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WO2018129998A1 - 液晶显示器及其驱动方法 - Google Patents

液晶显示器及其驱动方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018129998A1
WO2018129998A1 PCT/CN2017/110661 CN2017110661W WO2018129998A1 WO 2018129998 A1 WO2018129998 A1 WO 2018129998A1 CN 2017110661 W CN2017110661 W CN 2017110661W WO 2018129998 A1 WO2018129998 A1 WO 2018129998A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
light
electrode
lens structure
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PCT/CN2017/110661
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛小辰
董学
陈小川
赵文卿
陈祯祐
王海燕
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US15/780,071 priority Critical patent/US11169421B2/en
Publication of WO2018129998A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018129998A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3607—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals for displaying colours or for displaying grey scales with a specific pixel layout, e.g. using sub-pixels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/294—Variable focal length devices

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of liquid crystal display technologies, and in particular, to a liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof.
  • the display principle of the existing liquid crystal display panel can be summarized as follows: natural light is converted into linearly polarized light by a polarizer under the array substrate, and an electric field is formed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage to the pixel electrode and the common electrode, and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer The rotation occurs under the action of the electric field, thereby changing the polarization state of the linearly polarized light, and the polarizer on the color filter substrate is further detected.
  • the polarization state can be controlled by controlling the magnitude of the electric field.
  • the difference in polarization states means that the transmittance of light emitted from the liquid crystal display panel is different, thereby realizing gray scale display of the image.
  • the upper and lower polarizers actually increase the thickness of the liquid crystal display device, and it is difficult to achieve a lighter and thinner purpose; in addition, the use of the polarizer loses at least 50% of the light energy, only It can improve the brightness of the liquid crystal display device by increasing the brightness of the backlight, which undoubtedly increases the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device, and it is difficult to achieve more energy saving.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof for reducing the use of a polarizer in a conventional liquid crystal display, thereby achieving the purpose of making the liquid crystal display device lighter and thinner and more energy-saving.
  • the liquid crystal display provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a backlight, a lower substrate located on the light-emitting side of the backlight, and an upper substrate disposed opposite to the lower substrate, located on the upper substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the lower substrates.
  • the backlight includes a plurality of light sources, and light emitted by each of the light sources is collimated into the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes: a first electrode and a second electrode between the lower substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the first electrode and the second electrode being alternately spaced apart from each other in the same layer; and each of the backlights
  • the light sources have a one-to-one corresponding light-shielding structure, and the light source of the backlight overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the lower substrate.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to receive different voltages while the liquid crystal display is operating to form an electric field such that liquid crystal molecules within the electric field region are deflected to form a convex lens structure.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a control unit for adjusting a voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode to adjust a curvature of the lens structure.
  • the greater the curvature of the lens structure the greater the angle of exit of the exiting light exiting the lens structure.
  • the greater the voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode the greater the curvature of the lens structure.
  • the center of the convex lens structure has a refractive index to the light of the backlight that is greater than the refractive index of the other portion of the lens structure to the backlight.
  • the liquid crystal display includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array, and each sub-pixel has a one-to-one correspondence with the lens structure, and the lens structure has a one-to-one correspondence with the light source of the backlight.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode are identical in structure and arranged in an array.
  • the distance between the first electrode and the adjacent second electrode is less than or equal to 3 um.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode are both strip electrodes.
  • a light blocking structure is between the upper substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes: a first alignment film between the lower substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and a second alignment film between the liquid crystal layer and the upper substrate.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a light color conversion layer, the light color conversion layer is located on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing the upper substrate, and is configured to correspond to each of the lens structures through the liquid crystal layer The light of the region is converted into monochromatic light; or the light color conversion layer is located on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing the lower substrate, for emitting the backlight and corresponding to each of the lens structures Light is converted to monochromatic light.
  • the light color conversion layer includes a light splitting film or a color filter film, wherein the converted light corresponding to the different lens structures includes at least three colors.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode are transparent electrodes.
  • the light source comprises a laser and the light blocking structure comprises a black matrix.
  • a further embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method of driving a liquid crystal display, the method being applicable to the liquid crystal display according to any of the preceding embodiments, the method may include:
  • the first electrode and the second electrode may control the liquid crystal molecules of the corresponding regions in the liquid crystal layer to deflect to form a convex lens structure during display; the control unit may adjust each A voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode to control the curvature of the formed lens structure. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid crystal layer forms a convex lens structure under the action of the voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the quasi-value light of the light-emitting side of the backlight is formed by the refraction of the lens structure.
  • the liquid crystal display provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure does not need to adopt an upper and lower polarizing plate to realize gray scale display, thereby reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal display and reducing the power consumption of the liquid crystal display, thereby realizing the purpose of lighter and thinner and more energy-saving of the liquid crystal display device. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 2(a) and 2(b) are respectively used to illustrate a lens structure in a structure of a liquid crystal display provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another lens structure in a structure of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a refractive index of a lens structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode and a second electrode according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7(a) and 7(b) are schematic structural views of a light shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 9(a) and 9(b) are schematic structural views of a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) are schematic structural views of a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof for reducing the use of a polarizer in a conventional liquid crystal display, thereby achieving the purpose of making the liquid crystal display device lighter and thinner and more energy-saving.
  • a liquid crystal display provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a backlight 01 , a lower substrate 02 located on the light exit side of the backlight 01 , and an upper substrate 03 opposite to the lower substrate 02 , located on the upper substrate 03 and
  • the liquid crystal layer 04 is disposed between the lower substrate 02, and the backlight 01 includes a plurality of light sources 011, and light emitted from each of the light sources 011 is collimated into the liquid crystal layer 04.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes: a first electrode 06 and a second electrode 07 between the lower substrate 02 and the liquid crystal layer 04, the first electrode 06 and the second electrode 07 are alternately and spaced apart from each other in the same layer; and with the backlight
  • Each light source 011 has a one-to-one corresponding light-shielding structure 08, and the light source 011 of the backlight and the light-shielding structure 08 overlap with the orthographic projection of the lower substrate.
  • the first electrode 06 and the second electrode 07 are configured to receive different voltages while the liquid crystal display is operating to form an electric field such that liquid crystal molecules within the electric field region are deflected to form a convex lens structure.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a control unit (not shown) for adjusting a voltage difference between the first electrode 06 and the second electrode 07 to adjust a lens formed by liquid crystal molecules in the electric field region The curvature of the structure.
  • the light source 011 includes but is not limited to The laser source, the light emitted by the laser source, can be considered substantially collimated.
  • the light source 011 may also include a combination of a light emitting device and an optical element to enable collimated light, and the present invention does not limit the specific form of the light source.
  • the voltage applied to the first electrode 06 and the second electrode 07 can control the liquid crystal molecules of the corresponding regions in the liquid crystal layer 04 to be deflected to form a convex lens structure; the control unit can adjust each of the first electrodes 06 and The voltage difference between the second electrodes 07 is to adjust the curvature of the formed lens structure.
  • the light-shielding structure in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, a black matrix, which may be disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the upper substrate, or between the liquid crystal layer and the lower substrate, and is not specifically limited herein.
  • a black matrix which may be disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the upper substrate, or between the liquid crystal layer and the lower substrate, and is not specifically limited herein.
  • An example in which the light shielding structure is disposed between the upper substrate 03 and the liquid crystal layer 04 is shown in FIG. 1, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the light-shielding structure in the embodiment of the present disclosure corresponds to the light source in the backlight, and is used to block the light emitted by the light source in the backlight to realize the all-black mode. .
  • the initial axis of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the upper substrate or the lower substrate, and there is no potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer No deflection occurs, and no lens structure is formed in the liquid crystal layer, and the light beam of the light source in the backlight is directly incident on the light shielding structure, thereby achieving the all black mode by the occlusion of the light shielding structure.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display are positive liquid crystals, in the initial state, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular to the upper substrate or the lower substrate, and the initial state of the liquid crystal display is the normally white mode.
  • a potential difference is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode such that the liquid crystal molecules are deflected, and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the horizontal electric field line between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the collimated light from the light source is incident on the light shielding structure by the refraction of the lens structure, thereby achieving the all black mode by the occlusion of the light shielding structure.
  • the electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode can control the liquid crystal molecules of the corresponding regions in the liquid crystal layer to deflect to form a convex lens structure;
  • the control unit can The voltage difference between each of the first and second electrodes is adjusted to control the curvature of the formed lens structure. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, under the action of the voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, the liquid crystal layer forms a convex lens structure, and the quasi-value light of the light-emitting side of the backlight is formed by the refraction of the lens structure. Perform different degrees of refraction to achieve gray scale display.
  • the liquid crystal display Since the light direction of the light source side of the backlight is uniform and belongs to the linearly polarized light, the light after the refraction of the convex lens structure It is polarized light. It can be seen that the liquid crystal display provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure does not need to adopt an upper and lower polarizing plate to realize gray scale display, thereby reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal display and reducing the power consumption of the liquid crystal display, so that the liquid crystal display device is more light and thin, and energy-saving.
  • Curvature is a measure of the degree of geometric unevenness, and the reciprocal of curvature is the radius of curvature.
  • the radius of curvature of the arc is the radius of the circle formed when the arc is part of a circle.
  • the convex lens structure refracts the incident collimated light.
  • gray scale display is achieved by utilizing the refraction of a convex lens structure in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the convex structure in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, a hemispherical shape, a multi-hemispherical shape, or a less hemispherical shape or a semi-elliptical structure, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the light shielding structure 08 is disposed between the upper substrate 03 and the liquid crystal layer 04, and the curvature of the convex lens structure shown in FIG. 2(a) is larger than that of the figure.
  • the curvature of the lens structure shown in 2(b), that is, the curved surface of the lens structure shown in Fig. 2(a) is more curved, and the curvature is larger.
  • the thicker the thickness of the formed lens structure in the thickness direction of the cartridge the greater the curvature, the greater the curvature of the lens structure, and the greater the refraction of light, so that the emitted light is dispersed and incident on the upper substrate.
  • the curvature of the lens structure as shown in Fig. 2(b) is small, and the smaller the refraction of light, the smaller the degree of dispersion of the emitted light is, and the smaller the area incident on the upper substrate.
  • Each lens structure corresponds to one sub-pixel for controlling the gray scale display of the sub-pixel, and the collimated light of the backlight is incident on the same brightness of each lens structure, and is incident on the upper substrate after being refracted by different lens structures.
  • the area of light may vary. After being refracted by the lens structure, the light may be incident on a sub-pixel corresponding to the lens, or may be incident on a sub-pixel adjacent to the sub-pixel corresponding to the lens, corresponding to the lens A gray scale is formed around the occlusion structure 08.
  • the smaller the exit angle of the outgoing light from the lens structure the smaller the area of the light incident on the upper substrate, the smaller the gray scale value of the corresponding sub-pixel of the lens structure, and conversely, the output from the lens structure.
  • the larger the exit angle of the light the larger the area of the light incident on the upper substrate, and the larger the gray scale value of the corresponding sub-pixel of the lens structure.
  • the curvature of the lens structure is formed by the electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, and therefore, the curvature of the lens structure is larger, meaning that the lens structure is applied.
  • the liquid crystal display includes a first electrode 06 and a second electrode 07. From left to right, the voltage difference between two adjacent electrodes of the four electrodes is sequentially V1, V2, and V3. And V1>V2>V3, the curvature of the lens structure is sequentially reduced.
  • the thicker the equivalent path length of each lens structure in the cell thickness direction of the liquid crystal display the greater the refractive index that refracts the light of the backlight.
  • the direction of the portion of the electric field line having the thickest thickness in the thickness direction is parallel to the upper substrate or the lower substrate, and the direction of the thinnest portion of the electric field lines in the thickness direction of the cell is perpendicular to the upper substrate or the substrate.
  • the lens portion having the thickest thickness in the thickness direction has the largest refractive index
  • the lens portion having the thinnest thickness in the thickness direction has the smallest refractive index
  • the lens portion between the thickest and thinnest in the thickness direction is thick.
  • the refractive index is between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index.
  • the refractive index of the partial lens having the thickest thickness in the thickness direction is ne
  • the refractive index of the thinnest part of the lens thickness direction is no
  • the refractive index of the lens of the transition region is neff
  • neff is located at ne and no. between.
  • the liquid crystal layer forms a convex lens structure under the action of the electric field, and the collimated light of the backlight is refracted to different degrees by the refractive index of the lens structure, so that the exit angles of the emitted light are different, thereby realizing different ash. Order display.
  • the polarization direction of any of the beams can be decomposed into light in two directions parallel to the horizontal direction and perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and
  • the lens structure of the convex structure formed between the one electrode and the second electrode has a refractive effect in either direction, and therefore, after being refracted by the lens structure, the emitted light is still polarized light, and it is not necessary to use the upper and lower polarizers to polarize the light.
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes a color film layer including a plurality of color film blocks 05 arranged in an array, and each color film block 05 and the lens structure One-to-one correspondence, the lens structure is in one-to-one correspondence with the light source 011 of the backlight.
  • the plurality of color film blocks arranged in the array are located on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display panel. Therefore, in this embodiment, each light source corresponds to one color film block, and each color film block corresponds to a convex lens structure.
  • the first electrode 06 and the second electrode 07 are identical in structure and arranged in an array. Specifically, the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in the same layer between the liquid crystal layer and the lower substrate, and the lens structure formed between the first electrode and the second electrode is in one-to-one correspondence with the sub-pixels, that is, each sub-pixel corresponds to one
  • the convex lens structure realizes gray scale display of each sub-pixel by controlling the curvature of the convex lens structure.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged in an array, and the first lens electrode and the second lens electrode have the same structure in order to make the lens structure formed between the first electrode and the second electrode orthographically project on the lower substrate.
  • Each of the first electrodes 06 and each of the adjacent four second electrodes 07 may generate an electric field, or each of the second electrodes 07 and each of the adjacent four first electrodes 06 An electrode can generate an electric field, and liquid crystal molecules in the electric field region form a convex lens structure.
  • first electrode and the second electrode are block-shaped structures, but the first electrode and the second electrode are not limited to a block structure, and the first electrode and the second shape of other shapes are used. Electrodes are also possible and are not specifically limited herein. Moreover, the shapes of the first electrode and the second lens electrode may be the same or different, and are not specifically limited herein.
  • the first electrode 06 and the second electrode 07 are strip electrodes.
  • the first electrode and the adjacent The distance between the second electrodes is less than or equal to 3 um.
  • the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is sufficiently small that the formed lens structure is sufficiently small that the formed lens structure has a good refractive effect.
  • the light shielding structure 08 is located between the upper substrate 03 and the liquid crystal layer 04.
  • the light-shielding structure 08 can also be disposed between the lower substrate 02 and the first electrode 06, which is not limited herein. Only one specific embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 1, but the present invention is not limited to the structure shown in FIG.
  • the shape of the light shielding structure 08 is a circular structure corresponding to the light source of the backlight, or the shape of the light shielding structure 08 as shown in FIG. 7( b ) is the backlight.
  • the light source of the source has a rectangular structure corresponding to one another. The present invention does not specifically limit this.
  • the liquid crystal display when the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display are negative liquid crystals, In the initial state, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the upper substrate or the lower substrate. In this case, a complicated Rubbing method is required to distribute the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 8, the liquid crystal display further includes a first alignment film 09 between the lower substrate and the liquid crystal layer 04, and a second alignment film 10 between the liquid crystal layer 04 and the upper substrate 03, wherein the second alignment film 10 may be disposed on the light shielding structure 08 and the liquid crystal Between layers 04.
  • the liquid crystal display of the structure does not need to be provided with the first alignment film and the second alignment film.
  • the functions of the first alignment film and the second alignment film in the embodiments of the present disclosure are the same, and the first alignment film and the second alignment film are only used to distinguish the positions of the film layers, and have no other meaning.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes: a light color conversion layer 11; wherein, as shown in FIG. 9(a), The light color conversion layer 11 is located on a side of the liquid crystal layer 04 facing the upper substrate 03 for converting light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer and corresponding to each lens structure into monochromatic light; wherein the light color conversion layer 11 can be set Between the light shielding structure 08 and the upper substrate 03, or between the light shielding structure 08 and the liquid crystal layer 04.
  • a light color conversion layer 11 is located on a side of the liquid crystal layer 04 facing the upper substrate 03 for converting light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer and corresponding to each lens structure into monochromatic light; wherein the light color conversion layer 11 can be set Between the light shielding structure 08 and the upper substrate 03, or between the light shielding structure 08 and the liquid crystal layer 04.
  • FIG. 9(a) and FIG. 9(b) the liquid crystal display further includes: a light color conversion layer 11; wherein, as shown in FIG. 9(a), The light color conversion layer 11 is located on a
  • the light color conversion layer 11 is located on a side of the liquid crystal layer 04 facing the lower substrate 02 for converting light emitted from the backlight and corresponding to each lens structure into a single Colored light; converted light corresponding to different lens structures includes at least three colors.
  • the light color replacement layer 11 is disposed between the first electrode 06 and the lower substrate 02, and the light color replacement layer 11 may be disposed between the liquid crystal layer 04 and the first electrode 06. The invention does not limit this.
  • the light shielding structure 08 in the liquid crystal display is disposed between the upper substrate 03 and the liquid crystal layer 04, and the liquid crystal display further includes a light shielding structure 08 and a liquid crystal layer 04.
  • the two alignment film 10 the first alignment film 09 disposed between the lower substrate 02 and the first electrode 06, and the light color replacement layer 11 disposed between the light shielding structure 08 and the upper substrate 03.
  • the liquid crystal display includes: a light shielding structure 08 disposed between the liquid crystal layer 04 and the upper substrate 03, and a first alignment film disposed between the lower substrate 02 and the liquid crystal layer 04.
  • 10(a) and 10(b) are merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and the position of the light color replacement layer 11 is not limited thereto, and may be disposed between any of the liquid crystal layer 04 and the upper substrate 03. Between the film layers, or between the lower substrate 02 and the liquid crystal layer 04 The present invention does not limit this between layers. In other embodiments, the light shielding structure 08 and the light color replacement layer 11 may also be disposed in the same layer.
  • the light of one color may correspond to one sub-pixel in the liquid crystal display.
  • one lens structure corresponds to at least one sub-pixel, and the liquid crystal display includes at least three colors.
  • Sub-pixels such as red sub-pixels, blue sub-pixels, and green sub-pixels of the three primary colors.
  • one lens structure corresponds to one sub-pixel, that is, the light color conversion layer converts light of a region corresponding to each lens structure into only one color.
  • the light color conversion layer 11 may include a light splitting film or a color filter film.
  • any of the electrodes is a transparent electrode. That is, each of the first electrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode, so as to avoid the shielding effect of the electrode on the light.
  • the material of the electrode may be a material such as indium tin oxide, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
  • a further embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a driving method for a liquid crystal display according to any of the foregoing embodiments, the method comprising: receiving an image signal to be displayed; The gray scale value to be displayed of each sub-pixel in the image signal is displayed, and the voltages supplied to the first electrode and the second electrode are controlled to control the curvature of the convex lens structure.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode can control the liquid crystal molecules of the corresponding regions in the liquid crystal layer to deflect to form a convex lens.
  • the control unit may adjust a voltage difference between each of the first electrode and the second electrode to control a curvature of the formed lens structure. Therefore, under the action of the voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, the liquid crystal layer forms a convex lens structure, and the quasi-valued light on the light-emitting side of the backlight is refracted to different degrees by the refraction of the lens structure. , to achieve gray scale display.
  • the liquid crystal display provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure does not need to adopt an upper and lower polarizing plate to realize gray scale display, thereby reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal display and reducing the power consumption of the liquid crystal display, thereby realizing the purpose of lighter and thinner and more energy-saving of the liquid crystal display device. .

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Abstract

一种液晶显示器及其驱动方法，液晶显示器包括背光源(01)、位于背光源(01)出光侧的下基板(02)，与下基板(02)相对设置的上基板(03)，位于上基板(03)与下基板(02)之间的液晶层(04)。背光源(01)包括多个光源(011)，每一光源(011)发出的光准直入射到液晶层(04)中。液晶显示器还包括位于下基板(02)和液晶层(04)之间的第一电极(06)和第二电极(07)，第一电极(06)和第二电极(07)彼此交替间隔地布置于同一层；以及与背光源(01)的每个光源(011)一一对应的遮光结构(08)，且背光源(01)的光源(011)与遮光结构(08)在下基板(02)的正投影重叠。第一电极(06)和第二电极(07)被配置成在液晶显示器运行时接收不同的电压以形成电场，使得电场区域内的液晶分子发生偏转形成凸状的透镜结构。

Description

液晶显示器及其驱动方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年1月13日向中国专利局提交的专利申请201710025919.X的优先权利益，并且在此通过引用的方式将该在先申请的内容并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及液晶显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种液晶显示器及其驱动方法。
背景技术
随着显示领域技术的飞速发展，人们对显示器件的要求越来越高。轻薄、节能始终是显示器件的发展目标。
现有液晶显示面板的显示原理可概述为如下：通过阵列基板下方的偏光片将自然光转换为线偏光，对像素电极和公共电极施加电压在液晶层的两侧形成电场，液晶层中的液晶分子在电场作用下发生旋转，从而改变线偏光的偏振状态，彩膜基板上的偏光片再对其进行检偏。通过控制电场的大小可以控制偏振状态，偏振状态不同意味着从液晶显示面板中射出的光的透过率不同，从而实现图像的灰阶显示。
可见，现有液晶显示器件结构中，上、下偏光片实际上增加了液晶显示器件的厚度，很难做到更加轻薄的目的；此外，偏光片的使用至少损耗了50％的光能，只能依靠提高背光亮度来满足液晶显示器件的亮度要求，这无疑增加了液晶显示器件的功耗，很难做到更加节能的目的。
发明内容
本公开的实施例提供一种液晶显示器及其驱动方法，用以减少传统的液晶显示器中偏光片的使用，从而达到液晶显示器件更加轻薄、节能的目的。
本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器包括背光源、位于所述背光源出光侧的下基板，与所述下基板相对设置的上基板，位于所述上基板与 所述下基板之间的液晶层。背光源包括多个光源，每一光源发出的光准直入射到所述液晶层中。液晶显示器还包括：位于所述下基板和所述液晶层之间的第一电极和第二电极，第一电极和第二电极彼此交替间隔地布置于同一层；以及与所述背光源的每个光源一一对应的遮光结构，且所述背光源的光源与所述遮光结构在所述下基板的正投影重叠。所述第一电极和第二电极被配置成在液晶显示器运行时接收不同的电压以形成电场，使得电场区域内的液晶分子发生偏转形成凸状的透镜结构。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器还包括控制单元，所述控制单元用于调整所述第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差，以调节所述透镜结构的曲率。
在一些实施例中，透镜结构的曲率越大，从透镜结构离开的出射光的出射角度越大。
在一些实施例中，第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差越大，透镜结构的曲率越大。
在一些实施例中，凸状的透镜结构的中心对背光源的光的折射率大于透镜结构的其它部分对背光源的光的折射率。。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器包括：呈阵列排布的多个子像素，且每一子像素与所述透镜结构一一对应，所述透镜结构与所述背光源的光源一一对应。
在一些实施例中，第一电极和第二电极结构相同，且呈阵列排布。
在一些实施例中，第一电极与相邻的第二电极之间的距离小于或等于3um。
在一些实施例中，第一电极和第二电极均为条状电极。
在一些实施例中，遮光结构位于所述上基板与液晶层之间。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器还包括：位于下基板与液晶层之间的第一取向膜，以及位于液晶层与上基板之间的第二取向膜。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器还包括光色转换层，光色转换层位于所述液晶层面向所述上基板的一侧，用于将透过所述液晶层的与各所述透镜结构对应区域的光转换为单色光；或，所述光色转换层位于所述液晶层面向所述下基板的一侧，用于将所述背光源发出的、且与各所述透镜结构对应的光转换为单色光。
在一些实施例中，光色转换层包括分光膜或彩色滤光膜，其中与不同的透镜结构相对应的被转换的光包括至少三种颜色。
在一些实施例中，第一电极和第二电极为透明电极。
在一些实施例中，光源包括激光器，遮光结构包括黑矩阵。
本公开的另外的实施例还提供了一种液晶显示器的驱动方法，该方法可用于如前述实施例中任一实施例所述的液晶显示器，该方法可包括：
接收待显示图像信号；根据所述待显示图像信号中每个子像素的待显示灰阶值，控制提供给第一电极和第二电极的电压，以控制凸状的透镜结构的曲率。
对于本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器，在显示时，所述第一电极和第二电极可控制液晶层中对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构；所述控制单元可调整各所述第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差，以控制形成的所述透镜结构的曲率。因此，本公开实施例中，在第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差的作用下使得液晶层形成凸状的透镜结构，通过透镜结构的折射作用，将背光源出光侧的准值光进行不同程度的折射，实现灰阶显示；且背光源出光侧的准值光方向一致，且经过凸状的透镜结构的折射作用后的光仍是偏振光。可见，本公开实施例中提供的液晶显示器无需采用上下偏振片来实现灰阶显示，从而减少了液晶显示器的厚度，并降低了液晶显示器的功耗，实现了液晶显示器件更加轻薄、节能的目的。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图2(a)和图2(b)分别用于图示本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构中透镜结构；
图3为本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构中另一种透镜结构的示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的透镜结构的折射率的曲线示意图；
图5为本公开的另一实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图6为本公开的另一实施例提供的第一电极和第二电极的结构示意图；
图7(a)和图7(b)分别为本公开实施例提供的遮光结构的结构示意图；
图8为本公开的另外的实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图9(a)和图9(b)分别为本公开的另外的实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图10(a)和图10(b)分别为本公开的另外的实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本公开的实施例作进一步地详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本公开实施例提供一种液晶显示器及其驱动方法，用以减少传统的液晶显示器中偏光片的使用，从而达到液晶显示器件更加轻薄、节能的目的。
附图中各部件的形状和大小不反映真实比例，目的只是示意说明本公开中的实施例。
本公开实施例提供的一种液晶显示器，如图1所示，包括：背光源01，位于背光源01出光侧的下基板02，与下基板02相对设置的上基板03，位于上基板03与下基板02之间液晶层04，背光源01包括多个光源011，每一光源011发出的光准直入射到液晶层04中。液晶显示器还包括：位于下基板02和液晶层04之间的第一电极06和第二电极07，第一电极06和第二电极07彼此交替且间隔地布置于同一层；以及与背光源的每个光源011一一对应的遮光结构08，且背光源的光源011与遮光结构08在下基板的正投影重叠。第一电极06和第二电极07被配置成在液晶显示器运行时接收不同的电压以形成电场，使得电场区域内的液晶分子发生偏转形成凸状的透镜结构。
在实施例中，液晶显示器还包括控制单元(图中未画出)，其用于调整第一电极06和第二电极07之间的电压差，以调节由电场区域内的液晶分子形成的透镜结构的曲率。此外，光源011包括但不限于 激光光源，激光光源发出的光可以基本上被认为是准直光。当然，光源011也可以包括发光器件和光学元件的组合，以能够发出准直的光，本发明对光源的具体形式不作限制。
在液晶显示器显示时，施加于第一电极06和第二电极07的电压可控制液晶层04中对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构；控制单元可调整各第一电极06和第二电极07之间的电压差，以调节形成的透镜结构的曲率。
本公开实施例中的遮光结构包括但不限于黑矩阵，其可以设置在液晶层与上基板之间，或者设置在液晶层与下基板之间，在此不做具体限定。图1中示出了遮光结构设置在上基板03和液晶层04之间的示例，但本发明不限于此。
在实施例中，为了实现灰阶显示中的全黑模式，本公开实施例中的遮光结构与背光源中的光源一一对应，用于遮挡背光源中的光源发出的光线，实现全黑模式。具体地，当液晶显示器中的液晶分子为负性液晶，初始状态时，液晶分子的长轴平行于上基板或下基板，第一电极和第二电极之间没有电势差，液晶层中的液晶分子不发生偏转，且液晶层中没有形成透镜结构，背光源中的光源的光束直接入射到遮光结构，从而通过遮光结构的遮挡，实现全黑模式。当液晶显示器中的液晶分子为正性液晶，初始状态时，液晶分子的长轴垂直于上基板或下基板，液晶显示器的初始状态为常白模式。为了实现液晶显示器的全黑模式，第一电极和第二电极之间形成电势差，使得液晶分子发生偏转，且液晶分子的长轴平行于第一电极和第二电极之间的水平方向的电场线，来自于光源的准直光通过透镜结构的折射入射到遮光结构，从而通过遮光结构的遮挡实现全黑模式。
对于本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器，在液晶显示器显示时，第一电极和第二电极之间的电场可以控制液晶层中对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构；控制单元可调整各第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差，以控制形成的透镜结构的曲率。因此，本公开实施例中，在第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差的作用下，液晶层形成凸状的透镜结构，通过透镜结构的折射作用，将背光源出光侧的准值光进行不同程度的折射，实现灰阶显示。由于背光源出光侧的准值光方向一致且属于线偏光，所以经过凸状的透镜结构的折射作用后的光 是偏振光。可见，本公开实施例中提供的液晶显示器无需采用上下偏振片来实现灰阶显示，从而减少了液晶显示器的厚度，并降低了液晶显示器的功耗，使得液晶显示器件更加轻薄、节能。
曲率是几何体不平坦程度的一种衡量，曲率的倒数就是曲率半径。圆弧的曲率半径，就是以这段圆弧为一个圆的一部分时，所成的圆的半径。曲率半径越大，圆弧越平缓，曲率半径越小，圆弧越陡。因此，凸状的透镜结构的曲率越大，曲率半径越小，凸状的透镜结构的弧状越陡，对准直光的折射越大。凸状的透镜结构将入射的准直光进行折射，由于凸状的透镜结构的曲率不同，对准直光进行折射后的出射光的角度不同，从而实现灰阶显示。进一步地，由于进入凸状的透镜结构的入射光为准值光，方向一致，且经过透镜结构的折射后出射的光依然是偏振光，从而避免采用偏光片来控制灰阶显示。本公开实施例中，通过利用液晶层中的凸状的透镜结构的折射作用实现灰阶显示。且本公开实施例中的凸状结构包括但不限于半球状，多半球状或者少半球状、半椭圆状的结构，在此不做具体限定。
下面结合具体实施例，对本公开的原理进行详细说明。需要说明的是，本实施例中是为了更好的解释本公开，但不限制本发明。
本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，通过控制透镜结构的曲率，实现灰阶显示，且透镜结构的曲率越大，对背光源的光进行折射的角度越大，透镜结构对应的灰阶越大。具体地，如图2(a)和图2(b)所示，遮光结构08设置在上基板03和液晶层04之间，图2(a)所示的凸状的透镜结构的曲率大于图2(b)所示的透镜结构的曲率，即图2(a)所示透镜结构的曲面更加弯曲则曲率越大。或者说，形成的透镜结构在盒厚方向上厚度越厚，则曲率越大，透镜结构的曲率越大，对光的折射就越大，使得出射的光线进行分散后，入射到上基板上的面积较大。反之，如图2(b)所示的透镜结构的曲率较小，对光的折射就越小，使得出射的光线进行分散的程度相对较小，入射到上基板上的面积较小。每一透镜结构对应一个子像素，用于控制该子像素的灰阶显示，背光源的准直光的入射到每一透镜结构的亮度相同，经过不同透镜结构的折射后入射到上基板上的光的面积可能不同。通过透镜结构的折射后，光线可入射到与该透镜对应的子像素上，或者可入射到与该透镜对应的子像素相邻的子像素上，在与该透镜对应的 遮挡结构08周围形成灰阶。因此，来自于透镜结构的出射光的出射角度越小，入射到上基板上的光的面积越小，则该透镜结构对应的子像素的灰阶值越小，反之，来自于透镜结构的出射光的出射角度越大，入射到上基板上的光的面积越大，则该透镜结构对应的子像素的灰阶值越大。
在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，透镜结构的曲率是在第一电极和第二电极之间的电场的作用下形成，因此，透镜结构的曲率越大，意味着施加在形成透镜结构的液晶分子对应的电极结构之间的电压差越大。具体地，如图3所示，液晶显示器包括第一电极06和第二电极07，由左向右，四个电极中相邻两个电极之间的电压差依次为V1、V2、和V3，且V1＞V2＞V3，透镜结构的曲率依次减小。
在具体实施例中，每一透镜结构在沿液晶显示器的盒厚方向的等效光程厚度越厚，意味着对背光源的光进行折射的折射率越大。具体地，针对每一透镜结构，盒厚方向最厚的部分电场线的方向平行于上基板或者下基板，盒厚方向最薄的部分电场线的方向垂直于上基板或基板。根据凸状的透镜结构的折射原理，盒厚方向最厚的透镜部分折射率最大，盒厚方向最薄的透镜部分折射率最小，盒厚方向上处于最厚和最薄的之间的透镜部分折射率位于最大折射率和最小折射率之间。如图4所示，盒厚方向最厚的部分透镜的折射率为ne，盒厚方向最薄的部分透镜的折射率为no，过渡区域的透镜的折射率为neff，且neff位于ne和no之间。因此，液晶层在电场的作用下形成凸状的透镜结构，且通过透镜结构的折射率，将背光源的准直光进行不同程度的折射，使得出射光的出射角度不同，从而实现不同的灰阶显示。
具体地，背光源的准直光经过具有不同折射率的透镜结构的折射后，可以将任一束光的偏振方向分解为平行水平方向和垂直于水平方向的两个方向的光，且由于第一电极和第二电极的之间形成的凸状结构的透镜结构在任一方向具有折射作用，因此经过透镜结构的折射后，出射的光线仍是偏振光，无需采用上下偏光片对光线进行偏振。
根据本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器中，参见图5，液晶显示面板还包括彩膜层，彩膜层包括呈阵列排布的多个彩膜块05，且每一彩膜块05与透镜结构一一对应，透镜结构与背光源的光源011一一对应。在该示例中，阵列排布的多个彩膜块位于液晶显示面板的下基板上， 因此，本该实施例中，每一光源，对应一个彩膜块，每一彩膜块对应一个凸状的透镜结构。
根据本公开的另一实施例提供的液晶显示器，参见图6，第一电极06和第二电极07结构相同，且呈阵列排布。具体地，第一电极和第二电极同层设置在液晶层和下基板之间，第一电极和第二电极之间形成的透镜结构与子像素一一对应，即，每一子像素对应一个凸状的透镜结构，通过对凸状的透镜结构的曲率的控制而实现各个子像素的灰阶显示。第一电极和第二电极呈阵列排布，为了使得第一电极和第二电极之间形成的透镜结构大小在下基板上正投影相同，第一透镜电极和第二透镜电极的结构相同。每一第一电极06与相邻的四个第二电极07中的每个第二电极可以产生电场，或者，每一第二电极07与相邻的四个第一电极06中的每个第一电极可产生电场，电场区域内的液晶分子组成一个凸状的透镜结构。
需要说明的是，图6中仅以第一电极和第二电极为块状结构为例进行示意，但不限于第一电极和第二电极为块状结构，其他形状的第一电极和第二电极也是可能的，在此不做具体限定。而且，第一电极和第二透镜电极的形状可以相同，或者不同，在此不做具体限定。
在具体实施例中，本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，参见图6，第一电极06和第二电极07均为条状电极。
在具体实施例中，为了使得在第一电极和第二电极的电场线作用下形成的透镜结构具有较好的折射作用，本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，第一电极与相邻的第二电极之间的距离小于或等于3um。第一电极和第二电极之间的距离足够小，形成的透镜结构足够小，使得形成的透镜结构具有较好的折射作用。
在本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器中，参见图1，遮光结构08位于上基板03与液晶层04之间。遮光结构08还可以设置在下基板02和第一电极06之间，在此不做限定，图1中仅以一个具体的实施例进行示意，但本发明不限于图1所示的结构。
具体地，如图7(a)所示，遮光结构08的形状为与背光源的光源一一对应的圆形结构，或者，如图7(b)所示的遮光结构08的形状为与背光源的光源一一对应的矩形结构。本发明对此不做具体限制。
在具体实施例中，当液晶显示器中的液晶分子为负性液晶时，初 始状态下，液晶分子的长轴平行于上基板或者下基板，此时需要复杂的Rubbing方式对液晶分子进行分布，因此，本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器中，参见图8，液晶显示器还包括：位于下基板与液晶层04之间的第一取向膜09，以及位于液晶层04与上基板03之间的第二取向膜10，其中，第二取向膜10可以设置在遮光结构08与液晶层04之间。当液晶显示器中的液晶分子为正性液晶时，初始状态下，液晶分子的长轴垂直于上基板或者下基板，因此该结构的液晶显示器无需设置第一取向膜和第二取向膜。本公开实施例中的第一取向膜和第二取向膜的功能相同，且第一取向膜和第二取向膜仅用于区分所在膜层的位置不同，没有其它方面的意义。
本公开的另外的实施例提供的液晶显示器中，如图9(a)和图9(b)所示，液晶显示器还包括：光色转换层11；其中，如图9(a)所示，光色转换层11位于液晶层04面向上基板03的一侧，用于将透过液晶层的、且与各透镜结构对应区域的光转换为单色光；其中，光色转换层11可以设置在遮光结构08与上基板03之间，或者遮光结构08与液晶层04之间。替代性地，如图9(b)所示，光色转换层11位于液晶层04面向下基板02的一侧，用于将背光源发出的、且与各透镜结构对应区域的光转换为单色光；与不同的透镜结构相对应的被转换的光包括至少三种颜色。在图9(b)中，光色装换层11设置在第一电极06和下基板02之间，也可以将光色装换层11设置在液晶层04和第一电极06之间，本发明对此不做限制。
在另外的实施例中，如图10(a)所示，液晶显示器中遮光结构08设置在上基板03和液晶层04之间，液晶显示器还包括设置在遮光结构08和液晶层04之间第二取向膜10，设置在下基板02和第一电极06之间的第一取向膜09，以及设置在遮光结构08和上基板03之间的光色装换层11。根据另一实施例，如图10(b)所示，液晶显示器包括：设置在液晶层04和上基板03之间的遮光结构08，设置在下基板02和液晶层04之间的第一取向膜09，设置在液晶层04和上基板03之间的第二取向膜10，以及设置在第一取向膜09和下基板02之间的光色装换层11。图10(a)和图10(b)仅是本公开的示意性实施例，光色装换层11的位置不限于此，其还可以设置在液晶层04和上基板03之间的任一膜层之间，或者设置在下基板02和液晶层04之间的任 一膜层之间，本发明对此不作限制。在另外的实施例中，遮光结构08和光色装换层11也可以同层设置。
需要说明的是，这里一种颜色的光可对应于液晶显示器中的一个子像素，在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，一个透镜结构对应至少一个子像素，液晶显示器包括至少三种颜色的子像素，例如三原色的红色子像素、蓝色子像素和绿色子像素。
在根据本公开的一个实施例提供的液晶显示器中，一个透镜结构对应一个子像素，即光色转换层将与各透镜结构对应的区域的光仅转换成一种颜色。
在具体实施例中，光色转换层11可包括分光膜或彩色滤光膜。
根据本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器，任一电极为透明电极。即，第一电极和第二电极中的各个电极单元均为透明电极，从而避免电极对光线的遮挡作用，电极的材料可以为氧化铟锡等材料，本发明对此不做具体限制。
基于同一发明思想，本公开的另外的实施例还提供了一种用于前述实施例中任一实施例所述的液晶显示器的驱动方法，该方法包括：接收待显示图像信号；根据所述待显示图像信号中每个子像素的待显示灰阶值，控制提供给第一电极和第二电极的电压，以控制凸状的透镜结构的曲率。
综上所述，对于本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器及其驱动方法，在显示时，所述第一电极和第二电极可控制液晶层中对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构；所述控制单元可调整各所述第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差，以控制形成的所述透镜结构的曲率。因此，，在第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差的作用下，液晶层形成凸状的透镜结构，通过透镜结构的折射作用，将背光源出光侧的准值光进行不同程度的折射，实现灰阶显示。且背光源出光侧的准值光方向一致，且经过凸状的透镜结构的折射作用后的光仍是偏振光。可见，本公开实施例中提供的液晶显示器无需采用上下偏振片来实现灰阶显示，从而减少了液晶显示器的厚度，并降低了液晶显示器的功耗，实现了液晶显示器件更加轻薄、节能的目的。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本公开的各实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若这些修改和变型属 于权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种液晶显示器，包括背光源、位于所述背光源出光侧的下基板，与所述下基板相对设置的上基板，位于所述上基板与所述下基板之间的液晶层，其中所述背光源包括多个光源，每一光源发出的光准直入射到所述液晶层中，其中所述液晶显示器还包括：
    位于所述下基板和所述液晶层之间的第一电极和第二电极，第一电极和第二电极彼此交替间隔地布置于同一层；以及
    与所述背光源的每个光源一一对应的遮光结构，且所述背光源的光源与所述遮光结构在所述下基板的正投影重叠；
    所述第一电极和第二电极被配置成在液晶显示器运行时接收不同的电压以形成电场，使得电场区域内的液晶分子发生偏转形成凸状的透镜结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述液晶显示器还包括控制单元，所述控制单元用于调整所述第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差，以调节所述透镜结构的曲率。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述透镜结构的曲率越大，从透镜结构离开的出射光的出射角度越大。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差越大，所述透镜结构的曲率越大。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述凸状的透镜结构的中心对背光源的光的折射率大于透镜结构的其它部分对背光源的光的折射率。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述液晶显示器包括：
    呈阵列排布的多个子像素，且每一子像素与所述透镜结构一一对应，所述透镜结构与所述背光源的光源一一对应。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述第一电极和第二电极结构相同，且呈阵列排布。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的液晶显示器，其中所述第一电极与相邻的所述第二电极之间的距离小于或等于3um。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述第一电极和所述第二电极均为条状电极。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述遮光结构位于所述上基板与所述液晶层之间。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述液晶显示器还包括：
    位于所述下基板与所述液晶层之间的第一取向膜，以及位于所述液晶层与所述上基板之间的第二取向膜。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中所述液晶显示器还包括：光色转换层；其中，
    所述光色转换层位于所述液晶层面向所述上基板的一侧，用于将透过所述液晶层的与各所述透镜结构对应区域的光转换为单色光；或，所述光色转换层位于所述液晶层面向所述下基板的一侧，用于将所述背光源发出的、且与各所述透镜结构对应的光转换为单色光。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的液晶显示器，其中所述光色转换层包括分光膜或彩色滤光膜，其中与不同的透镜结构相对应的被转换的光包括至少三种颜色。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的液晶显示器，其中所述第一电极和第二电极为透明电极。
  15. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的液晶显示器，其中所述光源包括激光器，所述遮光结构包括黑矩阵。
  16. 一种用于权利要求1-15中任一项所述的液晶显示器的驱动方法，包括：
    接收待显示图像信号；
    根据所述待显示图像信号中每个子像素的待显示灰阶值，控制提供给第一电极和第二电极的电压，以控制凸状的透镜结构的曲率。
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