WO2018105620A1 - 感光性樹脂組成物及び感光性樹脂積層体 - Google Patents
感光性樹脂組成物及び感光性樹脂積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018105620A1 WO2018105620A1 PCT/JP2017/043680 JP2017043680W WO2018105620A1 WO 2018105620 A1 WO2018105620 A1 WO 2018105620A1 JP 2017043680 W JP2017043680 W JP 2017043680W WO 2018105620 A1 WO2018105620 A1 WO 2018105620A1
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- photosensitive resin
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- resin composition
- resin laminate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/033—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition and the like.
- a photosensitive resin laminate comprising a photosensitive resin layer laminated on a support film, and further a protective film laminated on the photosensitive resin layer as necessary, A so-called dry film photoresist (hereinafter sometimes referred to as DF) is used.
- DF dry film photoresist
- the photosensitive resin layer is generally of an alkali development type using a weak alkaline aqueous solution as a developer.
- the following steps are performed.
- DF has a protective film
- the protective film is first peeled off.
- DF is laminated on a permanent circuit fabrication substrate such as a copper clad laminate or a flexible substrate using a laminator or the like, and exposure is performed through a wiring pattern mask film or the like.
- the support film is peeled off, and a photosensitive resin layer of an uncured portion (for example, an unexposed portion in a negative type) is dissolved or dispersed and removed by a developer, and a cured resist pattern (hereinafter simply referred to as a resist pattern) is formed on the substrate. (Sometimes called a resist pattern).
- the process of forming a circuit after forming a resist pattern is roughly divided into two methods.
- the first method is a method in which a substrate surface not covered with a resist pattern (for example, a copper surface of a copper clad laminate) is removed by etching, and then the resist pattern portion is removed with an alkaline aqueous solution stronger than a developer (etching method). It is.
- the substrate surface is plated with copper, solder, nickel, tin, etc., and then the resist pattern portion is removed in the same manner as in the first method.
- This is a method (plating method) for etching a copper surface of a copper-clad laminate.
- Patent Document 1 describes a photosensitive resin composition whose resolution is enhanced by a specific thermoplastic resin, a monomer, and a photopolymerizable initiator. .
- the position of the focal point greatly affects the resolution and the line width reproducibility. For example, if the focus position at the time of exposure deviates from the substrate surface due to warpage and distortion of the substrate, setting failure of the exposure apparatus, etc., resolution and resist line width reproducibility are greatly deteriorated. As a result, a short circuit problem may occur when a circuit is formed by an etching method, and problems such as chipping, disconnection, or poor plating may occur when a circuit is formed by a plating method.
- the present invention provides a photosensitive resin laminate that exhibits high resolution and good line width reproducibility, and a support film and a photosensitive film for forming the same, even when the focus during exposure is deviated. It is an object to provide a conductive resin composition, and to provide a resist pattern forming method and a conductor pattern forming method using the photosensitive resin laminate.
- a photosensitive resin laminate comprising a support film and a photosensitive resin composition layer containing a photosensitive resin composition formed on the support film, wherein at any 10 locations of the support film, a side of 5 mm
- a photosensitive resin laminate in which the number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m contained in each small piece when the square pieces are cut out is an average of 0 to 200 in the 10 places.
- the photosensitive resin composition is based on the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition, and the following components: (A) Alkali-soluble polymer: 10% by mass to 90% by mass; (B) Compound having ethylenically unsaturated double bond: 5% by mass to 70% by mass; and (C) Photopolymerization initiator: 0.01% by mass to 20% by mass; The photosensitive resin laminate according to any one of [1] to [6]. [8] The photosensitive resin laminate according to [7], wherein the monomer component of the (A) alkali-soluble polymer has an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- a laminating step of laminating the photosensitive resin laminate according to any one of [1] to [16] on a substrate A resist pattern forming method, comprising: an exposure step of exposing a photosensitive resin layer of the photosensitive resin laminate; and a development step of developing and removing an unexposed portion of the photosensitive resin layer.
- a resist pattern forming method comprising: an exposure step of exposing a photosensitive resin layer of the photosensitive resin laminate; and a development step of developing and removing an unexposed portion of the photosensitive resin layer.
- the resist pattern forming method according to [17] wherein the exposure step is performed by an exposure method by direct drawing of a drawing pattern or an exposure method of projecting a photomask image through a lens.
- a photosensitive resin laminate that exhibits high resolution and good line width reproducibility even when the focus is shifted during exposure, and a support film and a photosensitive resin composition for forming the same. It is possible to provide a method for forming a resist pattern and a method for forming a conductor pattern using the photosensitive resin laminate. As a result, even when the focus position at the time of exposure deviates from the substrate surface due to warpage and distortion of the substrate, setting failure of the exposure apparatus, etc., it is possible to reduce the short circuit problem when forming a circuit by the etching method. In addition, when a circuit is formed by a plating method, problems such as chipping, disconnection, and plating failure can be reduced. Also, a desired circuit width can be obtained.
- the photosensitive resin laminate of the present invention is a photosensitive resin laminate comprising a support film and a photosensitive resin composition layer containing the photosensitive resin composition formed on the support film, and the support film
- the number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m contained in each small piece when a square piece having a side of 5 mm is cut out at any one of 10 places is an average of 0 to 200 in 10 places. It is a photosensitive resin laminate.
- the fine particles having a diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m include a primary particle having a diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m and a primary particle aggregate having a diameter of the aggregate of the primary particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m. included. If the primary particles are not perfect spheres, the longest width of the primary particles is taken as the diameter of the primary particles. When the primary particle aggregate is not a perfect sphere, the longest width of the primary particle aggregate is taken as the diameter of the primary particle aggregate.
- the photosensitive resin laminate may have a protective layer on the surface of the photosensitive resin layer opposite to the support layer side.
- the present inventors have performed exposure with the focal position aligned with the surface of the base material, and positions shifted from the base material surface to the inside of the base material (deviation of the focal position, such as the amount of waviness on the surface).
- the photosensitive resin laminate is designed by paying attention to the difference in line width and resolution when the exposure is performed with the focus position adjusted to the reference value set as a very large deviation amount with respect to the quantity. Has been found to be effective in solving the above problems.
- the focal position at the time of exposure when the number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m contained in a square piece of 5 mm on a side of the support film is 0 to 200 on average in any 10 places It is possible to suppress an increase in line width and a deterioration in resolution when deviating.
- the size of the fine particles that affect these performances is 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m, and the normal exposure does not affect these performances. If the focus of the exposed portion is deviated due to the distortion of the substrate, insufficient adsorption of the substrate to the stage, and unevenness of the substrate surface, the influence of light scattering by the fine particles increases.
- the line width increases and resolution (particularly, omission) deteriorates.
- resolution is deteriorated even during normal exposure.
- fine particles of less than 1.5 ⁇ m no increase in line width or deterioration in resolution is observed even when the focus during exposure shifts.
- the number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m contained in a small piece of the support film is an average of 10 points from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in line width and resolution when the focal position is shifted during exposure. It is preferably 180 or less, preferably 150 or less, preferably 120 or less, preferably 100 or less, more preferably 80 or less, more preferably 50 or less, still more preferably 30 or less, 20 More preferably, no more than 15, particularly preferably not more than 15, more preferably not more than 10, and most preferably not more than 6.
- fine-particles of 1.5 micrometers or more and less than 4.5 micrometers is 1 or more at the point which the adhesiveness of a support film and the photosensitive resin layer is excellent.
- the support film contains one or more fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m in an average of any 10 locations, the support film can be slippery and the support film can be peeled off. Become. When the support film is partially peeled after lamination to the substrate, oxygen enters between the support film and the photosensitive resin composition layer, and even if the photosensitive resin composition is exposed due to the oxygen, Hardening failure may occur.
- the number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m in the support film may be 2 or more, 3 or more, 5 or more, 8 or more, Or 10 or more.
- the photosensitive resin laminate is the right of the present invention. Suppose that it is within the range. That is, even if the prescribed number of particles is not satisfied when measured at a certain 10 places, the photosensitive resin laminate is within the scope of the present invention when the prescribed number of particles is satisfied when measured at another 10 places. Be within.
- the fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m included in the support film are, for example, inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles, such as lubricants, additive aggregates, foreign matters mixed in raw materials, foreign matters mixed in the manufacturing process, etc.
- the fine particles include inorganic particles such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, silica (silicon dioxide), kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina (aluminum oxide), barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, and molybdenum sulfide.
- organic particles such as crosslinked polymer particles and calcium oxalate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the fine particles are blended into the film according to a conventional method. In order to produce the support film of the present invention, for example, a method of filtering the resin with a filter having an eye of 4.5 ⁇ m or less can be used.
- the support film is preferably a transparent support film that transmits light emitted from the exposure light source.
- support films include polyethylene terephthalate film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl chloride film, vinyl chloride copolymer film, polyvinylidene chloride film, vinylidene chloride copolymer film, polymethyl methacrylate copolymer film, Examples thereof include a polystyrene film, a polyacrylonitrile film, a styrene copolymer film, a polyamide film, and a cellulose derivative film. These films can be stretched if necessary.
- the support film is preferably one having a haze of 5% or less, more preferably 2% or less, still more preferably 1.5% or less, particularly preferably 1.0% or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing light scattering during exposure.
- the surface roughness Ra of the surface in contact with the photosensitive layer is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and particularly preferably 10 nm or less. The thinner the film is, the more advantageous it is for improving the image forming property and the economical efficiency, but a film having a thickness of 10 to 30 ⁇ m is preferably used in order to maintain the strength of the photosensitive resin laminate.
- the support film may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure in which resin layers formed from a plurality of compositions are laminated.
- a multilayer structure there may be an antistatic layer.
- a resin layer containing fine particles is formed on one side A, and fine particles are formed on the other side B in the same manner as (1) surface A.
- (2) contains a smaller amount of fine particles than the surface A
- (3) contains fine particles finer than the surface A
- (4) does not contain fine particles.
- the protective layer used in the photosensitive resin laminate is that the adhesion with the photosensitive resin layer is sufficiently smaller than that of the holding layer and can be easily peeled off.
- a polyethylene film or a polypropylene film can be preferably used as the protective layer.
- a film having excellent releasability disclosed in JP-A-59-202457 can be used.
- the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- a gel called fish eye on the surface of the polyethylene film.
- the fish eyes may be transferred to the photosensitive resin layer.
- the fish eye is transferred to the photosensitive resin layer, air may be entrained during lamination to form voids, leading to a defect in the resist pattern.
- stretched polypropylene is preferred as the material for the protective layer.
- Alpha E-200A manufactured by Oji Paper Co., Ltd. can be mentioned.
- the thickness of the photosensitive resin layer in the photosensitive resin laminate varies depending on the application, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 5 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m, and most preferably 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the photosensitive resin composition used for the photosensitive resin layer is mixed with a solvent that dissolves the photosensitive resin composition to form a uniform solution, first applied onto the support layer using a bar coater or roll coater, and then dried to form the solvent. By removing, a photosensitive resin layer made of a photosensitive resin composition can be laminated on the support layer. Then, if necessary, a photosensitive resin laminate can be produced by laminating a protective layer on the photosensitive resin layer.
- the photosensitive resin composition preferably includes (A) an alkali-soluble polymer, (B) a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, and (C) a photopolymerization initiator.
- the photosensitive resin composition comprises (A) an alkali-soluble polymer: 10% by mass to 90% by mass; (B) a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, based on the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition. : 5 mass% to 70 mass%; and (C) Photopolymerization initiator: 0.01 mass% to 20 mass% is preferably included.
- each component will be described in order.
- the (A) alkali-soluble polymer includes a polymer that is easily soluble in an alkaline substance. More specifically, the amount of carboxyl groups contained in (A) the alkali-soluble polymer is from 100 to 600, preferably from 250 to 450, as an acid equivalent.
- the acid equivalent means the mass (unit: gram) of a polymer having 1 equivalent of a carboxyl group in the molecule.
- the carboxyl group in the alkali-soluble polymer is necessary for giving the photosensitive resin layer developability and releasability with respect to an aqueous alkali solution.
- the acid equivalent is a value measured by a potentiometric titration method using a potentiometric titrator and titrating with a 0.1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution.
- the weight average molecular weight of the alkali-soluble polymer is preferably 5,000 to 500,000.
- a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or less is preferable from the viewpoint of improving resolution and developability.
- the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 100,000 or less, still more preferably 60,000 or less, and particularly preferably 50,000 or less.
- setting the weight average molecular weight to 5,000 or more is a viewpoint for controlling the properties of the development aggregate and the properties of the unexposed film such as the edge fuse property and the cut chip property when the photosensitive resin laminate is used.
- the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 10,000 or more, and further preferably 20,000 or more.
- the edge fuse property refers to the degree of ease of protrusion of the photosensitive resin layer (that is, the layer made of the photosensitive resin composition) from the end surface of the roll when the photosensitive resin laminate is wound into a roll.
- Cut chip property refers to the degree of ease of chip flying when an unexposed film is cut with a cutter. If this chip adheres to the upper surface of the photosensitive resin laminate, it is transferred to a mask in a later exposure process or the like, causing defective products.
- the degree of dispersion of the alkali-soluble polymer is preferably 1.0 to 6.0, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0, and more preferably 1.0 to 4.0. More preferably, it is 1.0 to 3.0.
- the photosensitive resin composition has an aromatic hydrocarbon group as an alkali-soluble polymer (A) from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in line width and the resolution when the focal position at the time of exposure shifts.
- the monomer component is included.
- examples of such an aromatic hydrocarbon group include a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.
- the content ratio of the monomer component having an aromatic hydrocarbon group in the (A) alkali-soluble polymer is preferably 20% by mass or more based on the total mass of all monomer components, and is 40% by mass.
- the content rate of the monomer component which has an aromatic hydrocarbon group in the case of containing multiple types of (A) alkali-soluble polymer was calculated
- Examples of the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group include a monomer having an aralkyl group, styrene, and a polymerizable styrene derivative (for example, methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, tert-butoxystyrene, acetoxystyrene, 4-vinyl). Benzoic acid, styrene dimer, styrene trimer, etc.). Among them, a monomer having an aralkyl group or styrene is preferable.
- Examples of the aralkyl group include a substituted or unsubstituted phenylalkyl group (excluding benzyl group), a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, and the like, and a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group is preferable.
- Examples of the comonomer having a phenylalkyl group include phenylethyl (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the comonomer having a benzyl group include (meth) acrylates having a benzyl group, such as benzyl (meth) acrylate, chlorobenzyl (meth) acrylate, etc .; vinyl monomers having a benzyl group, such as vinylbenzyl chloride, vinylbenzyl alcohol, etc. Is mentioned. Of these, benzyl (meth) acrylate is preferred.
- the (A) alkali-soluble polymer containing a monomer component having an aromatic hydrocarbon group includes at least one of a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group and a first monomer described below and / or It is preferably obtained by polymerizing at least one second monomer described below.
- the (A) alkali-soluble polymer not containing a monomer component having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably obtained by polymerizing at least one of the first monomers described below. More preferably, it is obtained by copolymerizing at least one monomer and at least one second monomer described below.
- the first monomer is a monomer having a carboxyl group in the molecule.
- Examples of the first monomer include (meth) acrylic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid half ester, and the like.
- (meth) acrylic acid is preferable.
- (meth) acrylic acid means acrylic acid or methacrylic acid
- (meth) acryloyl group means acryloyl group or methacryloyl group
- the copolymerization ratio of the first monomer is preferably 10 to 50% by mass based on the total mass of all monomer components. Setting the copolymerization ratio to 10% by mass or more is preferable from the viewpoint of developing good developability and controlling the edge fuse property, more preferably 15% by mass or more, and further preferably 20% by mass or more. . Setting the copolymerization ratio to 50% by mass or less is preferable from the viewpoint of the high resolution and sword shape of the resist pattern, and further from the viewpoint of chemical resistance of the resist pattern. In these viewpoints, 35% by mass. The following is more preferable, 30% by mass or less is further preferable, and 27% by mass or less is particularly preferable.
- the second monomer is a monomer that is non-acidic and has at least one polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule.
- Examples of the second monomer include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, and isobutyl (meth) acrylate.
- the monomer which has an aralkyl group, and / or styrene as a monomer from a viewpoint of suppressing the line
- a copolymer containing methacrylic acid, benzyl methacrylate, and styrene a copolymer containing methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, and styrene are preferable.
- the alkali-soluble polymer can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- two types of alkali-soluble polymers containing a monomer component having an aromatic hydrocarbon group are used in combination, or a monomer component having an aromatic hydrocarbon group
- a mixture of an alkali-soluble polymer containing alkenyl and an alkali-soluble polymer not containing a monomer component having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferable to use a mixture of an alkali-soluble polymer containing alkenyl and an alkali-soluble polymer not containing a monomer component having an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the proportion of the alkali-soluble polymer containing the monomer component having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 50% by mass or more based on the total amount of the (A) alkali-soluble polymer. More preferably, it is 80 mass% or more, and it is more preferable that it is 90 mass% or more.
- the synthesis of the alkali-soluble polymer is carried out by diluting one or more monomers described above with a solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isopropanol, etc., and adding benzoyl peroxide, azoisobutyronitrile, etc. It is preferable to carry out by adding an appropriate amount of a radical polymerization initiator and stirring with heating. In some cases, the synthesis is performed while a part of the mixture is dropped into the reaction solution. After completion of the reaction, a solvent may be further added to adjust to a desired concentration. As synthesis means, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, or emulsion polymerization may be used in addition to solution polymerization.
- Weight average Tg total glass transition temperature Tg of the (A) alkali-soluble polymer is preferably at 30 ° C. or higher 135 ° C. or less. Tg total is calculated by the method described in Examples described later. In the photosensitive resin composition, by using the (A) alkali-soluble polymer having a Tg total of 135 ° C. or lower, it is possible to suppress the increase in the line width and the deterioration of the resolution when the focal position at the time of exposure shifts. it can. From this viewpoint, the Tg total of the (A) alkali-soluble polymer is more preferably 120 ° C. or less, further preferably 115 ° C. or less, more preferably 110 ° C. or less, and 105 ° C. or less.
- the Tg total of the (A) alkali-soluble polymer is more preferably 40 ° C. or higher, further preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 60 ° C. or higher.
- the ratio of the alkali-soluble polymer to the total solid mass of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably in the range of 10% by mass to 90% by mass, more preferably 30% by mass to 70% by mass, More preferably, it is 40% by mass to 60% by mass. Setting the ratio of (A) the alkali-soluble polymer to the photosensitive resin composition to 90% by mass or less is preferable from the viewpoint of controlling the development time. On the other hand, it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving edge fuse resistance that the ratio of (A) the alkali-soluble polymer to the photosensitive resin composition be 10% by mass or more.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond preferably contains a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group in the molecule from the viewpoint of curability and compatibility with (A) an alkali-soluble polymer.
- the number of (meth) acryloyl groups in a compound should just be one or more.
- the (B) compound having one (meth) acryloyl group for example, a compound obtained by adding (meth) acrylic acid to one end of polyalkylene oxide, or (meth) acrylic at one end of polyalkylene oxide
- a compound in which an acid is added and the other end is alkyl etherified or allyl etherified, a phthalic acid compound, and the like can be mentioned, which is preferable from the viewpoint of peelability and cured film flexibility.
- 4-normal nonyl phenoxy pentae which is a (meth) acrylate of a compound obtained by adding polyethylene glycol with 4-normal nonylphenoxyoctaethylene glycol (meth) acrylate (for example, Toagosei Co., Ltd.) which is an acrylate of
- Examples of the compound having two (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule include, for example, a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group at both ends of an alkylene oxide chain, or an alkylene in which an ethylene oxide chain and a propylene oxide chain are bonded randomly or in blocks. Examples thereof include compounds having (meth) acryloyl groups at both ends of the oxide chain.
- Examples of such a compound include tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexaethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, heptaethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, octaethylene glycol di (Poly (ethylene glycol) (meth) acrylates such as (meth) acrylate, nonaethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, decaethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and compounds having (meth) acryloyl groups at both ends of 12 moles of ethylene oxide chain Polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polybutylene glycol di (meth) acrylate and the like can be mentioned.
- polyalkylene oxide di (meth) acrylate compounds containing ethylene oxide groups and propylene oxide groups in the compound for example, an average of 3 mol of ethylene oxide is further added to both ends of polypropylene glycol to which an average of 12 mol of propylene oxide is added.
- a compound having (meth) acryloyl groups at both ends by modifying alkylene oxide with bisphenol A has improved resolution and adhesion. From the viewpoint, it is preferable.
- R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- A is C 2 H 4
- B is C 3 H 6
- n1 and n3 are each independently 1 to 39
- N1 + n3 is an integer of 2 to 40
- n2 and n4 are each independently an integer of 0 to 29, and n2 + n4 is an integer of 0 to 30, and-(AO)-and-
- the arrangement of the (BO) — repeating unit may be random or block. In the case of a block, either — (A—O) — or — (B—O) — may be on the bisphenyl group side. ⁇
- the compound represented by these can be used.
- polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate having an average of 5 moles of ethylene oxide added to both ends of bisphenol A and polyethylene glycol having an average of 2 moles of ethylene oxide added to both ends of bisphenol A, respectively.
- polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate having an average of 1 mole of ethylene oxide added to both ends of dimethacrylate and bisphenol A is preferable.
- hetero atom examples include a halogen atom
- substituent examples include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and a phenacyl group.
- substituents may form a condensed ring, or a hydrogen atom in these substituents may be substituted with a hetero atom such as a halogen atom.
- the aromatic ring in the general formula (I) has a plurality of substituents, the plurality of substituents may be the same or different.
- the compound having 3 or more (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule has at least 3 moles of a group capable of adding an alkylene oxide group in the molecule as a central skeleton, and includes an ethyleneoxy group, a propyleneoxy group, It can be obtained by using (meth) acrylate as an alcohol obtained by adding an alkyleneoxy group such as a butyleneoxy group.
- examples of the compound that can be a central skeleton include glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and isocyanurate rings.
- These compounds include tri (meth) acrylates such as ethoxylated glycerin tri (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated isocyanuric acid tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate (eg Trimethacrylate obtained by adding an average of 21 moles of ethylene oxide to trimethylolpropane and trimethacrylate obtained by adding an average of 30 moles of ethylene oxide to trimethylolpropane are preferable from the viewpoints of flexibility, adhesion, and bleedout suppression), etc .; (Meth) acrylates such as ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate ; Penta (meth) acrylate, for example, dip
- a compound having 3 or more (meth) acryloyl groups is preferable from the viewpoint of resolution, adhesion, and resist shape, and more preferably a compound having 3 or more methacryl groups.
- the tetra (meth) acrylate pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate is preferable.
- the pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate may be tetra (meth) acrylate in which 1 to 40 moles of alkylene oxide is added to the four terminals of pentaerythritol.
- Hexa (meth) acrylate is hexa (meth) acrylate in which 1 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide is added to 6 terminals of dipentaerythritol, and 1 to 20 moles of ⁇ in total at 6 terminals of dipentaerythritol.
- -Hexa (meth) acrylate with added caprolactone is preferred.
- the (meth) acrylate compounds described above can be used independently or in combination.
- the photosensitive resin composition may also contain other compounds as the compound (B) having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- Other compounds include urethane-bonded (meth) acrylates, compounds obtained by reacting polyhydric alcohols with ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids, and glycidyl group-containing compounds with ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids. And a compound obtained by the reaction, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, and the like.
- the ratio of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 5% by mass to 70% by mass. Setting this ratio to 5% by mass or more is preferable from the viewpoints of sensitivity, resolution, and adhesion. This ratio is more preferably 20% by mass or more, and further preferably 30% by mass or more. On the other hand, setting this ratio to 70% by mass or less is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the delay of peeling of the edge fuse and the cured resist. More preferably, this ratio is 50% by mass or less.
- a photopolymerization initiator is a compound that polymerizes a monomer by light.
- the photosensitive resin composition contains (C) a compound generally known in the art as a photopolymerization initiator.
- the total content of the photopolymerization initiator (C) in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, and still more preferably 0.1% by mass. % To 7% by mass, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1% to 6% by mass.
- the total content of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.01% by mass or more from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient sensitivity, and sufficiently transmits light to the bottom surface of the resist to provide good high resolution. It is preferable that it is 20 mass% or less from a viewpoint of obtaining.
- Photopolymerization initiators include quinones, aromatic ketones, acetophenones, acylphosphine oxides, benzoin or benzoin ethers, dialkyl ketals, thioxanthones, dialkylaminobenzoic acid esters, oxime esters
- Acridines for example, 9-phenylacridine, bisacridinylheptane, 9- (p-methylphenyl) acridine, 9- (m-methylphenyl) acridine are preferred in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and adhesion).
- hexaarylbiimidazole, pyrazoline compounds, anthracene compounds for example, 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene and 9,10-diethoxyanthracene are preferable in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and adhesion
- coumarin compounds for example, 7-diethylamino-4-methyl Coumarin is preferred in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and adhesion
- N-aryl amino acids or ester compounds thereof eg, N-phenylglycine is preferred in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and adhesion
- halogen compounds eg, Tribromomethylphenylsulfone
- 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, 2-methyl-1- (4-methylthiophenyl) -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzo Ir-diphenyl-phosphine oxide and triphenylphosphine oxide may be used.
- aromatic ketones examples include benzophenone, Michler's ketone [4,4′-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone], 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 4-methoxy-4′-dimethylaminobenzophenone. Can do. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of transmittance, the content of aromatic ketones in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.01% by mass to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.02% by mass to 0.3%. It is in the range of mass%.
- hexaarylbiimidazole examples include 2- (o-chlorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylbiimidazole, 2,2 ′, 5-tris- (o-chlorophenyl) -4- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) -4 ', 5'-diphenylbiimidazole, 2,4-bis- (o-chlorophenyl) -5- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) -diphenylbiimidazole, 2,4,5-tris- (o-chlorophenyl) ) -Diphenylbiimidazole, 2- (o-chlorophenyl) -bis-4,5- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) -biimidazole, 2,2′-bis- (2-fluorophenyl) -4,4 ′ , 5,5'-tetrakis- (3-methoxyphenyl) -biimid
- the content of the hexaarylbisimidazole compound in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.05% by mass to 7% by mass from the viewpoint of improving the peeling characteristics and / or sensitivity of the photosensitive resin layer. %, More preferably in the range of 0.1% to 6% by weight, still more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight.
- the photosensitive resin composition preferably also contains a pyrazoline compound as a photosensitizer.
- the pyrazoline compound include 1-phenyl-3- (4-tert-butyl-styryl) -5- (4-tert-butyl-phenyl) -pyrazoline, 1- (4- (benzoxazol-2-yl) Phenyl) -3- (4-tert-butyl-styryl) -5- (4-tert-butyl-phenyl) -pyrazoline, 1-phenyl-3- (4-biphenyl) -5- (4-tert-butyl- Phenyl) -pyrazoline, 1-phenyl-3- (4-biphenyl) -5- (4-tert-octyl-phenyl) -pyrazoline, 1-phenyl-3- (4-isopropylstyryl) -5
- the content of the photosensitizer in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.05% by mass to 5% by mass from the viewpoint of improving the peeling property and / or sensitivity of the photosensitive resin layer. More preferably, it is within the range of 0.1% by mass to 3% by mass.
- the photosensitive resin composition further contains (D) phenol derivative.
- the phenol derivative (p) include p-methoxyphenol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, tert-butylcatechol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6- tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, , 5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), bis (2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl) methane, triethylene glycol -Bis [3- (3-tert-but)
- (D) It is preferable to contain a phenol derivative from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in line width and a deterioration in resolution when the focal position at the time of exposure shifts, and hindered phenol or biphenol is preferable from the same viewpoint. From the same viewpoint, the (D) phenol derivative preferably has two or more phenol nuclei.
- the ratio of the phenol derivative to the total solid mass of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass.
- This ratio is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, and preferably 0.005% by mass or more from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in line width and a deterioration in resolution when the focal position during exposure is shifted.
- this ratio is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of little reduction in sensitivity and improvement in resolution. Is more preferably 2% by mass or less, and most preferably 1.5% by mass or less.
- the photosensitive resin composition may contain additives such as dyes, plasticizers, antioxidants, and stabilizers as desired.
- additives listed in JP2013-156369A may be used.
- the photosensitive resin composition may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of dyes (for example, leuco dyes, fluoran dyes, etc.) and coloring substances, if desired.
- the coloring substance examples include fuchsin, phthalocyanine green, auramine base, paramadienta, crystal violet, methyl orange, Nile blue 2B, Victoria blue, malachite green (for example, Eisen (registered trademark) MALACHITE GREEN manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), Examples thereof include Basic Blue 20 and Diamond Green (for example, Eizen (registered trademark) DIAMOND GREEN GH manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the content of the coloring substance in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.001% by mass to 1% by mass when the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is 100% by mass.
- the content of 0.001% by mass or more is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the handleability of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the photosensitive resin composition is preferable in terms of visibility because the exposed portion develops color by containing a dye, and when the inspection machine reads the alignment marker for exposure, the exposed portion and the unexposed portion
- Preferred dyes from this viewpoint include leuco dyes and fluoran dyes.
- the leuco dye include tris (4-dimethylaminophenyl) methane [leuco crystal violet], bis (4-dimethylaminophenyl) phenylmethane [leucomalachite green], and the like.
- leuco crystal violet it is preferable to use leuco crystal violet as the leuco dye.
- the content of the leuco dye in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total solid mass of the photosensitive resin composition. Setting this content to 0.1% by mass or more is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the contrast between the exposed portion and the unexposed portion. This content is more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.4% by mass or more. On the other hand, the content is preferably 10% by mass or less from the viewpoint of maintaining storage stability. The content is more preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the content of the halogen compound in the photosensitive resin composition is 0.01 mass when the total solid content mass of the photosensitive resin composition is 100 mass%. % To 3% by mass is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining the storage stability of the hue in the photosensitive layer.
- the photosensitive resin composition further contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of radical polymerization inhibitors, benzotriazoles, and carboxybenzotriazoles, in order to improve thermal stability and storage stability. Also good.
- radical polymerization inhibitors include naphthylamine, cuprous chloride, nitrosophenylhydroxyamine aluminum salt, diphenylnitrosamine and the like. In order not to impair the sensitivity of the photosensitive resin composition, a nitrosophenylhydroxyamine aluminum salt is preferred.
- benzotriazoles include 1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazole, bis (N-2-ethylhexyl) aminomethylene-1,2,3-benzotriazole, Examples thereof include bis (N-2-ethylhexyl) aminomethylene-1,2,3-tolyltriazole, bis (N-2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylene-1,2,3-benzotriazole.
- carboxybenzotriazoles include 4-carboxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 5-carboxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole, and N- (N, N-di-2-ethylhexyl) aminomethylene.
- Examples thereof include carboxybenzotriazole, N- (N, N-di-2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylenecarboxybenzotriazole, N- (N, N-di-2-ethylhexyl) aminoethylenecarboxybenzotriazole and the like.
- the total content of the radical polymerization inhibitor, benzotriazoles, and carboxybenzotriazoles is preferably 0.01% by mass to 100% by mass when the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is 100% by mass. It is 3% by mass, and more preferably 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass.
- the content of 0.01% by mass or more is preferable from the viewpoint of imparting storage stability to the photosensitive resin composition.
- the content of 3% by mass or less is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining sensitivity and suppressing dye decolorization.
- the decolorization of the dye can be measured by the transmittance at a wavelength of 630 nm. A high transmittance at a wavelength of 630 nm indicates that the dye is decolorized.
- the transmittance of the laminate of the support film and the photosensitive resin composition layer at a wavelength of 630 nm is preferably 80% or less, preferably 78% or less, preferably 75% or less, and 72% or less. Preferably, it is 70% or less, preferably 68% or less, preferably 65% or less, preferably 62% or less, preferably 60% or less, It is preferably 58% or less, preferably 55% or less, preferably 52% or less, and preferably 50% or less.
- This transmittance is the transmittance of the laminate of the support film and the photosensitive resin composition layer, and does not include the protective layer.
- the photosensitive resin composition may further contain epoxy compounds of bisphenol A.
- bisphenol A epoxy compounds include compounds obtained by modifying bisphenol A with polypropylene glycol and epoxidizing the ends.
- the photosensitive resin composition may further contain a plasticizer.
- plasticizer examples include phthalic acid esters (eg, diethyl flate), o-toluenesulfonic acid amide, p-toluenesulfonic acid amide, tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl citrate tri -N-propyl, tri-n-butyl acetyl citrate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol alkyl ether, polypropylene glycol alkyl ether and the like.
- phthalic acid esters eg, diethyl flate
- o-toluenesulfonic acid amide examples include tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl citrate tri -N-propyl, tri-n-butyl acetyl citrate, polyethylene glycol, polyprop
- Adecanol SDX-1569, Adecanol SDX-1570, Adecanol SDX-1571, Adecanol SDX-479 (manufactured by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd.), New Pole BP-23P, New Pole BP-3P, New Pole BP-5P, New Pole Pole BPE-20T, New Pole BPE-60, New Pole BPE-100, New Pole BPE-180 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.), Unior DB-400, Unior DAB-800, Unior DA-350F, Unior DA- Examples thereof include compounds having a bisphenol skeleton such as 400, Uniol DA-700 (manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.), BA-P4U glycol, BA-P8 glycol (manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.).
- the content of the plasticizer in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 1% by mass to 50% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass to 30% by mass with respect to the total solid content mass of the photosensitive resin composition. It is. Setting the content to 1% by mass or more is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing delay in development time and imparting flexibility to the cured film. On the other hand, setting the content to 50% by mass or less is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing insufficient curing and cold flow.
- the water content in the photosensitive resin composition is 0.7% or less based on the photosensitive resin composition after applying the photosensitive resin composition preparation liquid to the support film and drying. Is preferred.
- the water content in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.65% or less, preferably 0.6% or less, preferably 0.55% or less, and 0.5% or less. It is preferably 0.45% or less, preferably 0.4% or less, preferably 0.35% or less, preferably 0.3% or less, and It is preferably 25% or less, and preferably 0.2% or less.
- the photosensitive resin composition can be dissolved in a solvent and used in the production of a photosensitive resin laminate in the form of a photosensitive resin composition preparation.
- the solvent include ketones and alcohols.
- the ketones are typified by methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and acetone.
- the alcohols are typified by methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.
- the solvent is photosensitive in such an amount that the viscosity at 25 ° C. of the photosensitive resin composition preparation applied on the support layer is 500 mPa ⁇ s to 4,000 mPa ⁇ s. It is preferable to add to the resin composition.
- the method includes a lamination step of laminating a photosensitive resin laminate on a substrate, an exposure step of exposing a photosensitive resin layer of the photosensitive resin laminate, and a development step of developing and removing unexposed portions of the photosensitive resin layer Can be included.
- resist patterns include printed wiring boards, semiconductor elements, printing plates, liquid crystal display panels, flexible substrates, lead frame substrates, COF (chip on film) substrates, semiconductor package substrates, liquid crystal transparent electrodes, and liquid crystal TFTs. Patterns for wiring, PDP (plasma display panel) electrodes, and the like.
- a method for manufacturing a printed wiring board will be described as follows.
- a printed wiring board is manufactured through the following steps.
- (1) Laminating process First, in the laminating process, a photosensitive resin layer is formed on a substrate using a laminator. Specifically, when the photosensitive resin laminate has a protective layer, the protective layer is peeled off, and then the photosensitive resin layer is heat-pressed and laminated on the substrate surface with a laminator. Examples of the material of the substrate include copper, stainless steel (SUS), glass, indium tin oxide (ITO), and the like. In the present embodiment, the photosensitive resin layer may be laminated on only one surface of the substrate surface, or may be laminated on both surfaces as necessary. The heating temperature during lamination is generally 40 ° C to 160 ° C.
- substrate of the resist pattern obtained can be improved by performing the thermocompression bonding at the time of lamination twice or more.
- a two-stage laminator provided with two rolls may be used, or the lamination of the substrate and the photosensitive resin layer may be repeated several times and passed through the roll.
- Exposure step In this step, an exposure method using an active light source by closely attaching a mask film having a desired wiring pattern on a support layer, an exposure method by direct drawing of a drawing pattern which is a desired wiring pattern, or The photosensitive resin layer is exposed by an exposure method in which an image of a photomask is projected through a lens.
- the advantages of the photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment are more remarkable in an exposure method by direct drawing of a drawing pattern or an exposure method in which an image of a photomask is projected through a lens, and exposure by direct drawing of a drawing pattern. Particularly noticeable in the method.
- the support layer on the photosensitive resin layer is peeled off, and then the unexposed area is developed and removed using a developer of an alkaline aqueous solution, whereby the resist pattern is formed on the substrate.
- an alkaline aqueous solution an aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 or K 2 CO 3 is used.
- the alkaline aqueous solution is appropriately selected according to the characteristics of the photosensitive resin layer, but an aqueous Na 2 CO 3 solution having a concentration of about 0.2% by mass to about 2% by mass and about 20 ° C. to about 40 ° C. is preferable.
- a resist pattern can be obtained through the above steps (1) to (3). After these steps, a heating step of about 100 ° C.
- heating to about 300 ° C. can be further performed in some cases.
- chemical resistance can be further improved.
- a hot-air, infrared, or far-infrared heating furnace can be used. Moreover, you may implement this heating process after an exposure process.
- the substrate surface exposed by development (for example, the copper surface of a copper-clad laminate) is etched or plated to produce a conductor pattern.
- Stripping process Thereafter, the resist pattern is stripped from the substrate with an aqueous solution having alkalinity stronger than the developer.
- the alkaline aqueous solution for peeling is not particularly limited, but an aqueous solution of NaOH or KOH having a concentration of about 2% by mass to about 5% by mass and a temperature of about 40 to about 70 ° C. is preferable.
- a small amount of a water-soluble solvent can also be added to the stripping solution.
- the photosensitive resin laminate of the present embodiment is a conductive pattern such as a printed wiring board, a flexible substrate, a lead frame substrate, a COF substrate, a semiconductor package substrate, a liquid crystal transparent electrode, a liquid crystal TFT wiring, and a PDP electrode. It is the photosensitive resin laminated body suitable for manufacture of this. Note that the various parameters described above are measured according to a method understood by a person skilled in the art to be equivalent to the measurement method in Examples described later or the same unless otherwise specified.
- the present embodiment will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples.
- the present embodiment is not limited to the following examples unless departing from the gist thereof.
- the physical properties in the examples were measured by the following methods. The measurement of the physical property value of the polymer, the calculation of the glass transition temperature of the polymer, and the method for producing samples for evaluation of Examples and Comparative Examples are described. Moreover, the evaluation method about the obtained sample and its evaluation result are shown.
- the weight average molecular weight or number average molecular weight of the polymer is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) manufactured by JASCO Corporation (pump: Gulliver, PU-1580 type, column: Shodex (registered trademark) manufactured by Showa Denko KK). KF-807, KF-806M, KF-806M, KF-802.5) in series, moving bed solvent: tetrahydrofuran, polystyrene standard sample (use of calibration curve with Shodex STANDARD SM-105 manufactured by Showa Denko KK) It calculated
- an acid equivalent means the mass (gram) of the polymer which has a 1 equivalent carboxyl group in a molecule
- Hiranuma automatic titrator (COM-555) was used, and the acid equivalent was measured by potentiometric titration using a 0.1 mol / L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- the weight average value Tg total of the glass transition temperature Tg of the alkali-soluble polymer is represented by the following formula: ⁇ Wherein W i is the solid weight of each alkali-soluble polymer, T g i is the glass transition temperature determined by the Fox formula of each alkali-soluble polymer, and W total is each alkali-soluble polymer.
- the total solid weight of the polymer, and n is the number of types of alkali-soluble polymer contained in the photosensitive resin composition ⁇ Is the value obtained according to
- Tgi glass transition temperature
- the glass transition temperature of a homopolymer composed of a comonomer that forms the corresponding alkali-soluble polymer is determined by Brandrup, J. et al. Immergut, E .; H.
- the value shown in the edit “Polymer handbook, Third edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1989, p. 209 Chapter VI“ Glass transition temperatures of polymers ” is used.
- Table 3 shows the glass transition temperature of the homopolymer composed of each comonomer used in the calculation in the examples.
- the evaluation sample was prepared as follows. ⁇ Preparation of photosensitive resin laminate>
- the photosensitive resin composition preparation liquid is obtained by sufficiently stirring and mixing the components shown in Table 1 to be described later (however, the numbers of the respective components indicate the blending amount (part by mass) as the solid content) and the solvent. It was.
- the names of the components represented by abbreviations in Table 1 are shown in Table 2 below.
- As a support film a polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 16 ⁇ m shown in Table 1 was prepared. The total number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m contained in each polyethylene terephthalate film was determined by the following method.
- the number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m present in a square piece having a side of 5 mm of a polyethylene terephthalate film was measured over the entire thickness direction using an optical microscope.
- the longest width of the fine particles is taken as the diameter of the fine particles. This measurement was performed at any 10 locations within the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate film, and the average value was calculated.
- the prepared solution was uniformly applied to the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate film and dried in a dryer at 95 ° C. for 2.5 minutes to form a photosensitive resin composition layer.
- the dry thickness of the photosensitive resin composition layer was 25 ⁇ m.
- a 19 ⁇ m-thick polyethylene film (manufactured by Tamapoly Co., Ltd., GF-818) was bonded as a protective layer on the surface of the photosensitive resin composition layer on which the polyethylene terephthalate film was not laminated. Got the body.
- ⁇ Board surface preparation> In Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Example 1, a 0.4 mm-thick copper-clad laminate in which 35 ⁇ m rolled copper foil was laminated was used as an evaluation board for image quality, and a soft etching agent (CPE-900, manufactured by Hishie Chemical Co., Ltd.). Then, the substrate surface was cleaned with 10 mass% H 2 SO 4 .
- ⁇ Laminate> While peeling off the polyethylene film (protective layer) of the photosensitive resin laminate, the photosensitive resin laminate was applied to a copper clad laminate preheated to 60 ° C. using a hot roll laminator (Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., AL-700). Lamination was performed at a roll temperature of 105 ° C. The air pressure was 0.35 MPa, and the laminating speed was 1.5 m / min.
- ⁇ Exposure> With a direct drawing exposure machine (Hitachi Via Mechanics Co., Ltd., DE-1DH, light source: GaN blue-violet diode, main wavelength 405 ⁇ 5 nm), a stove 41 step tablet or a mask pattern for predetermined direct imaging (DI) exposure was exposed under the conditions of an illuminance of 85 mW / cm 2. The exposure was performed with an exposure amount at which the maximum number of remaining film steps when the exposure and development were performed using the stove 41 step tablet as a mask was 14 steps.
- DI direct imaging
- ⁇ Evaluation of line width thickening A> The position of the focal point at the time of exposure was shifted from the polyethylene terephthalate film surface to the inner side of the 400 ⁇ m substrate in the thickness direction of the evaluation substrate. Except this, it was the same as the measurement of the line width (normal) described above. A value obtained by subtracting the above-described line width (normal) from the line width at this time was defined as the value of line width thickening A.
- ⁇ Evaluation of line width thickening B> The position of the focal point at the time of exposure was shifted from the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate film to the inside of the 800 ⁇ m substrate in the thickness direction of the evaluation substrate. Except this, it was the same as the measurement of the line width (normal) described above. A value obtained by subtracting the above-described line width (normal) from the line width at this time is defined as a value of line width thickening B.
- the cured resist pattern there was no residual resist on the unexposed portion of the substrate surface, and the substrate surface was exposed, and there was no protrusion of the resist component from the cured resist, and the minimum diameter of the hole formed normally was evaluated.
- As the resolution value 30 ⁇ m or less was obtained in 2 ⁇ m increments, 30 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less was obtained in 5 ⁇ m increments, and 50 ⁇ m or more was exposed using a drawing pattern obtained in 10 ⁇ m increments. Note that the pattern in which the unexposed portion is a circular hole is a much stricter evaluation than the normal resolution evaluation because the unexposed portion is difficult to be developed because the periphery of the unexposed portion is surrounded by the exposed portion.
- ⁇ Evaluation of resolution B> The focal position at the time of exposure was shifted from the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate film to the inside of the 200 ⁇ m substrate in the thickness direction of the evaluation substrate. Except this, it was the same as the measurement of the resolution A described above, and the resolution B was evaluated.
- ⁇ Evaluation of resolution C> The position of the focal point at the time of exposure was shifted from the polyethylene terephthalate film surface to the inner side of the 400 ⁇ m substrate in the thickness direction of the evaluation substrate. Except this, it was the same as the measurement of the resolution A described above, and the resolution C was evaluated.
- the number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m contained in the small piece of the support film is 0 to 200 on an average of 10 positions.
- the difference, that is, resolution B-resolution A, resolution C-resolution A is suppressed to be smaller than that of Comparative Example 1 in which the number of fine particles is larger than 200, and line width thickening A and line width thickening B are also kept small.
- Example 3 The same photosensitive resin composition as in Example 3 was used, using a 16 ⁇ m thick polyethylene terephthalate film (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., 16QS68) having the same number of fine particles of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m as in Example 3.
- 16QS68 polyethylene terephthalate film
- Example 1 partial peeling of the polyethylene terephthalate film was not observed after lamination to the substrate.
- Example 7 the polyethylene terephthalate film was partially peeled after lamination to the substrate. Observed. If the support film is peeled off from the photosensitive resin composition layer before exposure, oxygen enters between the support film and the photosensitive resin composition layer, and curing of the photosensitive resin composition is possible even if exposure is caused by the oxygen. Defects may occur.
- the support film and the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment in comparison with Examples and Comparative Examples, even when the focus during exposure is deviated, there is little increase in line width and little deterioration in resolution. You can see that it is possible.
- the polyethylene terephthalate film or the photosensitive resin composition when forming a pattern by an etching method or a plating method, the mask line width reproducibility is good even when irregularities and undulations exist on the substrate surface, and the short A high-definition circuit free from problems such as defects, chipping, disconnection, and plating defects can be formed.
- the photosensitive resin laminate of the present invention can suppress the increase in line width and the resolution when the focal position shifts at the time of exposure, exposure due to warpage and distortion of the substrate, setting failure of the exposure apparatus, etc. Even when the position of the focal point deviates from the substrate surface, short circuit problems are prevented when a circuit is formed by an etching method, and problems such as chipping, disconnection, and plating defects are formed when a circuit is formed by a plating method. And a desired circuit width can be obtained. Therefore, the photosensitive resin laminate includes a printed wiring board, a flexible substrate, a lead frame substrate, a COF (chip on film) substrate, a semiconductor package substrate, a liquid crystal transparent electrode, a liquid crystal TFT wiring, a PDP (plasma display). It can be suitably used for the production of conductor patterns such as electrodes for panels).
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Abstract
Description
従って、本発明は、露光時の焦点がずれたときであっても、高解像性及び良好な線幅再現性を発現する感光性樹脂積層体、及びこれを形成するための支持フィルム及び感光性樹脂組成物を提供すること、並びに該感光性樹脂積層体を用いた、レジストパターンの形成方法及び導体パターンの形成方法を提供することを課題とする。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の通りのものである。
[1]
支持フィルムと、該支持フィルム上に形成された感光性樹脂組成物を含む感光性樹脂組成物層と、を備える感光性樹脂積層体であって、前記支持フィルムの任意の10箇所において、一辺5mmの正方形状の小片を切り出したときの、各小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、前記10箇所平均で0~200個である、感光性樹脂積層体。
[2]
前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~200個である、[1]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[3]
前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~100個である、[1]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[4]
前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~50個である、[1]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[5]
前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~20個である、[1]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[6]
前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~10個である、[1]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[7]
前記感光性樹脂組成物が、該感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分質量基準で、以下の成分:
(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子:10質量%~90質量%;
(B)エチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する化合物:5質量%~70質量%;及び
(C)光重合開始剤:0.01質量%~20質量%;
を含む、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[8]
前記(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子の単量体成分が芳香族炭化水素基を有する、[7]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[9]
前記(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子のガラス転移温度Tgの重量平均値Tgtotalが30℃以上135℃以下である、[7]又は[8]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[10]
感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分質量基準で、以下の成分:
(D)フェノール誘導体:0.001質量%~10質量%;
を更に含む、[7]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[11]
前記感光性樹脂組成物中に含まれる水分量が0.7%以下である[1]から[10]のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[12]
前記感光性樹脂組成物中に含まれる水分量が0.6%以下である[11]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[13]
前記感光性樹脂組成物中に含まれる水分量が0.5%以下である[11]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[14]
前記支持フィルムと前記感光性樹脂組成物層の積層体の波長630nmにおける透過率が80%以下である[1]から[13]のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[15]
前記支持フィルムと前記感光性樹脂組成物層の積層体の波長630nmにおける透過率が70%以下である[14]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[16]
前記支持フィルムと前記感光性樹脂組成物層の積層体の波長630nmにおける透過率が60%以下である[14]に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
[17]
以下の工程:
[1]~[16]のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂積層体を基板に積層する積層工程、
該感光性樹脂積層体の感光性樹脂層を露光する露光工程、及び
該感光性樹脂層の未露光部を現像除去する現像工程、を含む、レジストパターンの形成方法。
[18]
前記露光工程を、描画パターンの直接描画による露光方法、又はフォトマスクの像を、レンズを通して投影させる露光方法により行う、[17]に記載のレジストパターンの形成方法。
本発明の感光性樹脂積層体は、支持フィルムと、該支持フィルム上に形成された感光性樹脂組成物を含む感光性樹脂組成物層と、を備える感光性樹脂積層体であって、支持フィルムの任意の10箇所において、一辺5mmの正方形状の小片を切り出したときの各小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で0~200個である、感光性樹脂積層体である。1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子には、直径が1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の一次粒子と、一次粒子の凝集物の直径が1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の一次粒子凝集物が含まれる。尚、一次粒子が完全なる球体ではない場合は、一次粒子の最も長い幅をその一次粒子の径とする。また、一次粒子凝集物が完全なる球体ではない場合は、一次粒子凝集物の最も長い幅をその一次粒子凝集物の径とする。必要により、感光性樹脂積層体は、感光性樹脂層の支持層側とは反対側の表面に保護層を有してもよい。
支持フィルム中の1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数は2個以上であってもよく、3個以上であってもよく、5個以上であってもよく、8個以上であってもよく、10個以上であってもよい。
微粒子は常法に従ってフィルムに配合される。本発明の支持フィルムを製造するには、例えば、樹脂を4.5μm以下の目のフィルターで濾過する等の方法が挙げられる。
支持フィルムとしては、露光時の光散乱を抑制する観点からヘイズ5%以下のものであることが好ましく、2%以下がより好ましく、1.5%以下が更に好ましく、1.0%以下が特に好ましい。同様の観点から、感光層と接する面の表面粗さRaは30nm以下が好ましく、20nm以下がより好ましく、10nm以下が特に好ましい。フィルムの厚みは、薄いほど画像形成性及び経済性を向上させるため有利であるが、感光性樹脂積層体の強度を維持するために、10μm~30μmのものが好ましく用いられる。
感光性樹脂積層体に用いられる保護層の重要な特性は、感光性樹脂層との密着力が持層よりも充分小さく、容易に剥離できることである。例えば、ポリエチレンフィルム又はポリプロピレンフィルムが、保護層として好ましく使用されることができる。また、特開昭59-202457号公報に示された剥離性の優れたフィルムを用いることもできる。保護層の膜厚は10μm~100μmが好ましく、10μm~50μmがより好ましい。
次に、感光性樹脂積層体の製造方法について説明する。
支持層及び感光性樹脂層、並びに必要により保護層を順次積層して感光性樹脂積層体を作製する方法としては、既知の方法を採用することができる。例えば、感光性樹脂層に用いる感光性樹脂組成物を、これを溶解する溶剤と混ぜ合わせ均一な溶液にし、まず支持層上にバーコーター又はロールコーターを用いて塗布し、次いで乾燥して前記溶剤を除去することにより、支持層上に感光性樹脂組成物から成る感光性樹脂層を積層することができる。次いで必要により、感光性樹脂層上に保護層をラミネートすることにより、感光性樹脂積層体を作製することができる。
本実施の形態では、感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子、(B)エチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する化合物、及び(C)光重合開始剤を含むことが好ましい。感光性樹脂組成物は、該感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分質量基準で、(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子:10質量%~90質量%;(B)エチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する化合物:5質量%~70質量%;及び(C)光重合開始剤:0.01質量%~20質量%を含むことが好ましい。以下、各成分を順に説明する。
本開示で、(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子は、アルカリ物質に溶け易い高分子を包含する。より具体的には、(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子に含まれるカルボキシル基の量は、酸当量で100~600であり、好ましくは250~450である。酸当量とは、その分子中に1当量のカルボキシル基を有する重合体の質量(単位:グラム)を言う。(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子中のカルボキシル基は、感光性樹脂層に、アルカリ水溶液に対する現像性及び剥離性を与えるために必要である。酸当量を100以上にすることは、現像耐性、解像性、及び密着性を向上させる観点から好ましい。そして酸当量を250以上にすることがより好ましい。一方で、酸当量を600以下にすることは、現像性及び剥離性を向上させる観点から好ましい。そして酸当量を450以下にすることがより好ましい。本開示で、酸当量は、電位差滴定装置を用い、0.1mol/LのNaOH水溶液で滴定する電位差滴定法により測定される値である。
アラルキル基としては、置換又は非置換のフェニルアルキル基(ベンジル基を除く)や、置換又は非置換のベンジル基等が挙げられ、置換又は非置換のベンジル基が好ましい。
フェニルアルキル基を有するコモノマーとしては、フェニルエチル(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
ベンジル基を有するコモノマーとしては、ベンジル基を有する(メタ)アクリレート、例えば、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、クロロベンジル(メタ)アクリレート等;ベンジル基を有するビニルモノマー、例えば、ビニルベンジルクロライド、ビニルベンジルアルコール等が挙げられる。中でもベンジル(メタ)アクリレートが好ましい。
芳香族炭化水素基を有する単量体成分を含有しない(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子は、後述する第一の単量体の少なくとも1種を重合することにより得られることが好ましく、第一の単量体の少なくとも1種と後述する第二の単量体の少なくとも1種とを共重合することにより得られることがより好ましい。
第一の単量体は、分子中にカルボキシル基を有する単量体である。第一の単量体としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸、フマル酸、ケイ皮酸、クロトン酸、イタコン酸、4-ビニル安息香酸、マレイン酸無水物、マレイン酸半エステル等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、(メタ)アクリル酸が好ましい。
なお、本明細書において「(メタ)アクリル酸」とは、アクリル酸又はメタクリル酸を意味し、「(メタ)アクリロイル基」とは、アクリロイル基又はメタクリロイル基を意味し、かつ「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、「アクリレート」又は「メタクリレート」を意味する。
アラルキル基を有する単量体、及び/又はスチレンを単量体として含有することが、露光時の焦点位置がずれたときの線幅太りや解像度の悪化を抑制する観点から好ましい。例えば、メタクリル酸とベンジルメタクリレートとスチレンを含む共重合体、メタクリル酸とメチルメタクリレートとベンジルメタクリレートとスチレンを含む共重合体等が好ましい。
(B)エチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する化合物は、硬化性及び(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子との相溶性の観点から、分子内に(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物を含むことが好ましい。(B)化合物中の(メタ)アクリロイル基の数は、1個以上であればよい。
(メタ)アクリロイル基を1個有する(B)化合物としては、例えば、ポリアルキレンオキシドの片方の末端に(メタ)アクリル酸を付加した化合物、又は、ポリアルキレンオキシドの片方の末端に(メタ)アクリル酸を付加し、他方の末端をアルキルエーテル化若しくはアリルエーテル化した化合物、フタル酸系化合物等を挙げることができ、剥離性や硬化膜柔軟性の観点で好ましい。
このような化合物としては、例えば、
ポリエチレングリコールをフェニル基に付加した化合物の(メタ)アクリレートであるフェノキシヘキサエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、平均2モルのプロピレンオキサイドを付加したポリプロピレングリコールと、平均7モルのエチレンオキサイドを付加したポリエチレングリコールと、をノニルフェノールに付加した化合物の(メタ)アクリレートである4-ノルマルノニルフェノキシヘプタエチレングリコールジプロピレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、平均1モルのプロピレンオキサイドを付加したポリプロピレングリコールと、平均5モルのエチレンオキサイドを付加したポリエチレングリコールと、をノニルフェノールに付加した化合物の(メタ)アクリレートである4-ノルマルノニルフェノキシペンタエチレングリコールモノプロピレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、平均8モルのエチレンオキサイドを付加したポリエチレングリコールをノニルフェノールに付加した化合物のアクリレートである4-ノルマルノニルフェノキシオクタエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート(例えば東亞合成(株)製、M-114)等が挙げられる。
また、γ-クロロ-β-ヒドロキシプロピル-β'-メタクリロイルオキシエチル-о-フタレートを含むと、上記観点に加えて、感度、解像性、密着性の観点でも好ましい。
このような化合物としては、例えば、テトラエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキサエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ヘプタエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、オクタエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ノナエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、デカエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、12モルのエチレンオキシド鎖の両末端に(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物等のポリエチレングリコ-ル(メタ)アクリレ-ト等の他、ポリプロピレングリコ-ルジ(メタ)アクリレ-ト、ポリブチレングリコ-ルジ(メタ)アクリレ-ト等を挙げることができる。化合物中にエチレンオキシド基とプロピレンオキシド基とを含むポリアルキレンオキシドジ(メタ)アクリレート化合物としては、例えば、平均12モルのプロピレンオキシドを付加したポリプロピレングリコールの両末端にそれぞれ平均3モルのエチレンオキシドを更に付加したグリコールのジメタクリレート、平均18モルのプロピレンオキシドを付加したポリプロピレングリコールの両末端にそれぞれ平均15モルのエチレンオキシドを更に付加したグリコールのジメタクリレート、FA-023M、FA-024M、FA-027M(製品名、日立化成工業製)等が挙げられる。これらは柔軟性、解像性、密着性等の観点で好ましい。
具体的には下記一般式(I):
で表される化合物を使用することができる。
例えば、ビスフェノ-ルAの両端にそれぞれ平均5モルずつのエチレンオキサイドを付加したポリエチレングリコ-ルのジメタクリレ-ト、ビスフェノ-ルAの両端にそれぞれ平均2モルずつのエチレンオキサイドを付加したポリエチレングリコ-ルのジメタクリレ-ト、ビスフェノ-ルAの両端にそれぞれ平均1モルずつのエチレンオキサイドを付加したポリエチレングリコ-ルのジメタクリレ-トが、解像性、密着性の点で好ましい。
また、上記一般式(I)中の芳香環が、ヘテロ原子及び/又は置換基を有する化合物を用いてもよい。
テトラ(メタ)アクリレートとしては、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレートが好ましい。ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレートは、ペンタエリスリトールの4つの末端に合計1~40モルのアルキレンオキサイドが付加されているテトラ(メタ)アクリレート等でよい。
ヘキサ(メタ)アクリレートとしては、ジペンタエリスリトールの6つの末端に合計1~40モルのエチレンオキサイドが付加されているヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールの6つの末端に合計1~20モルのε-カプロラクトンが付加されているヘキサ(メタ)アクリレートが好ましい。
(B)エチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する化合物の感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分質量に対する割合は、好ましくは5質量%~70質量%である。この割合を5質量%以上にすることは、感度、解像性及び密着性の観点から好ましい。この割合を20質量%以上にすることがより好ましく、30質量%以上にすることが更に好ましい。一方で、この割合を70質量%以下にすることは、エッジフューズ及び硬化レジストの剥離遅延を抑えるという観点から好ましい。この割合を50質量%以下にすることがより好ましい。
(C)光重合開始剤は、光によりモノマーを重合させる化合物である。感光性樹脂組成物は、(C)光重合開始剤として本技術分野において一般に知られている化合物を含む。
感光性樹脂組成物中の(C)光重合開始剤の総含有量は、好ましくは0.01~20質量%、より好ましくは0.05質量%~10質量%、さらに好ましくは0.1質量%~7質量%、特に好ましくは0.1質量%~6質量%の範囲内である。(C)光重合開始剤の総含有量は、十分な感度を得るという観点から0.01質量%以上であることが好ましく、レジスト底面まで光を充分に透過させて、良好な高解像性を得るという観点から20質量%以下であることが好ましい。
本実施形態では、感光性樹脂組成物中のヘキサアリールビスイミダゾール化合物の含有量は、感光性樹脂層の剥離特性及び/又は感度を向上させるという観点から、好ましくは0.05質量%~7質量%、より好ましくは0.1質量%~6質量%、さらに好ましくは1質量%~5質量%の範囲内である。
ピラゾリン化合物としては、例えば、1-フェニル-3-(4-tert-ブチル-スチリル)-5-(4-tert-ブチル-フェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-(4-(ベンゾオキサゾール-2-イル)フェニル)-3-(4-tert-ブチル-スチリル)-5-(4-tert-ブチル-フェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(4-ビフェニル)-5-(4-tert-ブチル-フェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(4-ビフェニル)-5-(4-tert-オクチル-フェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(4-イソプロピルスチリル)-5-(4-イソプロピルフェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(4-メトキシスチリル)-5-(4-メトキシフェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(3,5-ジメトキシスチリル)-5-(3,5-ジメトキシフェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(3,4-ジメトキシスチリル)-5-(3,4-ジメトキシフェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(2,6-ジメトキシスチリル)-5-(2,6-ジメトキシフェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(2,5-ジメトキシスチリル)-5-(2,5-ジメトキシフェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(2,3-ジメトキシスチリル)-5-(2,3-ジメトキシフェニル)-ピラゾリン、1-フェニル-3-(2,4-ジメトキシスチリル)-5-(2,4-ジメトキシフェニル)-ピラゾリン等が上記の観点から好ましく、挙げられる。これらの中でも、1-フェニル-3-(4-ビフェニル)-5-(4-tert-ブチル-フェニル)-ピラゾリンがより好ましい。
本実施の形態では、感光性樹脂組成物は(D)フェノール誘導体を更に含むことが好ましい。(D)フェノール誘導体としては例えば、p-メトキシフェノール、ハイドロキノン、ピロガロール、tert-ブチルカテコール、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-エチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,5-ジ-tert-アミルヒドロキノン、2,5-ジ-tert-ブチルヒドロキノン、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、ビス(2-ヒドロキシ-3-t-ブチル-5-エチルフェニル)メタン、トリエチレングリコール-ビス[3-(3-t-ブチル-5-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、1,6-ヘキサンジオール-ビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、ペンタエリスリチル・テトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、2,2-チオ-ジエチレンビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、N,N’-ヘキサメチレンビス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-ヒドロシンナマミド)、3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジルフォスフォネート-ジエチルエステル、1,3,5-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)ベンゼン、トリス-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)-イソシアヌレート、4,4’-チオビス(6-tert-ブチル-m-クレゾール)、4,4’-ブチリデンビス(3-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、1,1,3-トリス(2-メチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-tert-ブチルフェニル)ブタン、スチレン化フェノール(例えば川口化学工業(株)製、アンテージSP)、トリベンジルフェノール(例えば川口化学工業(株)製、TBP、ベンジル基を1~3個有するフェノール)、ビフェノール等が挙げられる。(D)フェノール誘導体を含有することは露光時の焦点位置がずれたときの線幅太りや解像度の悪化を抑制することができる観点で好ましく、同様の観点からヒンダードフェノールまたはビフェノールが好ましい。また、同様の観点から、(D)フェノール誘導体はフェノール核を2核以上有していることが好ましい。
感光性樹脂組成物は、所望により、染料、可塑剤、酸化防止剤、安定化剤等の添加剤を含んでよい。例えば、特開2013-156369号公報に列挙されている添加剤を使用してよい。
(染料及び着色物質)
本実施の形態では、感光性樹脂組成物は、所望により、染料(例えばロイコ染料、フルオラン染料等)及び着色物質から成る群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を更に含有してもよい。
着色物質としては、例えば、フクシン、フタロシアニングリーン、オーラミン塩基、パラマジエンタ、クリスタルバイオレット、メチルオレンジ、ナイルブルー2B、ビクトリアブルー、マラカイトグリーン(例えば、保土ヶ谷化学(株)製 アイゼン(登録商標) MALACHITE GREEN)、ベイシックブルー20、ダイアモンドグリーン(例えば保土ヶ谷化学(株)製 アイゼン(登録商標) DIAMOND GREEN GH)が挙げられる。感光性樹脂組成物中の着色物質の含有量は、感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分質量を100質量%としたとき、0.001質量%~1質量%であることが好ましい。該含有量を0.001質量%以上にすることは、感光性樹脂組成物の取扱い性を向上させるという観点から好ましい。一方で、該含有量を1質量%以下にすることは、感光性樹脂組成物の保存安定性を維持するという観点から好ましい。
ロイコ染料としては、トリス(4-ジメチルアミノフェニル)メタン[ロイコクリスタルバイオレット]、ビス(4-ジメチルアミノフェニル)フェニルメタン[ロイコマラカイトグリーン]等が挙げられる。とりわけ、コントラストが良好となる観点から、ロイコ染料としては、ロイコクリスタルバイオレットを用いることが好ましい。感光性樹脂組成物中のロイコ染料の含有量は、感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分質量に対して0.1質量%~10質量%であることが好ましい。この含有量を0.1質量%以上にすることは、露光部分と未露光部分とのコントラストを良好にする観点から好ましい。この含有量は、0.2質量%以上にすることがより好ましく、0.4質量%以上にすることが特に好ましい。一方で、この含有量を10質量%以下にすることが保存安定性を維持するという観点から好ましい。この含有量は、5質量%以下にすることがより好ましく、2質量%以下にすることが特に好ましい。
感光性樹脂組成物は、熱安定性及び保存安定性を向上させるために、ラジカル重合禁止剤、ベンゾトリアゾール類、及びカルボキシベンゾトリアゾール類から成る群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を更に含有してもよい。
ラジカル重合禁止剤としては、例えば、ナフチルアミン、塩化第一銅、ニトロソフェニルヒドロキシアミンアルミニウム塩、ジフェニルニトロソアミン等が挙げられる。感光性樹脂組成物の感度を損なわないために、ニトロソフェニルヒドロキシアミンアルミニウム塩が好ましい。
ベンゾトリアゾール類としては、例えば、1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、1-クロロ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、ビス(N-2-エチルヘキシル)アミノメチレン-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、ビス(N-2-エチルヘキシル)アミノメチレン-1,2,3-トリルトリアゾール、ビス(N-2-ヒドロキシエチル)アミノメチレン-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール等が挙げられる。
カルボキシベンゾトリアゾール類としては、例えば、4-カルボキシ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、5-カルボキシ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、N-(N,N-ジ-2-エチルヘキシル)アミノメチレンカルボキシベンゾトリアゾール、N-(N,N-ジ-2-ヒドロキシエチル)アミノメチレンカルボキシベンゾトリアゾール、N-(N,N-ジ-2-エチルヘキシル)アミノエチレンカルボキシベンゾトリアゾール等が挙げられる。
染料の脱色は波長630nmの透過率で測定することが可能である。波長630nmの透過率が高いことは染料が脱色されていることを示す。支持フィルムと感光性樹脂組成物層の積層体の波長630nmにおける透過率は80%以下であることが好ましく、78%以下であることが好ましく、75%以下であることが好ましく、72%以下であることが好ましく、70%以下であることが好ましく、68%以下であることが好ましく、65%以下であることが好ましく、62%以下であることが好ましく、60%以下であることが好ましく、58%以下であることが好ましく、55%以下であることが好ましく、52%以下であることが好ましく、50%以下であることが好ましい。この透過率は支持フィルムと感光性樹脂組成物層の積層体の透過率であり、保護層は含まれない。
本実施の形態では、感光性樹脂組成物は、可塑剤を更に含有してもよい。可塑剤としては、例えば、フタル酸エステル類(例えば、ジエチルフレート等)、o-トルエンスルホン酸アミド、p-トルエンスルホン酸アミド、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸トリエチル、アセチルクエン酸トリエチル、アセチルクエン酸トリ-n-プロピル、アセチルクエン酸トリ-n-ブチル、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコールアルキルエ-テル、ポリプロプレンレングリコールアルキルエーテル等が挙げられる。また、アデカノールSDX-1569、アデカノールSDX-1570、アデカノールSDX-1571、アデカノールSDX-479(以上旭電化(株)製)、ニューポールBP-23P、ニューポールBP-3P、ニューポールBP-5P、ニューポールBPE-20T、ニューポールBPE-60、ニューポールBPE-100、ニューポールBPE-180(以上三洋化成(株)製)、ユニオールDB-400、ユニオールDAB-800、ユニオールDA-350F、ユニオールDA-400、ユニオールDA-700 (以上日本油脂(株)製)、BA-P4Uグリコール、BA-P8グリコール(以上日本乳化剤(株)製)等のビスフェノール骨格を有する化合物も挙げられる。
感光性樹脂組成物は、溶剤に溶解させて感光性樹脂組成物調合液の形態で、感光性樹脂積層体の製造に使用できる。溶剤としては、ケトン類、アルコール類等が挙げられる。前記ケトン類は、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)、アセトンに代表される。前記アルコール類は、メタノール、エタノール、及びイソプロパノールに代表される。溶剤は、感光性樹脂積層体の製造に際して、支持層上に塗布する感光性樹脂組成物調合液の25℃における粘度が、500mPa・s~4,000mPa・sとなるような量で、感光性樹脂組成物に添加されることが好ましい。
次に、本実施の形態の感光性樹脂積層体を用いてレジストパターンを製造する方法の一例を説明する。該方法は、感光性樹脂積層体を基板に積層するラミネート工程、該感光性樹脂積層体の感光性樹脂層を露光する露光工程、及び該感光性樹脂層の未露光部を現像除去する現像工程を含むことができる。レジストパターンとしては、例えば、プリント配線板、半導体素子、印刷版、液晶ディスプレイパネル、フレキシブル基板、リードフレーム基板、COF(チップオンフィルム)用基板、半導体パッケージ用基板、液晶用透明電極、液晶用TFT用配線、PDP(プラズマディスプレイパネル)用電極等のパターンが挙げられる。一例として、プリント配線板の製造方法を、下記の通り説明する。
(1)ラミネート工程
先ず、ラミネート工程において、ラミネーターを用いて基板上に感光性樹脂層を形成する。具体的には、感光性樹脂積層体が保護層を有する場合には保護層を剥離した後、ラミネーターで感光性樹脂層を基板表面に加熱圧着しラミネートする。基板の材料としては、例えば、銅、ステンレス鋼(SUS)、ガラス、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)等が挙げられる。
本実施形態では、感光性樹脂層は基板表面の片面だけにラミネートするか、又は必要に応じて両面にラミネートしてもよい。ラミネート時の加熱温度は一般的に40℃~160℃である。また、ラミネート時の加熱圧着を2回以上行うことにより、得られるレジストパターンの基板に対する密着性を向上させることができる。加熱圧着時には、二連のロールを備えた二段式ラミネーターを使用するか、又は基板と感光性樹脂層との積層物を数回繰り返してロールに通すことにより圧着してもよい。
本工程では、所望の配線パターンを有するマスクフィルムを支持層上に密着させて活性光源を用いて行う露光方法、所望の配線パターンである描画パターンの直接描画による露光方法、又はフォトマスクの像を、レンズを通して投影させることによる露光方法によって、感光性樹脂層を露光する。本実施の形態に係る感光性樹脂組成物の利点は、描画パターンの直接描画による露光方法、又はフォトマスクの像を、レンズを通して投影させる露光方法においてより顕著であり、描画パターンの直接描画による露光方法において特に顕著である。
本工程では、露光後、感光性樹脂層上の支持層を剥離し、続いてアルカリ水溶液の現像液を用いて未露光部を現像除去することにより、レジストパターンを基板上に形成する。
アルカリ水溶液としては、Na2CO3又はK2CO3の水溶液を用いる。アルカリ水溶液は、感光性樹脂層の特性に合わせて適宜選択されるが、約0.2質量%~約2質量%の濃度、かつ約20℃~約40℃のNa2CO3水溶液が好ましい。
上記の(1)~(3)の各工程を経てレジストパターンを得ることができる。これらの工程の後、場合により、さらに約100℃~約300℃の加熱工程を行うこともできる。この加熱工程を実施することにより、耐薬品性の更なる向上が可能となる。加熱には、熱風、赤外線、又は遠赤外線の方式の加熱炉を用いることができる。また、この加熱工程は露光工程後に実施しても良い。
現像により露出した基板表面(例えば銅張積層板の銅面)をエッチング又はめっきし、導体パターンを製造する。
(5)剥離工程
その後、レジストパターンを、現像液よりも強いアルカリ性を有する水溶液により基板から剥離する。剥離用のアルカリ水溶液については、特に制限はないが、約2質量%~約5質量%の濃度、かつ約40~約70℃の温度のNaOH又はKOHの水溶液が好ましい。剥離液に、少量の水溶性溶媒を加えることもできる。
なお、上述した各種パラメータについては、特に断りのない限り、後述の実施例における測定方法又はこれと同等であることが当業者に理解される方法に準じて測定される。
高分子の物性値の測定、高分子のガラス転移温度の計算、並びに実施例及び比較例の評価用サンプルの作製方法を説明する。また、得られたサンプルについての評価方法及びその評価結果を示す。
<高分子の重量平均分子量又は数平均分子量の測定>
高分子の重量平均分子量又は数平均分子量は、日本分光(株)製ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)(ポンプ:Gulliver、PU-1580型、カラム:昭和電工(株)製Shodex(登録商標)(KF-807、KF-806M、KF-806M、KF-802.5)4本直列、移動層溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン、ポリスチレン標準サンプル(昭和電工(株)製Shodex STANDARD SM-105)による検量線使用)によりポリスチレン換算として求めた。
さらに、高分子の分散度は、数平均分子量に対する重量平均分子量の比(重量平均分子量/数平均分子量)として算出された。
本明細書において、酸当量とは、分子中に1当量のカルボキシル基を有する重合体の質量(グラム)を意味する。平沼産業(株)製平沼自動滴定装置(COM-555)を使用し、0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて電位差滴定法により酸当量を測定した。
アルカリ可溶性高分子のガラス転移温度Tgの重量平均値Tgtotalは、下記式:
に従って求められる値である。
ここで、ガラス転移温度Tgiを求める際には、対応するアルカリ可溶性高分子を形成するコモノマーから成るホモポリマーのガラス転移温度として、Brandrup,J. Immergut, E. H.編集「Polymer handbook, Third edition, John wiley & sons, 1989, p.209 Chapter VI 『Glass transition temperatures of polymers』」に示される値を使用するものとする。なお、実施例において計算に用いた各コモノマーから成るホモポリマーのガラス転移温度を表3に示す。
評価用サンプルは以下のように作製した。
<感光性樹脂積層体の作製>
後掲する表1に示す成分(但し、各成分の数字は固形分としての配合量(質量部)を示す。)及び溶媒を十分に攪拌、混合して、感光性樹脂組成物調合液を得た。表1中に略号で表した成分の名称を、下記表2に示す。
支持フィルムとして、表1に示す16μm厚のポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを用意した。各ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム中に含まれる1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の総数は、以下の方法により求めた。
すなわち、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの、一辺5mmの正方形状の小片内に存在する1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の個数を、光学顕微鏡を用いて厚み方向全体において測定した。なお、微粒子が完全なる球体ではない場合は、微粒子の最も長い幅をその微粒子の径とした。この測定をポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの面内で任意の10箇所について行い、その平均値を算出した。
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの表面にバーコーターを用いて、この調合液を均一に塗布し、95℃の乾燥機中で2.5分間乾燥して、感光性樹脂組成物層を形成した。感光性樹脂組成物層の乾燥厚みは25μmであった。
次いで、感光性樹脂組成物層のポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを積層していない側の表面上に、保護層として19μm厚のポリエチレンフィルム(タマポリ(株)製、GF-818)を貼り合わせて感光性樹脂積層体を得た。
実施例1~13及び比較例1では、画像性の評価基板として、35μm圧延銅箔を積層した0.4mm厚の銅張積層板をソフトエッチング剤(菱江化学(株)製、CPE-900)で処理して、10質量%H2SO4で基板表面を洗浄した。
<ラミネート>
感光性樹脂積層体のポリエチレンフィルム(保護層)を剥がしながら、60℃に予熱した銅張積層板に、ホットロールラミネーター(旭化成(株)社製、AL-700)により、感光性樹脂積層体をロール温度105℃でラミネートした。エアー圧は0.35MPaとし、ラミネート速度は1.5m/minとした。
直接描画露光機(日立ビアメカニクス(株)製、DE-1DH、光源:GaN青紫ダイオード、主波長405±5nm)により、ストーファー41段ステップタブレット又は所定のダイレクトイメージング(DI)露光用のマスクパターンを用いて、照度85mW/cm2の条件下で露光した。露光は、前記ストーファー41段ステップタブレットをマスクとして露光、現像したときの最高残膜段数が14段となる露光量で行った。
<現像>
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(支持層)を剥離した後、アルカリ現像機(フジ機工製、ドライフィルム用現像機)を用いて、30℃の1質量%Na2CO3水溶液を所定時間に亘ってスプレーし、感光性樹脂層の未露光部分を最小現像時間の2倍の時間で溶解除去した。この際、未露光部分の感光性樹脂層が完全に溶解するのに要する最も少ない時間を最小現像時間とした。
ラミネート後2時間経過した評価用基板を、露光部と未露光部の幅が1:1の比率のラインパターンを有する描画データを使用して露光した。このとき、露光時の焦点の位置を、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム表面に合わせた。次に、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(支持層)を剥離した後、最小現像時間の2倍の現像時間で現像した。そして、L/S=70μm/70μmのパターンのライン幅を光学顕微鏡により測定した。なお、この測定を5本ラインについて行い、各ラインで最も幅が太い部分の線幅を測定し、その5つの線幅の平均値を線幅(通常)の値とした。
露光時の焦点の位置を、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム表面から該評価基板の厚み方向に400μm基板内側にずらした。これ以外は、上述した線幅(通常)の測定と同様とした。そして、このときの線幅から上述の線幅(通常)を引いた値を線幅太りAの値とした。
<線幅太りBの評価>
露光時の焦点の位置を、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム表面から該評価基板の厚み方向に800μm基板内側にずらした。これ以外は、上述した線幅(通常)の測定と同様とした。そして、このときの線幅から上述の線幅(通常)を引いた値を、線幅太りBの値とした。
ラミネート後2時間経過した評価用基板を、未露光部が円孔となるパターンを有する描画データを使用して露光した。このとき、露光時の焦点の位置を、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム表面に合わせた。次に、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(支持層)を剥離した後、最小現像時間の2倍の現像時間で現像した。そして、未露光部の円孔(32個)が全て正常に形成されている最小の円孔径を解像度Aの値とした。なお、硬化レジストパターンにおいて、未露光部分の基板表面に残留レジストがなく基板表面が表出しており、硬化レジストからレジスト成分の突起もなく、正常に形成されている最小の円孔径を評価した。解像度の値としては、30μm以下は2μm刻みで得られ、30μm以上50μm以下は5μm刻みで得られ、50μm以上は10μm刻みで得られる描画パターンを用いて露光した。なお、未露光部が円孔となるパターンは、未露光部の周りが露光部で囲まれていることにより未露光部が現像され難いため、通常の解像度評価よりも非常に厳しい評価である。
露光時の焦点の位置を、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム表面から該評価基板の厚み方向に200μm基板内側にずらした。これ以外は、上述した解像度Aの測定と同様とし、解像度Bを評価した。
<解像度Cの評価>
露光時の焦点の位置を、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム表面から該評価基板の厚み方向に400μm基板内側にずらした。これ以外は、上述した解像度Aの測定と同様とし、解像度Cを評価した。
支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で0~200個である、実施例1~13では、通常時とフォーカス時との解像度の差、すなわち解像度B-解像度A、解像度C-解像度Aが、微粒子の数が200よりも多い比較例1に比べて小さく抑えられており、また、線幅太りA、線幅太りBも小さく抑えられていることがわかる。
また、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が実施例3と同じである16μm厚のポリエチレンテレフタラートフィルム(東レ(株)製、16QS68)を用い、実施例3と同じ感光性樹脂組成物を用いて評価したところ、実施例3と同じ結果となった。
なお、実施例1については、基板へのラミネート後、部分的なポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの剥がれは観測されなかったが、実施例7については、基板へのラミネート後、部分的にポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの剥がれが観測された。露光前に支持フィルムが感光性樹脂組成物層から剥がれてしまうと、支持フィルムと感光性樹脂組成物層の間に酸素が入り込み、その酸素が原因で露光しても感光性樹脂組成物の硬化不良が起きる場合がある。
Claims (18)
- 支持フィルムと、該支持フィルム上に形成された感光性樹脂組成物を含む感光性樹脂組成物層と、を備える感光性樹脂積層体であって、前記支持フィルムの任意の10箇所において、一辺5mmの正方形状の小片を切り出したときの、各小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、前記10箇所平均で0~200個である、感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~200個である、請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~100個である、請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~50個である、請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~20個である、請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記5mm角の支持フィルムの小片中に含まれる、1.5μm以上4.5μm未満の微粒子の数が、10箇所平均で1~10個である、請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記感光性樹脂組成物が、該感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分質量基準で、以下の成分:
(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子:10質量%~90質量%;
(B)エチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する化合物:5質量%~70質量%;及び
(C)光重合開始剤:0.01質量%~20質量%;
を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。 - 前記(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子の単量体成分が芳香族炭化水素基を有する、請求項7に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記(A)アルカリ可溶性高分子のガラス転移温度Tgの重量平均値Tgtotalが30℃以上135℃以下である、請求項7又は8に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分質量基準で、以下の成分:
(D)フェノール誘導体:0.001質量%~10質量%;
を更に含む、請求項7~9のいずれか一項に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。 - 前記感光性樹脂組成物中に含まれる水分量が0.7%以下である請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記感光性樹脂組成物中に含まれる水分量が0.6%以下である請求項11に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記感光性樹脂組成物中に含まれる水分量が0.5%以下である請求項11に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記支持フィルムと前記感光性樹脂組成物層の積層体の波長630nmにおける透過率が80%以下である請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記支持フィルムと前記感光性樹脂組成物層の積層体の波長630nmにおける透過率が70%以下である請求項14に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 前記支持フィルムと前記感光性樹脂組成物層の積層体の波長630nmにおける透過率が60%以下である請求項14に記載の感光性樹脂積層体。
- 以下の工程:
請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の感光性樹脂積層体を基板に積層する積層工程、
該感光性樹脂積層体の感光性樹脂層を露光する露光工程、及び
該感光性樹脂層の未露光部を現像除去する現像工程、を含む、レジストパターンの形成方法。 - 前記露光工程を、描画パターンの直接描画による露光方法、又はフォトマスクの像を、レンズを通して投影させる露光方法により行う、請求項17に記載のレジストパターンの形成方法。
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