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WO2021167560A1 - Utilisation de plasma pour réduire les émissions de gaz de fumée dans des systèmes fonctionnant avec des combustibles fossiles - Google Patents

Utilisation de plasma pour réduire les émissions de gaz de fumée dans des systèmes fonctionnant avec des combustibles fossiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021167560A1
WO2021167560A1 PCT/TR2020/051290 TR2020051290W WO2021167560A1 WO 2021167560 A1 WO2021167560 A1 WO 2021167560A1 TR 2020051290 W TR2020051290 W TR 2020051290W WO 2021167560 A1 WO2021167560 A1 WO 2021167560A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion
gasses
waste
fossil fuels
result
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2020/051290
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
İbrahim İBRAHİMOĞLU
Beycan İbrahi̇moğlu
Ziniat İBRAHİMOĞLU
Original Assignee
Anadolu Plazma Teknoloji Enerji Danismanlik Arastirma Ve Geli̇istirme Merkezi Sanayi Ticaret Limited Sirketi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anadolu Plazma Teknoloji Enerji Danismanlik Arastirma Ve Geli̇istirme Merkezi Sanayi Ticaret Limited Sirketi filed Critical Anadolu Plazma Teknoloji Enerji Danismanlik Arastirma Ve Geli̇istirme Merkezi Sanayi Ticaret Limited Sirketi
Publication of WO2021167560A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021167560A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/026—Increasing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. reverse water-gas shift [RWGS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
    • B01D2252/103—Water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices
    • F23J2219/201—Reducing species generators, e.g. plasma, corona
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • the invention is related to the system and method which allows the recovery heat of with the production of syngas via the transfer of flue gasses released as a result of combustion of various hydrocarbon-containing raw products, especially low-calorie coal, wood, shale gas, plant matter and waste materials such as medical waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, livestock waste with a plasma system to a secondary plasma system, without the gasses in question to become exhaust gasses
  • the invention is related to the system, which presents a new source of energy by transforming waste gasses released as a result of fuel combustion to purified syngas by mixing the waste gasses with water vapor and purifying it using plasmatron, which in turn allows the reduction of harmful gas emissions within the flue gasses formed as a result of the combustion of fuel and the increases energy effiency, and the system is comprised of the main components of a plasmatron , which is used to ionize the gasses released as a result of fuel combustion and a mixer, which is used to mix the waste gasses formed as a result of combustion with water vapor.
  • a plasmatron which is used to ionize the gasses released as a result of fuel combustion
  • a mixer which is used to mix the waste gasses formed as a result of combustion with water vapor.
  • Carbon dioxide emissions are mainly caused by industrial enterprises. Worldwide, such businesses cause an average of 60% of the total C0 released into the atmosphere, while the remaining 40% is caused by the operation of thermal power plants to produce energy. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are combustion products produced in thermal power plants and they are released into our environment, which creates ecological problems. The fact that these exhausted gases cannot be minimized constitutes an important problem.
  • thermal power plants where coal and lignite are used, are becoming widespread in the world. Thermal power plants are systems that convert chemical energy which is generated by combusting coal and derivative fuels, into mechanical energy with certain systems. This resulting mechanical energy then turned into electrical energy through other various systems.
  • the primary equipment of a thermal power plant are: the boiler, the turbine-generator, the condenser and the cooling tower.
  • the boiler is the section where the fuel is burned with various ignition systems to obtain heat.
  • the temperature of boiler varies between 800-2300°C depending on the type of boiler.
  • the heat turns the water around the boiler and in the pipes inside it into superheated steam and sends it to the turbine via appropriate systems. Since steam and water circulate in a closed circuit, the losses are reduced. Combustion gases are given to the chimney at a certain speed after air preheating and filters by giving most of its heat to the boiler.
  • Coal consists of two flammable components. These are the volatile substances and the solid (coke) residue. In the first stage of combustion, volatile substances are released. With excessive oxygen coal burns quickly and for a long time, but provides little heat. Then, the coke residue is combusted.
  • the combustion intensity and ignition temperature depend on the degree of carbonization, that is to say, the type of coal (brown, stone, anthracite, lignite). The higher the carbonization degree (highest for anthracite), the higher the ignition and combustion temperatures will be. However, the combustion rate will be as low.
  • Carbon (C) is the primary carrier of heat. When 1 kg of carbon is burned, approximately 34,000 Id of heat is released.
  • Hydrogen is the second most important element of combustion: When 1 kg of hydrogen is burned, approximately 125,000 kJ of heat is released.
  • Sulfur is a negative fuel factor. Because S0 2 pollutes the atmosphere, causes corrosion of metals and decreases their quality by interacting with them.
  • Nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) are internal organic fuels, and since they are non-combustible, they are only conditionally included in the fuel mass. Increased heat consumption for the evaporation of moisture and the increase in the volume of combustion products (due to the presence of water vapor) reduces the combustion temperature of the fuel.
  • Ash is a mixture of various mineral substances that are leftover after the combustion of the combustible portions of the fuel. Mineral substances reduce the calorific value of the fuel.
  • the calorific value is equal to the standard value of the enthalpy of the formation of the reaction product
  • Fuels such as fuel oil and diesel are generally used in igniting the boiler.
  • gaseous fuels injected directly to the boiler and combust immediately when coming in contact with air. Air is drawn from the atmosphere and heated. This heated air is transferred to the boiler for the process of combustion.
  • the flue gas temperature resulting from combustion reaches up to 460-550 ° C.
  • the fuel is discharged into the atmosphere at approximately 125-180 ° C with various heat transfer mechanisms, depending on its type and content. Flue gasses are discharged after they are passed through NO x purification, particle control, and S0 2 purification.
  • Plasma occupies a distinct position in this series. It is a source of energy in the open space. Natural scientific researches carried out by scientists for years on end have demonstrated the existence of plasma, which is a mysterious state of matter. Plasma is the most common form of all materials in nature and it constitutes 99% of the universe. The ionosphere, the sun, stars and lightning are all in the plasma state. Plasma is a contemporary technology and it is essentially a renewable energy source.
  • the invention in question is related to decreasing harmful gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency of fosil fuel systems which discharge flue gasses as result of the plasma combustion of their fuel, by transferring the flue gasses in question to a secondary unit without exhausting them.
  • the invention it becomes possible to obtain a secondary source of heat by producing syngas via injecting flue gasses of thermal plants and other systems which use fossil fuels to the plasma system before they are exhausted and to employ this new source of heat.
  • the purpose of the invention is to reduce the emission values in the system which uses fossil fuels by having the harmful gasses that are formed as the result of combustion in thermal plants react employing the plasma system.
  • Another purpose of the invention is the reduction of flue gas emissions by 20% via using plasmatrons for igniting the fuel.
  • Another purpose of the invention is that it enables the formation of syngas at high temperature by mixing the gases formed as a result of combustion with water vapor and having their ions decompose by using plasmatrons.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to inject the gasses that form as a result of combustion to a secondary unit to use them as a source of heat in the system which uses fossil fuels such as thermal plants.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency of commercial, agricultural and industrial fields by decreasing harmful gas emissions of systems which use fossil fuels with the use of the plasma method.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to develop the plasma system, which is more affordable in terms of costs in comparison to expensive filtration and gas purification systems, to ensure that a more efficient and affordable system is being employed.
  • Another purpose of the invention is the reduction of harmful particles by employing the plasma system, which will also increase effiency and save a significant amount of fuel.
  • Figure 1 is the drawing of the experimental setup which demonstrates the production of syngas by having the flue gasses produced as a result of combustion in the first section of systems which use fossil fuels injected to the plasmatron in the second section.
  • Figure 2 is the drawing which demonstrates the combustion of fossil fuels in systems which use fossil fuels with the plasma method.
  • Figure 3 is the drawing which demonstrates the production of syngas by injecting the flue gasses leaving systems which use fossil fuels into the plasmatron in the second section.
  • Figure 4 is the drawing which demonstrates the flue gasses leaving the plasma combustion units of thermal plants being injected into the secondary unit and the heating of the second unit with syngas.
  • Figure 5 demonstrates the plasma combustion in one unit of the thermal plant and the transformation of flue gasses produced as a result of this combustion into syngas using the plasma method in the same unit.
  • FIG. 1 provides the drawing which demonstrates the application of the plasma method in systems which use fossil fuels.
  • This system which reduces the harmful gas emissions in flue gasses, comprises of the following elements: (1) Floor, (2) Cinder Reservoir, (3) Reactor, (4) Plazmatron Holder, (5) Water Inlet Pipe, (6) Water Outlet pipe, (7) Plasmatron, (8) Gas Outlet pipe, (9) Thermocouple, (10) Insulation, (11) Upper Plane, (12) Grinder ,(13) Electric Engine, (14) Control System, (15) Frequency Inverter, (16) Mixer, (17) Water Vapor Inlet Field, and (18) Exchanger
  • the processes of combustion and coal dust ignition are performed using plasma.
  • the flue gases formed as a result of combustion are injected to a second unit without being exhausted.
  • the flue gasses are mixed with the water vapor called “decayed", which leaves the turbines without being discharged.
  • Waste flue gas is mixed with water vapor and injected to the second plasma system.
  • the mixture (flue gas and water vapor) injected to the second plasma system creates syngas at high temperatures via the plasmatron (7).
  • high temperature plasma with partial ionization method is applied instead of ignition.
  • the combustion process starts with the injection of plasma to the fuel using plasmatrons (7). This ensures that emissions are reduced during commissioning of the boiler. The harmful gas emissions are reduced by approximately 20%.
  • the powdered coal demonstrated in Figure 2 is transported to the grinder (12) via the operation of the electric engine (13) located on the upper plane (11).
  • the speed and rpm of the grinder (12) is adjusted via the frequency inverter (15) and the control system (14) according to the density of the incoming coal.
  • the powdered coal deposited in the grinder (12) is sent to the reactor (3) mounted on the floor (1).
  • the reactor (3) is covered with insulation (10) to reduce heat loss.
  • Plasmatrons (7) are operated by feeding the coal to the reactor (3).
  • the temperature control of the plasmatrons (7), which are kept fixed by the plasmatron holder (4), is provided by the water circulated by the water inlet pipe (5) and the water outlet pipe (6). Thus, the plasmatrons are cooled.
  • Coal is combusted via the operation of the plasmatrons (7).
  • the cinders formed as a result of combustion is collected in the cinder reservoir (2) to be discharged.
  • the high temperature waste gases released by the combustion of the coal are cooled by the heat exchanger (18) and passed through the gas outlet pipe (8) and transferred to the mixer (16) without discharging them into the atmosphere.
  • the temperature of the gases supplied to the mixer (16) and the temperature inside the reactor (3) are controlled by using the thermocouple (9).
  • the waste gas entering to the mixer (16) is mixed with the water vapor injected into the mixer (16) through from the water vapor inlet area (17).
  • Water vapor can be the waste steam coming from the turbine or it can be supplied from outside.
  • Water vapor and flue gases are mixed and injected into the plasmatrons (7) shown in Figure-3.
  • Plasmatrons (7) With the operation of Plasmatrons (7), the syngas is purified of harmful emissions at a maximum level. High temperature (over 5000 °C) syngas fed from the Plasmatron (7) to the reactor (3) is utilized as a secondary source of heat. Then, the purified syngas inside the reactor (3) is discharged from the reactor (3).
  • the system which uses fossil fuels that is used to reduced the harmful emissions formed as a result of fuel combustion and to increase energy efficiency consists a plasmatron (7) that is used to reduce the emission of waste gases formed as a result of fuel combustion and to ionize the waste gases formed as a result of combustion and a mixer (16) that is used to intake the waste gases formed as a result of combustion and to mix waste gases with water vapor. After the waste gases formed as a result of combustion are mixed with water vapor, they are transformed into syngas by the Plasmatron (7).
  • the first stage of the process is the delivery of the fuel to the reactor (3), which is followed by the combustion of the fuel by the plasmatrons (7), after which the waste gasses that are formed as a result of combustion is delivered to the mixer (16). Following which, the waste gasses arriving to the the mixer (16) are injected inside the mixer (16) and are mixed with water vapor.
  • the resulting mixture is delivered to the plasmatrons (7) and through the operation of the plasmatrons (7) the syngasses are purified of harmful emissions, and the high-temperature syngasses that is being injected from the plasmatrons (7) to the reactor (3) are used as a secondary sources of heat.
  • one unit can be operated using solid fuels while the other unit can be operated using the syngas produced off the solid fuels.
  • the syngas which is produced by mixing flue gasses with water vapor without discharging them and injecting them to the plasma system is delivered to the second unit to ensure that one of the units of the system operates with solid fuels while the other unit operates using syngas.
  • the flue gasses that are formed as a result of combustion are delivered into the plasma unit before being discharged, which allows them to be used as a secondary source of heat.
  • the water vapor arriving to the mixer (16) can be the water vapors leftover from the steam turbines that are used in fossil fuel using systems, which is also named as decayed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la récupération de chaleur au moyen de la production d'un gaz de synthèse par le biais du transfert de gaz de fumée libérés suite à la combustion de divers produits bruts contenant des hydrocarbures, en particulier du charbon pauvre en calories, du bois, du gaz de schiste, des matières végétales et des déchets tels que des déchets médicaux, des déchets municipaux, des déchets industriels et des déchets de bétail avec un système à plasma vers un système à plasma secondaire, sans que les gaz en question ne deviennent des gaz d'échappement. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement le système, qui présente une nouvelle source d'énergie par transformation des gaz résiduaires libérés suite à la combustion de combustible en gaz de synthèse purifié par mélange des gaz résiduaires avec de la vapeur d'eau et par purification du tout à l'aide d'un plasmatron (7) qui, à son tour, permet la réduction des émissions de gaz nocifs dans les gaz de fumée formés suite à la combustion de combustible et augmente l'efficacité énergétique, et le système est constitué des composants principaux d'un plasmatron (7), qui est utilisé pour ioniser les gaz libérés suite à la combustion de combustible et un mélangeur (16), qui est utilisé pour mélanger les gaz résiduaires formés suite à la combustion avec de la vapeur d'eau.
PCT/TR2020/051290 2020-02-18 2020-12-14 Utilisation de plasma pour réduire les émissions de gaz de fumée dans des systèmes fonctionnant avec des combustibles fossiles WO2021167560A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR202002449 2020-02-18
TR2020/02449 2020-02-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021167560A1 true WO2021167560A1 (fr) 2021-08-26

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2478797A (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-21 Advanced Plasma Power Ltd Treatment of wastes using two plasma chambers
WO2012093264A1 (fr) * 2011-01-07 2012-07-12 Advanced Plasma Power Limited Production d'un flux de gaz
CN202945212U (zh) * 2012-12-11 2013-05-22 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 固体有机废弃物等离子气化处理系统
US20150033755A1 (en) * 2012-02-21 2015-02-05 Advanced Plasma Power Limited Treatment of a feedstock material

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2478797A (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-21 Advanced Plasma Power Ltd Treatment of wastes using two plasma chambers
WO2012093264A1 (fr) * 2011-01-07 2012-07-12 Advanced Plasma Power Limited Production d'un flux de gaz
US20150033755A1 (en) * 2012-02-21 2015-02-05 Advanced Plasma Power Limited Treatment of a feedstock material
CN202945212U (zh) * 2012-12-11 2013-05-22 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 固体有机废弃物等离子气化处理系统

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