2CO3 (157 mg, 1.14 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL), washed with brine (20 mL *3), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/Petroleum ether=0/100~30/70), fraction was concentrated under vacuum to give Int-17c (721 mg, 69.2% yield) as a colorless oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 1121.9 [M+Na]+. [0316] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 3H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 4H), 6.90 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 6.05 – 5.85 (m, 1H), 5.69 (s, 3H), 5.33 (dq, J = 17.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.26 – 5.18 (m, 1H), 5.11 (s, 4H), 4.57 (dt, J = 5.4, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (s, 2H), 3.90 – 3.62 (m, 11H), 3.49 – 3.33 (m, 3H), 3.29 (s, 2H), 2.90 (s, 10H), 2.74 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 9H), 2.50 (dt, J = 3.8, 1.9 Hz, 12H), 2.09 – 1.77 (m, 5H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.88 (s, 18H), 0.56 (ddd, J = 18.4, 11.9, 5.9 Hz, 8H), 0.02 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 12H). [0317] Step 4: allyl (5-((3-((5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Int-17) [0318] To a solution of Int-17c (711 mg, 0.647 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added TBSOTf (312 μL, 359.0 mg, 1.36 mmol) at 0 °C then stirred at the same temperature for 1 h then 2,6- lutidine (395 μL, 364 mg, 3.40 mmol) was added. Then stirred at 0 °C for 10 min. The mixture was quenched with water (30 mL), extracted CH2Cl2 (30 mL* 3). Combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 0/100~50/50) to give Int-17 (351.2 mg, 54.3% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 999.9 [M+H] +. Example Int-20 [0319] Step 1: 2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)- 4-nitrobenzyl acetate (Int-20c) [0320] To a solution of Int-20a (0.50 g, 2.09 mmol), HATU (0.95 g, 2.51 mmol) and DIPEA (728 μL, 4.18 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added Int-20b (0.84 g, 2.51 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 20 min. The mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 20/80) to give Int-20c (1.16 g, 99.9% yield) as a dark yellow oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 558.7 [M+H]+. [0321] Step 2: tert-butyl (1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-nitrophenyl)-1-oxo-5,8,11,14-tetraoxa-2- azahexadecan-16-yl)carbamate (Int-20d) [0322] To a solution of Int-20c (1.16 g, 2.10 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added K2CO3 (0.29 g, 2.10 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 5 min. The mixture was quenched with aqueous NH4Cl and partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was concentrated to give Int- 20d (0.92 g, 85.0% yield) as a dark yellow oil without further purification. MS (ESI) m/z: 516.7 [M+H]+. [0323] Step 3: tert-butyl (1-(5-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-1-oxo-5,8,11,14-tetraoxa-2- azahexadecan-16-yl)carbamate (Int-20e) [0324] To a solution of Int-20d (0.92 g, 1.78 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) was added PtO2 (138 mg, 15% w/w). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h under H2 atmosphere. The suspension was filtered through Celite, the filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (CH2Cl2/10% MeOH in CH2Cl2 = 50/50) to give Int-20e (0.84 g, 96.5% yield) as a yellow oil. MS (ESI) m/z: 468.6 [M+H]+. [0325] Step 4: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-((2,2- dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)-4- (hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5- triyl triacetate (Int-20) [0326] To a solution of Int-20e (0.72 g, 1.48 mmol) and Int-8d (1.20 g, 1.78 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2/DMF (10/0.5 mL) was added EEDQ (0.73 g, 2.97 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight and was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (CH2Cl2/10% MeOH in CH2Cl2 = 60/40) to give Int-20 (0.74 g, 48.6% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1031.0 [M+H]+. Example Int-22 [0327] Int-22 was synthesized according to a modified synthetic procedure of reference (Tetrahedron Letters 54 (2013) 349-3495). Example Int-24 [0328] Step 1 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- (hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5- triyl triacetate (Int-24) [0329] Int-8d (200 mg, 0.36 mmol) and 4-Aminobenzyl alcohol (46 mg, 0.37 mmol) was mixed in dry CH2Cl2 (1 mL). To the mixture was added EEDQ (131.9 mg, 0.53 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 12 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent was removed under vacuum to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2= 10/90) obtain Int-24 as a light-yellow solid (80 mg, 34%). MS (ESI) m/z: 668.0 [M+H]+. Example Ref-2-1 [0330] Ref-2-1a was synthesized according to the procedures described in US2015283262A1 and Org. Process Res. Dev.2018, 22, 1241−1256. [0331] Step 14-((21S,24S)-1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-11- hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-5,11a-dihydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methyl-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate (Ref-2-1) [0332] To a solution of Int-1 (5.3 mg, 0.01 mmol, prepared according to procedures described in WO2022120132 A1 and WO2022079211 A1) in 0.5 mL DMF was added HATU (5.0 mg, 0.01 mmol) and DIEA ((4 μL, 0.02 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 15 min. Ref-2-1a (10 mg, 0.01 mmol) in 0.5 mL DMF was added to the mixture at 0 °C and the reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (no formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min, the fraction was lyophilized to give Ref-2-1 (2.5 mg, 17.1% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1345.9 [M+H]+. Example Ref-2-2
Figure imgf000071_0001
[0333] Int-3 was synthesized according to the procedures described in WO 2017059289 A1 and Org. Process Res. Dev.2022, 26, 2155−2175. [0334] Step 1: (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl tert-butyl (5-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)- 21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Ref-2-2a) [0335] To a solution of Int-3 (200 mg, 0.1210 mmol) and 200 mg 4Å MS in dry THF (2.5 mL) was added triphosgene (24.9 mg, 0.084 mmol), then Et3N (64 μL, 0.462 mmol) was added at 0 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min under N2. Formation of the isocyanate was monitored by LCMS analysis by quenching with methanol. A solution of Int-2 (176 mg, 0.231 mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (13.3 mg, 0.021 mmol), Et3N (43.7 μL, 0.315 mmol) in dry THF (2.5 mL) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred for 3 h at r.t. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 4/96) to give Ref-2-2a (304 mg, 83% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1742.1 [M+H]+. [0336] Step 2: tert-butyl (5-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamate (Ref-2-2b) [0337] para-Toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (40 mg, 0.21 mmol) was added to a solution of Ref-2- 2a (304 mg, 0.17 mmol) in THF (3 mL) and water (0.15 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 4 h at 22 °C. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL), washed with water, sat. NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 5/95) to give Ref-2-2b (213 mg, 81% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1513.9 [M+H]+. [0338] Step 3: 4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19,22-trioxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)- 10-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro- 1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2- methylene-5-oxo-2,3,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)- carboxylate (Ref-2-2c) [0339] Dess–Martin periodinane (58.9 mg, 0.139 mmol) was added slowly, portion-wise to the solution of Ref-2-2b (100 mg) in dry CH2Cl2 (2 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction was then warmed to r.t. and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with sat. Na2S2O3, followed by addition of sat. NaHCO3 and water. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with sat. Na2S2O3, sat. NaHCO3 and brine, dried over Na2SO4. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 5/95) to give Ref-2-2c (80 mg, 80% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1509.8 [M+H]+. [0340] Step 4: 4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19,22-trioxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate (Ref-2-2d) [0341] Ref-2-2c (20 mg, 0.013 mmol) was cooled to -3 °C. Separately, the solution of 95% TFA in H2O (0.5 mL) was cooled to -3 °C before adding to Ref-2-2c. The reaction mixture was stirred at -3 °C for 30 min before pouring into a 1:1 solution of CHCl3 : sat. NaHCO3 (16 mL) at 0 °C. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4 before being filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was used directly for the next step. MS (ESI) m/z: 1391.7 [M+H]+. [0342] Step 5: 4-((17S,20S)-1-amino-17-isopropyl-20-methyl-15,18-dioxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa- 16,19-diazahenicosan-21-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate (Ref-2-2e) [0343] To a solution of crude Ref-2-2d (18 mg, 0.013 mmol) in 0.5 mL DMF was added Et2NH (14 μL, 0.129 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 0.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was combined was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give Ref-2-2e (5 mg, 33% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1169.7 [M+H]+. [0344] Step 6: 4-((21S,24S)-1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (11S,11aS)-11- hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate (Ref-2-2) [0345] DIEA (8.6 μL, 0.05 mmol) was added to the solution of Ref-2-2e（14.5 mg, 0.012 mmol) and Int-4 (10.8 mg, 0.037 mmol) in 1 mL DMF. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 20 min. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (no formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give Ref-2-2 (7.9 mg, 46% yield) as a light gray solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1345.7 [M+H]+. Example 2-3
[0346] Step 1: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-2a) [0347] To a mixture of Int-3 (700 mg, 0.73 mmol) (Int-3 was synthesized according to procedures described in Org. Process Res. Dev.2022,26,2155-2175) and 4Å molecular sieves (200 mg) in anhydrous THF (8 mL) were added triphosgene (80 mg, 0.27 mmol) and Et3N (224 μL, 163 mg, 1.62 mmol) at 0 °C, then stirred on ice-bath for 10 min. LCMS (quenched with MeOH) showed Int-3 was consumed. Then a mixture of Int-6 (355 mg, 0.81 mmol), Dibutyltin dilaurate (46 mg, 0.073 mmol) and Et3N (153 μL, 111 mg, 1.10 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1.5 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation, the crude was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10 g, EtOAc/Petroleum =0/100~30/70~100/0), fraction was concentrated under vacuum to give crude product, which was further purified by reserved phase chromatography (60 g C18, MeCN/H2O = 30/70~100/0) then fraction was concentrated under vacuum to give 2-2a (807 mg, 77% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1420.4 [M+H]+. [0348] Step 2: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-2-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-2b) [0349] A solution of 2-2a (784 mg, 0.55 mmol) in hexafluoro isopropanol (8 mL) in a sealed tube was heated to 80 °C for 4 days. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10 g, Methanol/ CH2Cl2 = 0/100~3/97) to give 2-2b (516 mg, 71% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1319.9 [M+H]+. [0350] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((2-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-5-((5-(4-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-((((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)- 3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-3a) [0351] To a solution of 2-2b (170 mg, 0.13 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added 4Å molecular sieves (50 mg), stirred at r.t. for 10 min. Triphosgene (14 mg, 0.048 mmol) and Et3N (40 μL, 0.28 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred on ice-bath for 15 min. A mixture of Int-8 (149 mg, 0.13 mmol), Dibutyltin dilaurate (8 mg, 0.013 mmol) and Et3N (27 μL, 0.19 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography (10 g, MeOH/ CH2Cl2 = 0/100~1/99) to give 2-3a (288 mg, 73% yield) as an off-white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 833.2 [M+3H]3+. [0352] Step 4: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((2-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)- 5-((5-(4-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-((((4- (((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)- 3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-3b) [0353] To a solution of 2-3a (285 mg, 0.114 mmol) in THF/H2O (3 mL/0.15 mL) was added PTSA (47 mg, 0.274 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1.5 h. The mixture was quenched with sat. NaHCO3 (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (20 mL* 2). Combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give crude product then purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/ CH2Cl2 = 0/100~10/90) to give 2-3b (148 mg, 56.5% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2269.5 [M+H]+. [0354] Step 5: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-10-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-2,3,5,10,11,11a- hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-2- methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-3c) [0355] To a solution of 2-3b (145 mg, 0.064 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was added Dess–Martin periodinane (68 mg, 0.16 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat.Na2S2O3/sat.NaHCO3/H2O (1:1:1, 21 mL), extracted with CH2Cl2 (20 mL * 3). Combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL * 3), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give 2-3c (159 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2265.7 [M+H]+. [0356] Step 6 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a- hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy- 2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-3d) [0357] To a mixture of 2-3c (159 mg, crude) in DMF (2 mL) was added Et2NH (73 μL, 51 mg, 0.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 40 min. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and co-evaporated with toluene (10 mL), then dissolved in MeOH/THF/H2O (1.2 mL/0.6 mL/0.6 mL), K2CO3 (97 mg, 0.7 mmol) was added at 0 °C and stirred at 0 °C for 2 h. The mixture was acidified with 1N KHSO4 to pH 5, filtered and purified by prep-HPLC (0.1% FA) (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-3d (13.5 mg, 10.9% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1763.0 [M+H]+. [0358] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene- 5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)- 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-3) [0359] To a mixture of 2-3d (13.5 mg, 0.0080 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) were added Int-4 (4.7 mg, 0.016 mmol) and DIPEA (8 μL, 6.2 mg, 0.048 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 15 min. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (0.1% FA) (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-3 (8.8 mg, 56.7% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1961.4 [M+Na] +. Example 2-5
Figure imgf000077_0001
[0360] Step 1: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-(((allyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-4a) [0361] To a 0 °C solution of Int-10 (100 mg, 0.100 mmol), 4Å Molecular Sieves (100 mg) in THF (3 mL) was added triphosgene (12 mg, 0.040 mmol) and Et3N (31 μL, 0.22 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min under N2. Then a solution of Int-6 (57 mg, 0.13 mmol), Et3N (21 μL, 0.15 mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (6.3 mg, 0.010 mmol) and THF (1 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight under N2. The mixture was filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 20/80) to afford 2-4a (140 mg, 94.0% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1490.2 [M+H]+. [0362] Step 2: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-4b) [0363] To a solution of 2-4a (140 mg, 0.095 mmol), pyrrolidine (20 μL, 0.24 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (5 mL) were added Pd(PPh3)4 (11 mg, 0.0095 mmol) under N2. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h under N2. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 95/5) to afford 2-4b (98 mg, 74.8% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1383.9 [M+H]+. [0364] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-((((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)- 3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-5a) [0365] Compound 2-5a (127 mg, 82.5% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 3 of example 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 2583.3 [M+Na]+. [0366] Step 4: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline- 2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-((((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2- ((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-5b) [0367] Compound 2-5b (170 mg, 66.4% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 4 of example 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 2333.1 [M+H]+. [0368] Step 5: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-8-((5-(((6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy- 14-oxo-5-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2- b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-5c) [0369] Compound 2-5c (50 mg, 98.2% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 5 of example 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 2329.3 [M+H]+. [0370] Step 6: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2- methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-5d) [0371] Compound 2-5d (10 mg, 32.3% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 6 of example 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 1826.8 [M+H]+. [0372] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5- trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-5) [0373] Compound 2-5 (4.6 mg, 42.6% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 7 of example 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 2024.2 [M+Na]+. Example 2-9
Figure imgf000080_0001
[0374] Step 1: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2- ((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-9a) [0375] Compound 2-9a (104 mg, 50% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 3 of example 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 2047.0 [M+H]+. [0376] Step 2: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2- ((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-9b) [0377] Compound 2-9b (72 mg, 73% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 4 of example 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 1932.9 [M+H]+. [0378] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2- ((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-9c) [0379] Compound 2-9c (52 mg, 82% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 5 of 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 1930.9 [M+H]+. [0380] Step 4: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2- ((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-9d) [0381] Crude compound 2-9d was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 6 of 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 1790.9 [M+H]+. [0382] Step 5: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2- methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-3-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)phenyl)amino)-3- oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-9e) [0383] Compound 2-9e (16 mg, 37% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 6 of 2-3. MS (ESI) m/z: 1568.7 [M+H]+. [0384] Step 6: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)-4-((((6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3- oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-9f) [0385] Compound 2-9f (10 mg, 66% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 2 of 2-5. MS (ESI) m/z: 1484.7 [M+H]+. [0386] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- ((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19- amido)-4-((((6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro- 1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-14- oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-9) [0387] Compound 2-9 (2.3 mg, 21% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 7 of 2-5. MS (ESI) m/z: 1660.8 [M+H]+. Example 2-11
Figure imgf000082_0001
[0388] Step1: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14-oxo- 5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)- 6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)- 3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate. (2-11a) [0389] To a solution of Int-14 (200 mg, 0.23 mmol) and 195 mg 4Å MS in dry THF (2.5 mL) was added Triphosgene (28.1 mg, 0.083 mmol), then Et3N (72 μL, 0.507 mmol) was added at 0 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min under N2. Formation of the isocyanate was monitored by LCMS analysis by quenching with methanol. A solution of Int-8 (300 mg, 0.260 mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (15.3 mg, 0.023 mmol), Et3N (48.1 μL, 0.338 mmol) in dry THF (2.5 mL) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred for 3 h at rt. The mixture was filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 96/4 to give 2-11a (276 mg, 59% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2046.1 [M+H]+. [0390] Step 2: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14-oxo- 5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)- 3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-11b) [0391] para-Toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (31 mg, 0.16 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-11a (276 mg, 0.13 mmol) in THF (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 4 h at 22 °C. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL), washed with water, NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 95/5) to give 2-11b (195 mg, 63% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1934.1 [M+H]+. [0392] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14- oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)- 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido- 3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-11c) [0393] Dess–Martin periodinane (50 mg, 0.118 mmol) was added slowly, portion-wise to the solution of 2-11b (195 mg) in dry CH2Cl2 (2 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction was then warmed to r.t. and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with sat. Na2S2O3, followed by addition of sat. NaHCO3 and water. The layers were separated and organic layer was washed with sat. Na2S2O3, sat. NaHCO3 and brine, dried over Na2SO4. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 95/5) to give 2-11c (156 mg, 80% yield) white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1932.1 [M+H]+. [0394] Step 4: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14- oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)- 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido- 3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2- 11d) [0395] LiBr (860 mg, 100 mmol) was dissolved in MeCN/H2O (1/0.1 mL), then 2-11c (156 mg, 0.101 mmol) was added to the mixture. The Et3N (138 μL, 1.01 mmol) was added to the reaction at r.t. and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was neutralized with AcOH (57 μL, 1.01 mmol) and concentrated. The residue (2-11d) was used directly for the next step. MS (ESI) m/z: 1791.9 [M+H]+. [0396] Step 5: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((S)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-3-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2- 11e) [0397] To a solution of crude 2-11d (144 mg, 0.101 mmol) in 2 mL DMF was added Et2NH (200 μL, 1.01 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 0.5 h. The mixture was concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column:XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-11e (51.4 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1569.7 [M+H]+. [0398] Step 6: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5- (((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)- 3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-11f) [0399] Pd(PPh3)4 (1.2 mg, 0.021 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-11e (51 mg, 0.033 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) and Et2NH (20 μL, 0.33 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 1 h at 0 °C. The reaction was neutralized with AcOH (10 μL, 0.33 mmol) and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column:XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2- 11f (28 mg, 57.7% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1484.6 [M+H]+. [0400] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- ((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19- amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-11) [0401] DIEA (11.1 μL, 0.064 mmol) was added to the solution of 2-11f (28 mg, 0.019 mmol) and Int-4 (16.4 mmol, 0.057 mmol) in 1 mL DMF. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 20 min. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column:XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-11 (3.6 mg, 11.7% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1661.8 [M+H]+. Example 2-13
[0402] Step 1: allyl (S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6a,7,12,14- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-11,11a- dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (2-13a) [0403] Int-16 (148 mg, 0.29 mmol) and Int-12 (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) was mixed in dry DMF (1 mL). To the mixture was added K2CO3 (42.4 mg, 0.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was then diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), washed with H2O (10 mL), and brine (5 mL). The organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/ EtOAc = 50/50) obtain 2-13a as a white solid (160 mg, 73.7% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 735.9 [M+H]+. [0404] Step 2: (S)-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-7,12- dihydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-14(6aH)-one (13b) [0405] To a solution of 2-13a (160 mg, 0.2 mmol) in 2 mL CH2Cl2 was added Pd(PPh3)4 (5 mg, cat.) and pyrrolidine (45.8 μL, 0.037 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction solution was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/ EtOAc = 25/75) obtain 2-13b as a white solid (114 mg, 80.4%). MS (ESI) m/z: 651.1 [M+H]+. [0406] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6a,7,12,14- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-13c) [0407] Int-8 (120 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry CH2Cl2 (2 mL), 4Å molecular sieves (120 mg) was added, followed by addition of dry pyridine (42 μL, 0.52 mmol). The mixture was cooled to -78 °C, then triphosgene (24.6 mg, 0.083 mmol) in 0.5 mL CH2Cl2 was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 15 min under a nitrogen atmosphere.2-13b (234.1 mg, 0.25 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added. The reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. The reaction solution was concentrated, filtrated, and purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B- acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-13c as a white solid after lyophilization (35 mg, 18% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1829.9 [M+H]+. [0408] Step 4: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-13d) [0409] To a solution of 2-13c (35 mg, 0.02 mmol) in 2 mL CH2Cl2 was added NaBH(OAc)3 (8.11 mg,0.038mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction solution was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The reaction solution was washed with H2O (2 mL), and brine (2 mL). The organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a crude product 2-13d as a white solid (30 mg, 86%), which was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) m/z: 1830.0 [M+H]+. [0410] Step 5: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)-4-((((S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo- 5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-13e) [0411] To a solution of sat. LiBr (200 μL) in CH3CN/H2O (10/1, v/v) and Et3N (0.082mmol, 11.36 μL) was added 2-13d (30 mg, 0.016 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 6 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent was removed by evaporation to give crude product as a yellow oil, which was directly used in the next step without further purification. [0412] To the above crude product in 1 mL DMF was added Et2NH (0.16 mmol, 16.8 μL) at 0 °C. The reaction solution stirred at 0 °C for 2 h. The reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2- 13e as a white solid after lyophilization (8 mg, 33% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1469.4 [M+H]+. [0413] Step 6: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- ((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19- amido)-4-((((S)-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-13) [0414] To a solution of 2-13e (8 mg, 0.005 mmol) in 0.5 mL DMF was added Int-4 (3.15 mg, 0.011 mmol) and DIPEA (5.22 μL, 0.027 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h. The reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-13 as a white solid after lyophilization (2.1 mg, 32.4% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1645.5 [M+H]+. Example 2-15
Figure imgf000088_0001
[0415] Step 1: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((3-((5-(((allyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-14a) [0416] To a mixture of Int-17 (340 mg, 0.34 mmol) and 4Å molecular sieves (100 mg) in anhydrous THF (4 mL) were added triphosgene (38 mg, 0.13 mmol) and Et3N (236 μL, 172 mg, 1.70 mmol) at 0 °C, then stirred on ice-bath for 10 min. A mixture of Int-6 (180 mg, 0.41 mmol), Dibutyltin dilaurate (21 mg, 0.034 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation, the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10 g, EtOAc/Petroleum =0/100~50/50), fraction was concentrated under vacuum to give 2-14a (435.6 mg, 87.4% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1466.4 [M+H] +. [0417] Step 2: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((3-((5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-14b) [0418] To a mixture of 2-14a (435.6 mg, 0.30 mmol) in THF (5.0 mL) were added Dimedone (83 mg, 0.59 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (34 mg, 0.030 mmol). The light-yellow mixture was degassed with nitrogen balloon for three times, then stirred at r.t. for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was filtered and washed with CH2Cl2, then concentrated under vacuum. The crude residue was purified by reserved phase chromatography (C18, MeCN/H2O = 20/80 ~ 100/0), fraction was concentrated under vacuum to give 2-14b (375 mg, 91.3% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1382.4 [M+H] +. [0419] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((3-((4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-((((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)- 3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-15a) [0420] 2-14b (125 mg, 0.09 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (2 mL), 4Å molecular sieves (125 mg) was added. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C, then triphosgene (9.7 mg, 0.033 mmol) was added, followed by addition of Et3N (28 μL, 0.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 15 min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Int-8 (114.7 mg, 0.1 mmol), triethylamine (19 μL, 0.14 mmol) and dibutyltin dilaurate (10.7 μL, 0.018 mmol) was mixed in dry THF (1 mL), and then this solution was gradually added to the above reaction solution at 0 °C. The reaction solution was warm to r.t. and stirred for 4 h. The reaction solution was concentrated, and then purified by column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2= 5/95) to obtain 2-15a as a white solid (180 mg, 77.8% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2559.4 [M+H]+. [0421] Step 4: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((3-((4-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-((((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2- ((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-15b) [0422] Compound 2-15a (180 mg, 0.07 mmol) was dissolved in THF/H2O (2 mL/40 μL, 50/1), TsOH.H2O (20 mg, 0.105 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The solvent was then removed by evaporation, the residue was purified by column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2= 10/90) to obtain 2-15b as a white solid (160 mg, 97.6% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2331.2 [M+H]+. [0423] Step 5: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-8-((3-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-10-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-15c) [0424] To a solution of 2-15b (160 mg, 0.07 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (64 mg, 0.15 mmol) at r.t., and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was then diluted with CH2Cl2 (10 mL), washed with sat. Na2S2O3 (5 mL) and brine (5 mL). The organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2= 5/95) obtain 2-15c as a yellow solid (97 mg, 60.6% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2326.8 [M+H]+. [0425] Step 6: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((3-((((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-11- hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5- trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-15d) [0426] To a solution of sat. LiBr (400 μL) in CH3CN/H2O (10/1, v/v) and Et3N (0.23 mmol, 32.16 μL) was added 2-15c (54 mg, 0.023 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent was removed by evaporation to give crude product as a yellow oil, which was directly used in the next step without further purification. [0427] To the above crude product in 1 mL DMF was added Et2NH (0.23 mmol, 24 μL) at 0 °C. The reaction solution stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h. The reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2- 15d as a white solid after lyophilization (16 mg, 38% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1826.4 [M+H]+. [0428] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((3-((((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-15) [0429] To a solution of 2-15d (15 mg, 0.008 mmol) in 0.5 mL DMF was added Int-4 (4.75 mg, 0.016 mmol) and DIPEA (7.9 μL, 0.041 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. The reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-15 as a white solid after lyophilization (6.1 mg, 37% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2001.8 [M+H]+. Example 2-17
[0430] Step 1: Allyl (S)-8-((3-(bromomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro- 1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)-carboxylate (2- 16a) [0431] To a solution of Int-12 (162 mg, 0.45 mmol) and 1,3-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (596 mg, 2.26 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) were added K2CO3 (94 mg, 0.68 mmol) at r.t. After addition, the reaction mixture was reacted at r.t. for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with sat. NH4Cl (15 mL), H2O (15 mL) and brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (A-Petroleum ether; B-EtOAc) to provide 2- 16a (195 mg, 79.5% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 541.3 [M+H]+. [0432] Step 2: Allyl (S)-8-((3-((5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (2-16b) [0433] To a solution of Int-14b (243 mg, 0.60 mmol) in DMF (6.5 mL) were added t-BuOK (69 mg, 0.60 mmol) on ice-bath and stirred for 0.5 h. Then 2-16a (295 mg, 0.54 mmol) was added at this temperature and stirred for another 0.5 h. The mixture was quenched with sat. NH4Cl (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL * 3). The combined organic layer was washed with H2O (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (A-Petroleum ether; B-EtOAc) to provide 2-16b (376.3 mg, 79.6% yield) as a pale-yellow solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 868.1 [M+H]+. [0434] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((2S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((3-((((3aR)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-8-methoxy-10- oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-7- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2- ((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-17a) [0435] Compound 2-17a (312 mg, 80% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 1 of example 2-11. MS (ESI) m/z: 1931.1 [M+H]+. [0436] Step 4: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((2S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((3-((((3aR)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-8-methoxy-10- oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-7- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)- 3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-17b) [0437] Compound 2-17b (285 mg, 97% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 2 of example 2-11. MS (ESI) m/z: 1661.8 [M+H]+. [0438] Step 5: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((2S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((3-((((3aR)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-8- methoxy-10-oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-7-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-17c) [0439] Compound 2-17c (285 mg, 97% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 3 of example 2-11. MS (ESI) m/z: 1921.1 [M+H]+. [0440] Step 6: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((2S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((3-((((3aR)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-8- methoxy-10-oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-7-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)- 3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-17d) [0441] Compound 2-17d (crude) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 4 of example 2-11. MS (ESI) m/z: 1789.1 [M+H]+. [0442] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((2S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((11S,11aS)-8-((3-((((3aR)-5-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-8-methoxy-10-oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a- hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-7- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-3-(1- amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5- trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-17e) [0443] Compound 2-17e (120 mg, two step 75% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 5 of example 2-11. MS (ESI) m/z: 1566.7 [M+H]+. [0444] Step 8: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((2S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((3- ((((3aR)-8-methoxy-10-oxo-3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine- 2,1'-cyclopropan]-7-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-17f) [0445] Compound 2-17f (113 mg, 50% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 6 of example 2-11. MS (ESI) m/z: 1482.6 [M+H]+. [0446] Step 9: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((2S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((3-(1- ((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19- amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((3-((((3aR)-8-methoxy-10-oxo- 3,3a,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-spiro[benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]azepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-7- yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)oxy)-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)- 3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-17) [0447] Compound 2-17 (7.1 mg, 3.2% yield, 97% purity) was synthesized according to procedure of step 7 of example 2-11. MS (ESI) m/z: 1658.9 [M+H]+. Example 2-26 [0448] Step 1: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-(((allyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-4a) [0449] To a 0 °C solution of Int-10 (100 mg, 0.100 mmol), Molecular Sieves Pack 4Å (100 mg) in THF (3 mL) were added triphosgene (12 mg, 0.040 mmol) and Et3N (31 μL, 0.22 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min under N2. Then a solution of Int-6 (57 mg, 0.13 mmol), Et3N (21 μL, 0.15 mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (6.3 mg, 0.010 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight under N2. The mixture was filtrated. The filterate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether/EtOAc = 20/80) to afford 2-4a (140 mg, 94.0% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1490.2 [M+H]+. [0450] Step 2: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-4b) [0451] To a solution of 2-4a (140 mg, 0.095 mmol), pyrrolidine (20 μL, 0.24 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (5 mL) were added Pd(PPh3)4 (11 mg, 0.0095 mmol) under N2. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h under N2. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 95/5) to afford 2-4b (98 mg, 74.8% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1383.9 [M+H]+. [0452] Step 3: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-26a) [0453] To the solution of 2-4b (160 mg, 0.12 mmol) and 4Å MS (300 mg) in THF (3 mL) was added triphosgene (14 mg, 0.05 mmol) and triethylamine (35.36 μL, 0.25 mmol) under N2 atmosphere at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min. Then a solution of Int-20 (105 mg, 0.10 mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (7.5 μL, 0.01mmol) and triethylamine (22 μL, 0.03 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added and stirred at r.t. for 16 h. The mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by silica column gel chromatography (eluent: CH2Cl2/ MeOH = 100/0 to 20/1) to give 2-26a as a yellow solid (145 mg, 51.4 % yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2439.1 [M+H]+. [0454] Step 4: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-26b) [0455] To the solution of 2-26a (142 mg, 0.06 mmol) in THF (2 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was added para-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (27 mg, 0.14 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 8 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (5 mL), extracted with EtOAc (5 mL * 3). The organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give 2-26b (140 mg, crude) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step without purification. MS (ESI) m/z: 2210.9 [M+H]+. [0456] Step 5: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- 3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-26c) [0457] To the solution of 2-26b (130 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH2Cl2 was added Dess–Martin periodinane (70 mg, 0.16 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 10 h. To the solution was added sat. Na2S2O3 (2 mL) and sat. NaHCO3 (2 mL), extracted with CH2Cl2 (5 mL * 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give the residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography (eluent: CH2Cl2/ MeOH = 100/0 to 20/1) to give 2-26c (70 mg, 53.9% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2206.8 [M+H]+. [0458] Step 6: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-26d) [0459] To the solution of 2-26c (70 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (0.2 mL) was added a mixture solution of CH2Cl2/TFA/H2O (0.8/0.8/0.1mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2 h. Sat. NaHCO3 (2 mL) was added and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 mL * 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give 2-26d (80 mg, crude) as a brown solid, which was used for next step without purification MS (ESI) m/z: 2106.8 [M+H]+. [0460] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2- methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-26e) [0461] 2-26d (80 mg, crude) was added to a solution of LiBr (306 mg, 3.52 mmol) in CH3CN/H2O (0.8/0.08 mL), then Et3N (35.36 μL, 0.25 mmol) was added to the mixture and stirred at r.t. for 5 h. The mixture was neutralized with AcOH (21 μL, 0.35 mmol) and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min to give 2-26e (12 mg, 24.5% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1826.8 [M+H]+. [0462] Step 8: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azaoctadecan-18-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5- trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-26) [0463] To the solution of 2-26e (12 mg, 0.007 mmol) and Int-4 (5.7 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIEA (4.59 μL, 0.026 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 0.5 h. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min to give compound 2-26 (5.1 mg, 38.7% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2003.1 [M+H]+. Example 2-27
Figure imgf000099_0001
[0464] Step 1: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-((((3-nitro-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5- triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)- 3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-27a) [0465] A solution of the compound of 2-7b (160 mg, 0.11 mmol) and 4Å molecular sieves (160 mg) in THF (2 mL) was placed in ice bath and triphosgene (11.6 mg, 0.039 mmol) was added, then Et3N (34 μL, 0.25 mmol) was added dropwise, the reaction was stirred at 0°C for 10 min. A mixed solution of Int-8 (142 mg, 0.12 mmol) and Et3N (24 μL, 0.25 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added to above reaction solution, followed by addition of dibutyltin dilaurate (8 μL, 0.01 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 h. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 96/4) to give 2- 27a (209 mg, 72% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2608.1 [M+H]+. [0466] Step 2: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((5-((5-(4-((S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline- 2-carbonyl)-2-methoxy-5-((((3-nitro-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2- ((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate(2-27b) [0467] A solution of 2-27a (209 mg, 0.08 mmol) in THF/H2O (3 mL/150 μL) was added P- Toluenesulfonic Acid (37 mg, 0.19 mmol), the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h. The solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH=95/5) to give 2- 27b (117 mg, 61% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2379.6 [M+H]+. [0468] Step 3: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-11-hydroxy-8-((5-(((6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy- 5-(((3-nitro-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2- b]isoquinolin-3-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyltriacetate(2-27c) [0469] A solution of 2-27b (117 mg, 0.06 mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was added Dess- Martin periodinane (45 mg, 0.17 mmol) at 0 °C, the solution was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. the solution was quenched by adding sat. Na2S2O3, then diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (10 mL*3). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under vacuum to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH=94/6) to give 2-27c (97.5 mg, 83.6% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2376.1 [M+H]+. [0470] Step 4: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-3-((3-(1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa- 4-azanonadecan-19-amido)-4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((6S,6aS)-5-(((4-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6- carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-3-nitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-6-hydroxy- 2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-3- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-oxopropoxy)- 3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-27d). [0471] A solution of 2-27c (97 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH3CN/H2O (1 mL/ 0.1 mL) was added LiBr (521 mg, 6 mmol) and Et3N (83 μL, 0.6 mmol), the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The solution was neutralized with AcOH (36 μL, 0.6 mmol), and concentrated to give a crude product which was used directly in the next step (2-27d). MS (ESI) m/z: 2095.2 [M+H]+. [0472] Step 5: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecan-15- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2- methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14-hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-27e) [0473] To a solution of 2-27d in DMF (1 mL) was added dropwise Et2NH (25 μL, 0.3 mmol) at r.t., the solution was stirred at r.t. for 1h. The solution was neutralized with AcOH (14 μL, 0.3 mmol), The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column:XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-27e (15 mg, 12.1% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1873.1 [M+H]+. [0474] Step 6: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16- pentaoxa-4-azanonadecan-19-amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo- 5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)- 3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-27) [0475] A solution of 2-27e (15 mg 0.008 mmol) and Int-4 (7 mg, 0.024 mmol) in DMF (1mL) was dropped DIEA (4.5 μL, 0.024 mmol), the solution was stirred at r.t. for 0.5 h. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column:XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-27 (4.1 mg, 12.1% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2049.2 [M+H]+. Example 2-28
[0476] Step 1: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-(((allyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-7a) [0477] Compound 2-7a (340 mg, 86.5% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 1 of example 2-26. MS (ESI) m/z: 1513.1 [M+Na]+. [0478] Step 2: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-amino-4-((S)-6-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-7b) [0479] Compound 2-7b (127 mg, 55.0% yield) was synthesized according to synthetic procedure of step 2 of example 2-26. MS (ESI) m/z: 1428.9 [M+H]+. [0480] Step 3: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-28a) [0481] To a solution of 2-7b (160 mg, 0.112 mmol) and 200 mg 4Å MS in THF (2.5 mL) was added triphosgene (13.3 mg, 0.045 mmol), then Et3N (34 μL, 0.247 mmol) was added at 0 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min under N2. Formation of the isocyanate was monitored by LCMS analysis by quenching with methanol. A solution of Int-20 (127 mg, 0.123 mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (7.1 mg, 0.011 mmol), Et3N (24 μL, 0.168 mmol) in THF (2.5 mL) was added to the mixture at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred for 8 h at r.t. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 97/3) to give 2-28a (109 mg, 64% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2484.2 [M+H]+. [0482] Step 4: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-28b) [0483] Para-Toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (10 mg, 0.05 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-28a (109 mg, 0.04 mmol) in THF (1 mL) and water (0.05 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 4 h at 22 °C. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL), washed with water, sat. NaHCO3 and brine. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 98.5/1.5) to give 2-28b (40 mg, 40% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2255.9 [M+H]+. [0484] Step 5: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- 3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)- 6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-28c) [0485] Dess–Martin periodinane (16.6 mg, 0.039 mmol) was added slowly, portion-wise to the solution of 2-28b (40 mg, 0.018 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (0.5 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction was then warmed to r.t. and stirred 5 h. The reaction was quenched with sat. Na2S2O3, followed by addition of sat. NaHCO3 and water. The layers were separated and the organic layer was collected, washed with sat. Na2S2O3, sat. NaHCO3 and brine, dried over Na2SO4. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 95/5) to give 2-28c (30 mg, 75% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2251.9 [M+H]+. [0486] Step 6: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)- 6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-28d) [0487] To a cooled mixed solution of CH2Cl2/TFA/H2O (0.8/0.8/0.1 mL) (-5 °C) was added a solution of 2-28c (25 mg, 0.01 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (0.3 mL) at -5 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 1 h at -5 °C. The mixture was poured into -5 °C CHCl3/sat NaHCO3 (1/1) mixed solution. The mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2/MeOH = 10/1, and the organic layer was washed with brine. The mixture was dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH =92/8) to give 2-28d (20 mg, 83.7% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2151.9 [M+H]+. [0488] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a- tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)- 3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-28e) [0489] To a LiBr saturated solution (1 mL, ~ 232 mg, 2.67 mmol) in MeCN/H2O (0.8/0.08 mL) was added 2-28d (18 mg, 0.008 mmol) at r.t. Then Et3N (11.7 μL, 0.84 mmol) was added to the reaction at r.t. and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The mixture was neutralized with AcOH (4.78 μL, 0.084 mmol). The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-28e (5.5 mg, 34% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1871.9 [M+H]+. [0490] Step 8: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azaoctadecan-18-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-5,6,6a,7,12,14- hexahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-2-nitrophenoxy)- 3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-28f) [0491] DIEA (2.24 μL, 0.013 mmol) was added to the solution of 2-28e (6 mg, 0.003 mmol) and Int-4 (2.8 mg, 0.010 mmol) in 1 mL DMF. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 30 min. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-28f (3.1 mg, 47% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2047.8 [M+H]+. Example 2-30
Figure imgf000105_0001
[0492] Step 1: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-30a) [0493] A solution of the compound of 2-2b (100 mg, 0.076 mmol) and 4Å molecular sieves (100 mg) in THF (2 mL) was placed on ice bath and triphosgene (8 mg, 0.027 mmol) was added, then Et3N (24 μL, 0.17 mmol) was added slowly, the reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min. A solution of Int-20 (86 mg, 0.084 mmol) and Et3N (16 μL, 0.15 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added to above reaction solution, followed by addition of dibutyltin dilaurate (6 μL, 0.008 mmol), the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 96/4 to give 2-30a (117.5 mg, 65.3% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2376.7 [M+H]+. [0494] Step 2: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((5-((5-(5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3- methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1- carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-30b) [0495] A solution of 2-30a (117.5 mg, 0.05 mmol) in THF/H2O (2 mL/200 μL) was added P- Toluenesulfonic Acid (23 mg, 0.12 mmol), the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h. the solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH=95/5) to give 2- 30b (60 mg, 56% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2148.3 [M+H]+. [0496] Step 3: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- 3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin- 8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-30c) [0497] A solution of 2-30b (60 mg, 0.028 mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was added Dess- Martin periodinane (33 mg, 0.078 mmol) at 0 °C, the solution was stirred at r.t. for 4 h. the solution was quenched with sat. Na2S2O3, then diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (10 mL*3), the organic phase was washed with brine, sat. NaHCO3, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 94/6) to give 2-30c (47.5 mg, 79.2% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2144.2 [M+H]+. [0498] Step 4: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo- 2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11- hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-30d) [0499] To a solution of 2-30c (45 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (0.5 mL) was added a mixed solution of CH2Cl2/TFA/H2O (0.8 mL/0.8 mL/0.1 mL), the mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. the solution was neutralized with 10% NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (10 mL*2), the organic phase was washed with water, brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH=94/6) to give 2-30d (31 mg, 72.3% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2044.2 [M+H]+. [0500] Step 5: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12- tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo- 2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11- hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-30e) [0501] LiBr (131 mg, 1.52 mmol) was dissolved in MeCN/H2O (1/0.1 mL), then 2-30d (31 mg, 0.015 mmol) was added to the mixture. Et3N (16 μL, 0.16 mmol) was added to the reaction at r.t. and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column:XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% formic acid): B- acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-30e (15.5 mg, 58% yield) as a white solid after lyophilization. MS (ESI) m/z: 1763.8 [M+H]+. [0502] Step 6: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(((R)-7-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl- 4,11-dioxo-3,10,15,18,21,24-hexaoxa-5,12-diazahexacosan-26- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a- hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy- 2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-30f) [0503] To a solution of 2-30e (15 mg 0.0085 mmol) and Int-22 (7 mg, 0.013 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added dropwise DIEA (7.5 μL, 0.043 mmol), the solution was stirred at r.t. for 0.5 h. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column:XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2- 30f (10 mg, 54.9% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 2074.1 [M+H]+. [0504] Step 7: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-(((R)-21-amino-20-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-16- oxo-3,6,9,12,17-pentaoxa-15-azahenicosyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin- 8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5- trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-30) [0505] To a solution of 2-30f (10 mg, 0.0048) in CH2Cl2/H2O (1 mL/0.1 mL) was added TFA (0.2 mL), the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. the reaction was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column:XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1% formic acid): B- acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-30 (5.4 mg, 56.8% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1974.1 [M+H]+. Example 2-32
Figure imgf000109_0001
[0506] Step 1 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4-((((5-((5- (5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert- butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-32a) [0507] Int-3 (110 mg, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (1 mL), 4Å molecular sieves (110 mg) was added. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C, then triphosgene (12.35 mg, 0.042 mmol) was added, followed by addition of triethylamine (36 μL, 0.25 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 15 min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Int-24 (81 mg, 0.12 mmol), triethylamine (24.3 μL, 0.17 mmol) and dibutyltin dilaurate (13.7 μL, 0.023 mmol) was mixed in dry THF (1 mL), and this solution was gradually added to the above reaction solution at 0 °C. The reaction solution was warmed to r.t. and stirred for 3 h. The reaction solution was concentrated, and then purified by column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2= 5/95) to obtain 2-32a as a yellow solid (126 mg, 66.3% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1647.0 [M+H]+. [0508] Step 2 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4-((((5-((5- (5-amino-4-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3- oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-32b) [0509] 2-32a (100 mg, 0.06 mmol) was dissolved in Hexafluoroisopropanol (2 mL). The mixture was heated at 80 °C in a seal tube for 4 days, then the solvent was removed by evaporation. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2 = 5/95) to obtain 2-32b as a light-yellow solid (66 mg, 71% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1547.6 [M+H]+. [0510] Step 3 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4-((((5-((5- (5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- 3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2- (((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4- methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3- oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-32c) [0511] 2-32b (66 mg, 0.043 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (1 mL), 4Å molecular sieves (100 mg) was added. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C, then triphosgene (4.6 mg, 0.015 mmol) was added, followed by addition of Et3N (13 μL, 0.94 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 15 min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Int-20 (46 mg, 0.045 mmol), Et3N (9 μL, 0.064 mmol) and dibutyltin dilaurate (5 μL, 0.009 mmol) was mixed in dry THF (1 mL), and this solution was gradually added to the above reaction solution at 0 °C. The reaction solution was warm to r.t. and stirred for 16 h. The reaction solution was concentrated, and then purified by column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2 = 10/90) to obtain 2-32c as a white solid (63 mg, 56.8% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2602.3 [M+H]+. [0512] Step 4 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4-((((5-((5- (5-((((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- 3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2- (hydroxymethyl)-4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4- methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-6- (methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-32d) [0513] 2-32c (63 mg, 0.024 mmol) was dissolved in THF/H2O (1 mL/20 μL, 50/1), TsOH.H2O (9.2 mg, 0.048 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h. The solvent was then removed by evaporation, the residue was purified by column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2= 10/90) to obtain 2-32d as a white solid (25.5 mg, 44.3% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2374.8 [M+H]+. [0514] Step 5 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3- (((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-5-azanonadecan-19- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a- hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy- 2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-32e) [0515] To a solution of 2-32d (25 mg, 0.011 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (11 mg, 0.025 mmol) at r.t., and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 12 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was then diluted with CH2Cl2 (10 mL), washed with sat. Na2S2O3 (1 mL) and brine (5 mL). The organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2 = 10/90) obtain 2-32e as a white solid (20 mg, 83% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2370.3 [M+H]+. [0516] Step 6 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3- (((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((14-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)- 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a- hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3- oxopropoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (2-32f) [0517] 2-32e (20 mg, 0.008 mmol) was added to a mixed solution of CH2Cl2/TFA/H2O (1 mL; 8/8/1 v/v) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was then diluted with CH2Cl2 (5 mL), washed with sat. NaHCO3 (1 mL) and brine (5 mL). The organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2= 15/85) obtain 2-32f as a white solid (18 mg, 95% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2270.8 [M+H]+. [0518] Step 7 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3- (((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2- ((14-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy- 2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8- yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)- 3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-32g) [0519] To a solution of sat. LiBr (1 mL) in CH3CN/H2O (10/1, v/v) and Et3N (0.4 mmol, 50 μL) was added 2-32f (18 mg, 0.007 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent was removed by evaporation to give crude product as a yellow solid, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-32g as a white solid after lyophilization (5.6 mg, 42.6% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1990.7 [M+H]+. [0520] Step 8 (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-((4- ((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3- (((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2- ((1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azaoctadecan-18- yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a- hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy- 2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- carboxylic acid (2-32) [0521] To a solution of 2-32g (5.6 mg, 0.003 mmol) in 0.5 mL DMF was added Int-4 (1.8 mg, 0.006 mmol) and DIPEA (2.9 μL, 0.015 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. The reaction solution was neutralized with AcOH, and then purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to provide 2-32 as a white solid after lyophilization (4.5 mg, 69.2% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 2166.5 [M+H]+. Example 2-33
Figure imgf000113_0001
[0522] Step 1: allyl (S)-8-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a- dihydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)- carboxylate (2-33a) [0523] To a solution of Int-13 (150 mg, 0.173 mmol) and 200 mg 4Å MS in THF (2.5 mL) was added triphosgene (20.5 mg, 0.069 mmol), then Et3N (53 μL, 0.380 mmol) was added at 0 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min under N2. Formation of the isocyanate was monitored by LCMS analysis by quenching with methanol. A solution of Int-2 (145 mg, 0.190 mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (10.9 mg, 0.017 mmol), Et3N (36 μL, 0.259 mmol) in THF (2.5 mL) was added to the mixture at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred for 3 h at r.t. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 4/96) to give (2-33a (260 mg, 91% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1657.8 [M+H]+. [0524] Step 2: allyl (S)-8-((5-(5-((((4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25- amido)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2- carbonyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)pentyl)oxy)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropane]-10(5H)-carboxylate (2-33b) [0525] Para-Toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (29.8 mg, 0.16 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-33a (260 mg, 0.16 mmol) in THF (6 mL) and water (0.3 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir overnight at 22 °C. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water and brine. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 5/95) to give 2-33b (172 mg, 71% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1543.8 [M+H]+. [0526] Step 3: 4-((21S,24S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl-3,19,22-trioxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10- ((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6,6a,7,12- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5(14H)-carboxylate (2-33c) [0527] Dess–Martin periodinane (52 mg, 0.123 mmol) was added slowly, portion-wise to the solution of 2-33b (172 mg) in dry CH2Cl2 (2.5 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction was then warmed to r.t. and stirred for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with sat. Na2S2O3, followed by addition of sat. NaHCO3 and water. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with sat. Na2S2O3, sat. NaHCO3 and brine, dried over Na2SO4. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH = 5/95) to give 2-33c (130 mg, 76% yield). MS (ESI) m/z: 1541.8 [M+H]+. [0528] Step 4: 4-((17S,20S)-1-amino-17-isopropyl-20-methyl-15,18-dioxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa- 16,19-diazahenicosan-21-amido)benzyl (6S,6aS)-3-((5-(((S)-10-((allyloxy)carbonyl)-7-methoxy- 5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'- cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-14-oxo-6,6a,7,12- tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5(14H)-carboxylate (2-33d) [0529] To a solution of 2-33c (50 mg, 0.04 mmol) in 2 mL DMF was added Et2NH (38 μL, 0.37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated to give the crude product which was used directly for the next step. [0530] MS (ESI) m/z: 1319.7 [M+H]+. [0531] Step 5: 4-((17S,20S)-1-amino-17-isopropyl-20-methyl-15,18-dioxo-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa- 16,19-diazahenicosan-21-amido)benzyl (6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-5- oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H-spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]- 8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-14-oxo-6,6a,7,12-tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline- 5(14H)-carboxylate (2-33e) [0532] Pd(PPh3)4 (2.15 mg, 0.002 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-33d (49 mg, 0.037 mmol) in THF (2 mL) and dimedone (10.42 mg, 0.074 mmol) at r.t. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 1 h at r.t. The reaction was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-33e (19.3 mg, 42% yield, two steps) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1235.6 [M+H]+. [0533] Step 6: 4-((21S,24S)-1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-21-isopropyl-24-methyl- 3,19,22-trioxo-2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4,20,23-triazapentacosan-25-amido)benzyl (6S,6aS)-6- hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-5-oxo-5,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H,3H- spiro[benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-2,1'-cyclopropan]-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-14-oxo- 6,6a,7,12-tetrahydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-5(14H)-carboxylate (2-33) [0534] DIEA (10.9 μL, 0.063 mmol) was added to the solution of 2-33e（19.3 mg, 0.016 mmol) and Int-4 (13.6 mg, 0.047 mmol) in 1 mL DMF. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 20 min. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min) to give 2-33 (9.8 mg, 44% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1411.7 [M+H]+. Example 2-36 [0535] Step 1: (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(4-((((11S,11aS)-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-10-(((4-((S)-2-((S)-2- acetamido-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)oxy)propanamido)-2-((1-((1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl)-3-oxo- 2,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-4-azaoctadecan-18-yl)carbamoyl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-11-hydroxy-7- methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin- 8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylene-5-oxo-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H- benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3,4,5- trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2-36) [0536] To the solution of 2-30f (2.6 mg, 0.001 mmol) and Int-4 (1.3 mg, 0.004 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIEA (3 μL, 0.01 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A- water (0.1% formic acid): B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min to give compound 2-36 (2.2 mg, 77.2% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z: 1939.2 [M+H]+. [0537] The foregoing conjugator-linker-payload compounds are summarized below in Table 1. Table 1: Conjugator-linker-payloads
Figure imgf000116_0001
Figure imgf000117_0001
Figure imgf000118_0001
Example 2: Antibody drug conjugate preparation and characterization [0538] DAR2 antibody drug conjugate preparation. Anti-CD74 antibody STRO-001 or isotype antibody CB6 (either, “mAb1”) in reaction buffer (with concentration 0.5-25 mg/mL, 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.0-8.5) was incubated with 1/2000-1/500 w/w (EndoS2/mAb weight ratio) endoS2 under reaction temperature (0-40 °C) for 1-24 h. 2-40 eq. UDP-GalNAz (20 mM) and 0.1 w/w%-10 w/w% (GalT/mAb weight ratio) β1,4-GalT were added into the reaction mixture and incubated in reaction buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.0-8.5, 20 mM MnCl2) for 8-24 hours at reaction temperature (0-40 °C). The reaction mixture was purified with protein A resin to give the mAb1-GalNAz. [0539] Organic solvent (e.g., DMSO, DMF, DMA, PG, acetonitrile, 0-25% v/v) and linker- payload stock (10-25 eq., 10 mM stock in organic solvent) were added stepwise in reaction buffer (PBS buffer pH 7.0-8.5) with mAb1-GalNAz (1-20 mg/mL) at 0-25 °C for 0.5-24 h. The solution was submitted to buffer exchange (spin desalting column, ultrafiltration, and dialysis) into storage buffer (for example, pH 5.5-6.5 histidine acetate buffer, with optional additive such as sucrose, trehalose, tween 20, 60, 80). [0540] Synthesized ADCs are shown below in Table 2. Ab was STRO-001 for all ADCs except Isotype ADC, in which Ab was CB6. [0541] ADC characterization. ADCs were characterized via the following analytical methods. SEC purity of all ADCs were > 95 % purity. [0542] Drug to antibody ratio (DAR) determination by LCMS or HIC methods LCMS method: LC-MS analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: LC-MS system: Vanquish Flex UHPLC and Orbitrap Exploris 240 Mass Spectrometer Column: MAbPac™ RP, 2.1*50mm, 4μm, 1,500 Å, Thermo Scientific™ Column temperature: 80 °C Mobile phase A: 0.1 % formic acid (FA) aqueous solution Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 % formic acid (FA) Gradient program: 25 %B-25 %B (0 min-2 min), 25 %B-50 %B (2 min-18 min), 50 %B- 90 %B (18 min-18.1 min), 90 %B-90 %B (18.1 min-20 min), 90 %B-25 %B (20 min-20.1 min), 25 %B-25 %B (20.1 min-25 min) Injected sample amount: 1 μg MS parameters: Intact and denaturing MS data were acquired in HMR mode at setting of R=15k and deconvolved using the ReSpect™ algorithm and Sliding Window integration in Thermo Scientific™ BioPharma Finder™ 4.0 software. HIC method: HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: Tosoh Bioscience 4.6 μm ID×3.5 cm, 2.5 μm butyl-nonporous resin column Column temperature: 25 °C Mobile phase A: 1.5 M ammonium sulfate, 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 Mobile phase B: 50 mM phosphate buffer, 25% (V/V) isopropanol, pH 7.0 Gradient program: 0%B-0%B (0 min-2 min), 0%B-100%B (2 min-15 min), 100%B- 100%B (15 min-16 min), 100%B-0%B (16 min-17 min), 0%B-0%B (17 min-20 min) Injected sample amount: 20 μg [0543] SEC method to determine ADC purity [0544] HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: HPLC system: Waters H-Class UPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: ACQUITY UPLC BEH200 SEC 1.7um 4.6x150mm, Waters Column temperature: room temperature Mobile phase A: 200 mM phosphate buffer, 250 mM potassium chloride, 15% isopropyl alcohol, pH 7.0 Gradient program: under 10 min isocratic elutions with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min Injected sample amount: 20 μg [0545] ADC hydrophobicity evaluation by HIC method: An ADC with a higher hydrophobic property would appear with a later retention time from HIC (hydrophobicity interaction column) chromatography. The DAR2 peak was used as a reference. [0546] HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: Method 1 HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: Tosoh Bioscience 4.6 μm ID×3.5 cm, 2.5 μm butyl-nonporous resin column Column temperature: 25°C Mobile phase A: 1.5 M ammonium sulfate, 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 Mobile phase B: 50 mM Phosphate buffer, 25% (V/V) isopropanol, pH 7.0 Gradient program: 0%B-0%B (0 min-2 min), 0%B-100%B (2 min-15 min), 100%B- 100%B (15 min-16 min), 100%B-0%B (16 min-17 min), 0%B-0%B (17 min-20 min) Injected sample amount: 20 μg Method 2 HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: MABPac HIC-10, 5 μm, 4.6×10 mm (Thermo) Column temperature: 25 °C Mobile phase A: 1.5 M ammonium sulfate, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 Mobile phase B: 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 Gradient program: 20%B-20%B (0 min-1 min), 0%B-0%B (1 min-35 min), 20%B-20%B (35 min-40 min) Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min Sample preparation: The sample was diluted with initial mobile phase to 0.5 mg/mL. Table 2: ADC Structures
Figure imgf000121_0001
Figure imgf000122_0001
Figure imgf000123_0001
Anti-CD74 antibody STRO-001 [0547] Light chain sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) [0548] DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQGIGSWLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYAADRLQ SGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYHTYPLTFGGGTKVEIKRTVAAPSVFI FPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSS TLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC [0549] Heavy chain sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) [0550] QVQLVESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFNFSDYGMHWVRQAPGKGLEWVAVIWY DGSISYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARGGTVEHGAVYGTDV WGQGTTVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHN AKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPRE PQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFF LYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody CB6 (isotype antibody) [0551] Light chain sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) [0552] DIVMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQSISRYLNWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYAASSLQS GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQSYSTPPEYTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVF IFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLS STLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC [0553] Heavy chain sequence (SEQ ID NO: 4) [0554] EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTVSSNYMSWVRQAPGKGLEWVSVIYSG GSTFYADSVKGRFTISRDNSMNTLFLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARVLPMYGDYLDYWGQG TLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFP AVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAP PAAGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPR EEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALAAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTL PPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLT VDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK [0555] Example 3: ADC direct killing in NOMO-1 and K562 cancer cell lines Cell lines [0556] NOMO-1 (JCRB, IFO50474). NOMO-1 (purchased from JCRB) is a cell line exhibiting hemo-lymphocytic morphology. The base medium is ATCC-formulated RPMI-1640 Medium, Catalog No. ATCC 30-2001. To make the complete growth medium, fetal bovine serum was added to a final concentration of 10% (Gibco, 10099-141C). The cell line was grown in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 °C, and was regularly tested for the presence of mycoplasma with MycoAlert™ PLUS Mycoplasma Detection Kit (Lonza, LT07-710). NOMO-1 is a CD74-positive cell line (Table 3). [0557] K562 (ATCC, CCL-243). K562 (purchased from ATCC) is a cell line exhibiting lymphoblast morphology. The base medium for K562 is ATCC-formulated Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium, Catalog No.30-2005. To make the complete growth medium, fetal bovine serum was added to a final concentration of 10% (Gibco, 10099-141C). The cell line was grown in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 °C, and was regularly tested for the presence of mycoplasma with MycoAlert™ PLUS Mycoplasma Detection Kit (Lonza, LT07-710). K562 is a CD74-negative cell line (Table 3). Table 3: CD74 expression level
Figure imgf000125_0001
[0558] ADC direct killing. ADC direct killing was assessed in NOMO-1(CD74+) and K562 (CD74-) cancer lines. Cells were seeded (NOMO-1 at 6E3/well and K562 at 3E3/well) into 96- well plates (Greiner: 655090), 100 µl/well (including 100 µg/ml Fc blocker for NOMO-1 cells), and incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2, for 2 h. Fresh growth medium was added containing varying concentrations of ADCs, 50 µl/well, and incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2, for 6 days. The cell viability was detected by Cell Titer-Glo (Promega, G7573), 70 µl/well. The plates were allowed to incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes to stabilize the luminescent signal. The plates were analyzed with a microplate reader [0559] ADC direct cellular killing data are presented in Tables 4-8 and Figures 1A-5B. Table 4: ADC direct cellular killing
Figure imgf000125_0002
Table 5: ADC direct cellular killing
Figure imgf000125_0003
Figure imgf000126_0001
Table 6: ADC direct cellular killing
Figure imgf000126_0002
Table 7: ADC direct cellular killing
Figure imgf000126_0003
Table 8: ADC direct cellular killing
Figure imgf000126_0004
[0560] Although the foregoing disclosure has been presented in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that certain minor changes and modifications will be practiced. Therefore, the description and examples should not be construed as limiting. [0561] It is to be understood that, if any publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art in any country. [0562] The disclosures of all non-patent publications, patents, patent applications, and published patent applications referred to herein are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Claims

What is claimed is: 1. A compound of Formula (I):
Figure imgf000127_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue thereof, wherein each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg):
Figure imgf000127_0001
wherein each ring C is, independently, a cyclopropyl ring or a cyclobutyl ring; each R1 is, independently, H, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl or -O-(CH2CH2O)t1-CH3; each R2 is, independently, H or C1-4 alkyl; each R3 and R4 is, independently, H, NRa1Rb1, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; wherein Ra1 and Rb1 are each independently H or C1-4 alkyl; R5 is H, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; each m1, n1, and o1 is, independently, 1 or 2; t1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; * marks the bond that connects ring A to Cleavable1 when s1 is 1, and to -H when s1 is 0, or that connects ring B to Cleavable2, and ** marks the bond that connects ring A or ring B to Linker1; Linker1 is –(CH2)r-, -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q-, or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-; wherein each r, p and q is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; the sum of p and q is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; X is NR6, NHC(=O), C(=O)NH, O, SO2, C(=CH2), a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heteroaryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent cyclic ring; and R6 is H or C1-4 alkyl; Cleavable1, if present, is formula (VIa), (VIc), or (VIx):
Figure imgf000128_0001
wherein Su is a Sugar moiety; each R9 is, independently, hydrogen, a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to ring A; and § marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to Linker3, if present; Linker3, if present, is Formula (X2)
Figure imgf000128_0002
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, † marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cleavable1; and †† marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cap; each Cap is, independently, CH3C(=O)-, CH3-(CH2)b-O-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2CH2)d-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, -NH-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, or - (N(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O))aN(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O)NH2; wherein a is an integer between 1 and 18, inclusive; each of b and d is, independently, 0, 1, or 2; and each c is, independently, 1, 2, 3, or 4; Cleavable2 is formula (VIIa1), (VIId1), or (VIId4): wherein
Figure imgf000129_0001
+ marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to ring B; ## marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to Spacer; and the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1), (VIId1) and (VIId4) is further optionally substituted with one or two or three R11, wherein each R11 is independently a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; Linker2 is Formula (X)
Figure imgf000129_0002
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; and ++ marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cap; Spacer is a bond, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###- NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2-C(═O)-, ###-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-CH2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###-CH[-(CH2)m2- COOH]-C(═O)-, ###-CH2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-, ###-C(═O)-(CH2)m2- C(═O)-, or ###-NH-(CH2)m2-C(═O)-; wherein each m2 is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, or 8; and ### marks the bond that connects Spacer to Conjugator; Conjugator is formula (III), (IV), or (V):
Figure imgf000130_0004
wherein U2 is a bond, heteroarylene, or arylene; V2 is a bond or -C ≡C-(CH2)n2-; W2 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; n2 is an integer between 0 and 10, inclusive;
Figure imgf000130_0003
wherein
Figure imgf000130_0001
Figure imgf000130_0002
RS3 is -NRa2Rb2, wherein each of Ra2 and Rb2 is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; RE3 is a bond, -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)NR7-, -NHC(=O)NR7-, - OS(=O)2NR7-, -NHS(=O)2NR7-, or - OC(=O)NHS(=O)2NR7-; and R7 is H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; W3 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; t3 is 1 or 2; and s3 is 0, 1 or 2; or
Figure imgf000130_0005
wherein
Figure imgf000131_0001
Figure imgf000131_0002
RE4 is a bond, -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)NR8-, -NHC(=O)NR8-, - OS(=O)2NR8-, -NHS(=O)2NR8-, or - OC(=O)NHS(=O)2NR8-; and R8 is H or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; W4 is -C(=O)-, -NH- or -O-; t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; and s4 is 0, 1 or 2.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), or (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IId), or (IIg).
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIg); Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IId), and ring B is formula (IId); Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIb), and ring B is formula (IIa); Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIb); Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIa); or Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIc), and ring B is formula (IIb).
4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein r is 3 or 5.
5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, wherein
Figure imgf000131_0003
6. The compound of claim any one of claims 1-4, wherein ring A is ,
Figure imgf000132_0001
7. The compound of any one of claims 1-4 and 6, wherein ring B is
Figure imgf000132_0002
Figure imgf000132_0003
Figure imgf000133_0001
8. The compound of claim 1, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-CH=CH- (CH2)q-, ring A is formula (IIa), m1 in ring A is 2, and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg).
9. The compound of claim 1, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-CH=CH- (CH2)q-, ring A is formula (IIa), m1 in ring A is 1, and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg).
10. The compound of any one of claim 8 or 9, wherein X is O, NR6, NHC(=O), C(=CH2), -(m- C6H4)-, , or .
11. The compound of claim 1, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)r-.
12. The compound of claim 11, wherein r is 3 or 5.
13. The compound of claim 1, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)p-O-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-NH-(CH2)q.
14. The compound of claim 13, wherein the sum of p and q is 4.
15. The compound of any one of claims 1 and 8-10, wherein Linker1 is
Figure imgf000133_0003
Figure imgf000133_0002
Figure imgf000134_0001
16. The compound of claim 15, wherein the sum of p and q is 2.
17. The compound of claim 10, wherein Linker1 is
Figure imgf000134_0002
18. The compound of claim 17, wherein the sum of p and q is 2.
19. The compound of any one of claims 1, 8, or 9, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)p-CH=CH- (CH2)q-.
20. The compound of any one of claims 1-19, wherein s1 is 0.
21. The compound of any one of claims 1-19, wherein s1 is 1.
22. The compound of claim 20 or 21, wherein j is 0 and k is 0.
23. The compound of claim 21, wherein Cleavable 1 is formula (VIx), j is 1, and k is 1.
24. The compound of any one of claims 1-23, wherein Cleavable2 is (VIIa1-1), (VIId1-1), or (VIId4-1).
25. The compound of claim 24, wherein Cleavable2 is (VIIa1-1).
26. The compound of claim 24, wherein Cleavable2 is (VIId4-1).
27. The compound of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1-1), (VIId1-1), and (VIId4-1) is unsubstituted by R11.
28. The compound of any one of claims 23-27, wherein the Sugar moiety is , , or , wherein each m is independently 0 or 1 and Ac is acetyl.
29. The compound of claim 28, wherein the Sugar moiety is
30. The compound of claim 28, wherein the Sugar moiety is
Figure imgf000135_0001
31. The compound of any one of claims 1-30, wherein Linker2 is (Xa).
32. The compound of any one of claims 1-31, wherein HG is
Figure imgf000135_0002
or , wherein e is 0, 1, or 2, and Ac is acetyl.
33. The compound of claim 31 or 32, wherein Linker2 is:
Figure imgf000135_0003
34. The compound of any one of claims 1-33, wherein each Cap is CH3C(=O)-.
35. The compound of any one of claims 1-34, wherein Spacer is ###- NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)- or ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2-C(═O)-.
36. The compound of any one of claims 1-35, wherein m2 is 4.
37. The compound of any one of claims 1-36, wherein Conjugator is formula (III).
38. The compound of claim 37, wherein U2 is arylene.
39. The compound of claim 38, wherein U2 is phenylene.
40. The compound of claim 39, wherein U2 is .
41. The compound of claim 40, wherein V2 is a bond.
42. The compound of any one of claims 37-40, wherein V2 is -C ^C-(CH2)n-.
43. The compound of claim 42, wherein V2 is -C ^C-(CH2)3-.
44. The compound of claim 37, wherein U2 is heteroarylene.
45. The compound of claim 44, wherein U2 is a bivalent pyrimidine ring.
46. The compound of claim 45, wherein U2 is or .
47. The compound of claim 46, wherein V2 is a bond.
48. The compound of any one of claims 44-46, wherein V2 is -C ^C-(CH2)n-.
49. The compound of claim 48, wherein V2 is -C ^C-(CH2)3-.
50. The compound of claim 37, wherein U2 is a bond.
51. The compound of claim 50, wherein V2 is -C ^C-(CH2)n-.
52. The compound of claim 51, wherein V2 is -C ^C-(CH2)3-.
53. The compound of any one of claims 37--52, wherein W2 is -C(=O)-.
54. The compound of any one of claims 1-37, wherein Conjugator is .
55. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein Conjugator is formula (V).
56. The compound of claim 55, wherein RG4 is or .
57. The compound of claim 55 or 56, wherein t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
58. The compound of any one of claims 55-57, wherein s4 is 0.
59. The compound of any one of claims 55-58, wherein RE4 is a bond or -O-.
60. The compound of any one of claims 55-59, wherein W4 is -C(=O)-.
61. The compound of claim 55, wherein Conjugator is or
Figure imgf000137_0002
62. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein Conjugator is formula (IV).
63. The compound of claim 62, wherein RG3 is or .
64. The compound of claim 62 or 63, wherein RS3 is NH2 or -N(CH3)2.
65. The compound of any one of claims 62-64, wherein RE3 is a bond.
66. The compound of any one of claims 62-64, wherein RE3 is -O-.
67. The compound of any one of claims 62-66, wherein t3 is 2.
68. The compound of any one of claims 62-67, wherein s3 is 0.
69. The compound of any one of claims 62-68, wherein W3 is -C(=O)-.
70. The compound of claim 62, wherein Conjugator is .
71. A compound of Formula (IA):
Figure imgf000137_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue thereof, wherein each s1, j, and k is, independently, 0 or 1; each of ring A and ring B is, independently, formulas (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg):
Figure imgf000138_0001
wherein ring C is, independently, a cyclopropyl ring or a cyclobutyl ring; each R1 is, independently, H, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl or -O-(CH2CH2O)t1-CH3; each R2 is, independently, H or C1-4 alkyl; each R3 and R4, is, independently, H, NRa1Rb1, OH, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; wherein Ra1 and Rb1 are each independently H or C1-4 alkyl; R5 is H, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, or aryl; each m1, n1, and o1 is, independently, 1 or 2; t1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; * marks the bond that connects ring A to Cleavable1 when s1 is 1 and to -H when s1 is 0, or that connects ring B connects Cleavable2, and ** marks the bond that connects ring A or ring B to Linker1; Linker1 is –(CH2)r-, -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q-, or -(CH2)p-CH=CH-(CH2)q-; wherein each r, p and q, is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; the sum of p and q is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; X is NR6, NHC(=O), C(=O)NH, O, SO2, C(=CH2), a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heteroaryl ring, substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent cyclic ring; and R6 is H or C1-4 alkyl; Cleavable1, if present, is
Figure imgf000138_0002
wherein Su is a Sugar moiety; each R9 is independently hydrogen, a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to ring A; and § marks the bond that connects Cleavable1 to Linker3, if present; Linker3, if present, is Formula (X2)
Figure imgf000139_0002
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, † marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cleavable1; and †† marks the bond that connects Linker3 to Cap; each Cap is, independently, CH3C(=O)-, CH3-(CH2)b-O-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2CH2)d-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, -NH-(CH2CH2O)a-(CH2)bCH3, or - (N(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O))aN(CH3)(CH2)cC(=O)NH2; wherein a is an integer between 1 and 18, inclusive; each of b and d is, independently, 0, 1, or 2; and each c is, independently, 1, 2, 3, or 4; Cleavable2 is formula (VIIa1-1), (VIId1-1), or (VIId4-1),
Figure imgf000139_0001
wherein + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; # marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to ring B; ## marks the bond that connects Cleavable2 to Spacer; and the phenyl ring in formulas (VIIa1-1), (VIId1-1) and (VIId4-1) is further optionally substituted with one or two or three R11, wherein each R11 is independently a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, -CN, or -NO2;; Linker2 is Formula (Xa)
Figure imgf000140_0001
wherein HG is a hydrophilic residue, + marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cleavable2; and ++ marks the bond that connects Linker2 to Cap; Spacer is a bond, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2- C(═O)-, or ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-; wherein each m2 is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, or 8; and ### marks the bond that connects Spacer to Conjugator; RE4 is a bond or -O-; and t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
72. The compound of claim 71, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), or (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IId), or (IIg).
73. The compound of claim 71, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIg), and ring B is formula (IIg); Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IId), and ring B is formula (IId); Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIb), and ring B is formula (IIa); Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIb); Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIa), and ring B is formula (IIa); or Linker1 is -(CH2)r-, ring A is formula (IIc), and ring B is formula (IIb).
74. The compound of any one of claims 71-73, wherein r is 3 or 5.
75. The compound of any one of claims 71-74, wherein
Figure imgf000140_0002
76. The compound of any one of claims 71-74, wherein ring A is
Figure imgf000141_0001
Figure imgf000141_0002
77. The compound of any one of claims 71-74 and 76, wherein ring B is
Figure imgf000141_0003
78. The compound of claim 71, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-CH=CH- (CH2)q-, ring A is formula (IIa), m1 in ring A is 2, and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg).
79. The compound of claim 71, wherein Linker1 is -(CH2)p-X-(CH2)q- or -(CH2)p-CH=CH- (CH2)q-, ring A is formula (IIa), m1 in ring A is 1, and ring B is formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), or (IIg).
80. The compound of any one of claim 71, 78, or 79, wherein Linker1 is
Figure imgf000142_0001
81. The compound of claim 81, wherein the sum of p and q is 2.
82. The compound of any one of claims 71-82, wherein s1 is 0.
83. The compound of any one of claims 71-82, wherein s1 is 1.
84. The compound of claim 82 or 83, wherein j is 0 and k is 0.
85. The compound of claim 83, wherein Cleavable 1 is formula (VIx), j is 1, and k is 1.
86. The compound of any one of claims 71-85, wherein Cleavable2 is
Figure imgf000142_0005
87. The compound of any one of claims 84-86, wherein the Sugar moiety is
Figure imgf000142_0002
wherein each m is independently 0 or 1
Figure imgf000142_0003
and Ac is acetyl.
88. The compound of claim 87, wherein the Sugar moiety is
Figure imgf000142_0004
89. The compound of claim 88, wherein the Sugar moiety is
Figure imgf000143_0003
90. The compound of any one of claims 71-89, wherein HG is
Figure imgf000143_0004
or , wherein e is 0, 1 or 2, and Ac is acetyl. 91. The compound of claim 90, wherein Linker2 is . 92. The compound of any one of claims 71-91, wherein each Cap is CH3C(=O)-. 93. The compound of any one of claims 71-92, wherein Spacer is ###- NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2CH2-C(═O)-, or ###-NH-(CH2CH2O)m2-CH2-C(═O)-. 94. The compound of any one of claims 71-93, wherein m2 is 4. 95. The compound of any one of claims 71-94, wherein is
Figure imgf000143_0002
96. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or isotopologue thereof, is selected from:
Figure imgf000143_0001
Figure imgf000144_0001
Figure imgf000145_0001
Figure imgf000146_0001
Figure imgf000147_0001
97. A ligand-drug conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, comprising a ligand, wherein the ligand is conjugated to the compound of any one of claims 1-96 via Conjugator or , wherein the conjugate has the following formula: Ligand-[Formula (I/Ia)]x wherein x is from about 1 to about 10. 98. The conjugate of claim 97, wherein the ligand is a humanized, monoclonal, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. 99. The conjugate of claim 97 or 98, wherein the conjugate has the following formula
Figure imgf000147_0002
wherein Ab is a humanized, monoclonal, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. 100. The conjugate of claim 98 or 99, wherein the ligand or Ab binds to one or more receptors chosen from B7-H3, cytokeratin 15, PTK7, HER3, HER2, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD46, CD70, CD71, CD74, CD79b, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD166, CD205, CD228, CCR2, CA6, p-Cadherin, CEA, CEACAM5, C4.4a, DLL3, EGFR, EGFRVIII, ENPP3, EphA2, EphrinA, FLOR1, FGFR2, GCC, cKIT, LIV1, LY6E, MSLN, MUC16, NaPi2b, Nectin4, gpNMB, PSMA, SLITRK6, STEAP1, TROP2, 5T4, SSEA4, GloboH, Gb5, STn, Tn, BCMA, MUC1, cMet, ROR1 MSLN, Fra, CLDN18.2, CLDN6, Axl, FGFR2b, CLL1, CCR7, GPC1, GPC3, ISAC, CDCP1, ITGB6, ADAM9, or CD45. 101. The conjugate of any one of claims 97- 100, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or isotopologue thereof, selected from
Figure imgf000148_0001
Figure imgf000149_0001
Figure imgf000150_0001
102. The conjugate of claim 101, wherein x is about 1.8 to about 2.5. 103. The conjugate of claim 101 or 102, wherein Ab is STRO-001. 104. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugate of any one of claims 97-103, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 105. A method of treating a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the conjugate of any one of claims 97-103, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopologue thereof, or pharmaceutical composition of claim 104.
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