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WO2018233369A1 - Procédé d'écriture basé sur la copie sur écriture et dispositif de disque virtuel, et support de stockage - Google Patents

Procédé d'écriture basé sur la copie sur écriture et dispositif de disque virtuel, et support de stockage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018233369A1
WO2018233369A1 PCT/CN2018/083778 CN2018083778W WO2018233369A1 WO 2018233369 A1 WO2018233369 A1 WO 2018233369A1 CN 2018083778 W CN2018083778 W CN 2018083778W WO 2018233369 A1 WO2018233369 A1 WO 2018233369A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
write
virtual disk
written
file
copy
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PCT/CN2018/083778
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘仁仕
张齐国
Original Assignee
平安科技（深圳）有限公司
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Publication of WO2018233369A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018233369A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
    • G06F3/061—Improving I/O performance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
    • G06F3/0638—Organizing or formatting or addressing of data
    • G06F3/0644—Management of space entities, e.g. partitions, extents, pools
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
    • G06F3/0671—In-line storage system

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of virtual disk technologies, and in particular, to a method and device for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write, and a storage medium.
  • Virtual disk (Virtual Disk), is to virtualize a disk inside a remote computer in the local computer, it feels like the hard disk on the machine, but in fact it is not on the machine.
  • a virtual disk is a technology that virtualizes one or more disks in memory. Like virtual memory, memory is much faster than a hard disk. With this, virtual disk one or more disks in memory can speed up the disk. The speed of data exchange, which increases the speed of the computer.
  • Virtual disks are widely used in current cloud computing environments.
  • virtual disks are fragmented after multiple times of writing files, that is, continuous virtual address spaces are distributed in non-contiguous file address spaces, which inevitably brings Write amplification, that is, a write operation to the virtual disk will be amplified into multiple file write operations, which has a certain impact on write performance.
  • the size of the data block to be written is 2 MB
  • the size of the default cluster is 64 KB
  • 32 data clusters need to be written, and the 32 data clusters may be discretely distributed in the discontinuous file addresses.
  • the write operation is amplified to 32 times, resulting in a decrease in the write performance of the virtual disk.
  • the main purpose of the present application is to provide a method and a device for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write, and a storage medium, which aims to solve the problem that a virtual disk in a prior art writes a file after being written to a file multiple times, resulting in virtual Technical problem with reduced disk write performance.
  • the present application provides a method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write, and the method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write includes:
  • the write-once copy is turned on for the write operation to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation into the cache of the virtual disk;
  • a contiguous address space is allocated for the write operation in the virtual disk, and a file to be written in the cache is written to the virtual disk.
  • the present application further provides a virtual disk writing device based on copy-on-write, wherein the copy-on-write-based virtual disk writing device includes: a memory, a processor, and a memory stored in the memory and A copy-on-write virtual disk write program executable on the processor, the copy-on-write-based virtual disk write program being executed by the processor to implement the following steps:
  • the write-once copy is turned on for the write operation to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation into the cache of the virtual disk;
  • a contiguous address space is allocated for the write operation in the virtual disk, and a file to be written in the cache is written to the virtual disk.
  • the present application further provides a storage medium on which a virtual disk write program based on copy-on-write is stored, and the virtual disk write program based on copy-on-write is executed by a processor.
  • the respective steps corresponding to the virtual disk writing method based on copy-on-write as described above are implemented.
  • the present application further provides a virtual disk writing device based on copy-on-write, wherein the virtual disk writing device based on copy-on-write includes:
  • a detecting module configured to detect a write magnification of the write operation when detecting that the virtual disk has a write operation
  • a copy module configured to: when the write magnification is equal to or greater than a preset threshold, enable copy-on-write for the write operation to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation to the virtual The cache of the disk;
  • a writing module configured to allocate a continuous address space for the write operation in the virtual disk and write a file to be written in the cache to the virtual disk when receiving a storage instruction .
  • the method and device for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write and the storage medium provided by the present application can realize that a write operation of the virtual disk is detected, and a write magnification of the write operation is equal to or greater than a preset
  • the copy-on-write is turned on for the write operation, so that the file to be written corresponding to the write operation is temporarily written into the cache of the virtual disk, instead of directly writing to the virtual disk, when receiving the storage instruction. Only allocate a contiguous address space for the write operation in the above virtual disk, and then write the file to be written in the cache to the virtual disk.
  • the write amplification factor protects the write performance of the virtual disk, and solves the technical problem that the virtual disk in the prior art generates write amplification after multiple times of writing the file, resulting in a decrease in virtual disk write performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write according to the present application
  • step S30 is a schematic flow chart of the refinement step of step S30 shown in FIG. 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a software running environment involved in a virtual disk writing device based on copy-on-write according to the present application.
  • the following embodiment provides a virtual disk write method based on copy-on-write.
  • the virtual disk is detected to have a write operation, and the write magnification of the write operation is equal to or greater than a preset threshold.
  • the copy-on-write is performed to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation into the cache of the virtual disk, instead of directly writing to the virtual disk, when receiving the storage instruction,
  • the contiguous address space is allocated for the write operation in the above virtual disk, and then the file to be written in the cache is written to the virtual disk.
  • the write-once copy is enabled for each write operation, so that the file to be written can be written into the continuous address space of the virtual disk, thereby effectively controlling the virtual disk.
  • Write write magnification to protect the write performance of the virtual disk.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write according to the present application.
  • the virtual disk writing method includes:
  • step S10 when it is detected that the virtual disk has a write operation, the write magnification of the write operation is detected.
  • the virtual disk in the embodiment refers to “disguising” data, files, network files, and memory into a disk by technical means, so that the user feels like a “disk” existing on a real disk.
  • the client can connect to the iSCSI on the server through the local area network.
  • the Cake server virtualizes a hard disk locally to achieve the effect of sharing the server hard disk through the network. For example, Internet cafe owners only need iSCSI on the server. Add a directory and install game software in Cake.
  • the client's local virtual hard disk has the corresponding game software, and you don't need to install it on every machine.
  • the above write operation refers to a process of writing and storing a file to be written to the above virtual disk, and specifically, Vhd (Microsoft) Virtual Hard Disk format) is a virtual disk write tool.
  • Vhd Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk format
  • the file to be written corresponding to the above write operation includes a Qcow2 image format file, and the Qcow2 image format file belongs to a QEMU (Quick) Emulator, virtual operating system emulator)
  • QEMU Quick Emulator, virtual operating system emulator
  • a disk image file supported by the emulator which can represent a fixed-size block device disk in the form of a file.
  • write amplification is an undesired phenomenon in virtual disks, that is, the amount of physical information actually written is a multiple of the number of logics to be written. Because flash must be erased before it can be rewritten, the process of performing these operations produces more than one movement (or rewrite) of user data and metadata. This multiplication effect increases the number of requests written. The write is amplified, and the number of times the write is requested is the write magnification.
  • the write enlargement corresponding to the write operation is detected.
  • the step of detecting the write amplification factor corresponding to the write operation includes: detecting a size of the data block to be written, and a size of the corresponding data cluster for each write operation, according to the size of the data block and the size of the data cluster. Calculate the write magnification corresponding to the above write operation. For example, when the size of the written data block is 2 MB, and the size of the corresponding data cluster for each write operation is 64 KB, a total of 32 data clusters need to be written, and the 32 data clusters may be discretely distributed in the discontinuous file. In the address, at this time, the write magnification corresponding to the above write operation is 32 times.
  • Step S20 when the write amplification factor is equal to or greater than a preset threshold, then copy-on-write is turned on for the write operation to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation to the virtual disk. In the cache.
  • a write amplification threshold is set in advance, for example, set to 5 times, 10 times, etc., and when the write amplification factor is equal to or greater than the threshold, copy-on-write is turned on for the write operation.
  • copy-on-write is COW (copy-on-write) technology
  • COW technology uses "refcount” (refcount)
  • the constructor of the string allocates memory from the heap according to the parameters passed in.
  • the reference count is automatically accumulated, when there is class destruction. The reference count is decremented by one until the last class is destructed, at which point the reference count is 1 or 0.
  • fwrite write file
  • fprintf transfer formatted output to a file
  • the copy-on-write is turned on for the write operation.
  • Step S30 when receiving the storage instruction, allocate a continuous address space for the write operation in the virtual disk, and write the file to be written in the cache to the virtual disk.
  • the writing process of the qcow2 file in the prior art will be described as an example.
  • the write amplification may still be caused when the large data block is written to the virtual disk.
  • the storage instruction may be triggered (such as clicking “save”), and after receiving the storage instruction, the virtual disk writing device is to be written in the virtual disk.
  • the write operation corresponding to the input file allocates a contiguous address space, and then the above-mentioned file to be written is written to the virtual disk.
  • the method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write when the virtual disk is detected to have a write operation, and the write magnification of the write operation is equal to or greater than a preset threshold, the write is performed.
  • the write operation enables copy-on-write to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation to the cache of the virtual disk instead of directly writing to the virtual disk, and is in the virtual disk when receiving the storage instruction.
  • a contiguous address space is allocated for the write operation, and then the file to be written in the cache is written to the above virtual disk.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a refinement step of step S30 shown in FIG. 1 according to the present application.
  • the first embodiment of the method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write according to the present application is based on copy-on-write.
  • the contiguous address space is allocated to the write operation in the virtual disk in step S30 shown in FIG. 1 above, and the cache is to be written.
  • the input file is written to the virtual disk and includes:
  • Step S31 assigning consecutive clusters to the file to be written in the virtual disk
  • Step S32 writing the file to be written in the cache into the consecutive clusters, and updating the virtual address offset of the file to be written in the cache.
  • the qcow2 file is taken as an example of the file to be written, and the qcow2 file is composed of a plurality of fixed-size clusters, wherein the virtual disk is composed of multiple sectors, and several sectors are combined. As a cluster; in addition, the writing and reading of files in the virtual disk is also in clusters.
  • qcow2 files can be divided into the following categories:
  • header the file header, through the data in the header, can be indexed to l1_table, reference count table (refcount table);
  • l2_table virtual address offset, storing the offset position of the data block
  • refcount_table reference count table, store reference count block (refcount Offset position of block);
  • refcount_block reference counting block, storing the reference count (refcount) value
  • snapshot table snapshot table, used to store the basic information of the snapshot.
  • the above snapshot refers to a fully available copy of the specified data set, the copy includes an image of the corresponding data at a certain point in time (the point in time when the copy starts), and the snapshot may be a copy of the data represented by the snapshot, or Is a replica of the data.
  • the role of the snapshot is to enable online data backup and recovery. When the storage device fails or the file is damaged, you can perform fast data recovery and restore the data to a usable time point.
  • Another function of the snapshot is to provide another data access channel for the storage user. When the original data is processed online, the user can access the snapshot data, and can also use the snapshot for testing.
  • the qcow2 file implements the conversion from the logical address to the area in the actual file through the two-level index of l1_table and l2_table, thereby realizing the support time allocation. That is, if there is no write operation in an area, the actual address space is not allocated for the area.
  • a continuous cluster is allocated to the file to be written in the virtual disk, and then the file to be written is written into the allocated continuous cluster, and updated.
  • the virtual address offset of the file to be written is written.
  • the method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write when a virtual disk writes a file, first allocates a continuous cluster for the file to be written in the virtual disk, and then writes the file to be written. Up to the allocated consecutive clusters, and updating the virtual address offset of the file to be written, thereby effectively controlling the write magnification of the virtual disk and protecting the write performance of the virtual disk.
  • the third embodiment of the method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write is provided in the third embodiment of the present invention. Updating the virtual address offset of the file to be written in the cache as described in the following:
  • the file header header of the file to be written may be indexed to l1_table, and then may be indexed to the virtual address offset l2_table according to the l1_table.
  • Refcount_table which can be indexed to the reference count block refcount by reference counting table The cluster where the block is located; in addition, through the above file header, it is also possible to index to the snapshot table, and then index the data to the snapshot, that is, the file to be written.
  • step of releasing the clusters already occupied in the virtual disk is as follows:
  • the reference count corresponding to the occupied cluster is decremented by one.
  • the reference count refcount is a data block index value
  • each cluster in the qcow2 file has a corresponding reference count. If the cluster is not allocated, its reference count is 0. If the cluster is allocated, Its reference count is greater than zero. For a cluster, each time it performs a write-time copy, its corresponding reference count value is incremented by one. Therefore, the clusters already occupied in the virtual disk can be released by decrementing the reference count corresponding to the above-mentioned occupied cluster.
  • the method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write may index the virtual address offset of the file to be written according to the file header of the file to be written, thereby updating the virtual file to be written.
  • the address offset, and the reference count corresponding to the occupied cluster in the virtual disk is decremented by 1, thereby releasing the occupied cluster in the virtual disk, and the file to be written can be written into the allocated virtual disk.
  • Continuous address space which effectively controls the write magnification of the virtual disk and protects the write performance of the virtual disk.
  • the present application is based on the fourth embodiment of the method for writing a virtual disk based on copy-on-write.
  • Allocating a contiguous address space for the write operation in the virtual disk in the step S30, and writing the file to be written in the cache to the virtual disk includes:
  • the virtual address offset of the file to be written needs to be updated, and the cluster that has been occupied in the virtual disk needs to be released, thereby The data written in the write operation of the write file is lost. Therefore, in the embodiment, when the file to be written is written to the virtual disk, the first and last data segments corresponding to the occupied cluster are read. And spliced with the above-mentioned file to be written and simultaneously written to the virtual disk.
  • the method for writing a virtual disk based on the copy-on-write according to the present embodiment, when writing the file to be written corresponding to the write operation to the virtual disk, reading the first and last data segments corresponding to the occupied cluster, And the splicing of the file to be written is simultaneously written into the virtual disk, so that all the files to be written corresponding to the above write operation can be written into the virtual disk, thereby ensuring the accuracy of writing the virtual disk data.
  • the present application also provides a virtual disk writing device based on copy-on-write
  • the copy-on-write-based virtual disk writing device includes: a memory, a processor, and is stored on the memory and operable on the processor
  • the virtual disk writing program based on copy-on-write, the device is capable of: when detecting that the virtual disk has a write operation, and the write magnification of the write operation is equal to or greater than a preset threshold, then the write The write operation enables copy-on-write to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation to the cache of the virtual disk instead of directly writing to the virtual disk, and is in the virtual disk when receiving the storage instruction.
  • a contiguous address space is allocated for the write operation, and then the file to be written in the cache is written to the above virtual disk. Since the device generates multiple write operations on the virtual disk, copy-on-write is enabled for each write operation, so that the file to be written can be written into a continuous address space in the virtual disk, thereby effectively controlling the virtual disk. Write write magnification to protect the write performance of the virtual disk.
  • the write-once copy is turned on for the write operation to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation into the cache of the virtual disk;
  • a contiguous address space is allocated for the write operation in the virtual disk, and a file to be written in the cache is written to the virtual disk.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a software running environment involved in a virtual disk writing device based on copy-on-write in the present application.
  • the incoming device can include a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a network interface 1004, a user interface 1003, a memory 1005, and a communication bus 1002.
  • the communication bus 1002 is configured to implement connection communication between the components; the user interface 1003 may include a display, an input unit such as a keyboard, and the optional user interface 1003 may further include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface.
  • the network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface); the memory 1005 may be a high speed RAM memory or a stable memory (non-volatile) Memory, such as a disk storage; the memory 1005 may alternatively be a storage device independent of the processor 1001 described above.
  • a wireless interface such as a WI-FI interface
  • the memory 1005 may be a high speed RAM memory or a stable memory (non-volatile) Memory, such as a disk storage; the memory 1005 may alternatively be a storage device independent of the processor 1001 described above.
  • FIG. 3 does not constitute a limitation on the above-described copy-on-write virtual disk writing device, which may include more or less components than those illustrated, or a combination of Some parts, or different parts are arranged.
  • a memory 1005 as a computer storage medium may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a virtual disk write program based on copy-on-write.
  • the network interface 1004 is mainly used to connect to the background server and perform data communication with the background server.
  • the user interface 1003 is mainly used to connect the client (user end) to perform data communication with the client; and the processor 1001 can use
  • the virtual disk write program based on copy-on-write stored in the memory 1005 is called and the corresponding operation is performed.
  • the embodiment corresponding to the virtual disk writing device based on the copy-on-write is basically the same as the corresponding embodiment of the virtual disk writing method based on the copy-on-write, and therefore no further details are provided herein.
  • the present application further provides a storage medium on which a virtual disk write program based on copy-on-write is stored, and the storage medium is capable of: detecting that a virtual disk has a write operation, and writing the write operation
  • the magnification is equal to or greater than the preset threshold
  • the copy-on-write is turned on for the write operation, so that the file to be written corresponding to the write operation is temporarily written into the cache of the virtual disk instead of directly writing to the virtual disk.
  • a storage instruction is received, a contiguous address space is allocated for the write operation in the virtual disk, and then the file to be written in the cache is written to the virtual disk.
  • copy-on-write is enabled for each write operation, so that the file to be written can be written into a continuous address space in the virtual disk, thereby effectively controlling the virtual disk.
  • Write write magnification to protect the write performance of the virtual disk.
  • the write-once copy is turned on for the write operation to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation into the cache of the virtual disk;
  • a contiguous address space is allocated for the write operation in the virtual disk, and a file to be written in the cache is written to the virtual disk.
  • the corresponding embodiment of the storage medium is substantially the same as the corresponding embodiment of the virtual disk writing method based on the copy-on-write. Therefore, details are not described herein again.
  • the present application further provides a virtual disk writing device based on copy-on-write, wherein the copy-on-write-based virtual disk writing device includes:
  • a detecting module configured to detect a write magnification of the write operation when detecting that the virtual disk has a write operation
  • a copy module configured to: when the write magnification is equal to or greater than a preset threshold, enable copy-on-write for the write operation to temporarily write the file to be written corresponding to the write operation to the virtual The cache of the disk;
  • a writing module configured to allocate a continuous address space for the write operation in the virtual disk and write a file to be written in the cache to the virtual disk when receiving a storage instruction .
  • the writing module includes:
  • An allocating unit configured to allocate, in the virtual disk, a continuous cluster for the file to be written in the cache
  • an updating unit configured to write the file to be written in the cache into the consecutive clusters, and update a virtual address offset of the file to be written in the cache.
  • the update unit includes:
  • An index subunit configured to index a virtual address offset of the file to be written according to the file header of the file to be written
  • An update subunit is configured to update a virtual address offset of the file to be written in the cache, and release a cluster that has been occupied in the virtual disk.
  • update subunit is further configured to:
  • the reference count corresponding to the occupied cluster is decremented by one.
  • writing module is further configured to:

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'écriture basé sur la copie sur écriture pour un disque virtuel, comprenant les étapes suivantes : lors de la détection d'une opération d'écriture effectuée sur un disque virtuel, détecter un rapport d'amplification d'écriture de l'opération d'écriture ; si le rapport d'amplification d'écriture est supérieur ou égale à un seuil prédéfini, activer une fonction de copie sur écriture pour l'opération d'écriture pour écrire temporairement, dans une mémoire cache du disque virtuel, un fichier à écrire correspondant à l'opération d'écriture ; et lors de la réception d'une instruction de stockage, attribuer, à l'opération d'écriture, des espaces d'adresse continus dans le disque virtuel, et écrire le fichier dans la mémoire cache sur le disque virtuel. L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'écriture basé sur la copie sur écriture pour un disque virtuel ainsi qu'un support de stockage.
PCT/CN2018/083778 2017-06-20 2018-04-19 Procédé d'écriture basé sur la copie sur écriture et dispositif de disque virtuel, et support de stockage WO2018233369A1 (fr)

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CN107861685A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2018-03-30 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 基于写时复制的虚拟磁盘写入方法及装置、存储介质
CN108845908A (zh) * 2018-06-21 2018-11-20 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 一种ssd硬盘测试方法、装置、设备及介质
CN109086002A (zh) * 2018-06-28 2018-12-25 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 存储对象的空间管理方法、装置、计算机装置及存储介质
CN109491620B (zh) * 2018-11-23 2020-08-14 柏科数据技术（深圳）股份有限公司 存储数据重写方法、装置、服务器及存储介质
CN113626081A (zh) * 2020-05-08 2021-11-09 安徽寒武纪信息科技有限公司 数据处理方法及装置以及相关产品
CN113867630B (zh) * 2021-09-10 2024-07-09 长沙市致存科技有限责任公司 存储器的数据批量写入方法、装置、终端设备及存储介质
CN115629716B (zh) * 2022-12-07 2023-04-11 广东睿江云计算股份有限公司 基于磁盘镜像文件的碎片整理方法及碎片整理系统

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