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WO2019076539A1 - Surface à écoulement optimisé et véhicule doté d'une telle surface à écoulement optimisé - Google Patents

Surface à écoulement optimisé et véhicule doté d'une telle surface à écoulement optimisé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019076539A1
WO2019076539A1 PCT/EP2018/074387 EP2018074387W WO2019076539A1 WO 2019076539 A1 WO2019076539 A1 WO 2019076539A1 EP 2018074387 W EP2018074387 W EP 2018074387W WO 2019076539 A1 WO2019076539 A1 WO 2019076539A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
optimized surface
optimized
coating
acrylates
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/074387
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kai-Christoph Pfingsten
Mathias Nolte
Oliver OESER
Original Assignee
Lufthansa Technik Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lufthansa Technik Ag filed Critical Lufthansa Technik Ag
Priority to EP18769327.0A priority Critical patent/EP3697853A1/fr
Publication of WO2019076539A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019076539A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
    • C09D4/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups C09D159/00 - C09D187/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C21/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
    • B64C21/10—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow using other surface properties, e.g. roughness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/002—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer
    • F15D1/0025—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply
    • F15D1/003—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions
    • F15D1/0035—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions in the form of riblets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00—Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/26—Boundary layer controls by using rib lets or hydrophobic surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/10—Drag reduction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flow-optimized surface having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a vehicle having such a flow-optimized surface having the features of the preamble of claim 12
  • Vehicles and parts in general which are deliberately exposed to a flow, such as Rotor blades of Windkraftanla conditions or ship propeller are deliberately designed in their outer shape and their surface so that the friction losses de flow to the outer skin of the vehicle or the parts are as low as possible, which in addition to a desired movement behavior and desired balance of power and low rigere consumption of a associated drive device and efficiencies in general can be realized.
  • the surface of aircraft is selectively formed with microstructures in the form of ribs to a flow-optimized surface, through which the friction losses can be reduced.
  • the geometries of such strömungsoptimier te surfaces are, for example, from the documents AT 508274 Bl, EP 2 982 599 AI and WO 2017/063040 AI known.
  • the ribs of the flow-optimized surface are also referred to in the jargon as riblets - or, in the style of the animal world, as sharkskins - and serve to reduce friction losses by selectively influencing the flow in the boundary layer at the surface. In tests it could be determined in the flow channel that the ribs can achieve a friction reduction of up to 10%.
  • Riblets can be applied to a surface by a variety of techniques including lithography, laser ablation, 3D printing, and machining, such as milling.
  • the flow-optimized surfaces with the friction-reducing surface structure may e.g. applied in the form of films or embossed by embossing.
  • the flow-optimized surface is applied by means of a foil
  • a special lacquer is applied to the foil in order to realize the special rib structure.
  • the paint is a UV-curable paint which is applied to a die with a negative mold of the surface.
  • the matrix is then pressed with the paint on the surface to be coated.
  • the matrix itself is also permeable to UV radiation, so that the paint can be cured during the embossing process to the extent that it is dimensionally stable after removal of the die.
  • the process can also be carried out continuously using a roller, a conveyor belt, or the like. be applied.
  • the microstructured paint can also be glued to the free surface without carrier film directly on the aircraft surface, so that the paint with the rib structure forms the free surface of the aircraft part.
  • the paint can also be applied directly to the surface of the aircraft to be structured, the friction-reducing surface structure then being embossed, for example, in a rolling process or already formed during application, as is known, for example, from EP 2 982 599 A1.
  • a disadvantage of such flow-optimized surfaces is that even under the external influences they are subject to unavoidable wear. As a result of the wear, the surface structure of the flow-optimized surface that is advantageous in relation to the friction conditions then changes, as a result of which the friction losses increase, or the advantageous effect of the friction-reducing surface is at least partially lost.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a flow-optimized surface and a vehicle with such a flow-optimized surface with reduced wear.
  • a coating forming the friction-reducing surface has a modulus of elasticity of 1.0 to 500.0 MPa and / or an elastic deformability of more than 10%.
  • the proposed property of the coating is advantageous insofar as the wear of the streamlined surface can be significantly reduced. This is due to the fact that the abrasion of the flow-optimized surface caused hitherto by the impinging particles can be reduced by the coating of the flow-optimized surface being able to yield at least slightly elastically.
  • the impinging particles thereby cause no dissolution of material particles from the flow-optimized surface, but instead upon impact small elastic indentations, which deform after the rebound of the particles back again.
  • the invention utilizes the knowledge that the surface can retain its surface even in its original form due to the deliberate compliance of the flow-optimized surface.
  • the low modulus of elasticity and the high elongation at break preferably lead to a correspondingly high elastic deformability of the flow-optimized surface of greater than 10%, without adversely affecting the advantages of friction reduction achieved by the surface structure.
  • the coating is formed by a plastic, more preferably by a lacquer.
  • the paint is advantageously applied to the surface via a negative mold, for example by a roller or a conveyor belt.
  • a negative mold for example by a roller or a conveyor belt.
  • it is UV-curable varnish.
  • the female mold is also permeable to UV light. The paint can thus be hardened so far during the embossing process that it is dimensionally stable after removal of the die.
  • the paint is produced from a prepolymer having at least one mono- or oligomer building block with at least one polymerizable C-C double bond.
  • the mono- or oligomer building block from the group of acrylates, methyl acrylates, vinyl ethers, allyl ethers, propenyl ethers, alkenes, dienes, unsaturated esters, allyl triazenes, allyl isocyanates, N-vinyl amides.
  • the paint is advantageously prepared from a prepolymer having at least one multifunctional monomer building block with at least two thiol groups from the group: 3-mercaptopropionates, 3-mercaptoacetates, thioglycolates, alkylthiols.
  • the lacquer has a proportion of at least 60.0 percent by weight of one or more of the following oligomer and / or polymer compounds: polyurethanes, polyacrylates, epoxy acrylates, silicone acrylates, polyether acrylates. Further advantageously, the lacquer comprises a proportion of 2.0 to 40.0 percent by weight of one or more reactive diluents of a UV-curable monomer having an acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl group.
  • the varnish comprises a proportion of 0.05 to 10.0 percent by weight of one or more hydrophobic additives comprising silicone, fluorochemicals, and / or alkyl compounds.
  • the paint has a photoinitiator. Further advantageously, the proportion of the photoinitiator 0.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the paint.
  • Fig. 1 is an enlarged schematic representation of a strö optimized surface with an inventive Shen surface and a surface according to the prior art in comparison;
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a strömungsoptimier th surface with a surface according to the invention and a surface according to the prior art in comparison.
  • FIG. 1 shows two sections and plan views through or onto a vehicle part designed in this case in the form of an aircraft part 1, wherein the representation I is an aircraft part 1 with a flow-optimized surface 2 according to the prior art and the representation II a further developed one Show aircraft part 1 with a flow-optimized surface according to the invention.
  • the aircraft part 1 can be any part of an aircraft which is part of the outer skin of the aircraft and thus exposed to the air flow.
  • the flow-optimized surface 2 in each case has a rubbing-reducing surface structure, which may correspond, for example, to the surface structure described in the document AT 508274 Bl.
  • the friction-reducing surface Structure is preferably characterized by a plurality of mutually parallel ribs 3, which are preferably aligned in the flow direction during the flight on the surface under normal conditions along flowing outside air.
  • the height of the ribs 3 is 0.1 to 1.5 times, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 times the distance of the ribs 3 to each other, wherein the height and the distances are selected in the micrometer range of 10 to 200 / im.
  • the streamlined surface 2 is described here in use on an aircraft part 1, which is exposed during the flight of the air flow to the environment.
  • the air flow is vectorially composed of the wind and the relative movement of the aircraft to its environment caused by the airspeed and may be up to 300 m / s depending on the wind direction.
  • the air flow corresponds to the relative flow between the outer skin of the aircraft part 1 and the fluid surrounding the aircraft part 1. Since the airspeed, at about 850 km / h to 950 km / h, is considerably greater than the wind speed, the relative speed of the vectorial sum will always be directed in the direction of flight in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage. Accordingly, the ribs 3 in an aircraft are always aligned in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage accordingly.
  • the stromungsoptimator surface 2 can also be applied to the surface of other vehicles such as ships, automobiles, motorcycles or the like. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to apply the streamlined surface 2 to surfaces which are exposed to extreme flow conditions due to their arrangement and the use of the part on which they are placed. Such surfaces can be For example, be the surface of the rotor blades of wind rotors, ship propellers or surf or kite boards.
  • the ribs 3 are aligned in this case in each case in the flow direction of the expected under normal conditions or averaged conditions relative flow at the surface.
  • the two flow-optimized surfaces 2 in FIG. 1 are here each applied to an aircraft part 1 in the form of a coating 5, wherein the coating 5 is preferably formed by a lacquer.
  • the flow-optimized surfaces 2 each have a friction-reducing surface structure of mutually parallel ribs 3 which can be recognized in the upper plan views in each case as lines and in the lower sectional representations as equidistantly arranged elevations or tips.
  • the flow-optimized surface 2 shown in the left-hand illustration I known in the prior art with the coating layer LS designated A has a coating 5 with a modulus of elasticity E of 1026 Pa, a tensile strength R of 37.5 MPa and an elongation at break L of 6, 2% up.
  • the wear of the flow-optimized surface 2 known from the prior art with the lacquer layer LS was produced under defined conditions in an experiment in a sand vibrating table and is in the form of craters 4 in the flow-optimized surface 2 and on the basis of the fillets 6 of the ribs 3 previously formed in cross-section to recognize.
  • the flow-optimized surface 2 developed according to the invention shown in the right-hand illustration II has a new lacquer layer LS, which is designated as B, and a 5 has a modulus of elasticity E of 7.3 MPa, a tensile strength R of 8.0 MPa and an elongation at break L of 81.3%.
  • the wear of the inventively further developed flow optimized surface 2 with the new coating layer LS was produced under identical experimental conditions and is noticeably lower, which can be recognized by the significantly smaller number of craters 4 in the flow-optimized surface 2, which are also significantly flatter.
  • the ribs 3 are significantly less rounded and still pointed in cross section, as can be seen in the lower illustration.
  • the coating 5 according to the invention has a preferred modulus of elasticity E of 1.0 to 500.0 MPa, the effect according to the invention, ie the reduction in wear, being more pronounced or greater, if a paint 5 with the lowest possible modulus of elasticity E is used.
  • a paint 5 with the lowest possible modulus of elasticity E is used.
  • particularly good results can be achieved with coatings 5 having a modulus of elasticity E of less than 100 MPa and particularly preferably having a modulus of elasticity E of less than 50 MPa.
  • the coating 5 according to the invention with the new lacquer layer LS can e.g. be prepared from a prepolymer having at least one mono- or oligomer building block with at least one polymerizable CC double bond, the mono- or oligomer building block more preferably selected from the group of acrylates, methyl acrylates, vinyl ethers, allyl ethers, propenyl ethers, alkenes, dienes, unsaturated esters, allyl Triazene, allyl isocyanates, N-vinyl amides.
  • the coating 5 can be produced from a varnish comprising a prepolymer having at least one multifunctional monomer unit with at least two thiol groups from the group: 3-mercaptopropionates, 3-mercaptoacetates, thioglycolates, alkylthiols.
  • the lacquer may have a proportion of at least 60.0 percent by weight of one or more of the following oligomer and / or polymer compounds: polyurethanes, polyacrylates, epoxy acrylates, silicone acrylates, polyether acrylates.
  • the paint may contain from 2.0 to 40.0 weight percent of one or more reactive diluents of a UV-curable monomer having an acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl group.
  • the varnish may comprise from 0.05 to 10.0 percent by weight of one or more hydrophobic additives comprising silicone, fluorochemicals, and / or alkyl compounds.
  • the lacquer may have a photoinitiator, wherein the proportion of the photoinitiator is preferably from 0.0 to 5.0% by weight of the lacquer.
  • a second possible embodiment of a paint according to the invention has the following composition: 84% oligomer E8402
  • the friction-reducing coating 5 by a rubber coating.
  • the chemical curing for example, the vulcanization, takes place during the shaping by a die with the negative mold.
  • the coating 5 it is possible to apply the coating 5 to a film and then apply this to the surface.
  • the coating 5 is formed by the film itself.
  • the proposed coating 5 can also be applied to other friction-reducing surface structures with a different structure than the ribs 3 described here, since the coating 5 basically only reduces the wear and thus the original friction-reducing surface structure is retained longer regardless of its shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une surface à écoulement optimisé (2), en particulier une surface d'avion présentant une structure de surface réduisant le frottement, formée par un revêtement (5), ladite surface à écoulement optimisé étant caractérisée en ce que le revêtement (5) présente un module d'élasticité (E) de 1,0 à 500,0 MPa et/ou une déformabilité élastique supérieure à 10 %.
PCT/EP2018/074387 2017-10-17 2018-09-11 Surface à écoulement optimisé et véhicule doté d'une telle surface à écoulement optimisé WO2019076539A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18769327.0A EP3697853A1 (fr) 2017-10-17 2018-09-11 Surface à écoulement optimisé et véhicule doté d'une telle surface à écoulement optimisé

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017218543.0A DE102017218543A1 (de) 2017-10-17 2017-10-17 Strömungsoptimierte Oberfläche und Fahrzeug mit einer derartigen strömungsoptimierten Oberfläche
DE102017218543.0 2017-10-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019076539A1 true WO2019076539A1 (fr) 2019-04-25

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PCT/EP2018/074387 WO2019076539A1 (fr) 2017-10-17 2018-09-11 Surface à écoulement optimisé et véhicule doté d'une telle surface à écoulement optimisé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3697853A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102017218543A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019076539A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020007632A1 (de) 2020-12-14 2022-06-15 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Verfahren zur Aufbringung von geprägten Strukturen auf eine Oberfläche eines Objekts

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007036349A1 (fr) * 2005-09-27 2007-04-05 Nikolaus Vida Procede de profilage d'une surface
AT508274B1 (de) 2009-06-12 2015-03-15 Peter Adrian Dipl Ing Leitl Verfahren zur herstellung einer mikrostrukturierten folie
EP2982599A1 (fr) 2014-08-01 2016-02-10 The Boeing Company Nervures de réduction de traînée intégrées dans une couche de peinture
WO2016090395A1 (fr) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft Mbh Composition polymère ou prépolymère ou peinture d'impression en relief comprenant une telle composition et son utilisation
WO2017063040A1 (fr) 2015-10-13 2017-04-20 Bilinsky Henry Claudius Motifs de microstructure

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9352533B2 (en) * 2009-01-29 2016-05-31 The Boeing Company Elastomeric riblets
US8568849B2 (en) * 2009-05-20 2013-10-29 Ming Kun Shi Surface treated film and/or laminate

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007036349A1 (fr) * 2005-09-27 2007-04-05 Nikolaus Vida Procede de profilage d'une surface
AT508274B1 (de) 2009-06-12 2015-03-15 Peter Adrian Dipl Ing Leitl Verfahren zur herstellung einer mikrostrukturierten folie
EP2982599A1 (fr) 2014-08-01 2016-02-10 The Boeing Company Nervures de réduction de traînée intégrées dans une couche de peinture
WO2016090395A1 (fr) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft Mbh Composition polymère ou prépolymère ou peinture d'impression en relief comprenant une telle composition et son utilisation
WO2017063040A1 (fr) 2015-10-13 2017-04-20 Bilinsky Henry Claudius Motifs de microstructure

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Publication number Publication date
EP3697853A1 (fr) 2020-08-26
DE102017218543A1 (de) 2019-04-18

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