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WO2018132127A1 - Appareil, système et procédé de communication d'une ppdu edmg ayant une longueur usurpée - Google Patents

Appareil, système et procédé de communication d'une ppdu edmg ayant une longueur usurpée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018132127A1
WO2018132127A1 PCT/US2017/039853 US2017039853W WO2018132127A1 WO 2018132127 A1 WO2018132127 A1 WO 2018132127A1 US 2017039853 W US2017039853 W US 2017039853W WO 2018132127 A1 WO2018132127 A1 WO 2018132127A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
edmg
ppdu
header
duration
dmg
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/039853
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Claudio Da Silva
Carlos Cordeiro
Artyom LOMAYEV
Michael Genossar
Original Assignee
Intel IP Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel IP Corporation filed Critical Intel IP Corporation
Priority to EP17891568.2A priority Critical patent/EP3569010A4/fr
Publication of WO2018132127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018132127A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0075—Transmission of coding parameters to receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0078—Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors, e.g. location
    • H04L1/0079—Formats for control data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/2603—Signal structure ensuring backward compatibility with legacy system

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein generally relate to communicating an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) Physical Layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) with a spoofed length.
  • DMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • a wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave band may provide highspeed data access for users of wireless communication devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a Direct Multi- Gigabit (DMG) Physical Layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) and an Enhanced DMG (EDMG) PPDU, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • DMG Direct Multi- Gigabit
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • EDMG Enhanced DMG
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting a spoofing error as a function of a transmit time (TxTime), in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting a spoofing error as a function of TxTime, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting a spoofing error as a function of TxTime, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of transmitting an EDMG PPDU, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of processing a received EDMG PPDU, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”, “computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”, “checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.
  • processing may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.
  • plural and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, for example, “multiple” or “two or more”.
  • a plurality of items includes two or more items.
  • references to "one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrative embodiment”, “various embodiments” etc. indicate that the embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), a wireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a wearable device, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 (IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 (IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 (IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 (IE
  • Hay P802.11ay Standard for Information Technology— Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks— Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications— Amendment: Enhanced Throughput for Operation in License -Exempt Bands Above 45 GHz)) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (including WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.5, August 4, 2015) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit- Alliance (WGA) specifications (including Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHY Specification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing cellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g., 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, Radio Frequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDM A), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBeeTM, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Global System for
  • wireless device includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, or the like.
  • a wireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integrated with a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer.
  • the term "wireless device” may optionally include a wireless service.
  • the term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a communication signal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receiving the communication signal.
  • a communication unit which is capable of communicating a communication signal, may include a transmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one other communication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal from at least one other communication unit.
  • the verb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting or the action of receiving.
  • the phrase "communicating a signal” may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving the signal by a second device.
  • the phrase "communicating a signal” may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting the signal by a second device.
  • the communication signal may be transmitted and/or received, for example, in the form of Radio Frequency (RF) communication signals, and/or any other type of signal.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • circuitry may refer to, be part of, or include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules.
  • circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.
  • logic may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus.
  • the logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations.
  • logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors.
  • Logic may be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like.
  • logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and the like.
  • Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory, e.g., registers, stuck, buffers, and/or the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN, e.g., a WiFi network. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, for example, a wireless area network, a "piconet", a WPAN, a WVAN and the like. [0027] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), e.g., 60GHz.
  • GHz gigahertz
  • EHF Extremely High Frequency
  • mmWave millimeter wave
  • SIG Sub 1 GHz
  • 5GHz Wireless Fidelity
  • WLAN Wireless Fidelity
  • WPAN Wireless PAN
  • antenna may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays.
  • the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements.
  • the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.
  • the antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • DBand directional band
  • DMG communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 Gigabit per second, e.g., at least 7 Gigabit per second, at least 30 Gigabit per second, or any other rate.
  • DMG STA also referred to as a "mmWave STA (mSTA)"
  • mmWave STA mmWave STA
  • the DMG STA may perform other additional or alternative functionality.
  • Other embodiments may be implemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • system 100 may include one or more wireless communication devices.
  • system 100 may include a wireless communication device 102, a wireless communication device 140, and/or one more other devices.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may include a mobile device or a non- mobile, e.g., a static, device.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an UltrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non- vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop
  • IoT Internet
  • device 102 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 may include, for example, one or more of a processor
  • Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardware components and/or software components. In some demonstrative embodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or wireless links.
  • processor 191 and/or processor 181 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), an Application-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose or specific processor or controller.
  • Processor 191 may execute instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications.
  • Processor 181 may execute instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.
  • OS Operating System
  • OS Operating System
  • input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a trackball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device.
  • Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183 may include, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.
  • LED Light Emitting Diode
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non- volatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units.
  • Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 may include, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units.
  • Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195 may store data processed by device 102.
  • Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185 may store data processed by device 140.
  • wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103.
  • wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radio channel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, and the like.
  • WM 103 may include one or more directional bands and/or channels.
  • WM 103 may include one or more millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication bands and/or channels.
  • mmWave millimeter-wave
  • WM 103 may include one or more DMG channels. In other embodiments WM 103 may include any other directional channels.
  • WM 103 may include any other type of channel over any other frequency band.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may include one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wireless communication between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other wireless communication devices.
  • device 102 may include at least one radio 114
  • device 140 may include at least one radio 144.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data.
  • Rx wireless receivers
  • radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116
  • radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data.
  • Tx wireless transmitters
  • radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118
  • radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144, transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may include circuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters; filters; and/or the like.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and the like.
  • NIC wireless Network Interface Card
  • radios 114 and/or 144 may be configured to communicate over a directional band, for example, an mmWave band, and/or any other band, for example, a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, a S1G band, and/or any other band.
  • radios 114 and/or 144 may include, or may be associated with one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas.
  • device 102 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 107, and/or device 140 may include on or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 147.
  • Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays.
  • Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include directional antennas, which may be steered to one or more beam directions.
  • antennas 107 may be steered to one or more beam directions 135, and/or antennas 147 may be steered to one or more beam directions 145.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include and/or may be implemented as part of a single Phased Antenna Array (PA A).
  • PA A Phased Antenna Array
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may be implemented as part of a plurality of PAAs, for example, as a plurality of physically independent PAAs.
  • a PAA may include, for example, a rectangular geometry, e.g., including an integer number, denoted M, of rows, and an integer number, denoted N, of columns.
  • M integer number
  • N integer number
  • any other types of antennas and/or antenna arrays may be used.
  • antennas 107 and/or antennas 147 may be connected to, and/or associated with, one or more Radio Frequency (RF) chains.
  • device 102 may include a controller 124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154.
  • Controller 124 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices; and/or controller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices, e.g., as described below.
  • controllers 124 and/or 154 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • MAC Media-Access Control
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • BB baseband
  • AP Application Processor
  • controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented
  • controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.
  • a wireless device e.g., device 102
  • a wireless station e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102
  • controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.
  • device 102 may include a message processor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one or messages communicated by device 102.
  • message processor 128 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or message processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • device 140 may include a message processor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one or messages communicated by device 140.
  • message processor 158 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or message processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • message processors 128 and/or 158 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media- Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • At least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144.
  • message processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller 154.
  • the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.
  • controller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).
  • SoC System on Chip
  • the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 114.
  • the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of message processor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114.
  • controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.
  • controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 102.
  • controller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).
  • SoC System on Chip
  • the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 144.
  • the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144.
  • controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.
  • controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 140.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more STAs.
  • device 102 may include at least one STA
  • device 140 may include at least one STA.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more DMG STAs.
  • device 102 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, at least one DMG STA
  • device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, at least one DMG STA.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, any other wireless device and/or station, e.g., a WLAN STA, a WiFi STA, and the like.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, an access point (AP), e.g., a DMG AP, and/or a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), e.g., a DMG PCP, for example, an AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG AP/PCP STA.
  • AP access point
  • PBSS personal basic service set
  • PCP personal basic service set
  • AP/PCP STA e.g., a DMG AP/PCP STA.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, a non-AP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP STA, and/or a non-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA, for example, a non- AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non- AP/PCP STA.
  • a non-AP STA e.g., a DMG non-AP STA
  • a non-PCP STA e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA
  • a non-AP/PCP STA e.g., a DMG non- AP/PCP STA.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, any other additional or alternative device and/or station.
  • a station may include a logical entity that is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM).
  • the STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • an AP may include an entity that contains a station (STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, via the wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs.
  • STA station
  • WM wireless medium
  • the AP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point may include an entity that contains a STA, e.g., one station (STA), and coordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are members of a PBSS.
  • STA station
  • WM wireless medium
  • the PCP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a PBSS may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) basic service set (BSS) that includes, for example, one PBSS control point (PCP).
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • BSS basic service set
  • PCP PBSS control point
  • DS distribution system
  • a PCP/AP STA may include a station (STA) that is at least one of a PCP or an AP. The PCP/AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a non-AP STA may include a STA that is not contained within an AP.
  • the non-AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a non-PCP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP.
  • the non-PCP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a non PCP/AP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP and that is not an AP.
  • the non-PCP/AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an Enhanced DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network.
  • NG60 Next Generation 60 GHz
  • EDMG Enhanced DMG
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may perform Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks, e.g., over an NG60 or an EDMG frequency band.
  • MIMO Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more Specifications, for example, including one or more IEEE 802.11 Specifications, e.g., an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification, an IEEE 802. Hay Specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • IEEE 802.11 Specifications e.g., an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification, an IEEE 802. Hay Specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, as part of a new standard in an mmWave band, e.g., a 60GHz frequency band or any other directional band, for example, as an evolution of an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification and/or an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured according to one or more standards, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard, which may be, for example, configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, which may be configured to provide Wi-Fi connectivity in a 60 GHz band.
  • IEEE 802.1 lay Standard which may be, for example, configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, which may be configured to provide Wi-Fi connectivity in a 60 GHz band.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may enable, for example, to significantly increase the data transmission rates defined in the IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, for example, from 7 Gigabit per second (Gbps), e.g., up to 30 Gbps, or to any other data rate, which may, for example, satisfy growing demand in network capacity for new coming applications.
  • Gbps Gigabit per second
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, to allow increasing a transmission data rate, for example, by applying MIMO and/or channel bonding techniques.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate MIMO communications over the mmWave wireless communication band.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to support one or more mechanisms and/or features, for example, channel bonding, Single User (SU) MIMO, and/or Multi-User (MU) MIMO, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard and/or any other standard and/or protocol.
  • SU Single User
  • MU Multi-User
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, one or more EDMG ST As.
  • device 102 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA
  • device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may implement a communication scheme, which may include Physical layer (PHY) and/or Media Access Control (MAC) layer schemes, for example, to support one or more applications, and/or increased transmission data rates, e.g., data rates of up to 30 Gbps, or any other data rate.
  • PHY Physical layer
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • the PHY and/or MAC layer schemes may be configured to support frequency channel bonding over a mmWave band, e.g., over a 60 GHz band, SU MIMO techniques, and/or MU MIMO techniques.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may be configured to enable SU and/or MU communication of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplink frames (UL) using a MIMO scheme.
  • DL Downlink
  • UL Uplink frames
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more MU communication mechanisms.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more MU mechanisms, which may be configured to enable MU communication of DL frames using a MIMO scheme, for example, between a device, e.g., device 102, and a plurality of devices, e.g., including device 140 and/or one or more other devices.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and/or any other network and/or any other frequency band.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate DL MIMO transmissions and/or UL MIMO transmissions, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks.
  • Some wireless communication Specifications may be configured to support a SU system, in which a STA may transmit frames to a single STA at a time. Such Specifications may not be able, for example, to support a STA transmitting to multiple STAs simultaneously, for example, using a MU- MIMO scheme, e.g., a DL MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.
  • a MU- MIMO scheme e.g., a DL MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a channel bandwidth, e.g., of at least 2.16GHz, in a frequency band above 45GHz.
  • a channel bandwidth e.g., of at least 2.16GHz
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may, for example, enable to extend a single- channel BW scheme, e.g., a scheme in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lad Specification or any other scheme, for higher data rates and/or increased capabilities, e.g., as described below.
  • a single- channel BW scheme e.g., a scheme in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lad Specification or any other scheme, for higher data rates and/or increased capabilities, e.g., as described below.
  • the single-channel BW scheme may include communication over a 2.16 GHz channel (also referred to as a "single-channel” or a "DMG channel”).
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support communication over a channel BW (also referred to as a "wide channel", an "EDMG channel”, or a "bonded channel") including two or more channels, e.g., two or more 2.16 GHz channels, e.g., as described below .
  • a channel BW also referred to as a "wide channel", an "EDMG channel”, or a "bonded channel
  • channels e.g., two or more 2.16 GHz channels, e.g., as described below .
  • the channel bonding mechanisms may include, for example, a mechanism and/or an operation whereby two or more channels, e.g., 2.16 GHz channels, can be combined, e.g., for a higher bandwidth of packet transmission, for example, to enable achieving higher data rates, e.g., when compared to transmissions over a single channel.
  • channels e.g., 2.16 GHz channels
  • Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to communication over a channel BW including two or more 2.16 GHz channels, however other embodiments may be implemented with respect to communications over a channel bandwidth, e.g., a "wide" channel, including or formed by any other number of two or more channels, for example, an aggregated channel including an aggregation of two or more channels.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., as described below.
  • channel bonding mechanisms may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., as described below.
  • wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, a WiFi network.
  • wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, an EDMG network.
  • wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may include an EDMG STA.
  • wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, and/or communicate as part of, any other additional or alternative network.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive a Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) having a PPDU format (also referred to as "EDMG PPDU format”), which may be configured, for example, for communication between EDMG stations, e.g., as described below.
  • PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • EDMG PPDU format also referred to as "EDMG PPDU format
  • a PPDU may include at least one non-EDMG fields, e.g., a legacy field, which may be identified, decodable, and/or processed by one or more devices ("non-EDMG devices", or “legacy devices"), which may not support one or more features and/or mechanisms ("non-legacy" mechanisms or "EDMG mechanisms").
  • the legacy devices may include non-EDMG stations, which may be, for example, configured according to an IEEE 802.11-2016 Standard, and the like.
  • a non-EDMG station may include a DMG station, which is not an EDMG station.
  • a PPDU may include a non-EDMG header (L-header) field, e.g., a legacy header field, which may carry non-EDMG, e.g., legacy, header information, for example, according to a legacy Specification, e.g., an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, and/or any other information.
  • L-header non-EDMG header
  • legacy header field which may carry non-EDMG, e.g., legacy, header information, for example, according to a legacy Specification, e.g., an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, and/or any other information.
  • the PPDU may include at least one EDMG header field, for example, at least a Header- A field, e.g., an EDMG-Header-A field and, optionally an EDMG Header-B field, which may be configured to carry EDMG information, for example, information required to interpret EDMG PPDUs, and/or any other information.
  • a Header- A field e.g., an EDMG-Header-A field
  • EDMG Header-B field which may be configured to carry EDMG information, for example, information required to interpret EDMG PPDUs, and/or any other information.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive a PPDU, e.g., an EDMG PPDU, which may be configured to address a technical problem of allowing backward compatibility and/or coexistence, for example, of non-EDMG stations, for example, DMG stations, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802. Had Specification, and EDMG stations, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Specification, and/or any other type of stations according to any other Specification and/or protocol, e.g., as described below.
  • a PPDU e.g., an EDMG PPDU
  • non-EDMG stations for example, DMG stations, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802. Had Specification
  • EDMG stations e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Specification
  • any other type of stations according to any other Specification and/or protocol, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive a PPDU, e.g., an EDMG PPDU, which may be configured to indicate in the L-Header of the EDMG PPDU a total length and/or time duration of the EDMG PPDU, for example, to allow non-EDMG stations, e.g., DMG stations, to determine a packet duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., even though the non- EDMG stations may not be able to decode one or more other portions of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., a payload of the PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • allowing the non-EDMG stations e.g., DMG stations, to determine the packet duration of the EDMG PPDU, for example, based on the L- header, may address a technical problem of allowing the non-EDMG stations to back off their transmissions, e.g., based on the packet duration indicated by the L-header, for example, to avoid creation of interference to communication of the PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • a station for example, an EDMG station, e.g., device 102, may be configured to "spoof a duration of a transmitted EDMG PPDU, e.g., a Single-Carrier (SC) PPDU or any other PPDU, for non-EDMG stations, for example, DMG stations, which may receive the PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • a transmitted EDMG PPDU e.g., a Single-Carrier (SC) PPDU or any other PPDU
  • SC Single-Carrier
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more operations, for example, according to an algorithm ("L-header determination algorithm” or "spoofing algorithm”), which may be configured to allow EDMG stations to calculate suitable parameter values to be transmitted in a non-EDMG header of an EDMG PPDU, for example, an L-Header of the EDMG PPDU, for example, an L-header of EDMG single-carrier PPDUs, e.g., as described below.
  • an algorithm (“L-header determination algorithm” or "spoofing algorithm”
  • spoke algorithm may be configured to allow EDMG stations to calculate suitable parameter values to be transmitted in a non-EDMG header of an EDMG PPDU, for example, an L-Header of the EDMG PPDU, for example, an L-header of EDMG single-carrier PPDUs, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to determine, set and/or generate one or more parameter values of the L-Header of the EDMG PPDU, for example, to allow non-EDMG stations, e.g., DMG stations, which may receive the PPDU, to back off their own transmissions by an appropriate period of time, for example, as to not cause interference, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive an EDMG PPDU, which may be configured to have a structure, which may be different from a structure of a non-EDMG PPDU.
  • the EDMG PPDU may include one or more fields in addition to, and/or instead of, one or more fields of the non-EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a non-EDMG PPDU 200, e.g., a DMG PPDU, and a EDMG PPDU 210, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • EDMG PPDU 210 may include or more fields in addition to, and/or one or more fields instead of, one or more fields of the non-EDMG PPDU 200, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 (Fig. 1) and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may generate, transmit, receive and/or process PPDU 200, for example, as part of a transmission over a channel, e.g., an EDMG channel, having a channel bandwidth including one or more 2.16GHz channels, for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.478GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz, and/or any other channel BW, e.g., as described below.
  • a channel e.g., an EDMG channel
  • a channel bandwidth including one or more 2.16GHz channels for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.478GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz, and/or any other channel BW, e.g., as described below.
  • the EDMG PPDU 210 may have a single- carrier mode frame (PPDU) format, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Specification or any other Specification, which may be implemented, for example, for EDMG stations, e.g., operating in the license-exempt bands above 45 GHz, and/or any other type of stations.
  • PPDU single- carrier mode frame
  • the non-EDMG PPDU 200 may have a single- carrier mode frame (PPDU) format, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 ad Specification, which may be implemented by non-EDMG stations, e.g., DMG stations, and/or any other type of non-EDMG stations.
  • PPDU single- carrier mode frame
  • the non-EDMG PPDU 200 and/or the EDMG PPDU 210 may have any other structure, may include some or all of the fields of Fig. 2, and/or may include one or more additional or alternative fields.
  • non-EDMG PPDU 200 may include a non-EDMG, e.g., a DMG, preamble 217, e.g., including a Short Training Field (STF) and a Channel Estimation Field (CEF), and a header field 227.
  • a non-EDMG e.g., a DMG
  • preamble 217 e.g., including a Short Training Field (STF) and a Channel Estimation Field (CEF)
  • CEF Channel Estimation Field
  • non-EDMG PPDU 200 may include a data field 223 following the header 227, and a Training (TRN) field 225 following the data field 223.
  • TRN Training
  • EDMG PPDU 210 may include a non-EDMG portion 207 ("legacy portion"), e.g., as described below.
  • non-EDMG portion 207 may include a non-EDMG (legacy) STF (L-STF) 214, a non-EDMG (Legacy) CEF (L-CEF) 216, and/or a non-EDMG header (L-header) 205.
  • L-STF 214, L-CEF 216 and/or L-header 205 may be configured in compliance with the respective STF, CEF and header fields of non-EDMG PPDU 200.
  • L-STF 214 and L-CEF 216 may be included as part of a non-EDMG preamble 215.
  • EDMG PPDU 210 may include an EDMG portion 208, for example, following non-EDMG portion 207, e.g., as described below.
  • EDMG portion 208 may include a first EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-A 206, an EDMG-STF 211, an EDMG-CEF 213, a second EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-B 219, a Data field 212, and/or one or more beamforming training fields, e.g., a TRN field 235.
  • a first EDMG header e.g., an EDMG-Header-A 206, an EDMG-STF 211, an EDMG-CEF 213, a second EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-B 219, a Data field 212, and/or one or more beamforming training fields, e.g., a TRN field 235.
  • EDMG portion 208 may include some or all of the fields shown in Fig. 2 and/or one or more other additional or alternative fields.
  • L-Header field 205 may be configured to indicate a total length and/or time duration of EDMG PPDU 210, for example, to enable non-EDMG stations to know the total length and/or time duration of EDMG PPDU 210 and, for example, back off their transmissions, e.g., to avoid creation of harmful interference.
  • non-EDMG stations e.g., DMG stations
  • non-EDMG stations e.g., DMG stations
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive an EDMG PPDU, e.g., an EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), which may be configured to include in a non-EDMG header of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2), one or more values to indicate a duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • an EDMG PPDU e.g., an EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2)
  • a non-EDMG header of the EDMG PPDU e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2)
  • one or more values to indicate a duration of the EDMG PPDU e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive an EDMG PPDU, e.g., EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), which may be configured to include in the L-header of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2), one or more values, which may be configured to indicate the duration of the EDMG PPDU.
  • an EDMG PPDU e.g., EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2)
  • L-header 205 e.g., L-header 205
  • the L-header e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2)
  • the L-header may include one or more values, e.g., three values, to indicate durations of one or more fields, for example, two different PPDU fields, e.g., data field 212 (Fig. 2) and training field 235 (Fig. 2), which may consequently indicate the total duration of the PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • the L-header e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2)
  • the L-header e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2)
  • Length may indicate a number of data octets in a Physical Layer (PHY) Service Data Unit (PSDU) of a non-EDMG PPDU, e.g., data field 223 (Fig. 2).
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • PSDU Service Data Unit
  • a range of values for the length value may include values between 1 - 262143.
  • the range of values for the length value may include any other range.
  • the L-header e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2), may include a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, for example, in compliance with an MCS defined in Table 20- 19 of an IEEE 802. Had Specification.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • the MCSs defined in the IEEE 802.1 lad Specification may include a modulation scheme of four modulation schemes, e.g., a Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK), a Quadrature amplitude modulation(QPSK), a 16 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (16-QAM), and a 64-QAM.
  • BPSK Binary Phase-Shift Keying
  • QPSK Quadrature amplitude modulation
  • 16-QAM 16 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • 64-QAM 64-QAM.
  • any additional or alternative MCS values and/or schemes may be implemented.
  • the L-header e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2), may include a training length value, denoted NTR N , which may indicate a length of a training field in a non-EDMG PPDU, e.g., e.g., TRN field 225 (Fig. 2).
  • a range of values for the training length value may include values between 0 - 16.
  • the range of values for the training length value may include any other range.
  • any other additional or alternative values and/or fields may be set to indicate a duration of the PPDU.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to calculate, determine, define, and/or set one or more values in the non-EDMG header, e.g., the L-header, of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2), for example, to indicate a duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • the non-EDMG header e.g., the L-header
  • L-header 205 e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2)
  • device 102 may generate and transmit an EDMG PPDU, e.g., EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), with a non-EDMG header, e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2), including in the one or more values, which may be determined by device 102 to indicate a spoofed length corresponding to a length of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • EDMG PPDU e.g., EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2)
  • a non-EDMG header e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2)
  • device 140 may be configured to receive and process the EDMG PPDU from device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to determine one or more values of a non-EDMG header in an EDMG PPDU, e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2), for example, based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • a non-EDMG header in an EDMG PPDU e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2)
  • a duration of the EDMG PPDU e.g., as described below.
  • the EDMG PPDU may include a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • the one or more values of the L-header may include at least a length value, e.g., the length value Length, to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, e.g., as described below.
  • the spoofing error may include a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • the calculated PPDU duration may be based, for example, on the L-header, e.g., as described below.
  • the calculated PPDU duration may be based, for example, at least on the length value in the L-header, e.g., as described below.
  • the length value may be between 1 and 262143. In other embodiments, the length value may include a value in any other range of values.
  • the spoofing error may be between 0 and 512*Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time, e.g., as described below.
  • the calculated PPDU duration may be based, for example, on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU, for example, non-EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2), e.g., as described below.
  • TxTime transmit time
  • the predefined DMG TxTime calculation may be based, for example, on a number of blocks and a chip time, for example, the chip time Tc, e.g., as described below.
  • the number of blocks may be based, for example, on the length value, e.g., as described below.
  • the length value may represent, for example, a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • the one or more values of the L-header may include an MCS value, e.g., as described below.
  • the calculated PPDU duration may be based, for example, on the MCS value, e.g., as described below.
  • the one or more values of the L-header may include a Training Length (NTRN) value, e.g., as described below.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • the calculated PPDU duration may be based, for example, on the NTR N value, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to determine a spoofed number of blocks, for example, based on the duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device to determine a spoofed number of codewords, for example, based on the spoofed number of blocks, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to and to determine the length value to be included in the L- header, for example, based on the spoofed number of codewords, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or transmitter 118 to transmit the EDMG PPDU including the L-header over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 GHz, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or transmitter 118 to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or transmitter 118 to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • the EDMG PPDU may include at least an EDMG header, e.g., EDMG header-A field 206 (Fig. 2), after the L-header, e.g., as described above.
  • the EDMG Header may include an indication of the duration of the EDMG PPDU.
  • EDMG header-A field 206 (Fig. 2) may include an indication of the actual duration of EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2).
  • device 140 may receive the EDMG PPDU including the L-header from device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 154 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 and/or receiver 146 to receive the L-header and the EDMG header of the EDMG PPDU over the channel bandwidth in the frequency band above 45 GHz.
  • controller 154 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 and/or receiver 146 to receive the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • controller 154 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 and/or receiver 146 to receive the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • controller 154 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 to process the EDMG PPDU, for example, based on one or more fields in the EDMG header, e.g., EDMG Header-A 206 (Fig. 2).
  • controller 154 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 to determine the duration of the EDMG PPDU based on the EDMG header of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., EDMG Header-A 206 (Fig. 2).
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to calculate, determine, define, and/or set one or more values of the L-header of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., L-Header 205 (Fig. 2) of EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), for example, based on a total duration (TxTIME) of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform one or more operations of a process ("spoofing process") to define one or more values to be transmitted in an L-Header of an EDMG PPDU, e.g., one or more values of L- header 205 (Fig. 2), for example, values for the Length value, the MCS value, and/or the NTR N value, for example, based on the total duration TxTIME of the EDMG PPDU, for example, to allow a DMG station to determine a duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • spoke process to define one or more values to be transmitted in an L-Header of an EDMG PPDU, e.g., one or more values of L- header 205 (Fig. 2), for example, values for the Length value, the MCS value, and/or the NTR N value, for example, based on the total duration TxTIME of the EDMG PPDU, for example, to
  • Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with reference to a spoofing algorithm for EDMG single-carrier PPDUs.
  • one or more operations of the spoofing algorithm may be implemented to configure values of a non-EDMG header of any other EDMG PPDU.
  • values of the L-header of the EDMG PPDU may be determined, for example, in compliance with a definition of a duration to be determined according to the L-header, e.g., as may be determined by non-EDMG stations.
  • a duration of a DMG single-carrier (SC) PPDU may be determined, for example, in compliance with an IEEE 802.11 legacy Specification, e.g., as follows:
  • T pre amUe denotes a duration of a preamble of the DMG SC PPDU, e.g., L-STF 218 (Fig. 2) and/or L-CEF 216 (Fig. 2) of preamble 215 (Fig. 2), which may be equal to 3328T C , or any other value,
  • Theader denotes a duration of the Header field, e.g., L-Header 205 (Fig. 2), which may be equal to 1024T C , or any other value,
  • TTRN denotes a duration of an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) field and/or TRN field per training length field unit, which may be equal to 49927 , c , or any other value.
  • AGC Automatic Gain Control
  • TD MO denotes a time duration of the data field, which may be, for example, equal to:
  • NBLKS denotes a number of symbol blocks
  • New denotes a total number of LDPC codewords in the PPDU, e.g., which may be determined, e.g., as follows:
  • Lew denotes an LDPC codeword length
  • NCBPB denotes a number of coded bits per symbol block
  • R denotes a code rate
  • p denotes a repetition factor, e.g., 1 or 2 or any other factor.
  • the TxTIME may increase, e.g., linearly, with the number of blocks NBLKS, for example, in steps of 5127c.
  • the number of blocks NBLKS may be determined, for example, based on the Length and the MCS values used, e.g., as follows:
  • NBLKS may increase in steps of 1 with an increase in Length
  • PPDUs may be generated with a TxTIME, for example, with a resolution of (or maximal spoofing error of) 512Tc ( ⁇ 291 nanoseconds (ns)), for example, even by only varying the number of blocks, e.g., Length.
  • a maximum spoofing error of 512Tc ( ⁇ 291ns) may be guaranteed, for example, by selecting an appropriate value for the Length in the L-header.
  • Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a graph 300 depicting a spoofing error as a function of a transmit time (TxTime), in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • a spoofing error may be obtained, for example, when using an MCS value that uses QPSK, 16-QAM, or 64-QAM, for PPDUs with TxTIME in the range (0.5ms, 0.502ms), e.g., after selecting an appropriate value for Length.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to determine a length value of the Length parameter and/or the value of the MCS parameter to be included in the L-header of an EDMG PPDU, e.g., the L-header 205 (Fig. 2) of an EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), for example, based on a duration, e.g., the TxTIME, of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described below.
  • a duration e.g., the TxTIME
  • an appropriate value of the Length value to be used for spoofing a duration of a EDMG PPDU may be determined, for example, by selecting a value of Length and a value of MCS, for example, which may result in a PPDU duration that is either equal to, or greater than, the TxTIME of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., by no more than 512Tc ( ⁇ 291ns).
  • the value of Length and/or the value of MCS to be used for the L-header may be determined, for example, based on one or more operations of an algorithm, e.g., a spoofing algorithm, which may be based, for example, on inverting the Equations 2 and/or 3, e.g., as described below.
  • an algorithm e.g., a spoofing algorithm, which may be based, for example, on inverting the Equations 2 and/or 3, e.g., as described below.
  • the spoofing algorithm may include operations of a first algorithm or a second algorithm, e.g., as described below.
  • the spoofing algorithm may include some or all of the operations of the first and/or second algorithms, may include any additional and/or alternative operations, and/or may be implemented by any other algorithm.
  • the value of Length and/or the value of MCS to be used for the L-header may be determined, for example, based on one or more operations, e.g., as described below.
  • a number of symbol blocks denoted N sp0 of BLK S , may be determined, and, as a result, a data field duration may be determined, for example, such that the spoofed TxTIME value is equal to or greater than an EDMG PPDU duration, e.g., and within 512Tc of the EDMG PPDU duration, e.g., as follows:
  • a number of codewords, denoted N sp0 of cw to be used for spoofing, may be determined, e.g., as follows:
  • a value of the Length to be transmitted in the L-Header to spoof the EDMG PPDU duration may be determined, e.g., as follows:
  • EDMG PPDU durations e.g., in which a corresponding QPSK, 16-QAM, or 64-QAM DMG PPDU with the same approximate duration exists, e.g., with an error between 0 and 512Tc
  • one of the possible MCS values may be selected, and an appropriate value of Length to use in the L-header may be obtained, for example, according to Equation 6.
  • NTRN may be set to zero.
  • a QPSK, 16-QAM, or 64-QAM modulation may support a limited DMG PPDU duration.
  • a maximal DMG PPDU duration e.g., of approximately 1.36 ms, may be possible when using QPSK, 16-QAM, or 64-QAM modulations, and may be obtained with an MCS 6.
  • a longer PPDU duration may be obtained with another modulation type.
  • a maximal DMG PPDU duration of 2 milliseconds (ms) may be obtained.
  • an MCS allowing a longer PPDU may be used for the L-header, for example, when spoofing long EDMG PPDUs, e.g., with duration greater than 1.36 ms.
  • a TxTIME determined for a BPSK MCS may increase, for example, in steps of either 512Tc or 10247c- Accordingly, a maximal spoofing error of the TxTIME may also alternate between 512Tc or 10247c-
  • FIG. Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a graph 400 depicting a spoofing error as a function of TxTime, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • the spoofing error obtained when using an MCS value that uses BPSK, for example, for PPDUs with TxTIME in the range ( ⁇ 1.401ms, 1.403ms), e.g., after selecting an appropriate value for Length, may be based on 512Tc or 10247c.
  • a spoofing error for an EDMG PPDU e.g., EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), for example, having a duration longer than 1.36 ms, may be maintained at level of 512Tc, for example, by using a value of NTR N >0, e.g., as described below.
  • a duration of the training field for one NTR N unit may be, for example, equal to 4992Tc, which is an integer multiple of the data field "resolution" (512T C ).
  • one or more operations of a second algorithm may be performed, for example, if the spoofing error, e.g., after performing Algorithm 1, with a BPSK MCS is greater than 512Tc, e.g., as described below.
  • the value of Length, the value of MCS, and/or the value of NTR N to be used for the L-header of the EDMG PPDU may be determined, for example, based on one or more operations, e.g., as described below.
  • a net impact of this operation may be to reduce the spoofed TxTIME, for example, by 368T C and, consequently, to keep the spoofing error to
  • a net impact of this operation may be to reduce the spoofed TxTIME, for example, by 768T C and, consequently, to keep the spoofing error to 512T C .
  • the above values provide an example of how the procedure of using BPSK MCSs and adding a training field could be used to reduce the spoofing error, for example, to at least 512Tc or to any other value.
  • NTR N and/or symbol blocks may be used.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a graph 500 depicting a spoofing error as a function of TxTime, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • a reduced spoofing error may be obtained, for example, when using an MCS value that uses BPSK, for example, by setting a value NTR N > in the L-header, for example, for PPDUs with TxTIME in the range ( ⁇ 1.401ms, 1.403ms), e.g., after selecting an appropriate value for Length.
  • the spoofing error shown in Fig. 5 provide an example of the reduced spoofing error obtained based on Algorithm 2, for example, for the same TxTIME range, e.g. between ⁇ 1.401ms and 1.403ms, of graph 400 (Fig. 4).
  • the spoofing error shown in Fig. 5 provide an example of the reduced spoofing error obtained based on Algorithm 2, for example, for the same TxTIME range, e.g. between ⁇ 1.401ms and 1.403ms, of graph 400 (Fig. 4).
  • one or more first MCS values may be used with respect to a first duration of an EDMG PPDU, e.g., for "short" EDMG PPDUs, and/or one or more second MCS values may be used with respect to a second duration of an EDMG PPDU, e.g., for "long” EDMG PPDUs, as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to set an MCS value in an L-header of an EDMG PPDU, e.g., L-header 205 (Fig. 2) of EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), to an MCS 6, for example, for "short” EDMG PPDU durations, and/or to set the MCS value to MCS 1, 2, or 3, for example, for "long” EDMG PPDU durations.
  • any other MCS may be used and/or any other criterion may be used to select the MCS.
  • using an MCS-6 may be advantageous over other QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM MCSs, in some use cases and/or implementations, for example, since an MCS-6 may provide a longest maximum DMG PPDU duration, which is equal to 1.36 ms.
  • a different MCS value may result in a "switch" to a BPSK MCS for a shorter TxTIME value.
  • Using the BPSK MCS may be disadvantageous in some cases, for example, as the spoofing with the BPSK MCS may be more complex and/or may use the training field.
  • a longest DMG PPDU duration obtained with an MCS-7 may be 1.09ms. In other embodiments, any other MCS values different from MCS 6 may be used.
  • the MCSs 1, 2, and/or 3 may be the only MCSs, e.g., among BPSK MCSs, which may result in DMG PPDUs with a duration of even up to 2 ms, which is a longest EDMG PPDU possible.
  • MCS 4 or 5 may support spoofing for only part of the complete PPDU range.
  • MCS 4 or 5 or any other MCS may be used.
  • one or more operations of the spoofing procedure described herein may be used with any other MCS values, e.g., in addition to or instead of using the MCS 6 for "short" PPDUs, and/or the MCS 1/2/3 for "long” PPDUs. In other embodiments, more than two MCS values may be used.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to determine, process and/or set one or more values of the non-EDMG header of an EDMG PPDU, e.g., the L-Header 205 (Fig. 2) of an EMDG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), for example, the MCS, Length and/or NTRN, for example, based on a maximum spoofing error of 512T C , e.g., as described above.
  • any other spoofing error may be used and/or any other additional or alternative criterion may be used.
  • NTRN by selecting an appropriate value for NTRN, it is possible to reduce the spoofing error value, for example, to at least 256T C or any other lower or higher value, for example, even for both "long" and "short” EDMG PPDUs.
  • a value of NTRN may be set in the L-header to be greater than 0, e.g., which corresponds to adding a training field, for the "short” PPDU case as well, for example, based on one or more operations of Algorithm 2 described above for the "long" PPDU case.
  • one or more Least Significant Bits may be reserved.
  • the reserved LSBs of the Length field may not impact the spoofing procedure, for example, if appropriate MCS, Length, and/or NTR N values are used.
  • MCS Mobile Communications Service
  • Length Long Term Evolution
  • NTR N values e.g., NTR N values
  • multiple Length values may lead to a same number of blocks, for example, a valid Length value that may result in a given number of blocks may be found with an appropriate choice of the MCS value.
  • a station for example, an EDMG station, e.g., device 102, may be configured to generate and transmit an EDMG PPDU including an L- header, for example, an L-header 205 (Fig. 2) of an EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), e.g., as described above.
  • a station for example, an EDMG station, e.g., device 102, may be configured to determine, generate, define, calculate and/or set one or more values in the L-header, for example, based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described above.
  • a station for example, an EDMG station, e.g., device 102, may be configured to determine an MCS value, a Length value and/or a NTR N value to be included in the L-header, for example, based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described above.
  • a station for example, an EDMG station, e.g., device 140, may be configured to receive and process an EDMG PPDU including an L- header, for example, an L-header 205 (Fig. 2) of an EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2), for example, wherein one or more values in the L-header are based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., as described above.
  • Fig. 6 schematically illustrates a method of transmitting an EDMG PPDU, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • one or more of the operations of the method of Fig. 6 may be performed by one or more elements of a system, e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controller 124 (Fig. 1), and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radio 114 (Fig. 1), and/or radio 144 (Fig. 1); a transmitter, e.g., transmitter 118 (Fig.
  • a receiver e.g., receiver 116 (Fig. 1), and/or receiver 146 (Fig. 1); and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1), and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1).
  • the method may include determining one or more values of a non-EDMG header (L-header) based on a duration of an EDMG PPDU, the one or more values of the L-header including at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error including a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header.
  • controller 124 (Fig. 1) may be configured to control cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig.
  • the method may include transmitting the EDMG PPDU including the L-header over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 GHz.
  • controller 124 (Fig. 1) may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to transmit the EDMG PPDU including the L-header over the channel bandwidth in the frequency band above 45 GHz, e.g., as described above.
  • Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a method of processing a received EDMG PPDU, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • a system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controller 124 (Fig. 1), and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radio 114 (Fig. 1), and/or radio 144 (Fig. 1); a transmitter, e.g., transmitter 118 (Fig.
  • a receiver e.g., receiver 116 (Fig. 1), and/or receiver 146 (Fig. 1); and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1), and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1).
  • the method may include receiving a non-EDMG header (L-header) and an EDMG header of an EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 GHz.
  • L-header non-EDMG header
  • one or more values of the L-header may be based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, the one or more values of the L-header including at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error including a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L- header.
  • controller 154 Fig.
  • Fig. 1 may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to receive the L-header 205 (Fig. 2) and the EDMG header 206 (Fig. 2) of the EDMG PPDU 210 (Fig. 2) over the channel bandwidth in the frequency band above 45 GHz, and one or more values of the L-header may be based on the duration of the EDMG PPDU, for example, to result in the spoofing error, which is non- negative and less than one symbol block, e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include processing the EDMG PPDU based on one or more fields in the EDMG header.
  • controller 154 may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to process the EDMG PPDU based on the one or more fields in the EDMG header 206 (Fig. 2), e.g., as described above.
  • Product 800 may include one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media 802, which may include computer-executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 804, operable to, when executed by at least one processor, e.g., computer processor, enable the at least one processor to implement one or more operations at device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), radio 114 (Fig. 1), radio 144 (Fig. 1), transmitter 118 (Fig. 1), transmitter 148 (Fig. 1), receiver 116 (Fig. 1), receiver 146 (Fig. 1), controller 124 (Fig. 1), controller 154 (Fig.
  • Non-transitory machine-readable medium is directed to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal.
  • product 800 and/or storage media 802 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like.
  • storage media 802 may include, RAM, DRAM, Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR- DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory (e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppy disk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like.
  • RAM random access memory
  • DDR- DRAM Double-Data-Rate DRAM
  • SDRAM static RAM
  • ROM read-only memory
  • the computer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.
  • a communication link e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.
  • logic 804 may include instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or operations as described herein.
  • the machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.
  • logic 804 may include, or may be implemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words, values, symbols, and the like.
  • the instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • the instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform a certain function.
  • the instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.
  • Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA) to determine one or more values of a non-EDMG header (L-header) based on a duration of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the one or more values of the L-header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and transmit the EDMG PPDU comprising the L-header over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • DMG Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit
  • STA Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit
  • L-header non-EDMG header
  • PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 1 or 2, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512 *Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 5 includes the subject matter of Example 4, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 6 includes the subject matter of Example 4 or 5, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to determine a spoofed number of blocks based on the duration of the EDMG PPDU, to determine a spoofed number of codewords based on the spoofed number of blocks, and to determine the length value based on the spoofed number of codewords.
  • Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises at least an EDMG Header after the L- header.
  • Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 11, and optionally, wherein the EDMG Header comprises an indication of the duration of the EDMG PPDU.
  • Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, and optionally, comprising a radio.
  • Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, and optionally, comprising a memory and a processor.
  • Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-17, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas.
  • Example 19 includes a system of wireless communication comprising an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA), the EDMG STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the EDMG STA to determine one or more values of a non-EDMG header (L-header) based on a duration of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the one or more values of the L-header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non- negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and transmit the EDMG PPDU comprising the L-header over
  • DMG Enhanced
  • Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 19 or 20, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512 *Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-21 , and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 23 includes the subject matter of Example 22, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 24 includes the subject matter of Example 22 or 23, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-24, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-25, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-26, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to determine a spoofed number of blocks based on the duration of the EDMG PPDU, to determine a spoofed number of codewords based on the spoofed number of blocks, and to determine the length value based on the spoofed number of codewords.
  • Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-27, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-28, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises at least an EDMG Header after the L- header.
  • Example 30 includes the subject matter of Example 29, and optionally, wherein the EDMG Header comprises an indication of the duration of the EDMG PPDU.
  • Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-30, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-31 , and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 33 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-32, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 34 includes a method to be performed at an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA), the method comprising determining one or more values of a non-EDMG header (L-header) based on a duration of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the one or more values of the L-header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and transmitting the EDMG PPDU comprising the L-header over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • DMG Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit
  • STA Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit
  • Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 36 includes the subject matter of Example 34 or 35, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512*Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 37 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-36, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 39 includes the subject matter of Example 37 or 38, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-39, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-40, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-41, and optionally, comprising determining a spoofed number of blocks based on the duration of the EDMG PPDU, determining a spoofed number of codewords based on the spoofed number of blocks, and determining the length value based on the spoofed number of codewords.
  • Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-42, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-43, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises at least an EDMG Header after the L- header.
  • Example 45 includes the subject matter of Example 44, and optionally, wherein the EDMG Header comprises an indication of the duration of the EDMG PPDU.
  • Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-45, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-46, and optionally, comprising transmitting the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 48 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-47, and optionally, comprising transmitting the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 49 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA) to determine one or more values of a non-EDMG header (L-header) based on a duration of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the one or more values of the L-header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and transmit the EDMG PPDU comprising the L-header over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • DMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 49, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 51 includes the subject matter of Example 49 or 50, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512 *Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-51 , and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 53 includes the subject matter of Example 52, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 54 includes the subject matter of Example 52 or 53, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 55 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-54, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-55, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-56, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to determine a spoofed number of blocks based on the duration of the EDMG PPDU, to determine a spoofed number of codewords based on the spoofed number of blocks, and to determine the length value based on the spoofed number of codewords.
  • Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-57, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-58, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises at least an EDMG Header after the L- header.
  • Example 60 includes the subject matter of Example 59, and optionally, wherein the EDMG Header comprises an indication of the duration of the EDMG PPDU.
  • Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-60, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-61, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-62, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 64 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for determining one or more values of a non-EDMG header (L-header) based on a duration of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the one or more values of the L- header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and means for transmitting the EDMG PPDU comprising the L-header over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • DMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • STA Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 64, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 66 includes the subject matter of Example 64 or 65, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512*Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 67 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-66, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 68 includes the subject matter of Example 67, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 69 includes the subject matter of Example 67 or 68, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-69, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 71 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-70, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • Example 72 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-71 , and optionally, comprising means for determining a spoofed number of blocks based on the duration of the EDMG PPDU, determining a spoofed number of codewords based on the spoofed number of blocks, and determining the length value based on the spoofed number of codewords.
  • Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-72, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-73, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises at least an EDMG Header after the L- header.
  • Example 75 includes the subject matter of Example 74, and optionally, wherein the EDMG Header comprises an indication of the duration of the EDMG PPDU.
  • Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-75, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-76, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-77, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 79 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA) to receive a non-EDMG header (L-header) and an EDMG header of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), one or more values of the L-header are based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, the one or more values of the L-header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and process the EDMG PPDU based on one or more fields in the EDMG header.
  • DMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • STA Enhanced Directional Multi-
  • Example 80 includes the subject matter of Example 79, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 81 includes the subject matter of Example 79 or 80, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512 *Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 82 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-81 , and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 83 includes the subject matter of Example 82, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 82 or 83, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-84, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-85, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • Example 87 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-86, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to determine the duration of the EDMG PPDU based on the EDMG header.
  • Example 88 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-87, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 89 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-88, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-89, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to receive the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-90, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to receive the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-91, and optionally, comprising a radio.
  • Example 93 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-92, and optionally, comprising a memory and a processor.
  • Example 94 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-93, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas.
  • Example 95 includes a system of wireless communication comprising an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA), the EDMG STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the EDMG STA to receive a non-EDMG header (L-header) and an EDMG header of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), one or more values of the L-header are based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, the one or more values of the L-header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and process the EDMG EDMG ED
  • Example 96 includes the subject matter of Example 95, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 97 includes the subject matter of Example 95 or 96, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512 *Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 98 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-97, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 99 includes the subject matter of Example 98, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 100 includes the subject matter of Example 98 or 99, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 101 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-100, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 102 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-101 , and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • Example 103 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-102, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to determine the duration of the EDMG PPDU based on the EDMG header.
  • Example 104 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-103, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 105 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-104, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 106 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-105, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to receive the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 107 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-106, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to receive the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 108 includes a method to be performed at an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA), the method comprising receiving a non-EDMG header (L-header) and an EDMG header of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), one or more values of the L-header are based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, the one or more values of the L-header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and processing the EDMG PPDU based on one or more fields in the EDMG header.
  • DMG Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit
  • EDMG EDMG
  • Example 109 includes the subject matter of Example 108, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 110 includes the subject matter of Example 108 or 109, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512*Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 111 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-110, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 112 includes the subject matter of Example 111, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 113 includes the subject matter of Example 111 or 112, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 114 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-113, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 115 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-114, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • Example 116 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-115, and optionally, comprising determining the duration of the EDMG PPDU based on the EDMG header.
  • Example 117 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-116, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 118 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-117, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 119 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-118, and optionally, comprising receiving the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 120 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 108-119, and optionally, comprising receiving the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 121 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA) to receive a non-EDMG header (L- header) and an EDMG header of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), one or more values of the L-header are based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, the one or more values of the L- header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and process the EDMG PP
  • DMG
  • Example 122 includes the subject matter of Example 121, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 123 includes the subject matter of Example 121 or 122, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512*Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 124 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-123, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 125 includes the subject matter of Example 124, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 126 includes the subject matter of Example 124 or 125, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 127 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-126, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 128 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-127, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • Example 129 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-128, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to determine the duration of the EDMG PPDU based on the EDMG header.
  • Example 130 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-129, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 131 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-130, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • Example 132 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-131, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to receive the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 133 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-132, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to receive the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.
  • Example 134 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for receiving a non-EDMG header (L-header) and an EDMG header of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), one or more values of the L-header are based on a duration of the EDMG PPDU, the one or more values of the L-header comprising at least a length value to result in a spoofing error, which is non-negative and less than one symbol block, the spoofing error comprising a difference between a calculated PPDU duration and the duration of the EDMG PPDU, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the L-header; and means for processing the EDMG PPDU based on one or more fields in the EDMG header.
  • DMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • PPDU Physical Layer Protocol
  • Example 135 includes the subject matter of Example 134, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based at least on the length value.
  • Example 136 includes the subject matter of Example 134 or 135, and optionally, wherein the spoofing error is between 0 and 512*Tc, wherein Tc denotes a chip time.
  • Example 137 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 134-136, and optionally, wherein the calculated PPDU duration is based on a predefined DMG transmit time (TxTime) calculation corresponding to a DMG PPDU.
  • TxTime DMG transmit time
  • Example 138 includes the subject matter of Example 137, and optionally, wherein the predefined DMG TxTime calculation is based on a number of blocks and a chip time, the number of blocks is based on the length value.
  • Example 139 includes the subject matter of Example 137 or 138, and optionally, wherein, according to the predefined DMG TxTime calculation, the length value is to represent a number of data octets in the DMG PPDU.
  • Example 140 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 134-139, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the MCS value.
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • Example 141 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 134-140, and optionally, wherein the one or more values of the L-header comprise a Training Length (NTRN) value, the calculated PPDU duration is based on the NTRN value.
  • NTRN Training Length
  • Example 142 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 134-141, and optionally, comprising means for determining the duration of the EDMG PPDU based on the EDMG header.
  • Example 143 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 134-142, and optionally, wherein the length value is between 1 and 262143.
  • Example 144 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 134-143, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Single Carrier (SC) PPDU.
  • SC Single Carrier
  • Example 145 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 134-144, and optionally, comprising means for receiving the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • Example 146 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 134-145, and optionally, comprising means for receiving the EMDG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 4.32GHz.

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Abstract

Certains exemples de modes de réalisation de l'invention concernent des appareils, des systèmes et/ou des procédés de communication d'une unité de données de protocole de couche physique (PHY) (PPDU) multi-gigabit directionnelle (DMG) améliorée (EDMG) ayant une longueur usurpée. Un appareil peut comprendre, par exemple, une logique et un circuit configurés pour amener une station EDMG (STA) à déterminer une ou plusieurs valeurs d'un en-tête non EDMG (en-tête L) sur la base d'une durée d'une PPDU EDMG, l'une ou les plusieurs valeurs de l'en-tête L incluant au moins une valeur de longueur conduisant à une erreur d'usurpation, qui est non négative et inférieure à un bloc de symboles, l'erreur d'usurpation comprenant une différence entre une durée de PPDU calculée et la durée de la PPDU EDMG, la durée de PPDU calculée étant basée sur l'en-tête L ; et pour transmettre la PPDU EDMG contenant l'en-tête L sur une largeur de bande de canal dans une bande de fréquences au-dessus de 45 gigahertz (GHz).
PCT/US2017/039853 2017-01-12 2017-06-29 Appareil, système et procédé de communication d'une ppdu edmg ayant une longueur usurpée WO2018132127A1 (fr)

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