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WO2018197701A1 - Matériau de tube en acier inoxydable austénitique dans un vaporisateur de gnl - Google Patents

Matériau de tube en acier inoxydable austénitique dans un vaporisateur de gnl Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018197701A1
WO2018197701A1 PCT/EP2018/060953 EP2018060953W WO2018197701A1 WO 2018197701 A1 WO2018197701 A1 WO 2018197701A1 EP 2018060953 W EP2018060953 W EP 2018060953W WO 2018197701 A1 WO2018197701 A1 WO 2018197701A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
lng
tube sheet
vaporiser
uns
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/060953
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Shipley
Original Assignee
Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab filed Critical Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab
Priority to EP18721749.2A priority Critical patent/EP3615876A1/fr
Publication of WO2018197701A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018197701A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/125—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to use of the alloy of UNS S31266 in at least one tube of an LNG vaporiser, and to an LNG vaporiser comprising a shell, at least one tube, and a tube sheet.
  • Combustible gases such as natural gas, bio gas, etc. may be liquefied in order to be transported from a source of gas, e.g. to overseas markets by means of liquefied gas tankers.
  • Liquefied Natural Gas relates to such liquefied combustible gases.
  • the LNG has to be vaporised.
  • An LNG vaporiser comprises a heat exchanger, wherein the LNG is heated from its cryogenic storing temperature to the boiling point of the LNG.
  • the LNG vaporiser may for instance comprise a shell and tube heat exchanger, wherein one of the LNG and a heating fluid, such as seawater, flows through the tube/s, and the other of the LNG and the heating fluid flows through the shell.
  • the alloys UNS S31254 and UNS N08367 have been used in tubes, and the alloy UNS N08367 has been in tube sheets, in LNG vaporisers. In use with seawater as a heating fluid, this combination of materials, although relatively corrosion resistant on their own, has caused crevice corrosion in the joints between the tubes and the tube sheets.
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • the alloy which has a composition within UNS S31266 in at least one tube of an LNG vaporiser, the LNG vaporiser comprising a shell and arranged therein the at least one tube extending at least partially through a tube sheet.
  • an LNG vaporiser 2 comprising a shell, at least one tube, and a tube sheet.
  • the at least one tube and the tube sheet are arranged inside the shell, and the at least one tube extends at least partially through the tube sheet.
  • the at least one tube is made from an alloy according to the standard UNS S31266.
  • the austenitic stainless steel material according to the standard UNS S31266 in the at least one tube of the LNG vaporiser reduces, or even eliminates crevice corrosion affecting the at least one tube.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a cross section through an LNG vaporiser according to embodiments
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a cross section through a tube and a tube sheet of an LNG vaporiser according to embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a cross section through an LNG vaporiser 2 according to embodiments.
  • An LNG vaporiser may also be referred to as a regasification unit.
  • the LNG vaporiser 2 comprises a shell 4, at least one tube 6, and two tube sheets 8, one at each end portion of the shell 4.
  • the at least one tube 6 and the tube sheet 8 are arranged inside the shell 4.
  • the at least one tube 6 is made from the austenitic stainless steel material UNS S31266.
  • UNS S31266 refers to an austenitic alloy having the following chemical composition in weight %:
  • the at least one tube 6 may be a seamless tube. In this manner a durable tube may be provided in the LNG vaporiser 2. According to one embodiment, the at least one tube 6 may be a welded tube.
  • the at least one tube 6 and the tube sheet 8 are arranged inside the shell 4.
  • the LNG vaporiser 2 comprises an inlet header 13 and an outlet header 15.
  • the at least one tube 6 is fluidly connected to the inlet and outlet headers 13, 15.
  • the LNG vaporiser 2 comprises a gas inlet 10 fluidly connected to the inlet header 13 and a gas outlet 12 fluidly connected to the outlet header 15.
  • the LNG vaporiser 2 comprises a heating fluid inlet 14 fluidly connected to a heating fluid space 17 inside the shell 4 and a heating fluid outlet 16 fluidly connected to the heating fluid space 17.
  • the tube sheets 8 delimit the heating fluid space 17 within the shell 4 from an inlet header 13 of the LNG and an outlet header 15 of vaporised LNG.
  • the LNG vaporiser 2 comprises a number of tubes 6, wherein each of the number of tubes 6 extends at least partially through the tube sheet 8, and wherein each of the number of tubes 6 is made from UNS S31266.
  • each of the tubes 6 of the number of tubes 6 is a seamless tube. In this manner, durable tubes 6 may be provided in the LNG vaporiser 2.
  • the LNG vaporiser 2 forms a shell and tube heat exchanger and during operation of the LNG vaporiser 2, LNG is provided to the gas inlet 10 and conducted through the inlet header 13 and the at least one tube 6 to the outlet header 15 and the gas outlet 12.
  • a heating fluid such as seawater, is conducted through the heating fluid space of the shell 4, from the heating fluid inlet 14 to the heating fluid outlet 16.
  • heat is transferred from the heating fluid in the heating fluid space 17 to the LNG in the at least one tube 6, vaporising the LNG. Accordingly, vaporised LNG flows of out of the gas outlet 12.
  • the LNG vaporiser 2 may be positioned at an angle such that LNG in liquid form is held in the inlet header 13 and partially in the at least one tube 6, and only vaporised LNG in the at least one tube 6 reaches the outlet header 15 and the gas outlet 12.
  • a vertical or horizontal orientation of the LNG vaporiser 2 may alternatively be used.
  • seawater may be used as a heating fluid in the LNG vaporiser 2 without crevice corrosion affecting the tubes 6, or at least with crevice corrosion affecting the tubes 6 only to a limited extent.
  • seawater relates to water from an ocean, which may have a salinity of e.g. 3.5 %.
  • the heating fluid may flow through the tubes 6 of the LNG vaporiser 2, and the LNG may flow through the shell 4.
  • the LNG vaporiser may comprise at least one tube extending in the shape of a helical coil inside the shell
  • the LNG vaporiser may comprise at least one U-shaped tube and only one tube sheet, the inlet and outlet headers being fluidly connected to respective ends of the U-shaped tube.
  • Flow directing baffles may be arranged inside the shell in order to direct the flow of heating fluid along a particular path, e.g. an undulating path, from the heating fluid inlet 14 to the heating fluid outlet 16.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a cross section through an end portion of a tube 6 and a portion of a tube sheet 8 of an LNG vaporiser according to embodiments.
  • the LNG vaporiser comprises a large number of such tubes 6 arranged at the tube sheet 8, of which only one tube 6 is shown.
  • the tube 6 extends at least partially through the tube sheet 8.
  • the tube 6 extends through the entire tube sheet 8.
  • the tube sheet 8 is provided with a through hole 18 and the end portion of the tube 6 extends in, and through, the through hole 18.
  • the tube sheet 8 is provided with the through hole 18, wherein the at least one tube 6 is fastened to the tube sheet 8 via an expanded portion 20 of the at least one tube 6 engaging with the tube sheet 8.
  • a recess 22 is provided in the tube sheet 8 in connection with the through hole 18.
  • the expanded portion 20 engages with the recess 22.
  • the recess 22 extends circumferentially along a perimeter of the through hole 18 and the expanded portion 20 forms a ring-shaped bulge around the tube 6.
  • the expanded portion 20 may be produced by applying pneumatic or hydraulic pressure to an inside of the end portion of the tube 6 within a region of the through hole 18, or by roller expansion. Since the at least one tube 6 is made from the austenitic stainless steel material
  • the through hole 18 may be drilled and reamed in the tube sheet 8, and the tube sheet 8 may be machined to form the ring-shaped recess 22. In the illustrated embodiments, two ring shaped recesses are shown. Additionally, or alternatively, the end portion of the tube 6 may be provided with an expanded portion adjacent to the tube sheet 8 on one or both sides of the through hole 18.
  • the use of at least one expanded portion 20 of the at least one tube 6 to engage the tube sheet 8 of the LNG vaporiser 2 may eliminate the need for welding the at least one tube 6 to the tube sheet 8.
  • the at least one tube 6 may be welded to the tube sheet 8 on one side of the tube sheet 8, suitably on the header side of the tube sheet 8.
  • a circumferential weld 24 may extend around the tube 6. The weld 24 may seal the tube 6 against the tube sheet 8. Providing a weld at only one side of the tube sheet 8 permits thermal contraction and expansion of the tube 6 in the region of the tube sheet 8 thus, avoiding stress in the weld 24.
  • the tube 6 will not be affected by crevice corrosion, at least not to any significant extent, if heating fluid should penetrate into the crevice between the tube 6 and the tube sheet 8.
  • the tube 6 is made from the austenitic stainless steel material UNS S31266.
  • the use of an alloy according to the standard UNS S31266 in the at least one tube 6 of the LNG vaporiser 2 eliminates, or at least considerably reduces, the risk of crevice corrosion affecting the at least one tube 6.
  • the tubes may have a diameter of 20 mm with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm.
  • the tube sheet may have a thickness of 125 mm.
  • Lengths and numbers of tubes as well as the diameter of the shell is selected depending on the required LNG vaporising capacity of the relevant LNG vaporiser. For instance, the diameter of the shell may be within a range of 1 - 3 m and the length of the shell may be within a range of 3 - 15 m.
  • the tube sheet 8 may be made from the alloy according to the standard UNS S31266.
  • the use of an alloy according to UNS S31266 in the tube sheet 8 of the LNG vaporiser 2 also eliminates, or at least considerably reduces, the risk of crevice corrosion affecting the tube sheet 8.
  • an LNG vaporiser for use with seawater as a heating fluid, having low, or even no, risk of crevice corrosion between the tubes 6 and the tube sheet 8 may be provided without any additional sealing between the tubes 6 and the tube sheet 8.
  • the tube sheet 8 may be made from an alloy according to UNS N06022, a nickel alloy. Since UNS N06022 has high corrosion resistance, comparable to that of UNS S31266, although at a higher price, in such embodiments, the risk of crevice corrosion affecting the tube sheet 8 may also be eliminated, or at least considerably reduced. Thus, an LNG vaporiser for use with seawater as a heating fluid, having low, or even no, risk of crevice corrosion between the tube/s 6 and the tube sheet 8 may be provided without any additional sealing between the tube/s 6 and the tube sheet 8.
  • UNS N06022 refers to a material having the following chemical composition in weight %:
  • the tube sheet 8 may be made from an alloy according to UNS N10276, a different nickel alloy having somewhat lower corrosion resistance than UNS N06022.
  • the corrosion resistance may be sufficient to at least reduce the risk of crevice corrosion affecting the tube sheet 8.
  • an LNG vaporiser having low risk of crevice corrosion between the tube/s 6 and the tube sheet 8 may be provided without any additional sealing between the tube/s 6 and the tube sheet 8.
  • UNS N 10276 refers to a material having the following chemical composition in weight %:
  • the invention also relates to the use of UNS S31266 in an LNG vaporiser as discussed above with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
  • UNS S31266 in at least one tube 6 of an LNG vaporiser 2, the LNG vaporiser 2 comprising a shell 4 and arranged therein the at least one tube 6 extending at least partially through a tube sheet 8.
  • the use may encompass use of UNS S31266 in the tube sheet 8.
  • seawater is used as a heating fluid for vaporising LNG.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un vaporisateur de GNL (2) comprenant une coque (4), au moins un tube (6) et une plaque tubulaire (8). Ledit tube (6) et la plaque tubulaire (8) sont disposés à l'intérieur de la coque (4) et ledit au moins un tube (6) s'étend au moins partiellement à travers la plaque tubulaire (8). Ledit au moins un tube (6) est en UNS S31266,5.
PCT/EP2018/060953 2017-04-28 2018-04-27 Matériau de tube en acier inoxydable austénitique dans un vaporisateur de gnl WO2018197701A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18721749.2A EP3615876A1 (fr) 2017-04-28 2018-04-27 Matériau de tube en acier inoxydable austénitique dans un vaporisateur de gnl

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1750513-2 2017-04-28
SE1750513 2017-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018197701A1 true WO2018197701A1 (fr) 2018-11-01

Family

ID=62104271

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/060953 WO2018197701A1 (fr) 2017-04-28 2018-04-27 Matériau de tube en acier inoxydable austénitique dans un vaporisateur de gnl

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3615876A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018197701A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102812832B1 (ko) * 2021-12-17 2025-05-29 한국기계연구원 와이어 코일 적용 극저온 열교환기

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4675156A (en) * 1984-08-20 1987-06-23 Nippon Steel Corporation Structural austenitic stainless steel with superior proof stress and toughness at cryogenic temperatures
WO2003085317A1 (fr) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-16 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Procede et appareil de regazeification de gnl a bord d'un methanier
US20040238161A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-02 Al-Anizi Salamah S. Anti-corrosion proteftion for heat exchanger tube sheet
US7494573B2 (en) * 2002-04-05 2009-02-24 Wme Gesellschaft Fur Windkraftbetriebene Meerwasserentsalzung Mbh Evaporator tube for a sea water desalination system
EP2042616A1 (fr) * 2006-07-13 2009-04-01 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation PLAQUE EN ACIER INOXYDABLE EN AUSTÉNITE ROULÉE AYANT UNE ÉPAISSEUR SUPÉRIEURE OU ÉGALE À 100 mm ET PROCÉDÉ DE PRODUCTION DE CELLE-CI

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4675156A (en) * 1984-08-20 1987-06-23 Nippon Steel Corporation Structural austenitic stainless steel with superior proof stress and toughness at cryogenic temperatures
WO2003085317A1 (fr) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-16 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Procede et appareil de regazeification de gnl a bord d'un methanier
US7494573B2 (en) * 2002-04-05 2009-02-24 Wme Gesellschaft Fur Windkraftbetriebene Meerwasserentsalzung Mbh Evaporator tube for a sea water desalination system
US20040238161A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-02 Al-Anizi Salamah S. Anti-corrosion proteftion for heat exchanger tube sheet
EP2042616A1 (fr) * 2006-07-13 2009-04-01 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation PLAQUE EN ACIER INOXYDABLE EN AUSTÉNITE ROULÉE AYANT UNE ÉPAISSEUR SUPÉRIEURE OU ÉGALE À 100 mm ET PROCÉDÉ DE PRODUCTION DE CELLE-CI

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102812832B1 (ko) * 2021-12-17 2025-05-29 한국기계연구원 와이어 코일 적용 극저온 열교환기

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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