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WO2019027017A1 - Procédé de culture de bactéries lactiques - Google Patents

Procédé de culture de bactéries lactiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019027017A1
WO2019027017A1 PCT/JP2018/029124 JP2018029124W WO2019027017A1 WO 2019027017 A1 WO2019027017 A1 WO 2019027017A1 JP 2018029124 W JP2018029124 W JP 2018029124W WO 2019027017 A1 WO2019027017 A1 WO 2019027017A1
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lactic acid
culture
amount
acid bacteria
batch culture
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PCT/JP2018/029124
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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美桜 河合
思乃 山崎
啓雄 片倉
麻美 土屋
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株式会社明治
学校法人 関西大学
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Priority to JP2019534588A priority Critical patent/JPWO2019027017A1/ja
Publication of WO2019027017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019027017A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of culturing lactic acid bacteria.
  • Lactic acid bacteria acquire ATP by metabolizing sugars to pyruvate, and regenerate NAD + required in this process by converting pyruvate to lactate. For this reason, lactic acid produced along with the growth of lactic acid bacteria is accumulated to lower the pH of the culture medium, and the growth and substance production of lactic acid bacteria are inhibited.
  • the decrease in pH of the medium can be suppressed by adding an alkali.
  • alkali is added to the medium to maintain the pH, the accumulation of lactic acid causes growth inhibition of lactic acid bacteria by lactic acid itself, so high-density culture of lactic acid bacteria is considered to be difficult.
  • lactic acid produced from lactic acid bacteria affects not only growth but also the quality as a lactic acid bacteria material.
  • lactic acid bacteria have attracted attention as probiotics and are used for various foods, but since lactic acid or a salt thereof has a unique flavor, it is desirable that the amount of lactic acid in the culture be small.
  • the presence of lactic acid causes moisture absorption.
  • lactic acid produced during culture of lactic acid bacteria inhibits the growth of the lactic acid bacteria themselves, and reduces the quality of the lactic acid bacteria material.
  • JP 2001-211878 A Japanese Examined Patent Publication 6-69367
  • Methods of avoiding growth inhibition by lactic acid include a method of continuously culturing at a high dilution rate to suppress the generated lactic acid to a low concentration, and a method of removing lactic acid by filtration, electrodialysis or the like (for example, Patent Document 1 and 2).
  • Patent Document 1 and 2 a method of removing lactic acid by filtration, electrodialysis or the like.
  • NADH dehydrogenase of the respiratory chain As a method of suppressing lactic acid producing lactic acid bacteria, it activates NADH dehydrogenase of the respiratory chain by the addition of hemin to play the NAD + from NADH, although the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is inhibiting culture method, NADH Since it is necessary to supply the oxygen necessary for the oxidation of H. pylori, it can be used only for some oxygen-insensitive strains.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating lactic acid bacteria, which suppresses lactic acid production of various lactic acid bacteria and enables high-density culture.
  • the present invention is a culture method of lactic acid bacteria for high-density culture, and characterized in that the lactic acid bacteria are cultured by fed-batch culture.
  • cultivation method of the lactic acid bacteria which suppresses the lactic acid production at the time of culture
  • the cell yield that is, the cell yield per used sugar can be increased.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing temporal changes in the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing temporal changes in the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid in Example 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing temporal changes in the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid in Example 3.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing temporal changes in the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid in Example 4.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing temporal changes in the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid in Example 5.
  • the culture method of lactic acid bacteria according to the present invention is characterized in that the lactic acid bacteria are cultured by fed-batch culture.
  • Fed-batch culture is a culture method in which culture is performed while supplying a medium or a substrate in the medium during the culture.
  • lactic acid bacteria are cultured in a culture medium, the concentration of lactic acid produced along with the growth of lactic acid bacteria increases, and the growth inhibition of lactic acid bacteria by lactic acid itself occurs.
  • the inventor of the present application has found that by performing fed-batch culture, the production of lactic acid is significantly suppressed as compared with the case of performing batch culture.
  • Lactic acid bacteria obtain ATP by metabolizing sugars to pyruvate by glycolysis, and regenerate the NAD + required in this process by converting pyruvate to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase.
  • lactic acid bacteria have a pathway for regenerating NAD + in addition to lactate dehydrogenase, and also have a pathway for acquiring ATP besides glycolysis.
  • the inventors of the present invention have noticed that most of these pathways are suppressed when sugars, in particular glucose, are present at concentrations above a certain level. It is not necessary to supply the sugar necessary for culture at once at the start of culture, but by feeding small amounts by fed-batch culture to keep the concentration of glucose and other sugar in the medium low, these pathways are suppressed.
  • lactic acid bacteria in which these pathways do not have sufficient ability, it depends on the glycolytic system to acquire ATP and rely on lactate dehydrogenase for NAD + regeneration, but sugar is supplied in small amounts by fed-batch Not only can these pathways be suppressed, but also reduce the proportion of energy gain by glycolysis in energy production, and also reduce the contribution of lactate dehydrogenase in NAD + regeneration, As a result, it leads to suppression of lactic acid production. Since the inhibition of the growth of lactic acid bacteria can be reduced when the production of lactic acid is suppressed, it becomes possible to culture lactic acid bacteria at a high density (high concentration) as compared with the case of performing batch culture.
  • sugars that can be used as a sugar source include monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, galactose and mannose, and disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, maltose and trehalose.
  • monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, galactose and mannose
  • disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, maltose and trehalose.
  • glucose or sucrose is preferred, and sucrose is more preferred.
  • sucrose is used as a sugar source, the generation of lactic acid can be further suppressed as compared to the case where glucose is used.
  • the medium in addition to the sugar source, nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, nucleic acids, metal salts, etc., and a buffer solution for suppressing pH fluctuation and the like are blended in accordance with a conventional method.
  • the strain of lactic acid bacteria that can be cultured by the culture method according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and various strains can be cultured at high density.
  • species and strains contained in Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Leuconostoc can be cultured at high density.
  • the strains that can be cultured are limited to some strains with low oxygen sensitivity, but the present invention relates to the present invention.
  • the culture method can be applied to the culture of various strains because it does not require oxygen supply.
  • the pH of the culture medium, the amount of dissolved oxygen, the culture conditions such as culture temperature, culture time, and the conditions generally applied to the culture of lactic acid bacteria may be used, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of strain. Moreover, it is preferable to perform preculture before culture
  • the pre-culture is a culture for preparing a seed to inoculate the main culture. By pre-culturing, it is possible to secure the amount of cells necessary as the inoculum of the main culture.
  • the culture method according to the present invention can be used to produce specific chemical substances (peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, etc.) produced by lactic acid bacteria.
  • the culture method according to the present invention is also applicable to the production of fermented milk containing lactic acid bacteria at a high concentration, and foods such as lactic acid bacteria beverages and cheese.
  • the culture method according to the present invention is applied to the production of a food, it becomes possible to produce a food containing a high concentration of a specific chemical substance having physiological activity and a lactic acid bacterium producing the same.
  • Example 1 Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131 was used as a strain of lactic acid bacteria.
  • preculture was performed. 100 ⁇ L of the frozen stock of Lb. gasseri JCM 1131 was inoculated into 100 mL of MRS medium containing glucose or sucrose as a sugar source, and stationary cultured at 37 ° C. for 12 hours. Next, 100 mL of MRS medium with a sugar source concentration of 0 g / L was prepared. The OD 660 of the preculture fluid was measured, and the amount of culture fluid required to bring the main culture fluid to 200 OD units was calculated. The preculture liquid was centrifuged (8,000 ⁇ g, 4 ° C., 5 min), washed with physiological saline, and then resuspended in this culture liquid and inoculated.
  • the flow acceleration F (L / h) of the medium in fed-batch culture was calculated based on the following equation so as to keep the specific growth rate constant.
  • t is the culture time
  • the initial culture solution volume V 0 was 0.1 L.
  • the sugar concentration S F of the feed medium is 20 g / L
  • the cell yield Y X / S is 0.1 g-cell / g-sugar when using sucrose as a sugar source, and when using glucose as a sugar source , 0.2 g-cell / g-sugar.
  • the specific growth rate ⁇ * was set at 0.25 1 / h when using sucrose as a sugar source, and at 0.30 1 / h when using glucose as a sugar source.
  • condition setting is made the same between the case where sucrose is used as the sugar source and the case where glucose is used, a difference is generated in the specific growth rate of the measured values. Therefore, the case where sucrose is used as the sugar source and the case where glucose is used
  • the respective cell yield and specific growth rate were set in The flow acceleration was determined from the above equation using these set values.
  • stirring culture was performed using a 3 cm diameter magnet bar while controlling the pH of the culture solution to 6.5 with a 3 M NaOH aqueous solution.
  • batch culture was performed using MRS medium containing glucose or sucrose at a concentration of 20 g / L as a sugar source.
  • the amount of culture solution, the amount of inoculation and the culture conditions were the same as in the fed-batch culture.
  • the culture fluid was sampled from the sampling line at intervals of 30 minutes or at intervals of 1 hour using a 5 mL syringe. At the time of sampling, after discarding the culture solution remaining in the sampling line, 1 mL of culture solution was sampled.
  • the turbidity (OD 660 ) of the sampled culture solution is measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer UV-1850 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the amount of cells in the culture solution is calculated based on the measured OD 660 value. did. Further, the concentration of lactic acid in the sampled culture solution was measured using a biosensor BF-5 (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) and an enzyme electrode (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). The lactic acid concentration is the total concentration of D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid.
  • the specific production rate ⁇ was determined from the slope.
  • the amount of lactic acid Y L / X per amount of proliferating cells is defined by dividing ⁇ by ⁇ in the logarithmic growth period, and dividing the amount of cells by the amount of sugar consumed by the cell yield Calculated by
  • Table 1 shows the specific growth rate ⁇ , specific production rate ⁇ , and proliferating cell mass calculated from the amount of cells and lactic acid amount after a predetermined time (6 hours after fed-batch culture and 2 hours after batch culture) from the start of main culture. It shows the amount of lactic acid per unit ⁇ / ⁇ , and the cell yield. Further, FIG. 1 shows a graph of temporal changes in the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid. In Tables 1 to 5 shown below, error ranges indicate 95% confidence intervals by regression analysis.
  • the amount of lactic acid per growing bacterial body was smaller in fed-batch culture than in batch culture, regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as a sugar source.
  • the amount of lactic acid per growing bacterial body was smaller when using a sucrose sugar source.
  • the cell yield (g-cell / g-sugar) was higher in fed-batch culture than in batch culture, regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as the sugar source.
  • the amount of cells when fed-batch culture exceeded the amount of cells when batch culture was performed 5 hours after the start of main culture.
  • the amount of lactic acid was compared 5 hours after the start of the main culture, it was suppressed by the fed-batch culture as compared to the batch culture.
  • Example 2 Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. Plantarum NBRC 15891 is used as a strain of lactic acid bacteria, batch culture using sucrose as a sugar source, fed-batch culture using sucrose as a sugar source, and flow using glucose as a sugar source And culture.
  • the culture method, the sampling method, and the method of calculating each evaluation value are the same as in Example 1.
  • Table 2 shows the specific growth rate ⁇ , specific production rate ⁇ , and proliferating cells calculated from the amount of cells and lactic acid amount after a predetermined time from the start of the main culture (6 hours after fed-batch culture and 4 hours after batch culture). It shows the amount of lactic acid per unit ⁇ / ⁇ , and the cell yield. Further, FIG. 2 shows a graph of temporal changes of the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid.
  • the amount of lactic acid in the case of performing a fed-batch culture is the case of performing batch culture using sucrose as a sugar source. It was suppressed by comparison.
  • Example 3 Lactobacillus reuteri JCM1112 was used as a strain of lactic acid bacteria.
  • the culture method, the sampling method, and the method of calculating each evaluation value are the same as in Example 1.
  • Table 3 shows the specific growth rate ⁇ , specific production rate ⁇ ⁇ , and proliferating cell mass calculated from the amount of cells and lactic acid amount after a predetermined time (3 hours after fed-batch culture and 2 hours after batch culture) from the start of main culture. It shows the amount of lactic acid per unit ⁇ / ⁇ , and the cell yield. Further, FIG. 3 shows a graph of temporal changes of the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid.
  • the amount of lactic acid per growing cell was smaller in fed-batch culture than in batch culture, regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as a sugar source. Moreover, when the fed-batch culture using a glucose sugar source was compared with the fed-batch culture using a sucrose sugar source, the amount of lactic acid per growth cell was smaller when using a sucrose sugar source. However, even in fed-batch culture using glucose as a sugar source, it is considered that the effect of glucose repression is sufficiently reduced. Also, the cell yield (g-cell / g-sugar) was higher in fed-batch culture than in batch culture, regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as the sugar source.
  • Example 3 when the batch culture using a glucose sugar source was compared with the batch culture using a sucrose sugar source, the amount of lactic acid per growth cell was smaller when using a sucrose sugar source.
  • Lb. reuteri has been reported to regenerate one molecule of NAD + by degrading sucrose to glucose and fructose and converting fructose to mannitol.
  • sucrose as a sugar source, NAD + is regenerated by mannitol production, and by performing a fed-batch culture with a sucrose sugar source, the flux of this pathway is further increased, which is considered to be linked to suppression of lactic acid production.
  • Example 4 Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 was used as a strain of lactic acid bacteria.
  • the culture method, the sampling method, and the method of calculating each evaluation value are the same as in Example 1.
  • Table 4 shows the specific growth rate ⁇ , specific production rate ⁇ , and proliferating cells calculated from the amount of cells and lactic acid amount after a predetermined time (5 hours after fed-batch culture and 2.5 hours after batch culture) after the start of main culture. It shows the amount of lactic acid per unit ⁇ / ⁇ , and the cell yield. Further, FIG. 4 shows a graph of temporal changes of the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid.
  • the amount of lactic acid per growing cell was smaller in fed-batch culture than in batch culture, regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as a sugar source. Moreover, when the fed-batch culture using a glucose sugar source was compared with the fed-batch culture using a sucrose sugar source, the amount of lactic acid per growth cell was smaller when using a sucrose sugar source. However, even in fed-batch culture using glucose as a sugar source, it is considered that the effect of glucose repression is sufficiently reduced. Also, the cell yield (g-cell / g-sugar) was higher in fed-batch culture than in batch culture, regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as the sugar source.
  • Example 5 Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 was used as a strain of lactic acid bacteria.
  • the culture method, the sampling method, and the method of calculating each evaluation value are the same as in Example 1.
  • Table 5 shows the specific growth rate ⁇ , specific production rate ⁇ , and proliferating cell mass calculated from the amount of cells and lactic acid amount after a predetermined time from the start of the main culture (5 hours after fed-batch culture and 4 hours after batch culture) It shows the amount of lactic acid per unit ⁇ / ⁇ , and the cell yield. Further, FIG. 5 shows a graph of temporal changes in the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid.
  • the amount of lactic acid per growing cell was smaller in fed-batch culture than in batch culture, regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as a sugar source. Moreover, when the fed-batch culture using a glucose sugar source was compared with the fed-batch culture using a sucrose sugar source, the amount of lactic acid per growth cell was smaller when using a sucrose sugar source. However, even in fed-batch culture using glucose as a sugar source, it is considered that the effect of glucose repression is sufficiently reduced. Also, the cell yield (g-cell / g-sugar) was higher in fed-batch culture than in batch culture, regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as the sugar source.
  • Example 6 Lb. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 was used as a strain of lactic acid bacteria.
  • preculture 100 ⁇ L of the frozen stock of Lb. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 was inoculated into 100 mL of MRS medium containing 2% of glucose or galactose as a sugar source and statically cultured at 37 ° C. for 15 hours.
  • the OD 660 of the preculture fluid was measured, and the amount of culture fluid required to make the main culture fluid 100 OD units was calculated.
  • the preculture liquid was centrifuged (8,000 ⁇ g, 4 ° C., 5 min), washed with physiological saline, and then resuspended in this culture liquid and inoculated.
  • the flow acceleration F (L / h) of the medium in fed-batch culture was calculated based on the following equation so as to keep the specific growth rate constant.
  • the feed medium was fed to the medium at a calculated flow rate using a peristaltic pump.
  • t is culture time (h)
  • the initial culture solution volume V 0 was 0.1 L.
  • the sugar concentration S F of the feed medium was 10 g / L, and the cell yield Y X / S was 0.2 g-cell / g-sugar.
  • a temperature-controlled thermostatic bath was placed on a magnetic stirrer, and stirring culture was performed at 500 rpm.
  • batch culture was performed using MRS medium containing glucose or galactose at 2% as a sugar source.
  • the amount of culture solution, the amount of inoculation and the culture conditions were the same as in the fed-batch culture.
  • the culture fluid was sampled from the sampling line using a 5 mL syringe. At the time of sampling, after discarding the culture solution remaining in the sampling line, 1 mL of culture solution was sampled.
  • the turbidity (OD 660 ) of the sampled culture solution is measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer UV-1850 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the amount of cells in the culture solution is calculated based on the measured OD 660 value. did. Further, the concentration of lactic acid in the sampled culture solution was measured using a biosensor BF-5 (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) and an enzyme electrode (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). The lactic acid concentration is the total concentration of D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid. Based on the obtained amount of cells, as an evaluation value, the specific growth rate ⁇ , the specific production rate ⁇ , and the amount ⁇ / ⁇ of lactic acid per the amount of grown cells were calculated.
  • Table 6 shows the specific growth rate ⁇ , the specific production rate ⁇ , and the amount of lactic acid ⁇ / ⁇ per amount of proliferating bacterial cells calculated from the amount of lactic acid and the amount of lactic acid after 3 hours in both fed-batch culture and batch culture from the start of main culture. Show.
  • the error range indicates the 95% confidence interval by regression analysis.
  • Example 7 Lactococcus lactis MG1363 was used as a strain of lactic acid bacteria.
  • Lactis MG1363 was inoculated into 100 mL of MRS medium containing 2% of glucose or galactose as a sugar source, and static culture was carried out at 30 ° C. for 15 hours.
  • Table 7 shows the specific growth rate ⁇ , the specific production rate ⁇ ⁇ , and the proliferating cells calculated from the amount of cells and the amount of lactic acid after a predetermined time from the start of the main culture (3 hours after fed-batch culture and 2 hours after batch culture). The amount of lactic acid per unit ⁇ / ⁇ is shown.
  • the error range indicates the 95% confidence interval by regression analysis.
  • the present invention can be used for high-density culture of lactic acid bacteria, and in particular, can be used for the production of specific chemical substances produced by lactic acid bacteria, and for the production of foods containing lactic acid bacteria or their products at high concentrations. Since the culture obtained by the present invention has a small amount of lactic acid, the unique flavor of lactic acid is alleviated, and moisture absorption hardly occurs at the time of powder processing, so that it can be suitably used as a food or its material.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de culture de bactéries lactiques qui inhibe la production d'acide lactique dans une diversité de bactéries lactiques et permet une culture à haute densité. Les bactéries lactiques sont cultivées par culture en cuvée alimentée. Lorsque les bactéries lactiques sont cultivées par culture en cuvée alimentée, la production d'acide lactique est inhibée comparativement à la culture par culture en cuvée, et l'inhibition de la croissance des bactéries lactiques provoquée par des concentrations élevées en acide lactique peut alors être réduite. La culture des bactéries lactiques peut ainsi être effectuée à une densité supérieure à celle dans le cas de la culture en cuvée de bactéries lactiques.
PCT/JP2018/029124 2017-08-04 2018-08-02 Procédé de culture de bactéries lactiques WO2019027017A1 (fr)

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JP7444370B2 (ja) 2017-08-04 2024-03-06 株式会社明治 乳酸菌の培養方法

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