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WO2018128593A1 - Procédé de production d'un lingot et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'un lingot et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018128593A1
WO2018128593A1 PCT/UA2018/000001 UA2018000001W WO2018128593A1 WO 2018128593 A1 WO2018128593 A1 WO 2018128593A1 UA 2018000001 W UA2018000001 W UA 2018000001W WO 2018128593 A1 WO2018128593 A1 WO 2018128593A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mold
ingot
melt
metal
filling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/UA2018/000001
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Юрий Пантелеевич ПУСТОВАЛОВ
Игорь Валентинович ^apnynoribj].^^ 87549 УКРАИНА САГИРОВ
Original Assignee
Юрий Пантелеевич ПУСТОВАЛОВ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Юрий Пантелеевич ПУСТОВАЛОВ filed Critical Юрий Пантелеевич ПУСТОВАЛОВ
Publication of WO2018128593A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018128593A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
    • B22D27/13—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of gas pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and can be used to obtain ingots for siphon casting or casting from above.
  • a known method of casting an ingot [see Ukrainian patent Ns 26120, M. cl. B22D 27/04, publ. 06/07/99. Bull. Ns 3], including the casting of metal in the molds and crystallization of the ingot with sealing of the shrink cavity after 0.1-0.3 time of complete solidification of the ingot.
  • This method does not allow to ensure high surface quality of the ingot due to the contact of the melt with oxygen in the air, which constantly enters the molds during casting.
  • B22D 7/10 of 05.17.88 which includes casting metal into ingot molds and crystallizing an ingot using melt replenishment until the solidification of the metal in the ingot is complete.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the inability to ensure the quality of the surface and core of the ingot. This is due to the fact that during casting the metal melt is in contact with oxygen in the air, which constantly enters the molds during the casting process and thereby reduces the surface quality of the ingot. In this case, replenishment of the ingot with liquid metal during the casting process (filling the mold with metal) makes the ingot casting time longer, contributes to the development of segregation and deterioration of the quality of the core of the ingot.
  • a device for implementing this method is also a prototype for the device proposed in the claimed invention.
  • the prototype device includes a pallet with one or more molds installed on it, a sprue system connected to the molds, a container for the melt supplying ingot, a refrigerator located at the top of each mold. The capacity for the supply ingot of the melt is located above the upper point of the resulting ingot and is associated with each of the molds.
  • the basis of the claimed invention is the task to improve the method of obtaining the ingot and the device for its implementation, by performing additional steps, using new modes of obtaining the ingot, the use of additional structural elements, their specific relative location.
  • the aim of the invention is to improve the surface quality of the ingot and the macrostructure of the metal, without compromising the quality of the core of the ingot.
  • the protective gas is supplied to the mold through a gas supply pipe, so that its lower cut is inside the mold below the level of the melt filling, and the moment of contact of the lower cut Melt tubes are determined by the pressure jump in the gas pipeline.
  • the total passage section of all openings for the exit of gases from the mold is associated with the average horizontal section of the mold, with the rate of melt elevation, and with the feed rate of the protective gas during casting and is determined by the ratio:
  • the surface of the refrigerator in contact with the melt is made in the form of an extension or part of a mold that defines the shape of the head of the ingot.
  • the refrigerator is arranged to be placed at a predetermined level in height of the mold.
  • a heater is located in the formation zone of the lower part of the ingot.
  • the surface quality of the ingot is greatly affected by the oxidation of its surface with atmospheric oxygen. Also, during the oxidation of the melt in the mold with atmospheric oxygen during casting, the surface of the ingot deteriorates. Therefore, the total passage section of the holes and gaps in the upper part of the mold should be less than the cross section of the mold. Then, when filling with metal, and especially when supplying gases to the molds during the casting process, increased pressure is created over the melt in the molds. Gas escapes from the mold under pressure, which prevents diffusion of atmospheric air into the mold.
  • the device when filling the mold with a melt, the device should provide a gas pressure in it sufficient to prevent atmospheric oxygen from entering the mold. This is achieved by manufacturing the top of the mold (or connected to the mold of the refrigerator) in such a way that the total bore of all the gas outlet openings from the mold does not exceed a certain value, which is associated with the flow of melt entering the mold and the flow of protective gas supplied to mold. Then the minimum necessary excessive gas pressure in the mold and a sufficient gas flow rate at the outlet of the mold.
  • the lower boundary of the total cross-sectional area of all gas outlet openings, as claimed in claim 9, provides for the fulfillment of the object of the invention at a minimum pouring speed without supplying protective gas during the casting.
  • the lower boundary of the total flow cross-section of all openings for the exit of gases leaving the mold is determined by the condition that the exhaust gases should not create a pressure in the mold exceeding the pressure of the liquid melt in the gate system.
  • the ratio of the total flow cross-section of all openings for the exit of gases from the mold, at the maximum rate of filling with metal and the supply of protective gas, should not exceed 0.1 cross-sections of the mold, since at high values of this indicator it is difficult to freeze the sealed plug in the upper part of the ingot. If there is no supply of protective gas to the mold and when the mold is filled with metal about 0.2 t / min, the total flow area of all openings for the exit of gases from the mold should be selected within the limits of 0.00001 - 0.001 of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the mold.
  • the mold is filled with metal in a protective gas medium.
  • reducing agents which can be metals that are more active than iron (aluminum, magnesium, etc.), carbon-containing substances (coke, charcoal, sawdust, other organic substances), which are placed before casting in the mold in the required quantity (a sufficient mass of the reducing agent used is much less than the mass of the currently used heat insulation mixtures).
  • the reducing agent heats up and reacts with atmospheric oxygen.
  • air oxygen is transferred into a bound state and cannot oxidize the melt.
  • the amount of metal oxide or carbon monoxide formed does not significantly affect the quality of the ingot.
  • the reaction products pass into the gas phase and are removed from the mold during casting, without affecting the quality of the ingot.
  • the supply of a gaseous reducing agent to the mold of combustion products in the air allows the mold to be filled with a gas mixture containing no oxygen, and consisting of the remaining components of the air, as well as CO, COg, water. Oxygen-containing components in the mixture are few.
  • the supply of protective gas to the mold during filling with metal allows one to additionally increase the pressure of the protective gas in the mold, increase the rate of gas exit and thereby more reliably prevent the ingress of oxygen into the mold and its contact with the melt.
  • any non-oxidizing gas that does not react with the metal that spills can be air from which oxygen, nitrogen, argon, another inert gas, a reducing gas, for example, ⁇ , and, in some cases, a weak oxidizing agent, ⁇ , are removed.
  • shielding gas can be supplied to each ingot mold separately, or collectively, through an opening in one of the ingot molds, or through an opening in each ingot mold, or through a center one.
  • Shielding gas may be supplied to the mold during casting through an opening in the upper part of the mold or in the refrigerator.
  • the place of introduction of the shielding gas may be a hole in the bottom of the inverted deaf-ingot mold, an opening in the upper part of the blank mold or in a special refrigerator connected to the mold, or in the refrigerator lying on the upper end of the mold.
  • the main condition for this technique is the displacement of air by shielding gas, and the prevention of air ingress into the mold during casting.
  • the tube must be lowered into the mold below a predetermined level of mold filling with metal so that the gas leaving the mold through the stoppers (through holes for the gases to escape from the mold) does not mix with the protective gas that is supplied through the gas supply pipe.
  • the tube may be buried to the bottom of the mold.
  • the gas supply pipe for this should be buried 50 - 300 mm below the specified mold fill level.
  • the jet of supplied gas at the outlet of the tube enters the gaseous medium and does not encounter much resistance.
  • the gas jet enters a dense medium and the pressure in the gas supply system rises sharply. This can be easily detected using a pressure gauge or due to the exit of the gas stream from the valve, which is triggered when the set pressure is exceeded. This can also be fixed by the appearance of dust above the supports (through holes for the exit of gases from the mold).
  • the most important condition of the proposed technology is the presence of ferrostatic pressure in the mold at the time the ingot begins to form — immediately after the mold is filled with melt. It is the ferrostatic pressure that makes it possible to compensate for the loss of the melt in the upper part of the ingot during crystallization of the melt and ensures the tightness of the shrink cavity formed later.
  • a certain shape of the head of the ingot is usually necessary - it is held by the manipulator and the ingot is turned during forging.
  • an extension extension a refrigerator of the corresponding shape and size, for contacting the surface of the melt with the refrigerator, made in the form of an extension or part of the mold that forms the head of the ingot.
  • such a head has the necessary shape, high-quality surface, and the minimum required size, and it can also be forged, since this part of the ingot will have good surface quality and good macrostructure, and the shrink cavity in the ingot is welded . All this allows to reduce the loss of metal in the edge compared to conventional ingots.
  • a replaceable gas supply tube in the upper part of the mold to supply protective gas.
  • the lower end of the tube can be installed at the required height, below a given level of mold filling with metal. Then, when the melt approaches the gas supply point, the lower end of the tube is located under the melt layer.
  • the pressure in the gas supply tube increases sharply, which is an indicator of the melt level being at a certain level. Another indicator is the dust exit from the supports (through holes for the exit of gases from the mold).
  • the method can be implemented with siphon casting and with casting from above.
  • FIG. 1 casting of steel (melt) with a siphon, fed through a gating system, from a tank located above the center with a protective gas supply.
  • the head of the ingot may be flat or have the necessary shape and size.
  • the lower part of the vessel for feeding the melt ingot can be located both above and below the level of filling the mold with metal.
  • FIG. 2 casting of steel (melt) with a siphon or from above with feeding through the sprue system from the tank located above the center (option 1), or from the tank located above the mold (option 2).
  • FIG. 3 casting of steel (melt) with a siphon with make-up through the gating system from a tank located above the center. Refrigerators are made with the possibility of their placement inside the mold at the required level.
  • FIG. 4 casting of steel (melt) with a siphon with feeding through the gating system due to a profitable extension installed on the pallet of a conventional mold with profit.
  • the device has a capacity for the melt 1 (Fig. 1-4), interfaced with the help of the gating system 2 with molds 4 (without a profitable extension) mounted on the pallet 3.
  • the top of the mold 5 is either a blank bottom of an inverted deaf mold or a refrigerator lid, mounted on the upper end of the through mold.
  • the bottom of the deep-sea mold or the refrigerator lid may be flat or have the shape and dimensions necessary for further use, for example, for capture by the manipulator during forging.
  • In the upper part of the mold there are supports - through holes for the exit of gas, as well as an opening for introducing a gas supply tube through which protective gas is supplied to the mold.
  • a separate container (lined or ceramic, mainly insulated) installed on the center 6, or made as a unit with the center (Fig. 1, 2, 3) can be used.
  • the container can be placed above the mold (Fig. 2) and connected to the mold by the gate system.
  • the role of the gate system, which feeds the ingot at the beginning of crystallization, can be performed by siphon wiring when the container is located above the center, or a glass when the container is located above the mold that is fed.
  • the capacity for supplying the melt ingot, according to the proposed method, during siphon casting, can also be part of the profitable extension of another mold (to obtain an ingot with profit) installed on the same pallet and connected to it by siphon wiring (Fig. 4). Moreover, part of the profitable extension that feeds the ingot obtained by the proposed method is located above the upper edge of the fed ingot, and the bottom profit of the fed ingot is lower than the upper edge of the same ingot.
  • the highest quality metal crystallizes at the surface of the ingot.
  • segregation processes develop, which leads to the appearance in the axial zone of positive and negative segregations - zones with a low and high content of harmful impurities.
  • the area of high segregation in a hot-deformed metal can lead to delamination and other defects of the ingot.
  • the proposed technical solution is the development of the prototype method.
  • the proposed technical solution provides for the transfer of liquids to the bottom of the ingot. This is achieved by warming the lower part when cooling the top of the ingot and by feeding it with a melt supplied under ferrostatic pressure for a certain time after filling the mold. Warming of the lower part of the ingot creates a heat center in this area, which, due to convective mixing of the melt in the ingot, which crystallizes, improves the quality of the hardened metal macrostructure and reduces segregation, and also moves the bottom of the shrinkage cavity to the bottom of the ingot.
  • the bottom of the shrink cavity can be moved to a different level, including the bottom of the ingot. In the latter case, after rolling, the liquids remain in the bottom edge.
  • the method is as follows.
  • shielding gas can be supplied during the casting. You can use shielding gas only during casting without first filling the molds before casting. During casting, shielding gas can be supplied to all molds or to one or two molds on a pallet. The latter option is useful for determining the time when the melt reaches a certain height of the mold filling with metal.
  • ingots of steel of grade 55 were cast into deep-bloomed ingot molds with supports (through holes for the exit of gases from the ingot mold), as well as into ingots expanding downward with lids-coolers. Lids-coolers were made with different numbers and total cross-sections of openings for the exit of gases.
  • a tube is installed in the additional hole of the refrigerator lid to determine the pressure in the mold. At the other end of the tube is a pressure gauge.
  • Example 1 Obtaining ingots according to the proposed technology was carried out without the use of mixtures of heaters in the molds.
  • a central and inverted five-ton deep-sea mold was placed on a single pallet without a profitable extension.
  • the cross section of the mold in the wide part is 730x660 mm, in the narrow part - 598x518 mm, the height of the ingot is 1960 mm.
  • the hole in the bottom of the mold has a diameter of 110 mm (in the experiment, the bottom of the inverted mold is a refrigerator for the top of the ingot).
  • a steel cylinder with a hole along an axis with a diameter of 50 mm was hermetically installed in the bottom hole of the mold.
  • He installed an oxygen (gas-supplying) tube with a diameter of 18 mm, on which a cardboard tube with a diameter of 45 mm was put on and the space between the tubes was filled with a heat insulator.
  • the cross section for the exit of gases was 3.7 cm 2 with a cross section of the mold in the upper part - 3100 cm 2 , i.e. the cross section for the exit of gases was 0.0012 of the cross-sectional horizontal section of the mold.
  • the lower end of the oxygen (gas supply) tube was placed 200 mm below a predetermined level of filling the mold with the melt.
  • Argon was connected through a tee and a valve was installed that operates at an overpressure in the system above 0.05 atm.
  • the mold was filled with argon and argon continued to be fed during casting.
  • the time for filling the mold with metal was 4 minutes. After the mold was filled with metal to the gas supply tube, the argon supply was stopped, the melt flow was reduced, and the mold and the center were filled for 1 min.
  • the ingot was rolled into circles with a diameter of 270 mm. Head trim was 0.5%, bottom trim was 4%, yield was 93% by weight of molten steel cast into the mold. Control of ultrasonic testing along the entire length of the rental did not reveal defects.
  • the analysis of the templates selected at the levels of 0.5%, 48% and 96% showed a high quality of the macrostructure of rolled products. The rolled surface is good - smooth, without defects - better than in ingots of the same heat, spilled under mixtures. The quality of the metal in the middle of the ingot is better than that of ingots of the same heat, cast under mixtures using a profitable extension.
  • Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, flue gases from the complete and incomplete combustion of natural gas with afterburning at the exit of the mold were used as a protective gas, creating a protective atmosphere by placing aluminum powder in the amount of 45 g per ton of melt, or coke dust or activated carbon in the amount of 32 g of carbon per ton of melt.
  • Shielding gas (argon) was fed through the center into all the molds together and then, in one or two ingots on the pallet, argon was additionally fed during the casting process, and argon was also fed into each mold separately.
  • Argon was supplied only before casting (the moment the melt level approached a predetermined distance to the refrigerator was fixed by the appearance of smoke or using a special float), argon was fed before casting and during casting.
  • a container for a melt supplying ingot the lower part of which is located below a predetermined filling level (metal in the mold), and the upper part is higher than the metal filling level in it (above the upper level of the obtained ingot) did not degrade the quality of the ingot compared to using the container, which is completely located above the metal fill level in the mold.
  • the melt filling rate of the mold during casting of the ingot body was 100 mm / min for the first two ingots, and 250 mm / min for the other two. At a fill level 150 mm below the upper fill point, the molds reduced the jet. Heating for rolling was carried out according to existing technology.
  • the ingots were rolled into circles with a diameter of 270 mm.
  • the proposed set of features allows us to solve the problem.
  • the proposed method and device for its implementation can improve the quality of the metal surface in comparison with the prototype, without compromising the quality of the core of the ingot.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)

Abstract

Domaine d'utilisation : métallurgie de métaux ferreux ou non ferreux, production de lingots de métal lors de la coulée en source ou en chute. Dans cette invention, le procédé de production d'un lingot comprend le remplissage de la lingotière avec du métal, la solidification du bain de fusion dans la partie supérieure de la lingotière sous pression ferrostatique et la cristallisation du lingot. Lorsque la lingotière se remplit de gaz on y crée au-dessus du bain de fusion une pression excessive du milieu gazeux compris entre 1 - 300 000 Pa. Le dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ce procédé comprend une palette (3) sur laquelle est montée une ou plusieurs lingotières (4), un système de coulée (2) et une cuve (1) reliée aux lingotières (4) destinée au bain de fusion qui alimente le lingot, ainsi qu'un refroidisseur (7) avec deux ou plusieurs orifices (8) pour la sortie des disposé dans la partie supérieur de la lingotière (4). La section transversale globale de tous les orifices pour la sortie des gaz de la lingotière (4) correspond à 0,00001 - 0,1 de la section horizontale de la lingotière. Les résultats techniques sont les suivants : amélioration de la qualité du métal sans détériorer la qualité du noyau du lingot.
PCT/UA2018/000001 2017-01-04 2018-01-03 Procédé de production d'un lingot et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procédé WO2018128593A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA201700192 2017-01-04
UA201700192 2017-01-04

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WO2018128593A1 true WO2018128593A1 (fr) 2018-07-12

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU406629A1 (ru) * 1971-07-12 1973-11-21 В. Т. Сладкоштеев, А. Г. Котин, В. Г. Литвиненко , В. И. Шевченко Украинский научно исследовательский институт металлов УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ отливки ЗАГОТОВОК под РЕГУЛИРУЕМЫМ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ
SU498092A1 (ru) * 1974-01-10 1976-01-05 Научно-Исследовательский Институт Специальных Способов Литья Способ получени отливок
UA55822C2 (uk) * 2002-07-02 2005-02-15 Товариство З Обмеженою Відповідальністю "Фірма "Уніком" Спосіб одержання зливка та пристрій для його реалізації

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU406629A1 (ru) * 1971-07-12 1973-11-21 В. Т. Сладкоштеев, А. Г. Котин, В. Г. Литвиненко , В. И. Шевченко Украинский научно исследовательский институт металлов УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ отливки ЗАГОТОВОК под РЕГУЛИРУЕМЫМ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ
SU498092A1 (ru) * 1974-01-10 1976-01-05 Научно-Исследовательский Институт Специальных Способов Литья Способ получени отливок
UA55822C2 (uk) * 2002-07-02 2005-02-15 Товариство З Обмеженою Відповідальністю "Фірма "Уніком" Спосіб одержання зливка та пристрій для його реалізації

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