WO2018101979A2

WO2018101979A2 - Apparatus, system and method of location measurement report (lmr) feedback

Info

Publication number: WO2018101979A2
Application number: PCT/US2017/024945
Authority: WO
Inventors: Qinghua Li; Feng Jiang; Xiaogang Chen; Robert J. Stacey; Yuval AMIZUR; Jonathan Segev
Original assignee: Intel IP Corporation
Priority date: 2016-11-30
Filing date: 2017-03-30
Publication date: 2018-06-07
Also published as: DE112017006078T5; WO2018101979A3

Abstract

Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, systems and/or methods of Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback. For example, an apparatus may include logic and circuitry configured to cause a first wireless station to process at least one channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station; to determine one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame; and to transmit an LMR feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame including the one or more ranging measurements, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame.

Description

APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF LOCATION MEASUREMENT

REPORT (LMR) FEEDBACK

CROSS REFERENCE

[001] This Application claims the benefit of and priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/428,218 entitled "ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOR RANGING FEEDBACK", filed November 30, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] Embodiments described herein generally relate to Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback.

BACKGROUND

[003] Some wireless communication systems may communicate according to a multi-user (MU) communication scheme, in which a wireless communication device, e.g., an Access point (AP), may communicate MU transmissions with a group of wireless communication devices, e.g., wireless stations.

[004] In some cases, the AP may perform a MU measurement with the group of wireless communication devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[005] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. The figures are listed below.

[006] Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[007] Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of two phases of a measurement protocol, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[008] Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a design of a multi-user (MU) protocol, including one or more operations, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[009] Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of interference during a communications of a measurement protocol, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0010] Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a measurement protocol, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0011] Fig. 6 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. [0012] Fig. 7 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of receiving LMR feedback, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0013] Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments. However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, units and/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the discussion.

[0015] Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, "processing", "computing", "calculating", "determining", "establishing", "analyzing", "checking", or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer' s registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes. [0016] The terms "plurality" and "a plurality", as used herein, include, for example, "multiple" or "two or more". For example, "a plurality of items" includes two or more items.

[0017] References to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "demonstrative embodiment", "various embodiments" etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase "in one embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.

[0018] As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third" etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

[0019] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), a wireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wearable device, a handheld device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

[0020] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 {IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.1 laz (IEEE 802.1 laz, Next Generation Positioning)) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Specifications (including Wi-Fi Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) Technical Specification, Version 1.0, May 1, 2015) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WFA Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (including WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.5, August 4, 2014) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing Wireless- Gigabit-Alliance (WGA) specifications (including Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHY Specification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing cellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g., 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP), 3 GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or devices which are part of the above networks, and the like.

[0021] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MEVIO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SEVIO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

[0022] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, Radio Frequency (RF), Infra-Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Spatial Divisional Multiple Access (SDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks, 3 GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems and/or networks. [0023] The term "wireless device", as used herein, includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, a wireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integrated with a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In some demonstrative embodiments, the term "wireless device" may optionally include a wireless service.

[0024] The term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a communication signal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receiving the communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which is capable of communicating a communication signal, may include a transmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one other communication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal from at least one other communication unit. The verb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting or the action of receiving. In one example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving the signal by a second device. In another example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting the signal by a second device.

[0025] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN, e.g., a WiFi network. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, for example, a wireless area network, a "piconet", a WPAN, a WVAN and the like. [0026] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 2.4GHz or 5GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20Ghz and 300GHZ, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, and the like.

[0027] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware. [0028] The term "logic" may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus. For example, the logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations. In one example, logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors. Logic may be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like. In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or non- volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and/or the like. Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory, e.g., registers, buffers, stacks, and the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.

[0029] The term "antenna", as used herein, may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.

[0030] The phrase "peer to peer (PTP) communication", as used herein, may relate to device- to-device communication over a wireless link ("peer-to-peer link") between devices. The PTP communication may include, for example, a WiFi Direct (WFD) communication, e.g., a WFD Peer to Peer (P2P) communication, wireless communication over a direct link within a Quality of Service (QoS) basic service set (BSS), a tunneled direct-link setup (TDLS) link, a STA-to-STA communication in an independent basic service set (IBSS), or the like.

[0031] Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to WiFi communication. However, other embodiments may be implemented with respect to any other communication scheme, network, standard and/or protocol.

[0032] Reference is now made to Fig. 1, which schematically illustrates a block diagram of a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0033] As shown in Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments system 100 may include a wireless communication network including one or more wireless communication devices, e.g., wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140.

[0034] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "Carry Small Live Large" (CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an "Origami" device or computing device, a device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a Set- Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera (DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, or the like.

[0035] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more STAs. For example, device 102 may include at least one STA, and/or device 140 may include at least one STA. [0036] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more WLAN STAs.

[0037] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more Wi-Fi STAs.

[0038] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more BT devices.

[0039] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) STAs.

[0040] In some demonstrative embodiments, one of wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140, e.g., device 102, may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of an AP STA, and/or one or more of wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140, e.g., device 140, may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of a non-AP STA. In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may operate as and/or perform the functionality of any other STA.

[0041] For example, the AP may include a router, a PC, a server, a Hot-Spot and/or the like.

[0042] In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM). The STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0043] In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station (STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, via the wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0044] In one example, a non-access-point (non-AP) station (STA) may include a STA that is not contained within an AP. The non-AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0045] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 may include, for example, one or more of a processor

181, an input unit 182, an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185.

Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardware components and/or software components. In some demonstrative embodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or wireless links.

In other embodiments, components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separate devices.

[0046] In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 191 and/or processor 181 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), an Application-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose or specific processor or controller. Processor 191 executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor 181 executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.

[0047] In some demonstrative embodiments, input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a trackball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device. Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183 includes, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.

[0048] In some demonstrative embodiments, memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 includes, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195, for example, may store data processed by device 102. Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185, for example, may store data processed by device 140.

[0049] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radio channel, a cellular channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, and the like. [0050] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication medium 103 may include a wireless communication channel over a 2.4 Gigahertz (GHz) frequency band, or a 5GHz frequency band, a millimeterWave (mmWave) frequency band, e.g., a 60GHz frequency band, a Sub- 1 GHz (S 1G) band, and/or any other frequency band.

[0051] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wireless communication between devices 102, and/or 140 and/or one or more other wireless communication devices. For example, device 102 may include a radio 114, and/or device 140 may include a radio 144. [0052] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116, and/or radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.

[0053] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118, and/or radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.

[0054] In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144, transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may include circuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters; filters; and/or the like. For example, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and the like.

[0055] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may be configured to communicate over a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, an mmWave band, a S 1G band, and/or any other band.

[0056] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, or may be associated with, one or more antennas 107 and/or 147, respectively.

[0057] In one example, device 102 may include a single antenna 107. In another example, device 102 may include two or more antennas 107. [0058] In one example, device 140 may include a single antenna 147. In another example, device 140 may include two or more antennas 147.

[0059] Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.

[0060] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller 124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controller 124 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140, and/or one or more other devices; and/or controller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140, and/or one or more other devices, e.g., as described below.

[0061] In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.

[0062] In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein. [0063] In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.

[0064] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 124 may be implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 144. [0065] In other embodiments, the functionality of controller 124 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.

[0066] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a message processor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one or more messages communicated by device 102.

[0067] In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or message processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described below. [0068] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a message processor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one or more messages communicated by device 140.

[0069] In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or message processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.

[0070] In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media- Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below. [0071] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144.

[0072] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller 154.

[0073] In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.

[0074] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 114. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of message processor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114. In one example, controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.

[0075] In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 102.

[0076] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 144. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144. In one example, controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC. [0077] In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 140. [0078] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more STAs. For example, device 102 may include at least one STA, and/or device 140.

[0079] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0080] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, a WiFi network.

[0081] In other embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, and/or communicate as part of, any other additional or alternative network. [0082] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, and/or 140 may be configured to perform a MU positioning and/or ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.

[0083] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may perform a MU positioning measurement with a plurality of devices, e.g., including device 140, a device 160 and/or a device 180, e.g., as described below. [0084] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include one or more applications configured to provide and/or to use one or more location based services, e.g., a social application, a navigation application, a location based advertising application, and/or the like. For example, device 140 may include an application 125 to be executed by device 140. [0085] In some demonstrative embodiments, application 125 may use range information between devices 102 and 140, for example, to determine an estimated location of device 140, e.g., with respect to a coordinate system, e.g., a World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84), and/or a local coordination.

[0086] In one example, device 140 may include a Smartphone and device 102 may include an AP, which is located in a shop, e.g., in a shopping mall. According to this example, application 125 may use the range information to determine a relative location of device 140 with respect to device 102, for example, to receive sale offers from the shop.

[0087] In another example, device 140 may include a mobile device and device 102 may include a responder station, which is located in a parking zone, e.g., of a shopping mall. According to this example, application 125 may use the range information to determine a location of device 140 in the parking zone, for example, to enable a user of device 140 to find a parking area in the parking zone.

[0088] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a location estimator 115 configured to perform one or more positioning measurements to be used to estimate a location of device 140, e.g., as described below.

[0089] In some demonstrative embodiments, location estimator 115 may be configured to determine a location of device 140, for example, using a plurality of ranges from the plurality of other STAs, e.g., by performing trilateration.

[0090] In some demonstrative embodiments, location estimator 115 may include circuitry and/or logic, e.g., processor circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of location estimator 115. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of location estimator 115 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below. [0091] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of location estimator 115 may be implemented as part of controller 154.

[0092] In other embodiments, the functionality of location estimator 115 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.

[0093] In some demonstrative embodiments, location estimator 115 may be configured to estimate the location of device 140, for example, based on time based range measurements, for example, with device 102 and/or one or more other devices.

[0094] In some demonstrative embodiments, the time based range measurements may be performed using WLAN communications, e.g., WiFi. For example, using WiFi to perform the time based range measurements may enable, for example, increasing an indoor location accuracy of the location estimation of device 140, e.g., in an indoor environment.

[0095] In some demonstrative embodiments, the time based range measurements may include a round trip time (RTT) measurement (also referred to as Time of Flight (ToF) procedure).

[0096] In some demonstrative embodiments, a ToF value may be defined as the overall time a signal propagates from a first station, e.g., device 140, to a second station, e.g., device 102, and back to the first station. A distance between the first and second stations may be determined based on the ToF value, for example, by dividing the RTT value by two and multiplying the result by the speed of light.

[0097] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ToF measurement procedure may include a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) procedure. [0098] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ToF measurement procedure may include a channel response measurement, e.g., as described below.

[0099] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ToF measurement procedure may include any other positioning measurement.

[00100] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180 may be configured to perform one or more FTM measurements, ToF measurements, positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications.

[00101] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180 may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications, for example, and/or according to any other additional or alternative procedure and/or protocol, e.g., an Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) procedure. [00102] Some demonstrative embodiments are described below with respect to FTM measurements according to an FTM procedure. However, other embodiments may be implemented with respect to any other additional or alternative positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications.

[00103] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180 may be configured to perform one or more FTM measurements, for example, using WLAN communications, e.g., WiFi. For example, using WiFi to perform time based range measurements, e.g., FTM measurements, may enable, for example, increasing an indoor location accuracy of the mobile devices, e.g., in an indoor environment. [00104] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 140, 160, and/or 180 may perform a role of and/or the functionality of an initiator device, and device 102 may perform a role of and/or the functionality of a responder device. For example, device 102 may include an AP, and/or devices 140, 160, and/or 180 may include a non-AP STA, for example, a mobile device, e.g., a Smartphone, which may perform the FTM protocol with the AP, for example, to determine a location of the mobile device.

[00105] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a positioning component 117, and/or device 140 may include a positioning component 157, which may be configured to perform one or more positioning measurements, operations and/or communications, e.g., as described below.

[00106] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations and/or communications of FTM measurements. In other embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations and/or communications of any other positioning measurement.

[00107] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may include, or may be implemented, using suitable circuitry and/or logic, e.g., controller circuitry and/or logic, processor circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, which may be configured to perform at least part of the functionality of positioning components 117 and/or 157. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.

[00108] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning component 117 may be configured to perform one or more operations of, and/or at least part of the functionality of, message processor 128 and/or controller 124, for example, to trigger communication of one or more FTM messages and/or positioning packets, e.g., as described below.

[00109] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning component 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations of, and/or at least part of the functionality of, message processor 158 and/or controller 154, for example, to trigger communication of one or more FTM messages and/or positioning packets, e.g., as described below. [00110] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to trigger the FTM measurements, for example, periodically and/or or upon a request from an application executed by a device, for example, to determine an accurate location of the device. [00111] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more measurements according to the FTM protocol, e.g., as described below.

[00112] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more proximity, ranging, and/or location estimation measurements, e.g., in an indoor location, based on the FTM measurements. For example, the FTM measurements may provide a relatively accurate estimation of location, range and/or proximity, e.g., in an indoor location.

[00113] Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157, configured to perform measurements according to an FTM protocol and/or procedure. However, in other embodiments, the FTM component may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative type of Time of Flight (ToF) measurements, ranging measurements, positioning measurements, proximity measurements, and/or location estimation measurements, e.g., according to any additional or alternative protocol and/or procedure. [00114] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180 may be configured to utilize the FTM Protocol. For example, device 140 may be configured to use the FTM protocol to measure the RTT from a STA implemented by device 140 to a plurality of other STAs, e.g., including device 102, for example, including one or more AP STAs and/or non-AP STAs. [00115] In some demonstrative embodiments, the FTM protocol may be implemented as part of a Specification or protocol, for example, an IEEE 802.11 Specification, for example, by a task group dealing with WiFi positioning, e.g., IEEE 802.11az - Next Generation positioning.

[00116] In some demonstrative embodiments, the FTM protocol may be configured to enable providing, for example, at least improved capacity, support of high density environments, improved scalability, improved accuracy, and/or one or more additional or alternative advantages, and/or benefits. [00117] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180 may be configured to utilize a MU positioning Protocol, e.g., as described below.

[00118] In other embodiments, devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180 may be configured to utilize a SU positioning Protocol, e.g. as described below. [00119] Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to a positioning protocol including a MU positioning protocol between devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180. However, in other embodiments, the positioning protocol may include a SU positioning protocol between a first device, e.g., a device of devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180, and a second device, e.g., another one of devices 102, 140, 160, and/or 180, e.g., as described below.

[00120] In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU positioning protocol may be configured to support MU capabilities and/or communications, for example, in accordance with a Specification or protocol, for example, an IEEE 802.11 Specification, for example, an IEEE 802.11ax Specification. In one example, a MU FTM protocol, e.g., as described herein, may allow merging between a MU managing protocol, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lax Specification, and advanced FTM measurement for positioning.

[00121] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to support a measurement protocol, for example, of a ranging protocol, for example, for Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MEVIO) and/or multiuser scenarios, e.g., as described below. [00122] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ranging protocol may include two phases, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, the ranging protocol may include any other number of phases.

[00123] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ranging protocol may include a sounding phase and a measurement feedback phase, e.g., as described below. [00124] In some demonstrative embodiments, the sounding phase and the measurement feedback phase may be performed in a same Transmission Opportunity (TxOP), e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, the sounding phase and the measurement feedback phase may be performed during separate TxOPs.

[00125] Reference is made to Fig. 2, which schematically illustrates two phases of a ranging protocol 200, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. [00126] For example, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations and/or communications of ranging protocol 200. In one example, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform a ranging protocol, for example, according to ranging protocol 200. [00127] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, ranging protocol 200 may include a channel sounding phase 202, which may be followed, for example, by a measurement feedback phase 204.

[00128] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, channel sounding phase 202 and measurement feedback phase may be performed during a same TxOP. In one example, as shown in Fig. 2, communications during the phases 202 and 204 may be separated by a Short InterFrame Space (SIFS).

[00129] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, during channel sounding phase 202 one or more Uplink (UL) and/or Downlink (DL) channel sounding frames 203 may be communicated. [00130] In some demonstrative embodiments, channel sounding frames 203 may include for example, a channel sounding signal, a channel training signal, a channel training signal, and/or a channel training frame.

[00131] In some demonstrative embodiments, channel sounding frames 203 may include one or more Null-Data Packets (NDPs). [00132] In some demonstrative embodiments, channel sounding frames 203 may include an NDP Announcement (NDP- A) frame.

[00133] Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to a protocol utilizing channel sounding frames in the form of NDPs. However, in other embodiments, the channel sounding frames may include any other type of channel sounding packets, frames, and/or signals.

[00134] In some demonstrative embodiments, a DL NDP 203 may be transmitted, for example, from an AP STA, e.g., a STA implemented by device 102, to a non-AP station, e.g., a STA implemented by device 140.

[00135] In some demonstrative embodiments, an UL NDP 203 may be communicated, for example, from the non-AP station, e.g., a STA implemented by device 140, to the AP STA, e.g., a STA implemented by device 102. [00136] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, during measurement feedback phase 204 one or more feedback frames 205 may be transmitted, for example, from a STA, which receives a channel sounding frame, e.g., an NDP, during channel sounding phase 202 to a STA which transmitted the NDP. [00137] In some demonstrative embodiments, feedback frames 205 may include one or more Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frames and/or one or more Channel State Information (CSI) feedback frames, which may be based on one or more of the channel sounding frames, e.g., NDPs, received in channel sounding phase 202.

[00138] In some demonstrative embodiments, ranging protocol 200 may include a MU ranging protocol, e.g., as described below.

[00139] For example, an AP STA, e.g., a STA implemented by device 102, may communicate one or more of the frames of ranging protocol Fig. 2 as part of a MU ranging protocol with a plurality of stations, e.g., including a STA implemented by device 140.

[00140] In other embodiments, ranging protocol 200 may include a SU ranging protocol, e.g., as described below

[00141] For example, a first station, e.g., a STA implemented by device 140, may communicate one or more of the frames of ranging protocol of Fig. 2 as part of a SU ranging protocol with a second STA, for example, an AP STA.

[00142] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and /or 140 may be configured to communicate CSI feedback and/or LMR feedback frames, for example, as part of a ranging measurement, e.g., an SU ranging measurement and/or an MU ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00143] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ranging measurement may include, for example, a location measurement, a location-based measurement, a range measurement, a range-based measurement, a positioning measurement, a ToF measurement, an FTM measurement, an RTT measurement, a distance measurement, e.g., of a distance between two devices, a distance difference measurement, e.g., between two or more distances, an angle of arrival and/or an angle of departure measurement, e.g., of a transmitted and/or received signal, and/or any other measurement corresponding to, and/or which may be used with respect to, one or more parameters corresponding to a location and/or positioning of a device. [00144] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may perform a MU ranging measurement with a plurality of wireless communication stations, e.g., including device 140.

[00145] In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of wireless communication stations may transmit a plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames, e.g., uplink NDP sounding frames, to device 102.

[00146] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or receiver 116 to process the plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames from the plurality of wireless communication stations.

[00147] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to determine a plurality of ranging measurements, for example, based on the plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames.

[00148] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to transmit an LMR feedback frame including a MU LMR feedback frame.

[00149] In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU LMR feedback frame may include the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00150] In some demonstrative embodiments, a station of the plurality of wireless communication stations, e.g., device 140, may determine a location-based measurement, for example, based on a ranging measurement in the LMR feedback frame.

[00151] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform a MU CSI measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00152] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may perform the MU CSI measurement with the plurality of wireless communication stations, e.g., including device 140.

[00153] In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of wireless communication stations may transmit a plurality of CSI measurement channel sounding frames to device 102.

[00154] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or receiver 116 to process the plurality of CSI measurement channel sounding frames from the plurality of wireless communication stations. [00155] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to determine CSI corresponding to the plurality of wireless communication stations, for example, based on the plurality of CSI measurement channel sounding frames.

[00156] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to transmit a MU CSI feedback frame including the CSI corresponding to the plurality of wireless communication stations.

[00157] In some demonstrative embodiments, a station of the plurality of wireless communication stations, e.g., device 140, may receive the MU CSI feedback frame.

[00158] In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases, scenarios, and/or implementations, it may not be efficient and/or advantageous to require that a STA is to transmit one or more acknowledgment frames, for example, to acknowledge a feedback frame, e.g., an LMR feedback frame, for example, during the measurement feedback phase, e.g., measurement feedback phase 204, as described below.

[00159] In one example, requiring a STA to acknowledge feedback frames during measurement feedback phase 204, e.g., in a ranging protocol, may increase an overhead of the ranging protocol, and/or may affect compatibility with an IEEE 802.11 specification, e.g., as described below.

[00160] In some demonstrative embodiments, a design of a protocol, e.g., a SU or MU protocol, which includes one or more acknowledgment frames, for example, to acknowledge a feedback frame, for example, an LMR feedback frame or a CSI feedback frame, may suffer from one or more disadvantages and/or technical problems, e.g., as described below.

[00161] Reference is made to Fig. 3, which schematically illustrates a design of a MU protocol 300, which may include one or more operations and/or communications, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. [00162] As shown in Fig. 3, a feedback frame 302 may include a DL MU feedback frame, which may include, for example, feedback from an AP to one or more stations.

[00163] In one example, feedback frame 302 may include an LMR feedback frame or a CSI feedback frame. For example, the LMR feedback frame may include one or more time stamps of ranging measurements, for example, of FTM measurements, corresponding to measurements on one or more UL NDP frames from the stations, and/or the CSI feedback frame may include channel estimates, e.g., down sampled or truncated, corresponding to measurements on one or more UL NDP frames from the stations. The CSI feedback may, for example, may be implemented, for example, for measurements, for example, to relax the hardware requirements for products at the cost of larger feedback overhead.

[00164] In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases, scenarios, and/or implementations it may not be advantageous to configured feedback frame 302 to include an indication or a trigger to require stations receiving feedback frame 302 to acknowledge receipt of the feedback frame by acknowledgment frames 304.

[00165] In some demonstrative embodiments, a requirement to acknowledge feedback frame 302 by acknowledgment frames 304 may increase overhead of MU protocol 300, for example, by adding additional frames to MU protocol 300, e.g., the acknowledgment frames 304.

[00166] In some demonstrative embodiments, a requirement to acknowledge feedback frame 302 by acknowledgment frames 304 may affect or even hinder compatibility of the MU protocol 300 with an IEEE 802.11 specification, e.g., as described below. [00167] In some demonstrative embodiments, a CSI or beamforming feedback frame, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 Specification, may be of a frame type of an action-no-ack type, for example, by including in the CSI or beamforming feedback frame a subtype value indicating that the CSI or beamforming feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00168] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to support, allow and/or enable, communication of both CSI feedback and/or LMR feedback frames, for example, for ranging feedback, e.g., during measurement feedback phase 204 (Fig. 2).

[00169] In some demonstrative embodiments, it may not be efficient, and/or it may be complicated, for example, to implement a protocol in which one type of feedback frame, e.g., an LMR feedback frame, is configured to require acknowledgement, for example, while another type of feedback frame, e.g., a CSI feedback frame, is configured not to require acknowledgement.

[00170] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, when using the CSI feedback frame and the LMR feedback frame for a same purpose, it may be advantageous that the CSI feedback frame and the LMR feedback frame may follow a same acknowledgement rule or policy, e.g., as described below. [00171] In some demonstrative embodiments, implementing a no-acknowledgement for a feedback frame in a ranging protocol, e.g., the CSI feedback frame and/or the LMR feedback frame, for example, by setting a type of the frame to an action-no-ack type, e.g., indicating that the feedback frame is not to be acknowledged, may simplify the ranging protocol and/or may improve an efficiency of the ranging protocol, for example, even by 15-20%.

[00172] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, if feedback frame 302 is to be configured as a no-ack action frame, in a way, which may allow to avoid using, and/or to remove from MU ranging protocol 300, an aggregated trigger frame in feedback frame 302 to trigger Ack frames 304. [00173] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate a feedback frame, e.g., an LMR feedback frame, including an indication that the feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame, e.g., as described below.

[00174] In some demonstrative embodiments, the LMR feedback frame may include a frame control field including a subtype subfield, wherein the subtype subfield may include a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype, for example, to indicate that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame, e.g., as described below.

[00175] In some demonstrative embodiments devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate a feedback frame, e.g., an LMR feedback frame, with the frame type of the action-no-ack in a ranging protocol, e.g., as described below.

[00176] In some demonstrative embodiments, configuring the feedback frame, e.g., the LMR feedback frame, with a frame type of an action-no-ack may, for example, simplify the ranging protocol and/or may improve compatibility with a feedback protocol for CSI or beamforming matrices, e.g., as described below. [00177] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to reuse existing Media Access Control (MAC) formats, for example, existing "No Ack" and/or "Action No Ack" subfields in a frame control field, for example, in order to indicate that the feedback frame is a frame which does not require an acknowledgement, e.g., as described below. [00178] In other embodiments, any additional or alternative signaling mechanism, fields, and/or format may be implemented to indicate that the feedback frame is a frame, which does not require an acknowledgement. [00179] In some demonstrative embodiments, it may be advantageous to mandate an indication, e.g., in the form of a frame type and a frame subtype of an LMR feedback frame to be set to the action-no-ack frame type, for example, in a manner similar to a CSI or beamforming feedback frame, e.g., as described below. [00180] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and /or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process an LMR feedback frame set to the action-no-ack frame type, for example, in response to a communication of a channel sounding frame, for example, an NDP sounding frame, e.g., as described below.

[00181] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 and/or transmitter 148 to transmit a channel sounding frame to device 102.

[00182] In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel sounding frame may include an NDP sounding frame. In other embodiments, the channel sounding frame may include any other type of channel sounding signal, frame and/or packet.

[00183] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may receive the channel sounding frame from device 140.

[00184] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or receiver 116 to processes the channel sounding frame from device 140.

[00185] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to determine one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame.

[00186] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to transmit an LMR feedback frame to device 140, e.g., in response to the channel sounding frame. [00187] In some demonstrative embodiments, the LMR feedback frame may include the one or more ranging measurements, for example, based on the channel sounding frame, e.g., as described below.

[00188] In some demonstrative embodiments, the LMR feedback frame may include at least one measurement of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and/or an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement. In other embodiments, the LMR feedback frame may include any other additional or alternative type of measurements.

[00189] In one example, device 102 may be configured to determine the at least one measurement, for example, based on the channel sounding frame. [00190] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or message processor 128 to generate the LMR feedback frame including an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame, e.g., as described below.

[00191] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or message processor 128 to generate the LMR feedback frame including a subtype subfield including a value to indicate a "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype, e.g., as described below.

[00192] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value in the subtype subfield may indicate that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame, e.g., as described below.

[00193] In other embodiments, the LMR feedback frame may include any other indication, for example, in any other field, and/or subtype subfield, for example, to indicate that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00194] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value in the subtype subfield may include a value of "1110", e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, the value in the subtype subfield may include any other value configured to indicate that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00195] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may receive the LMR feedback frame from device 102. [00196] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 and/or receiver 146 to process the LMR feedback frame from device 102 including the indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame.

[00197] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 and/or receiver 146 to process the LMR feedback frame from device 102 including the one or more ranging measurements and the frame control field including the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00198] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 to select not to acknowledge the LMR feedback frame, for example, based on the indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame, e.g., the subtype subfield including the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00199] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 to determine a location-based measurement, for example, based on the one or more ranging measurements in the LMR frame. For example, device 140 may determine the location-based measurement based on the AoA measurement, the ToA measurement, the ToD measurement, and/or the AoD measurement.

[00200] In some demonstrative embodiments, configuring the LMR feedback frame to include the indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame, e.g., the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype, may improve compatibility with a communication of a CSI feedback frame, e.g., as described below.

[00201] In some demonstrative embodiments, configuring the LMR feedback frame to include the indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame may enable communication of the LMR feedback frame and the CSI feedback frame following a same acknowledgment rule, e.g., as described below.

[00202] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to, in response to a ranging measurement channel sounding frame, e.g., a ranging measurement NDP, from another wireless communication station, e.g., a station implemented by device 140, transmit to the wireless communication station an LMR feedback frame. For example, the LMR feedback frame may include one or more ranging measurements based on the ranging measurement channel sounding frame, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame. For example, in response to the channel sounding frame from device 140, device 102 may transmit the LMR feedback frame to device 140. [00203] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to, in response to a CSI measurement channel sounding frame, e.g., a CSI measurement NDP, from the other wireless communication station, transmit a CSI feedback frame to the other wireless communication station. For example, the CSI feedback frame may include CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame, and an indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame. For example, in response to a CSI measurement channel sounding frame from device 140, device 102 may transmit a CSI feedback frame to device 140 including the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype, e.g., as described below.

[00204] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 to transmit a CSI measurement channel sounding frame, e.g., a CSI measurement NDP, to device 102. [00205] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may receive the CSI measurement channel sounding frame from device 140.

[00206] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 and/or receiver 116 to process the CSI measurement channel sounding frame from device 140. [00207] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to determine CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame from device 140.

[00208] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to transmit a CSI feedback frame including the CSI, e.g., to device 140. [00209] In some demonstrative embodiments, the CSI feedback frame may include the indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame.

[00210] In some demonstrative embodiments, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame may include the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype. [00211] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value in the subtype subfield of the frame control field of the CSI feedback frame may indicate that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame.

[00212] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value in the subtype subfield of the frame control field of the CSI feedback frame to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype may include the value of "1110", e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, the value in the subtype subfield of the CSI feedback frame may include any other value configured to indicate that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00213] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may receive the CSI feedback frame from device 102, e.g., as described below. [00214] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 and/or receiver 146 to process the CSI feedback frame from device 102 including the CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame, and the subtype subfield of the frame control field of the CSI feedback frame including the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype. [00215] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 to select not to acknowledge the CSI feedback frame, for example, based on the indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame, e.g., based on the subtype subfield including the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype. [00216] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may control, cause, and/or trigger device 140 to determine CSI between devices 102 and 140, for example, based on the CSI in the CSI feedback frame.

[00217] Some demonstrative embodiments are described above with respect to implementing a ranging feedback frame, e.g., an LMR feedback frame and/or a CSI feedback frame, with a policy of no acknowledgement, as part of a MU communication protocol, e.g., as described above. However, in other embodiments, the ranging feedback frame, e.g., an LMR feedback frame and/or a CSI feedback frame, with the policy of no acknowledgement, may be implemented as part of a Single User (SU) communication protocol, for example, between device 102 and device 140. [00218] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement a MAC, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 Specification, which may support multiple acknowledgement policies, e.g., such as Ack, Block Ack, No Ack, and/or Action No Ack.

[00219] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to reuse one or more of the multiple acknowledgement policies, e.g., for the feedback frames of the MU ranging measurement. [00220] In some demonstrative embodiments, a Specification, for example, an IEEE 802.11 specification may be configured to specify that a ranging feedback frame may be of a frame type of "action no ack" or "no ack".

[00221] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more types or subtype of a frame of a MAC control field may be reused, and/or one or more reserved subtypes or reserved extension entries may be used, for example, to indicate that the feedback frame, for example, the LMR feedback frame and/or the CSI feedback frame, is not to be acknowledged, e.g., as described below.

[00222] In one example, one or more subtypes of a MAC control field, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 Specification, may be configured to include subtype value, e.g., as follows:

00 Management 1110 Action No Ack

00 Management 1111 Reserved

Table 1

[00223] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate a feedback frame, e.g., an LMR feedback frame and/or a CSI feedback frame, which may include Subtype value field, e.g., bits B7 B6 B5 B4, set including a value, e.g., including the value "1110", for example, to indicate the feedback frame is not to be acknowledged, e.g., according to Table 1.

[00224] In other embodiments, any other value and/or field of Table 1 may be used or reused to indicate that the feedback frame is not to be acknowledged. For example, one or more of the reserved values of Table 1 may be used to indicate that the feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00225] In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases, scenarios and/or implementations, communicating the LMR feedback frame, which is configured to indicate that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged, may not effect or may not severely effect an overhead of a ranging measurement and/or a usefulness of the ranging measurement, for example, even if the LMR feedback frame is not received, e.g., as described below.

[00226] In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases, scenarios and/or implementations, using an Ack frame, e.g., to acknowledge a feedback frame, may not be necessary. In one example, a wireless communication station that does not receive the feedback frame may request to perform another ranging measurement. In another example, an AP that does not receive the feedback frame may schedule another ranging measurement. For example, an overhead of performing the additional ranging measurement may be comparable to an overhead of scheduling and sending the MU acknowledgments frames, which may require a trigger frame followed by MU transmissions. [00227] In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases, scenarios and/or implementations, an ACK frame may be useful, for example, in a scenario in which a sounding schedule is successfully received and transmission of a feedback frame fails. This scenario may be rare, e.g., may happen in less than 10% of ranging procedures, for example, since a link adaptation may be applied for selecting a Modulation And Coding Scheme (MCS) and a correlation between corruptions of sounding frames and feedback frames. Therefore, using an ACK frame may not be useful, For example, an overhead, e.g. of 20%, incurred by using the ACK frame may be higher, for example, than the probability, e.g., less than 10%, in which the sounding schedule is successfully received and transmission of the feedback frame fails.

[00228] In some demonstrative embodiments, a wireless communication station that failed a ranging measurement may be able to rely on another ranging measurement with the AP, for example, by participating in another ranging sequence between the AP and other STAs.

[00229] In some use cases, scenarios and/or implementations, communicating the LMR feedback frame, which is configured to indicate that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged, may not effect or may not severely effect the overhead of a ranging measurement or usefulness of the ranging protocol, for example, even if the transmission of the LMR feedback frame is subject to interference, e.g., as described below.

[00230] In some demonstrative embodiments, the interference may corrupt communications during both a sounding phase, e.g., sounding phase 202 (Fig. 2), and a feedback phase, e.g., feedback phase 204 (Fig. 2), for example, since the two phases are adjacent in time.

[00231] Reference is made to Fig. 4, which schematically illustrates interference during a ranging protocol 400, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[00232] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, ranging protocol 400 may include a channel sounding phase 402 and a measurement feedback phase 404.

[00233] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, interference 406 may affect both the channel sounding phase 402 and the measurement feedback phase 404, e.g., since phases 402 and 404 are adjacent in time.

[00234] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, since phases 402 and 404 are adjacent in time, there may be a high probability that, if a feedback frame is not received, e.g., during measurement feedback phase 404, then the channel sounding phase 402 may be corrupted as well, e.g., by interference 406. Therefore, it may be advantageous to repeat ranging protocol 400, for example, when a feedback frame is not properly received during measurement feedback phase 404. [00235] Reference is made to Fig. 5, which schematically illustrates a measurement protocol 500, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. [00236] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations and/or communications of measurement protocol 500. In one example, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform a ranging protocol, for example, according to measurement protocol 500. [00237] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, measurement protocol 500 may include a channel sounding phase 502 and a measurement feedback phase 504.

[00238] In some demonstrative embodiments, during sounding phase 502 an AP may perform an UL sounding phase to receive a MU UL transmission including one or more MU UL channel sounding frames, e.g., MU UL NDP sounding frames, from a plurality of stations, e.g., as described above.

[00239] In some demonstrative embodiments, during sounding phase 502 the AP may perform a DL sounding phase to transmit MU DL channel sounding frames, e.g., MU DL NDP sounding frames, to the plurality of stations, e.g., as described above.

[00240] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, the channel sounding phase 502 and the measurement feedback phase 504 may be in a same TxOP. In other embodiments, the channel sounding phase 502 and the measurement feedback phase 504 may be in two different TxOPs.

[00241] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, measurement feedback phase 504 may include communication of a MU feedback frame 506, for example, a DL MU feedback frame from an AP to a plurality of STAs.

[00242] For example, device 102 may be configured to transmit a MU feedback frame to a plurality of STAs, e.g., including device 140.

[00243] In one example, MU feedback frame 506 may include an LMR feedback frame, for example, including one or more timestamps, e.g., as described above. [00244] In another example, MU feedback frame 506 may include a CSI feedback frame, for example, including CSI corresponding to a plurality of STAs, e.g., as described above.

[00245] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, the channel sounding phase 502 and the measurement feedback phase 504 may be in a same TxOP. In other embodiments, the channel sounding phase 502 and the measurement feedback phase 504 may be in two different TxOPs. [00246] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, the MU feedback frame 506 may be configured such that there may be no Acknowledgement frame for MU feedback frame 506, e.g., both for a CSI feedback frame and an LMR feedback frame.

[00247] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, the MU feedback frame 506 may include the indication that MU feedback frame 506 frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00248] In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU feedback frame 506 may include a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield including a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype, e.g., as described above. [00249] Reference is made to Fig. 6, which schematically illustrates a method of LMR feedback, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method of Fig. 6 may be performed by one or more elements of a wireless communication system, e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); an application, e.g., application 125 (Fig. 1); a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig. 1); a location estimator, e.g., location estimator 115 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1); a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1); a transmitter, e.g., transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1); and/or a receiver, e.g., receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1). [00250] As indicated at block 602, the method may include processing at a first wireless station at least one channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to process the channel sounding frame from device 140 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above. [00251] As indicated at block 604, the method may include determining one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to determine the one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame, e.g., as described above.

[00252] As indicated at block 606, the method may include transmitting an LMR feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame including the one or more ranging measurements, and a frame control field including an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to transmit the LMR feedback frame to device 140 (Fig. 1), the LMR feedback frame including the one or more ranging measurements, and the indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame. In one example, the LMR feedback frame may include the indication in the form of a frame control field including the subtype subfield including the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype, e.g., as described above.

[00253] Reference is made to Fig. 7, which schematically illustrates a method of LMR feedback, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method of Fig. 7 may be performed by one or more elements of a wireless communication system, e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); an application, e.g., application 125 (Fig. 1); a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig. 1); a location estimator, e.g., location estimator 115 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1); a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1); a transmitter, e.g., transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1); and/or a receiver, e.g., receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1).

[00254] As indicated at block 702, the method may include transmitting a channel sounding frame from a first wireless station to a second wireless communication station. For example, controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to transmit the NDP sounding frame to device 102 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.

[00255] As indicated at block 704, the method may include processing an LMR feedback frame from the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame including the one or more ranging measurements, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame. For example, controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to process the LMR feedback frame from device 102 (Fig. 1), the LMR feedback frame including the one or more ranging measurements, and the indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame. In one example, the LMR feedback frame may include the indication in the form of the frame control field including the subtype subfield including the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype, e.g., as described above.

[00256] As indicated at block 706, the method may include selecting not to acknowledge the LMR feedback frame based on the indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame. For example, controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to select not to acknowledge the LMR feedback frame based on the indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an Ack frame, e.g., as described above. [00257] Reference is made to Fig. 8, which schematically illustrates a product of manufacture 800, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. Product 800 may include one or more tangible computer readable non-transitory storage media 802, which may include computer executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 804, operable to, when executed by at least one computer processor, enable at least one computer processor to implement one or more operations at devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1), radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1), transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1), receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1), controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1), message processors 128 and/or 158 (Fig. 1), positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig. 1), and/or location estimator 115 (Fig. 1), to cause devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1), radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1), transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1), receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1), controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1), message processors 128 and/or 158 (Fig. 1), positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig. 1), and/or location estimator 115 (Fig. 1) to perform one or more operations, and/or to perform one or more operations described above with respect to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and/or 7, and/or one or more operations described herein. The phrase "computer readable non-transitory storage media" is directed to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal.

[00258] In some demonstrative embodiments, product 800 and/or storage media 802 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. For example, storage media 802 may include, RAM, DRAM, Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR- DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory (e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide- silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppy disk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. The computer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection. [00259] In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or operations as described herein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.

[00260] In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include, or may be implemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words, values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. The instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform a certain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

[00261] The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

[00262] Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a first wireless communication station to process at least one channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station; determine one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame; and transmit a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising the one or more ranging measurements, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame. [00263] Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00264] Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110".

[00265] Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 2 or 3, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process another channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, to determine Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, and to transmit a CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00266] Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (To A) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00267] Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of channel sounding frames, and to transmit the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements. [00268] Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, and optionally, wherein the at least one channel sounding frame comprises at least one Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00269] Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, and optionally, comprising a radio to transmit the LMR feedback frame. [00270] Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor. [00271] Example 10 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a first wireless communication station, the first wireless communication station comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process at least one channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station; determine one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame; and transmit a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising the one or more ranging measurements, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame. [00272] Example 11 includes the subject matter of Example 10, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00273] Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 11, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110". [00274] Example 13 includes the subject matter of Example 11 or 12, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process another channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, to determine Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, and to transmit a CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00275] Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-13, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00276] Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-14, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of channel sounding frames, and to transmit the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00277] Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-15, and optionally, wherein the at least one channel sounding frame comprises at least one Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00278] Example 17 includes a method to be performed at a first wireless communication station, the method comprising processing at least one channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station; determining one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame; and transmitting a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising the one or more ranging measurements, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame.

[00279] Example 18 includes the subject matter of Example 17, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00280] Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110".

[00281] Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 18 or 19, and optionally, comprising processing another channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, determining Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, and transmitting a CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00282] Example 21 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 17-20, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00283] Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 17-21, and optionally, comprising processing a plurality of channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, determining a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of channel sounding frames, and transmitting the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00284] Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 17-22, and optionally, wherein the at least one channel sounding frame comprises at least one Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00285] Example 24 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a first wireless communication station to process at least one channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station; determine one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame; and transmit a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising the one or more ranging measurements, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame. [00286] Example 25 includes the subject matter of Example 24, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00287] Example 26 includes the subject matter of Example 25, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110". [00288] Example 27 includes the subject matter of Example 25 or 26, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the first wireless communication station to process another channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, to determine Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, and to transmit a CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00289] Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 24-27, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement. [00290] Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 24-28, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of channel sounding frames, and to transmit the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00291] Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 24-29, and optionally, wherein the at least one channel sounding frame comprises at least one Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00292] Example 31 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a first wireless communication station, the apparatus comprising means for processing at least one channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station; means for determining one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame; and means for transmitting a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising the one or more ranging measurements, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame.

[00293] Example 32 includes the subject matter of Example 31, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00294] Example 33 includes the subject matter of Example 32, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110".

[00295] Example 34 includes the subject matter of Example 32 or 33, and optionally, comprising means for processing another channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, determining Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, and transmitting a CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype. [00296] Example 35 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 31-34, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00297] Example 36 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 31-35, and optionally, comprising means for processing a plurality of channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, determining a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of channel sounding frames, and transmitting the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00298] Example 37 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 31-36, and optionally, wherein the at least one channel sounding frame comprises at least one Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00299] Example 38 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a first wireless communication station to in response to a ranging measurement channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station, transmit a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the ranging measurement channel sounding frame, the LMR feedback frame comprising an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and in response to a Channel State Information (CSI) measurement channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, transmit a CSI feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the CSI feedback frame comprising CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame, the CSI feedback frame comprising the indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00300] Example 39 includes the subject matter of Example 38, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00301] Example 40 includes the subject matter of Example 39, and optionally, wherein a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprises the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype. [00302] Example 41 includes the subject matter of Example 39 or 40, and optionally, wherein the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype comprises a value of "1110". [00303] Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 38-41, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00304] Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 38-42, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames, and to transmit the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00305] Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 38-43, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of CSI measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations based on the plurality of CSI measurement cannel sounding frames, and to transmit the CSI feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame, the MU CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations.

[00306] Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 38-44, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00307] Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 38-45, and optionally, comprising a radio to transmit the LMR feedback frame.

[00308] Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 38-46, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

[00309] Example 48 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a first wireless communication station, the first wireless communication station comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the first wireless communication station to in response to a ranging measurement channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station, transmit a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the ranging measurement channel sounding frame, the LMR feedback frame comprising an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and in response to a Channel State Information (CSI) measurement channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, transmit a CSI feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the CSI feedback frame comprising CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame, the CSI feedback frame comprising the indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged. [00310] Example 49 includes the subject matter of Example 48, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00311] Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 49, and optionally, wherein a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprises the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00312] Example 51 includes the subject matter of Example 49 or 50, and optionally, wherein the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype comprises a value of "1110".

[00313] Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-51, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00314] Example 53 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-52, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames, and to transmit the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00315] Example 54 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-53, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of CSI measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations based on the plurality of CSI measurement cannel sounding frames, and to transmit the CSI feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame, the MU CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations.

[00316] Example 55 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-54, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame. [00317] Example 56 includes a method to be performed at a first wireless communication station, the method comprising in response to a ranging measurement channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station, transmitting a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the ranging measurement channel sounding frame, the LMR feedback frame comprising an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and in response to a Channel State Information (CSI) measurement channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, transmitting a CSI feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the CSI feedback frame comprising CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame, the CSI feedback frame comprising the indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00318] Example 57 includes the subject matter of Example 56, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype. [00319] Example 58 includes the subject matter of Example 57, and optionally, wherein a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprises the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00320] Example 59 includes the subject matter of Example 57 or 58, and optionally, wherein the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype comprises a value of "1110".

[00321] Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 56-59, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00322] Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 56-60, and optionally, comprising processing a plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, determining a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames, and transmitting the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00323] Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 56-61, and optionally, comprising processing a plurality of CSI measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, determining CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations based on the plurality of CSI measurement cannel sounding frames, and transmitting the CSI feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame, the MU CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations.

[00324] Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 56-62, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00325] Example 64 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a first wireless communication station to in response to a ranging measurement channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station, transmit a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the ranging measurement channel sounding frame, the LMR feedback frame comprising an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and in response to a Channel State Information (CSI) measurement channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, transmit a CSI feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the CSI feedback frame comprising CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame, the CSI feedback frame comprising the indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00326] Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 64, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00327] Example 66 includes the subject matter of Example 65, and optionally, wherein a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprises the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00328] Example 67 includes the subject matter of Example 65 or 66, and optionally, wherein the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype comprises a value of "1110".

[00329] Example 68 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-67, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (To A) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00330] Example 69 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-68, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames, and to transmit the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00331] Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-69, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of CSI measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations based on the plurality of CSI measurement cannel sounding frames, and to transmit the CSI feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame, the MU CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations. [00332] Example 71 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-70, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00333] Example 72 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a first wireless communication station, the apparatus comprising means for, in response to a ranging measurement channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station, transmitting a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the ranging measurement channel sounding frame, the LMR feedback frame comprising an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and means for, in response to a Channel State Information (CSI) measurement channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, transmitting a CSI feedback frame to the second wireless communication station, the CSI feedback frame comprising CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame, the CSI feedback frame comprising the indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

[00334] Example 73 includes the subject matter of Example 72, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype. [00335] Example 74 includes the subject matter of Example 73, and optionally, wherein a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprises the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00336] Example 75 includes the subject matter of Example 73 or 74, and optionally, wherein the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype comprises a value of "1110".

[00337] Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 72-75, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00338] Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 72-76, and optionally, comprising means for processing a plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, determining a plurality of ranging measurements based on the plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames, and transmitting the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

[00339] Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 72-77, and optionally, comprising means for processing a plurality of CSI measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, determining CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations based on the plurality of CSI measurement cannel sounding frames, and transmitting the CSI feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame, the MU CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI corresponding to the plurality of second wireless communication stations.

[00340] Example 79 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 72-78, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00341] Example 80 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a first wireless communication station to transmit a channel sounding frame to a second wireless communication station; process a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame from the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and select not to acknowledge the LMR feedback frame based on the indication.

[00342] Example 81 includes the subject matter of Example 80, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00343] Example 82 includes the subject matter of Example 81, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110".

[00344] Example 83 includes the subject matter of Example 81 or 82, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to transmit another channel sounding frame to the second wireless communication station, and to process a CSI feedback frame comprising Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00345] Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 83, and optionally, wherein the CSI feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame comprising CSI information corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations.

[00346] Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 80-84, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00347] Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 80-85, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame comprising a plurality of ranging measurements corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations. [00348] Example 87 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 80-86, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to determine a location-based measurement based on the one or more ranging measurements.

[00349] Example 88 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 80-87, and optionally, wherein the channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00350] Example 89 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 80-88, and optionally, comprising a radio to transmit the NDP sounding frame.

[00351] Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 80-89, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

[00352] Example 91 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a first wireless communication station, the first wireless communication station comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the first wireless communication station to transmit a channel sounding frame to a second wireless communication station; process a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame from the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and select not to acknowledge the LMR feedback frame based on the indication.

[00353] Example 92 includes the subject matter of Example 91, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00354] Example 93 includes the subject matter of Example 92, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110".

[00355] Example 94 includes the subject matter of Example 92 or 93, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to transmit another channel sounding frame to the second wireless communication station, and to process a CSI feedback frame comprising Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00356] Example 95 includes the subject matter of Example 94, and optionally, wherein the CSI feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame comprising CSI information corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations.

[00357] Example 96 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 91-95, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00358] Example 97 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 91-96, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame comprising a plurality of ranging measurements corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations.

[00359] Example 98 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 91-97, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to determine a location-based measurement based on the one or more ranging measurements. [00360] Example 99 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 91-98, and optionally, wherein the channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00361] Example 100 includes a method to be performed at a first wireless communication station, the method comprising transmitting a channel sounding frame to a second wireless communication station; processing a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame from the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and selecting not to acknowledge the LMR feedback frame based on the indication.

[00362] Example 101 includes the subject matter of Example 100, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00363] Example 102 includes the subject matter of Example 101, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110".

[00364] Example 103 includes the subject matter of Example 101 or 102, and optionally, comprising transmitting another channel sounding frame to the second wireless communication station, and processing a CSI feedback frame comprising Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00365] Example 104 includes the subject matter of Example 103, and optionally, wherein the CSI feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame comprising CSI information corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations. [00366] Example 105 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 100-104, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement. [00367] Example 106 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 100-105, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame comprising a plurality of ranging measurements corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations.

[00368] Example 107 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 100-106, and optionally, comprising determining a location-based measurement based on the one or more ranging measurements.

[00369] Example 108 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 100-107, and optionally, wherein the channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00370] Example 109 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a first wireless communication station to transmit a channel sounding frame to a second wireless communication station; process a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame from the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and select not to acknowledge the LMR feedback frame based on the indication.

[00371] Example 110 includes the subject matter of Example 109, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00372] Example 111 includes the subject matter of Example 110, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110".

[00373] Example 112 includes the subject matter of Example 110 or 111, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the first wireless communication station to transmit another channel sounding frame to the second wireless communication station, and to process a CSI feedback frame comprising Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype. [00374] Example 113 includes the subject matter of Example 112, and optionally, wherein the CSI feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame comprising CSI information corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations. [00375] Example 114 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 109-113, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00376] Example 115 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 109-114, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame comprising a plurality of ranging measurements corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations. [00377] Example 116 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 109-115, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the first wireless communication station to determine a location-based measurement based on the one or more ranging measurements.

[00378] Example 117 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 109-116, and optionally, wherein the channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00379] Example 118 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a first wireless communication station, the apparatus comprising means for transmitting a channel sounding frame to a second wireless communication station; means for processing a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame from the second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the channel sounding frame, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and means for selecting not to acknowledge the LMR feedback frame based on the indication. [00380] Example 119 includes the subject matter of Example 118, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

[00381] Example 120 includes the subject matter of Example 119, and optionally, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110". [00382] Example 121 includes the subject matter of Example 119 or 120, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting another channel sounding frame to the second wireless communication station, and processing a CSI feedback frame comprising Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

[00383] Example 122 includes the subject matter of Example 121, and optionally, wherein the CSI feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame comprising CSI information corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations.

[00384] Example 123 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 118-122, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (To A) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

[00385] Example 124 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 118-123, and optionally, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame comprising a plurality of ranging measurements corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations.

[00386] Example 125 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 118-124, and optionally, comprising means for determining a location-based measurement based on the one or more ranging measurements.

[00387] Example 126 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 118-126, and optionally, wherein the channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

[00388] Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may be utilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more other embodiments, or vice versa.

[00389] While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a first wireless communication station to: process at least one channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station; determine one or more ranging measurements based on said channel sounding frame; and transmit a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to said second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising the one or more ranging measurements, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the value in the subtype subfield comprises a value of "1110".

4. The apparatus of claim 2 configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process another channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, to determine Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, and to transmit a CSI feedback frame comprising the CSI, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-5 configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine a plurality of ranging measurements based on said plurality of channel sounding frames, and to transmit the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the at least one channel sounding frame comprises at least one Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-5 comprising a radio to transmit said LMR feedback frame.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-5 comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

10. A system of wireless communication comprising an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a first wireless communication station to:

in response to a ranging measurement channel sounding frame from at least one second wireless communication station, transmit a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame to said second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on the ranging measurement channel sounding frame, the LMR feedback frame comprising an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and

in response to a Channel State Information (CSI) measurement channel sounding frame from the second wireless communication station, transmit a CSI feedback frame to said second wireless communication station, the CSI feedback frame comprising CSI based on the CSI measurement channel sounding frame, the CSI feedback frame comprising the indication that the CSI feedback frame is not to be acknowledged.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprises the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

13. The system of claim 10, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

14. The system of any one of claims 10-13, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless communication station to process a plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames from a plurality of second wireless communication stations, to determine a plurality of ranging measurements based on said plurality of ranging measurement channel sounding frames, and to transmit the LMR feedback frame comprising a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame, the MU LMR feedback frame comprising the plurality of ranging measurements.

15. The system of any one of claims 10-13, wherein the ranging measurement channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

16. The system of any one of claims 10-13, wherein the apparatus comprises one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

17. A method to be performed at a first wireless communication station, the method comprising:

transmitting a channel sounding frame to a second wireless communication station; processing a Location Measurement Report (LMR) feedback frame from said second wireless communication station, the LMR feedback frame comprising one or more ranging measurements based on said channel sounding frame, and an indication that the LMR feedback frame is not to be acknowledged by an acknowledgement (Ack) frame; and

selecting not to acknowledge said LMR feedback frame based on the indication.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a frame control field comprising a subtype subfield, the subtype subfield comprising a value to indicate an "Action No Ack" or a "No Ack" subtype.

19. The method of claim 18 comprising transmitting another channel sounding frame to the second wireless communication station, and processing a CSI feedback frame comprising Channel State Information (CSI) based on the another channel sounding frame, a subtype subfield of a frame control field of the CSI feedback frame comprising the value to indicate the "Action No Ack" or the "No Ack" subtype.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the CSI feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) CSI feedback frame comprising CSI information corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises at least one measurement selected from the group consisting of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement, a Time of Arrival (ToA) measurement, a Time of Departure (ToD) measurement, and an Angle of Departure (AoD) measurement.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein the LMR feedback frame comprises a Multi-User (MU) LMR feedback frame comprising a plurality of ranging measurements corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication stations.

23. The method of claim 17 comprising determining a location-based measurement based on the one or more ranging measurements.

24. The method of claim 17, wherein the channel sounding frame comprises a Null Data Packet (NDP) sounding frame.

25. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 17-24.