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WO2018194705A1 - Appareil, système et procédé de communication d'une transmission selon un schéma de codage spatio-temporel - Google Patents

Appareil, système et procédé de communication d'une transmission selon un schéma de codage spatio-temporel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018194705A1
WO2018194705A1 PCT/US2017/050877 US2017050877W WO2018194705A1 WO 2018194705 A1 WO2018194705 A1 WO 2018194705A1 US 2017050877 W US2017050877 W US 2017050877W WO 2018194705 A1 WO2018194705 A1 WO 2018194705A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
subcarriers
ofdm symbols
pilot sequence
pilot
spatial stream
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/050877
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Artyom LOMAYEV
Alexander Maltsev
Michael Genossar
Claudio Da Silva
Carlos Cordeiro
Original Assignee
Intel Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel Corporation filed Critical Intel Corporation
Priority to US16/495,522 priority Critical patent/US11290211B2/en
Publication of WO2018194705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018194705A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2627—Modulators
    • H04L27/2634—Inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators in combination with other circuits for modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0016—Time-frequency-code
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein generally relate to communicating a transmission according to a space-time encoding scheme.
  • a wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave (mmWave) band may provide high-speed data access for users of wireless communication devices.
  • mmWave millimeter-wave
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a transmit space-time diversity scheme, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a mapping of symbols to subcarriers, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a random generator, which may be implemented to generate a value to be applied to a pilot sequence, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a pilot mapping scheme, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of communicating a transmission according to a space-time encoding scheme, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of communicating a transmission according to a space-time encoding scheme, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”, “computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”, “checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.
  • processing may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.
  • plural and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, for example, “multiple” or “two or more”.
  • a plurality of items includes two or more items.
  • references to "one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrative embodiment”, “various embodiments” etc indicate that the embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), a wireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a wearable device, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11 - 2016 ⁇ IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11 - 2016 ⁇ IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11 - 2016 ⁇ IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 8
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, Radio Frequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E- TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single- carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBeeTM, Ultra- Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile communication
  • wireless device includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, or the like.
  • a wireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integrated with a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer.
  • the term "wireless device” may optionally include a wireless service.
  • the term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a communication signal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receiving the communication signal.
  • a communication unit which is capable of communicating a communication signal, may include a transmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one other communication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal from at least one other communication unit.
  • the verb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting or the action of receiving.
  • the phrase "communicating a signal” may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving the signal by a second device.
  • the phrase "communicating a signal” may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting the signal by a second device.
  • the communication signal may be transmitted and/or received, for example, in the form of Radio Frequency (RF) communication signals, and/or any other type of signal.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • circuitry may refer to, be part of, or include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules
  • circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.
  • logic may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus.
  • the logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations.
  • logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors Logic may be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like.
  • logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and the like.
  • Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory, e.g., registers, stuck, buffers, and/or the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN, e.g., a WiFi network.
  • Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, for example, a wireless area network, a "piconet", a WPAN, a WVAN and the like.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), e.g., 60GHz.
  • GHz gigahertz
  • other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20Ghz and 300GHz, a frequency band above 45GHz, a frequency band below 20GHz, e.g., a Sub 1 GHz (S1G) band, a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.
  • EHF Extremely High Frequency
  • S1G Sub 1 GHz
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
  • antenna may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays.
  • the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements.
  • the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.
  • the antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • DBand directional band
  • DMG communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 Gigabit per second, e.g., at least 7 Gigabit per second, at least 30 Gigabit per second, or any other rate.
  • DMG STA also referred to as a "mmWave STA (mSTA)"
  • mmWave STA mmWave STA
  • the DMG STA may perform other additional or alternative functionality.
  • Other embodiments may be implemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • system 100 may include one or more wireless communication devices.
  • system 100 may include a wireless communication device 102, a wireless communication device 140, and/or one more other devices.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may include a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an UltrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or nonportable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desk
  • device 102 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182, an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185.
  • Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardware components and/or software components.
  • some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or wireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separate devices.
  • processor 191 and/or processor 181 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), an Application-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose or specific processor or controller.
  • Processor 191 may execute instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications.
  • Processor 181 may execute instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.
  • OS Operating System
  • OS Operating System
  • input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device.
  • Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183 may include, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.
  • LED Light Emitting Diode
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units.
  • Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 may include, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units.
  • Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195 may store data processed by device 102.
  • Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185 may store data processed by device 140.
  • wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103.
  • wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radio channel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, and the like.
  • WM 103 may include one or more directional bands and/or channels.
  • WM 103 may include one or more millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication bands and/or channels.
  • mmWave millimeter-wave
  • WM 103 may include one or more DMG channels. In other embodiments WM 103 may include any other directional channels.
  • WM 103 may include any other type of channel over any other frequency band.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may include one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wireless communication between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other wireless communication devices.
  • device 102 may include at least one radio 114, and/or device 140 may include at least one radio 144.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data.
  • radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116, and/or radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data
  • Tx wireless transmitters
  • radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118
  • radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144, transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may include circuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters; filters; and/or the like.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and the like.
  • NIC wireless Network Interface Card
  • radios 114 and/or 144 may be configured to communicate over a directional band, for example, an mmWave band, and/or any other band, for example, a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, a S1G band, and/or any other band.
  • a directional band for example, an mmWave band, and/or any other band, for example, a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, a S1G band, and/or any other band.
  • radios 114 and/or 144 may include, or may be associated with one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas.
  • device 102 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 107, and/or device 140 may include on or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 147.
  • Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays.
  • Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include directional antennas, which may be steered to one or more beam directions.
  • antennas 107 may be steered to one or more beam directions 135, and/or antennas 147 may be steered to one or more beam directions 145.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include and/or may be implemented as part of a single Phased Antenna Array (PAA).
  • PAA Phased Antenna Array
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may be implemented as part of a plurality of PAAs, for example, as a plurality of physically independent PAAs.
  • a PAA may include, for example, a rectangular geometry, e.g., including an integer number, denoted M, of rows, and an integer number, denoted N, of columns.
  • M integer number
  • N integer number
  • any other types of antennas and/or antenna arrays may be used.
  • antennas 107 and/or antennas 147 may be connected to, and/or associated with, one or more Radio Frequency (RF) chains.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • device 102 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 109 connected to, and/or associated with, antennas 107.
  • one or more of RF chains 109 may be included as part of, and/or implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 114, e.g., as part of transmitter 118 and/or receiver 116.
  • device 140 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 149 connected to, and/or associated with, antennas 147.
  • one or more of RF chains 149 may be included as part of, and/or implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 144, e.g., as part of transmitter 148 and/or receiver 146.
  • device 102 may include a controller 124
  • device 140 may include a controller 154.
  • Controller 124 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices; and/or controller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices, e.g., as described below.
  • controllers 124 and/or 154 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • MAC Media-Access Control
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • BB baseband
  • AP Application Processor
  • controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented
  • controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.
  • a wireless device e.g., device 102
  • a wireless station e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102
  • controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.
  • a wireless device e.g., device 140
  • a wireless station e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140
  • device 102 may include a message processor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one or messages communicated by device 102.
  • message processor 128 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or message processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • device 140 may include a message processor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one or messages communicated by device 140.
  • message processor 158 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or message processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • message processors 128 and/or 158 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • At least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 1 14, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144. [0071] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller 154.
  • message processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.
  • controller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).
  • SoC System on Chip
  • the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 114.
  • the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of message processor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114.
  • controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.
  • controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 102.
  • controller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).
  • SoC System on Chip
  • the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 144.
  • the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144.
  • controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.
  • controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 140.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more STAs.
  • device 102 may include at least one STA
  • device 140 may include at least one STA.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more DMG STAs.
  • device 102 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, at least one DMG STA
  • device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, at least one DMG STA.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, any other wireless device and/or station, e.g., a WLAN STA, a WiFi STA, and the like.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, an access point (AP), e.g., a DMG AP, and/or a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), e.g., a DMG PCP, for example, an AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG AP PCP STA.
  • AP access point
  • PBSS personal basic service set
  • PCP personal basic service set
  • AP/PCP STA e.g., a DMG AP PCP STA.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, a non-AP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP STA, and/or a non-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA, for example, a non-AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non- AEVPCP STA.
  • a non-AP STA e.g., a DMG non-AP STA
  • a non-PCP STA e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA
  • a non-AP/PCP STA e.g., a DMG non- AEVPCP STA.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, any other additional or alternative device and/or station.
  • a station may include a logical entity that is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM).
  • the STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • an AP may include an entity that contains a station (STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, via the wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs.
  • STA station
  • WM wireless medium
  • the AP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point may include an entity that contains a STA, e.g., one station (STA), and coordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are members of a PBSS.
  • STA station
  • WM wireless medium
  • the PCP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality
  • a PBSS may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) basic service set (BSS) that includes, for example, one PBSS control point (PCP).
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • PCP PBSS control point
  • DS distribution system
  • intra-PBSS forwarding service may optionally be present.
  • a PCP/AP STA may include a station (STA) that is at least one of a PCP or an AP.
  • the PCP/AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a non-AP STA may include a STA that is not contained within an AP.
  • the non-AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a non-PCP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP.
  • the non-PCP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a non PCP/AP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP and that is not an AP.
  • the non-PCP/AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an Enhanced DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network.
  • NG60 Next Generation 60 GHz
  • EDMG Enhanced DMG
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may perform Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MEMO) communication, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks, e.g., over an NG60 or an EDMG frequency band.
  • MEMO Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more Specifications, for example, including one or more IEEE 802.11 Specifications, e.g., an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification, an IEEE 802.1 lay Specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • IEEE 802.11 Specifications e.g., an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification, an IEEE 802.1 lay Specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, as part of a new standard in an mmWave band, e.g., a 60GHz frequency band or any other directional band, for example, as an evolution of an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification and/or an IEEE 802. Had Specification.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured according to one or more standards, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard, which may be, for example, configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE 802. Had Specification, which may be configured to provide Wi-Fi connectivity in a 60 GHz band.
  • IEEE 802.1 lay Standard which may be, for example, configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE 802. Had Specification, which may be configured to provide Wi-Fi connectivity in a 60 GHz band.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may enable, for example, to significantly increase the data transmission rates defined in the IEEE 802. Had Specification, for example, from 7 Gigabit per second (Gbps), e.g., up to 30 Gbps, or to any other data rate, which may, for example, satisfy growing demand in network capacity for new coming applications.
  • Gbps Gigabit per second
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, to allow increasing a transmission data rate, for example, by applying MBVIO and/or channel bonding techniques.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate MEVIO communications over the mmWave wireless communication band.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to support one or more mechanisms and/or features, for example, channel bonding, Single User (SU) MIMO, and/or Multi-User (MU) MEVIO, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard and/or any other standard and/or protocol.
  • SU Single User
  • MU Multi-User
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, one or more EDMG ST As.
  • device 102 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA
  • device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may implement a communication scheme, which may include Physical layer (PHY) and/or Media Access Control (MAC) layer schemes, for example, to support one or more applications, and/or increased transmission data rates, e.g., data rates of up to 30 Gbps, or any other data rate.
  • PHY Physical layer
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • the PHY and/or MAC layer schemes may be configured to support frequency channel bonding over a mmWave band, e.g., over a 60 GHz band, SU ⁇ techniques, and/or MU ⁇ techniques.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may be configured to enable SU and/or MU communication of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplink frames (UL) using a MIMO scheme.
  • DL Downlink
  • UL Uplink frames
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more MU communication mechanisms.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more MU mechanisms, which may be configured to enable MU communication of DL frames using a MIMO scheme, for example, between a device, e.g., device 102, and a plurality of devices, e.g., including device 140 and/or one or more other devices.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and/or any other network and/or any other frequency band.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate DL ⁇ transmissions and/or UL MIMO transmissions, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks.
  • Some wireless communication Specifications may be configured to support a SU system, in which a STA may transmit frames to a single STA at a time. Such Specifications may not be able, for example, to support a STA transmitting to multiple ST As simultaneously, for example, using a MU-MIMO scheme, e.g., a DL MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.
  • a MU-MIMO scheme e.g., a DL MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a channel bandwidth, e.g., of at least 2.16GHz, in a frequency band above 45GHz.
  • a channel bandwidth e.g., of at least 2.16GHz
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may, for example, enable to extend a single-channel BW scheme, e.g., a scheme in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lad Specification or any other scheme, for higher data rates and/or increased capabilities, e.g., as described below.
  • a single-channel BW scheme e.g., a scheme in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lad Specification or any other scheme, for higher data rates and/or increased capabilities, e.g., as described below.
  • the single-channel BW scheme may include communication over a 2.16 GHz channel (also referred to as a "single-channel” or a "DMG channel”).
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support communication over a channel BW (also referred to as a "wide channel", an "EDMG channel”, or a "bonded channel") including two or more channels, e.g., two or more 2.16 GHz channels, e.g., as described below.
  • a channel BW also referred to as a "wide channel", an "EDMG channel”, or a "bonded channel
  • channels e.g., two or more 2.16 GHz channels, e.g., as described below.
  • the channel bonding mechanisms may include, for example, a mechanism and/or an operation whereby two or more channels, e.g., 2.16 GHz channels, can be combined, e.g., for a higher bandwidth of packet transmission, for example, to enable achieving higher data rates, e.g., when compared to transmissions over a single channel.
  • channels e.g., 2.16 GHz channels
  • Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to communication over a channel BW including two or more 2.16 GHz channels, however other embodiments may be implemented with respect to communications over a channel bandwidth, e.g., a "wide" channel, including or formed by any other number of two or more channels, for example, an aggregated channel including an aggregation of two or more channels.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., as described below.
  • channel bonding mechanisms may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, e.g., including two 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of two, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, e.g., including three 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of three, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, e.g., including four 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of four, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., including any other number of 2.16Ghz channels and/or according to any other channel bonding factor.
  • a channel BW of 4.32 GHz e.g., including two 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of two
  • a channel BW of 6.48 GHz e.g., including three 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding
  • device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to communicate one or more transmissions over one or more channel BWs, for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.48GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz and/or any other channel BW.
  • channel BWs for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.48GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz and/or any other channel BW.
  • introduction of MEMO may be based, for example, on implementing robust transmission modes and/or enhancing the reliability of data transmission, e.g., rather than the transmission rate, compared to a Single Input Single Output (SISO) case.
  • SISO Single Input Single Output
  • STBC Space Time Block Coding
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive a Physical Layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) having a PPDU format (also referred to as "EDMG PPDU format”), which may be configured, for example, for communication between EDMG stations, e.g., as described below.
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • EDMG PPDU format PPDU format
  • a PPDU may include at least one non-EDMG fields, e.g., a legacy field, which may be identified, decodable, and/or processed by one or more devices ("non-EDMG devices", or “legacy devices"), which may not support one or more features and/or mechanisms ("non-legacy" mechanisms or "EDMG mechanisms").
  • the legacy devices may include non-EDMG stations, which may be, for example, configured according to an IEEE 802.11-2016 Standard, and the like.
  • a non-EDMG station may include a DMG station, which is not an EDMG station.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an EDMG PPDU format 200, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • devices 102 (Fig. 1) and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more EDMG PPDUs having the structure and/or format of EDMG PPDU 200.
  • devices 102 (Fig. 1) and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more EDMG PPDUs having the structure and/or format of EDMG PPDU 200.
  • EDMG PPDU 200 may communicate EDMG PPDU 200, for example, as part of a transmission over a channel, e g , an EDMG channel, having a channel bandwidth including one or more 2.16GHz channels, for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.48GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz, and/or any other channel BW, e.g., as described below.
  • a channel BW of 2.16GHz for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.48GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz, and/or any other channel BW, e.g., as described below.
  • EDMG PPDU 200 may include a non-EDMG portion 210 ("legacy portion"), e.g., as described below.
  • non-EDMG portion 210 may include a non-EDMG (legacy) Short Training Field (STF) (L-STF) 202, a non-EDMG (Legacy) Channel Estimation Field (CEF) (L-CEF) 204, and/or a non- EDMG header (L-header) 206.
  • STF Short Training Field
  • L-STF Long Term Evolution
  • CEF Channel Estimation Field
  • L-header non-EDMG header
  • EDMG PPDU 200 may include an EDMG portion 220, for example, following non-EDMG portion 210, e.g., as described below.
  • EDMG portion 220 may include a first EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-A 208, an EDMG- STF 212, an EDMG-CEF 214, a second EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-B 216, a Data field 218, and/or one or more beamforming training fields, e.g., a TRN field 224.
  • a first EDMG header e.g., an EDMG-Header-A 208, an EDMG- STF 212, an EDMG-CEF 214
  • a second EDMG header e.g., an EDMG-Header-B 216
  • a Data field 218 e.g., a Data field 224.
  • EDMG portion 220 may include some or all of the fields shown in Fig. 2 and/or one or more other additional or alternative fields.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more techniques, which may, for example, enable to support communications over a MEMO communication channel, e.g., a SU-MIMO channel between two mmWave STAs, or a MU-MFMO channel between a STA and a plurality of STAs.
  • a MEMO communication channel e.g., a SU-MIMO channel between two mmWave STAs, or a MU-MFMO channel between a STA and a plurality of STAs.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to an encoding scheme for MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a space-time encoding scheme, which may be configured, for example, for an OFDM MEVIO, e.g., as described below.
  • the space-time encoding scheme may be implemented for example, for communication in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Specification, and/or any other standard, protocol and/or specification.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a space-time transmit encoding scheme for OFDM modulation, which may be configured, for example, for 2xN MIMO communication, e.g., as described below.
  • a space-time transmit encoding scheme for OFDM modulation may be configured, for example, for any other type of MIMO communication, e.g., any other M x N MIMO communication, e.g., wherein N is equal or greater than 2, and Mis equal or greater than 2.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a space-time transmit encoding scheme, which may utilize a frequency diversity scheme, for example, according to one or more Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) techniques.
  • DCM Dual Carrier Modulation
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a space-time transmit encoding scheme, which may extract, for example, both space and frequency diversity.
  • the space-time transmit encoding scheme may be configured, for example, in compliance with one or more aspects of an Alamouti technique, for example, as described by Siavash M. Alamouti, "A Simple Transmit Diversity Technique for Wireless Communications, " IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 16, no. 8, October 1998.
  • the space-time transmit encoding scheme may be configured to support, for example, transmission from 2 Transmit (TX) antennas to N Receive (RX) antennas, for example, for communication according to a 2 x NMIMO scheme.
  • TX Transmit
  • RX Receive
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more OFDM transmissions according to a space-time encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • a space-time transmit encoding scheme which may be configured based on a Space Time Block Coding (STBC) diversity scheme.
  • STBC Space Time Block Coding
  • other embodiments may be implemented with respect to any other additional or alternative space-time transmit encoding scheme, which may be configured based on any other frequency diversity scheme, and/or any other space-time diversity scheme, for example, an Alamouti scheme, and/or any other diversity scheme.
  • a first device (“transmitter device” or “transmitter side”), e.g., device 102, may be configured to generate and transmit an OFDM MIMO transmission based on a plurality of spatial streams (also referred to as "space-time streams”), for example, in accordance with a space-time transmit encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • a second device (“receiver device” or “receiver side”), e.g., device 140, may be configured to receive and process the OFDM MIMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams, for example, in accordance with the space-time transmit encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • one or more aspects of the space-time transmit encoding scheme described herein may be implemented, for example, to provide at least a technical solution to allow a simple combining scheme at the receiver device, for example, to mitigate and/or cancel out interference, e.g., Inter Stream Interference (ISI), to combine channel diversity gain, which may provide reliable data transmission, e.g., even in hostile channel conditions, and/or to provide one or more additional and/or alternative advantages and/or technical solutions.
  • ISI Inter Stream Interference
  • the receiver side may not even be required to use a MIMO equalizer, for example, while being able to use at least only SISO equalizers, e.g., in each stream of the plurality of spatial streams.
  • the transmit space-frequency MIMO scheme may be simple for implementation.
  • a PHY and/or Media Access Control (MAC) layer for a system operating in the 60 GHz band may be defined, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802. Had Standard, a future IEEE 802.1 lay Standard, and/or any other Standard.
  • some implementations may be configured to communicate an OFDM MIMO transmission over a directional channel, for example, using beamforming with a quite narrow beamwidth and fast enough signal transmission with typical frame duration, e.g., of about 100 microseconds (usee).
  • Such implementations may allow, for example, having a static channel per entire packet transmission, and/or may enable the receiver side to perform channel estimation at the very beginning of the packet, e.g., using a Channel Estimation Field (CEF).
  • a phase may be tracked, for example, instead of performing channel tracking using pilots. This may allow, for example, assuming a substantially unchanged or static channel over two or more successive symbol transmissions.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate an OFDM MIMO transmission according to a space- time transmit encoding scheme, which may be based on a space-time diversity scheme, for example, an STBC scheme, e.g., an Alamouti diversity scheme, or any other space-time encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • a space-time transmit encoding scheme which may be based on a space-time diversity scheme, for example, an STBC scheme, e.g., an Alamouti diversity scheme, or any other space-time encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a space-time transmit diversity scheme, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • the transmit diversity scheme of Fig. 3 illustrates spatial coding for a space-time transmit diversity scheme with a 2 x 1 configuration.
  • a space-time encoding scheme may be configured to transmit a signal, denoted So, and a signal with coding, denoted -Si * , via two antennas, denoted #0 and #1, at a time moment, denoted t; followed by a repetition of the signals as a signal, denoted Sj, and a signal with coding, denoted So*, via the antennas #0 and #1, at a subsequent time moment, denoted t + T.
  • the symbol * denotes an operation of complex conjugation.
  • This diversity scheme may create two orthogonal sequences in a space-time domain.
  • the channel does not change during consequent vector transmissions, for example, for communications over a narrow beamwidth, e.g. , over a directional frequency band, as described above. Accordingly, it may be assumed that the sequential transmissions of the signals So and Sj are transmitted through a substantially unchanged or static channel having a substantially unchanged or static channel coefficient Ho, and/or that the sequential transmissions of the signals -Si * and So * are transmitted through a substantially unchanged or static channel having a substantially unchanged or static channel coefficient H 7 .
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a space-time transmit encoding scheme, which may be configured based on the transmit diversity scheme of Fig. 3, for example, for 2 x N OFDM MIMO communication, e.g., as described below.
  • a diversity scheme which may be configured, for example, for OFDM modulation, may be applied, for example, in a frequency domain, for example, by repetition mapping to subcarriers, e.g., as described below.
  • Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a mapping scheme 400 to map symbols to subcarriers, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate an OFDM ⁇ transmission according to the mapping scheme of Fig. 4.
  • a symbol, denoted X k may be mapped to a subcarrier with an index k, e.g. , subcarrier 408, of an OFDM symbol 404, denoted symbol ⁇ l, in a spatial stream 402, denoted stream l; a symbol, denoted 7 3 ⁇ 4 , may be mapped to a subcarrier with an index k, e.g., subcarrier 410, of a subsequent OFDM symbol 406, denoted symbol#2, in spatial stream 402; the symbol Y k with coding, denoted -Y k *, e.g., with sign inversion and complex conjugation, may be mapped to a subcarrier with an index k, e.g.
  • subcarrier 428 of the OFDM symbol 404, in a spatial stream 422, denoted stream#2; and the symbol X k with coding, denoted X k , e.g., with complex conjugation, may be mapped to a subcarrier with an index k, e.g. , subcarrier 430, of the subsequent OFDM symbol 406, in spatial stream 422, e.g. , as described below.
  • an optimal combining technique e.g., in accordance with an Alamouti combining technique, may be applied, for example, to create diversity gain and/or cancel out inter stream interference.
  • a wireless device e.g., devices 102 and/or 140, may be configured to communicate according to a space-time transmit encoding scheme, which may define a mapping of subcarriers to a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., to two spatial streams or any other number of spatial streams, for example, for an OFDM MIMO transmission.
  • a space-time transmit encoding scheme which may define a mapping of subcarriers to a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., to two spatial streams or any other number of spatial streams, for example, for an OFDM MIMO transmission.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more OFDM MIMO transmissions according to the space-time transmit encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to utilize a pilot mapping scheme, which may be configured according to the space-time transmit encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a pilot structure, which may be configured for an OFDM MIMO transmission with the space-time transmit encoding scheme, e.g., an STBC scheme, an Alamouti scheme and/or any other space-time diversity scheme.
  • a pilot structure which may be configured for an OFDM MIMO transmission with the space-time transmit encoding scheme, e.g., an STBC scheme, an Alamouti scheme and/or any other space-time diversity scheme.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more OFDM MIMO transmissions according to a pilot sequence definition, which may be configured, for example, for an OFDM STBC scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more OFDM MIMO transmissions according to a pilot sequence definition, which may be configured, for example, for STBC for OFDM PHY, for example, for implementation in a future IEEE 802. Hay Specification, e.g., as described below.
  • a pilot sequence definition which may be configured, for example, for STBC for OFDM PHY, for example, for implementation in a future IEEE 802. Hay Specification, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more pilot sequences, which may be configured, for example, for a channel bonding transmission, for example, for a number of space-time streams equal to two In other embodiments, the pilot sequences may be implemented for any other transmission.
  • the pilot sequence may be configured, for example, to support a technical solution, which may, for example, allow SISO and/or MIMO channel estimation and/or tracking, common phase error estimation, sampling frequency estimation, phase noise realization estimation, and/or one or more other additional or alternative capabilities and/or benefits.
  • the pilot sequence may be configured, for example, to support applying an STBC scheme for pilots, e.g., in addition to data sub carriers.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more transmissions including an OFDM STBC pilot sequence, for example, for EDMG OFDM PHY, e.g., as described below
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more transmissions, for example, by performing single spatial stream to two space-time streams mapping for data and/or pilot subcarrier mapping, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to utilize a pilot mapping scheme including a structure of 16 pilots per OFDM symbol, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to utilize a mapping scheme including a structure of any other number of pilots per OFDM symbol.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to utilize a pilot mapping scheme including a pilot structure of 16 pilots per OFDM symbol, which may be, for example, spanned equidistantly in the frequency domain over the entire signal bandwidth, e.g., as described below.
  • the pilot structure may be utilized, for example, in a future standard, for example, an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard and/or any other standard.
  • a pilot structure for example, which may be configured in compliance with a legacy pilot structure, e.g., of an IEEE 802.1 lad Standard, may be reused, e.g., combined with, a space-time signal structure, for example, in accordance with an Alamouti technique or any other space-time diversity scheme, which may be configured, for example, at least to allow to combine signals, to cancel out inter stream interference, and/or to combine channel gain.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a pilot structure, which may be configured, for example, to allow applying a space-time diversity scheme, e.g., an Alamouti demodulation approach, to cancel out inter stream interference, and/or to combine a diversity gain from a channel existing between M Transmit (Tx) antennas, e.g., 2 Tx antennas, and N Receive (Rx) antennas.
  • a space-time diversity scheme e.g., an Alamouti demodulation approach
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a pilot structure, which may be configured, for example, in accordance with on an OFDM pilot structure, e.g., as described below.
  • the pilot structure may be configured based, on, in accordance with, and/or in compliance with, any other additional or alternative symbol and/or pilot structure, configuration and/or scheme.
  • a pilot sequence P (also referred to as "the original pilot sequence") may be multiplied by a value 2 xp n -I, wherein p n denotes a value generated by a shift register of a random generator (scrambler).
  • Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a random generator (scrambler) 500, which may be implemented to generate a value to be applied to a pilot sequence, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement random generator 500 to generate the value of pacious.
  • any other additional or alternative random generator scheme may be implemented.
  • random generator 500 may be configured to generate a periodic sequence, e.g., of length 127 or any other length, for example, based on the polynomial x 7 +x 4 +l, for example, based on a plurality of bit values, denoted xl, x2, ... ,x7.
  • random generator 500 may be configured to generate a periodic sequence based on any other polynomial.
  • the plurality of bit values xl, x2, ...,x7 may all be set to a value of " 1", e.g., at a first OFDM symbol.
  • the pilot sequence may change the sign to inverse one, for example, if the value of 2 *p n -l is equal to (-1).
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to utilize an OFDM pilot structure, which may be configured to support an OFDM MIMO transmission, e.g., according to a 2 x N OFDM MIMO scheme, with a space-time encoding scheme, e.g., an STBC scheme, exploiting 2 transmit antennas and N receive antennas, e.g., as described below.
  • OFDM pilot structure which may be configured to support an OFDM MIMO transmission, e.g., according to a 2 x N OFDM MIMO scheme, with a space-time encoding scheme, e.g., an STBC scheme, exploiting 2 transmit antennas and N receive antennas, e.g., as described below.
  • the OFDM pilot structure may be configured to support spatial signal processing at a receiver side, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate an OFDM MBVIO transmission, e.g., according to the diversity scheme described above with reference to Figs. 3 and/or 4, for example, using a pilot structure, which may be configured, for example, for OFDM MBVIO with a space-time diversity scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station, e.g., a DMG STA or an EDMG STA, implemented by device 102 to generate and transmit an OFDM MIMO transmission to at least one other station, for example, a station implemented by device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • a wireless station e.g., a DMG STA or an EDMG STA
  • controller 124 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of a mapper 129, which may be configured to map a plurality of data symbols to OFDM symbols in a plurality of spatial streams, for example, according to a space-time diversity encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map the data symbols to the OFDM symbols according to a space-time diversity mapping scheme, for example, an STBC diversity scheme, an Alamouti-based diversity scheme and/or any other space-time diversity scheme, for example, as described above with reference to Figs. 3 and/or 4, and/or according to any other space-time diversity scheme.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map a plurality of modulated pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, which may be configured, for example, to support the space-time encoding scheme, e.g., as described below.
  • the pilot mapping scheme may be configured to map the plurality of modulated pilot sequences to a pair of OFDM symbols in first and second spatial streams, for example, with repetition coding, e.g., as described below.
  • the plurality of modulated pilot sequences may be based on a pair of pilot sequences, e.g., as described below.
  • the pilot mapping scheme may include a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial (space-time) stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial (space-time) stream, e.g., as described below.
  • the first modulated pilot sequence may include a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, e.g., as described below.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, and to map the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, e.g., as described below.
  • the second modulated pilot sequence may include the second pilot sequence with sign inversion mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and the first pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, e.g., as described below.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map the second pilot sequence with sign inversion to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, e.g., as described below.
  • the first plurality of OFDM symbols may include even-numbered OFDM symbols
  • the second plurality of OFDM symbols may include odd-numbered OFDM symbols, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of a pilot sequence generator 127, which may be configured to generate a plurality of pilot sequences to be mapped by mapper 129, e g , as described below.
  • pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate the plurality of pilot sequences utilizing a random generator (scrambler), for example, random generator 500 (Fig. 5), e.g., as described above.
  • pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate a pilot sequence, e.g., the first and/or second pilot sequences, including, for example, sixteen pilot subcarriers or any other number of pilot subcarriers.
  • pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate the pilot sequence including sixteen evenly spaced pilot subcarriers. In other embodiments, pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate at least one pilot sequence having any other number of pilot subcarriers, which are not evenly spaced.
  • pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate the pilot sequence, for example, such two adjacent pilot subcarriers of the pilot sequence, e.g., each pair of adjacent sub-carriers, are 20 subcarriers apart. In other embodiments, the pilot sequence may include pilot sub- carriers spaced by any other constant or varying number of subcarriers. [00194] In some demonstrative embodiments, pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate a pilot sequence having an index n, for example, by applying to a predefined pilot sequence, denoted P, a function, which is based on a value of n.
  • pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate the pilot sequence having the index n, for example, by multiplying the pilot sequence P by the value 2 xpnaut.l.
  • a pilot sequence having an index n which may be applied to an OFDM symbol with the index «, may be generated, for example, by multiplying the pilot sequence P by the value of 2 *-poul-I.
  • the value of p n may be determined by the random generator 500 (Fig. 5), e.g., as described above.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, e.g., as described below.
  • the first scrambler bit denoted 2p 2n - 1 , may correspond to the even-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, e.g., as described below.
  • the second scrambler bit denoted 2p 2n+l - l , may correspond to the odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, e.g., as described below.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit, e.g., as described below.
  • the values of the first and second scrambler bits may be generated by random generator 500 (Fig. 5), e.g., as described above.
  • the values of the first and second scrambler bits may be determined in any other way.
  • the mapping of the first and second pilot sequences may include repetition without applying complex conjugation, for example, if the pilot sequences include one or more complex values, e.g., as described above.
  • the mapping of the first and second pilot sequences may include applying a complex conjugation for the repetition of the pilot sequences, for example, if the pilot sequences include one or more complex values, e.g., as described below.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, e.g., as described below.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to map a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, e.g., as described below.
  • the first and second pilot sequences may include mutually orthogonal sequences, e.g., as described below.
  • each of the first and second pilot sequences may include sixteen pilot subcarriers, e.g., as described below.
  • the first and/or second pilot sequences may include any other number of pilot subcarriers.
  • each of the first and second pilot sequences may have a length of 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, e.g., as described below.
  • the first and/or second pilot sequences may include evenly spaced pilot subcarners, e.g., as described below
  • two adj acent pilot subcarriers may be 20 subcarriers apart, e.g., as described below.
  • two adjacent pilot subcarriers may be spaced in any other way and/or by any other number of subcarriers.
  • the first and/or second pilot sequences may include symbol values of ⁇ 1, e.g., as described below.
  • the first and/or second pilot sequences may include any additional or alternative symbol values.
  • the first and/or second pilot sequences may include complex values, e.g., symbol values of (+j,-j).
  • a length of each of the first and/or second pilot sequences may be based on a channel bonding factor, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, the length of the first and/or second pilot sequences may be based on any other additional or alternative parameter or attribute.
  • the number Nsp of pilot subcarriers in the pilot sequence may depend, for example, on a channel bonding factor, denoted NCB, and/or on one or more additional or alternative attributes.
  • the value of NSP may be, for example, 16, 36, 56, and/or 76, respectively.
  • other values of Nsp may be used and/or values of Nsp may be defined for additional or alternative channel bonding factors.
  • the length of 16 subcarriers may correspond to a channel bonding factor of 1
  • the length of 36 subcarriers may correspond to a channel bonding factor of 2
  • the length of 56 subcarriers may correspond to a channel bonding factor of
  • the length of 76 subcarriers may correspond to a channel bonding factor of
  • pilot sequences may be defined, e.g., as follows:
  • the first pilot sequence may include the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 - 1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 - 1 ], and/or the second pilot sequence may include the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 + 1 +1 -1 -1 - 1 +1 -1], e.g., as described below.
  • any other additional or alternative pilot sequences may be implemented
  • sequences PNSPQSTS, ' ⁇ ) may be defined, e.g., in a general case, to include any mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit an OFDM MIMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.
  • controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit the plurality of spatial streams via a plurality of directional antennas, e.g., as described below.
  • the OFDM MIMO transmission may include a 2xN OFDM MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below.
  • the MEMO transmission may include any other M x N MIMO transmission.
  • the OFDM MEVIO transmission may include a 2xN OFDM MEMO transmission including two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit the first spatial stream via a first antenna of antennas 107, and to transmit the second spatial stream via a second antenna of antennas 107.
  • controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission over a frequency band above 45GHz.
  • controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.
  • controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit the OFDM ⁇ transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32GHz, 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz, or any other channel bandwidth.
  • a wireless station e.g., a wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1)
  • a wireless station may be configured to map modulated pilot sequences to a plurality of spatial streams according to pilot mapping scheme 600, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 Fig. 1
  • pilot sequence generator 127 Fig. 1
  • mapper 129 Fig. 1
  • pilot mapping scheme 600 may utilize a pilot signal structure in a frequency domain, which may be configured to support pilot mapping for a 2 x N OFDM MIMO transmission, e.g., to support an implementation in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Specification.
  • pilot mapping scheme 600 may be configured to map a first modulated pilot sequence, e.g., a modulated pilot sequence 620, to a first spatial (space-time) stream, e.g., a spatial stream 614, and to map a second modulated pilot sequence, e.g., a modulated pilot sequence 625, to a second spatial (space-time) stream, e.g., a spatial stream 644.
  • spatial stream 614 may include OFDM symbols of stream 402 (Fig. 4), and/or spatial stream 644 may include OFDM symbols of stream 422 (Fig. 4).
  • OFDM symbol 615 may include OFDM symbol 404 (Fig. 4)
  • OFDM symbol 645 may include symbol 406 (Fig. 4).
  • modulated pilot sequence 620 may include a first pilot sequence, e.g., a pilot sequence 630, mapped to a plurality of subcarners of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in spatial stream 614 and a second pilot sequence, e.g., a pilot sequence 640, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in spatial stream 614, e.g., as described below.
  • a first pilot sequence e.g., a pilot sequence 630
  • a pilot sequence 640 mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in spatial stream 614, e.g., as described below.
  • pilot sequence 640 may be mapped to subcarriers of the OFDM symbols 615 and 645 of the spatial streams 614 and 644, e.g., as described below.
  • first scrambler bit denoted 2p(n)-I
  • Nsp-l denotes a total number of pilot subcarriers in the pilot sequence
  • P N (i STS ) denotes a pilot sequence corresponding to a i STS -th space- time stream
  • M p (k) denotes a mapped pilot subcarrier index (number) corresponding to the pilot subcarrier k, for example, according to a mapping scheme for mapping pilot subcarriers of the pilot sequence to subcarriers of an OFDM symbol.
  • modulated pilot sequence 625 may include a sign inversion of pilot sequence 640 mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in spatial stream 644, and pilot sequence 630 mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in spatial stream 644, e.g., as described below.
  • pilot mapping scheme 600 may be configured to map a sign inversion complex conjugate of pilot sequence 640 to subcarriers of OFDM symbol 615 in spatial stream 644 based on the first scrambler bit, and to map a complex conjugate of pilot sequence 630 to subcarriers of OFDM symbol 645 in spatial stream 644 based on the second scrambler bit, e.g., as described below.
  • the second modulated pilot sequence P(i STS - 2) may be determined, for example, without applying complex conj ugation to the pilot symbols, for example, when the pilot sequences do not include complex values, e.g , as follows:
  • pilot sequences 630 and/or 640 may be generated, for example, by pilot sequence generator 127 (Fig. 1 ), e.g. , as described above.
  • the pilot sequences 630 and 640 may be mapped to two respective subsequent OFDM symbols in time, e.g., the OFDM symbols 615 and 645, and to a same spatial stream, e.g., spatial stream 614, corresponding to a Tx antenna, denoted Antenna #0, e.g. , as described below.
  • a repetition of the pilot sequences 630 and/or 640 may be mapped to two respective sub sequent OFDM symbols in time, e.g., the OFDM symbols 615 and 645, and to a same spatial stream, e.g. , spatial stream 644, corresponding to a Tx antenna, denoted Antenna #1 , e.g., as described below.
  • pilot sequence 640 may be, for example, repeated in spatial stream 644 with sign inversion and complex conjugation
  • OFDM symbol 645 e.g., the OFDM symbol #2 in Fig. 6
  • pilot sequence 630 may be, for example, repeated in spatial stream 644 with complex conjugation.
  • pilot sequences 630 and 640 may include mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • pilot sequences 630 and 640 may include any other sequences.
  • each of pilot sequences 630 and/or 640 may include sixteen pilot subcarriers.
  • pilot sequence 630 may include the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1]
  • pilot sequence 640 may include the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1]
  • pilot subcarriers of pilot sequences 630 and 640 may be evenly spaced.
  • two adjacent pilot subcarriers of pilot sequences 630 and 640 may be 20 subcarriers apart.
  • each of pilot sequences 630 and/or 640 may include any other number of pilot subcarriers spaced in any other way.
  • a length of each of pilot sequences 630 and/or 640 may be based on a channel bonding factor.
  • each of pilot sequences 630 and/or 640 may include a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, the length of 16 subcarriers may correspond to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers may correspond to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers may correspond to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers may correspond to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • pilot sequences 630 and/or 640 may be mapped to the same subcarrier indexes.
  • sequences 630 and 640 may be mapped to different subcarrier indexes.
  • pilot subcarriers of pilot sequences 630 and/or 640 may be mapped to pilot subcarriers between data subcarriers of spatial streams 614 and/or 644.
  • OFDM symbol 615 may include the data subcarriers of OFDM symbol 404 (Fig. 4), and/or OFDM symbol 645 may include the data subcarriers of OFDM symbol 406 (Fig. 4).
  • OFDM symbol 615 in spatial stream 614 may include pilot subcarriers of pilot sequence 630 and data subcarriers 408 (Fig. 4)
  • OFDM symbol 615 in spatial stream 644 may include a sign inversion and complex conjugation of pilot subcarriers of pilot sequence 640 and data subcarriers 428 (Fig. 4)
  • OFDM symbol 645 in spatial stream 614 may include pilot subcarriers of pilot sequence 640 and data subcarriers 410 (Fig. 4)
  • OFDM symbol 645 in spatial stream 644 may include pilot subcarriers of a complex conjugate of pilot sequence 630 and data subcarriers 430 (Fig. 4).
  • pilot sequences include real value symbols, e.g. symbol values of ⁇ 1.
  • controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device 140 to process an OFDM MIMO transmission received from another station, for example, the station implemented by device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • the received OFDM MIMO transmission may include a plurality of spatial (space-time) streams, e.g., as described above.
  • controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 140 to process the received OFDM MIMO transmission, for example, in accordance with a diversity mapping scheme, for example, the mapping scheme 300 (Fig. 3) and/or the pilot mapping scheme 600 (Fig. 6), e.g., as described below.
  • a diversity mapping scheme for example, the mapping scheme 300 (Fig. 3) and/or the pilot mapping scheme 600 (Fig. 6), e.g., as described below.
  • controller 154 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of a demodulator 157, which may be configured to process the plurality of spatial streams to demodulate the OFDM MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below.
  • demodulator 157 may be configured to demodulate the pilot signals from the OFDM MIMO transmission, for example, according to the pilot mapping scheme 600 (Fig. 6), e.g., as described below.
  • the pilot mapping scheme may include a first modulated pilot sequence, e.g., modulated sequence 620 (Fig. 6), mapped to a first spatial stream, e.g., spatial stream 614 (Fig. 6) and a second modulated pilot sequence, e.g., modulated sequence 625 (Fig. 6), mapped to a second spatial stream, e.g., spatial stream 644 (Fig. 6), the first modulated pilot sequence including a first pilot sequence, e.g., pilot sequence 630 (Fig.
  • the second modulated pilot sequence including a sign inversion of the second pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream and the first pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, e.g., as described above.
  • a space-time demodulation technique e.g. , based on an Alamouti demodulation technique, may be used, for example, to combine a plurality of pilot signals for the same subcarrier with an index k and a plurality of OFDM symbols from the first and second spatial streams, for example, in accordance with the mapping scheme 600 (Fig. 6).
  • the received pilot signals at a time, denoted t, and a subsequent time, denoted t + T may be represented, for example, as follows:
  • first and second estimated pilot signals may be determined, for example, as follows:
  • the estimated pilot signals So ⁇ and ST may be, for example, determined as follows:
  • the demodulation scheme described above may combine the channel gain, and/or may cancel out the inter stream components.
  • the estimated pilot subcarriers may be used, for example, for estimations in a modem receiver chain.
  • the demodulation scheme may be configured with respect to a transmission received via two receive antennas. In other embodiments, the demodulation scheme may be generalized for any other number of Rx antennas.
  • Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a method of communicating a transmission according to a space-time encoding scheme, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • a system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (Fig 1), and/or device 140 (Fig 1), a controller, e.g., controller 124 (Fig 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1), a mapper, e.g., mapper 129 (Fig. 1), a radio, e.g., radio 114 (Fig. 1) and/or radio 144 (Fig. 1), and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1).
  • a system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1)
  • wireless devices e.g., device 102 (Fig 1), and/or device 140 (Fig 1)
  • controller e.g., controller 124 (Fig 1) and
  • the method may include mapping a plurality of data symbols to OFDM symbols in a plurality of spatial streams.
  • mapper 129 (Fig. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) to map the plurality of data symbols to OFDM symbols in a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include mapping a plurality of modulated pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme.
  • the pilot mapping scheme may include a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence including a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second modulated pilot sequence including a sign inversion of the second pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream and the first pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, e.g., as described above.
  • mapper 129 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) to map a plurality of modulated pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to pilot mapping scheme 600 (Fig. 6), e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include transmitting an OFDM MFMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.
  • controller 124 (Fig. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig, 1) to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described above.
  • Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a method of communicating a transmission according to a space-time encoding scheme, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • a system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1), a controller, e.g., controller 124 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1), a radio, e.g., radio 114 (Fig. 1) and/or radio 144 (Fig. 1), and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1).
  • a system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1)
  • wireless devices e.g., device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1)
  • controller e.g., controller 124 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1)
  • a radio
  • the method may include receiving an OFDM MFMO transmission including a plurality of spatial streams.
  • controller 154 Fig. 1 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 140 (Fig. 1) to receive from device 102 (Fig. 1) the OFDM MFMO transmission including the plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include processing the OFDM MFMO transmission according to a diversity scheme including a plurality of data symbols mapped to OFDM symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme.
  • the pilot mapping scheme may include a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence including a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second modulated pilot sequence including a sign inversion of the second pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream and the first pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, e.g., as described above.
  • controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 140 (Fig. 1) to process the OFDM ⁇ transmission according to the diversity scheme 300 (Fig. 3) and the pilot mapping scheme 600 (Fig. 6), e.g., as described above.
  • Product 900 may include one or more tangible computer-readable (“machine readable”) non- transitory storage media 902, which may include computer-executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 904, operable to, when executed by at least one processor, e.g., computer processor, enable the at least one processor to implement one or more operations at device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), radio 114 (Fig. 1), radio 144 (Fig. 1), transmitter 118 (Fig. 1), transmitter 148 (Fig. 1), receiver 1 16 (Fig. 1), receiver 146 (Fig. 1), controller 124 (Fig.
  • Non-transitory machine- readable medium is directed to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal.
  • product 900 and/or storage media 902 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like.
  • machine-readable storage media 902 may include, RAM, DRAM, Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory (e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride- oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppy disk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like.
  • RAM random access memory
  • DDR-DRAM Double-Data-Rate DRAM
  • SDRAM static RAM
  • ROM read-only memory
  • the computer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.
  • a communication link e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.
  • logic 904 may include instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or operations as described herein.
  • the machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.
  • logic 904 may include, or may be implemented as, software, firmware, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words, values, symbols, and the like.
  • the instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • the instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform a certain function.
  • the instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low- level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.
  • Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to map a plurality of data symbols to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams; map a plurality of modulated pilot sequences to the plurality of spatial streams according to a pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second modulated pilot sequence comprising a sign inversion of the second pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream and the first pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of sub
  • Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 1 or 2, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, to map the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, to map the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcamers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcamers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to map a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcamers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and to map a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcamers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcarriers.
  • Example 7 includes the subject matter of Example 6, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 8 includes the subject matter of Example 7, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcarriers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 6-8, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1],
  • Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ 1.
  • Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 11, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcamers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MIMO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-17, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.
  • Example 19 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a wireless communication station (STA), the STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the STA to map a plurality of data symbols to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams; map a plurality of modulated pilot sequences to the plurality of spatial streams according to a pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second modulated pilot sequence comprising a sign inversion of the second pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of sub
  • OFDM
  • Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 19 or 20, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, to map the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, to map the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-21, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to map a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and to map a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-22, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-23, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcamers.
  • Example 25 includes the subject matter of Example 24, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 26 includes the subject matter of Example 25, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcamers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 24-26, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1],
  • Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-27, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ 1.
  • Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-28, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 30 includes the subject matter of Example 29, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-30, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MIMO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-31, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MEVIO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • the controller is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MEVIO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 33 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-32, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MFMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • the controller is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MFMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-33, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MEVIO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • the controller is configured to cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MEVIO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • Example 35 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-34, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 36 includes a method to be performed at a wireless communication station (STA), the method comprising mapping a plurality of data symbols to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams; mapping a plurality of modulated pilot sequences to the plurality of spatial streams according to a pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second modulated pilot sequence comprising a sign inversion of the second pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream and the first pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarrier
  • MEMO Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output
  • Example 37 includes the subject matter of Example 36, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 36 or 37, and optionally, comprising mapping the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, mapping the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, mapping the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and mapping the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 39 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-38, and optionally, comprising mapping a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and mapping a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-39, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-40, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcarriers.
  • Example 42 includes the subject matter of Example 41, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 43 includes the subject matter of Example 42, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcarriers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-43, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1],
  • Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-44, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ 1.
  • Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-45, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 47 includes the subject matter of Example 46, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 48 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-47, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MIMO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 49 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-48, and optionally, comprising transmitting the OFDM MEVIO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 50 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-49, and optionally, comprising transmitting the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 51 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-50, and optionally, comprising transmitting the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • 6.48GHz 6.48GHz
  • 8.64GHz 8.64GHz
  • Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-51, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 53 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer- readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to map a plurality of data symbols to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams; map a plurality of modulated pilot sequences to the plurality of spatial streams according to a pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second modulated pilot sequence comprising a sign inversion of the second pilot sequence
  • STA wireless
  • Example 54 includes the subject matter of Example 53, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 55 includes the subject matter of Example 53 or 54, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, to map the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, to map the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and to map the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-55, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to map a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and to map a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-56, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-57, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcamers.
  • Example 59 includes the subject matter of Example 58, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 60 includes the subject matter of Example 59, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcamers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 58-60, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1],
  • Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-61, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ 1.
  • Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-62, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 65 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-64, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MIMO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-65, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MEVIO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 67 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-66, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to transmit the OFDM MFMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 68 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-67, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to transmit the OFDM ⁇ transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • Example 69 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-68, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 70 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a wireless communication station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for mapping a plurality of data symbols to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams; means for mapping a plurality of modulated pilot sequences to the plurality of spatial streams according to a pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcamers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second modulated pilot sequence comprising a sign inversion of the second pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream and the first pilot sequence mapped to the plurality of sub
  • Example 71 includes the subject matter of Example 70, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 72 includes the subject matter of Example 70 or 71, and optionally, comprising means for mapping the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, mapping the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, mapping the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and mapping the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-72, and optionally, comprising means for mapping a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and mapping a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-73, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-74, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcarriers.
  • Example 76 includes the subject matter of Example 75, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 77 includes the subject matter of Example 76, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcarriers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-77, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1],
  • Example 79 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-78, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ 1.
  • Example 80 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-79, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 81 includes the subject matter of Example 80, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcamers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 82 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-81, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MIMO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 83 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-82, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the OFDM MEMO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 84 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-83, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the OFDM MEMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-84, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the OFDM MEMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • 6.48GHz 6.48GHz
  • 8.64GHz 8.64GHz
  • Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 70-85, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 87 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to receive an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and process the OFDM MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to OFDM symbols in the plurality of spatial streams and a plurality of modulated pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, the pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second modulated pilot sequence
  • Example 88 includes the subject matter of Example 87, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 89 includes the subject matter of Example 87 or 88, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-89, and optionally, wherein a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-90, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-91, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcamers.
  • Example 93 includes the subject matter of Example 92, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 94 includes the subject matter of Example 93, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcamers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 95 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 92-94, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1],
  • Example 96 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-95, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ 1.
  • Example 97 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-96, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 98 includes the subject matter of Example 97, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 99 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-98, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MIMO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 100 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-99, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM MIMO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM MIMO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 101 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-100, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM MFMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM MFMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 102 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-101, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM MFMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • 6.48GHz 6.48GHz
  • 8.64GHz 4.32 Gigahertz
  • Example 103 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-102, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 104 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 87-103, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.
  • Example 105 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a wireless communication station (STA), the STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the STA to receive an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple-Input-Multiple- Output (MFMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and process the OFDM MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to OFDM symbols in the plurality of spatial streams and a plurality of modulated pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, the pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a
  • Example 106 includes the subject matter of Example 105, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 107 includes the subject matter of Example 105 or 106, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarners of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarners of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 108 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-107, and optionally, wherein a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 109 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-108, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 110 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-109, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcarriers.
  • Example 111 includes the subject matter of Example 110, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 112 includes the subject matter of Example 111, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcarriers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 113 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-112, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], [00409]
  • Example 114 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-113, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ l.
  • Example 115 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-114, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 116 includes the subject matter of Example 115, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 117 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-116, and optionally, wherein the OFDM ⁇ transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM ⁇ transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 118 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-117, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM ⁇ transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • the controller is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM ⁇ transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 119 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-118, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM ⁇ transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • the controller is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM ⁇ transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 120 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-119, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • the controller is configured to cause the STA to receive the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • Example 121 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-120, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • Example 122 includes a method to be performed at a wireless communication station (STA), the method comprising receiving an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output ( ⁇ ) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and processing the OFDM MFMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to OFDM symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of modulated pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, the pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality
  • OFDM Orthogonal
  • Example 123 includes the subject matter of Example 122, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 124 includes the subject matter of Example 122 or 123, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 125 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-124, and optionally, wherein a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcamers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 126 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-125, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 127 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-126, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcarriers.
  • Example 128 includes the subject matter of Example 127, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 129 includes the subject matter of Example 128, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcarriers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 130 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 127-129, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1].
  • Example 131 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-130, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ 1.
  • Example 132 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-131, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 133 includes the subject matter of Example 132, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 134 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-133, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MIMO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MFMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 135 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-134, and optionally, comprising receiving the OFDM MIMO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 136 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-135, and optionally, comprising receiving the OFDM MFMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • Example 137 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-136, and optionally, comprising receiving the OFDM MFMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • 6.48GHz 6.48GHz
  • 8.64GHz 8.64GHz
  • Example 138 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 122-137, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 139 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer- readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to receive an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MEMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and process the OFDM MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to OFDM symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of modulated pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, the pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and
  • OFDM Ortho
  • Example 140 includes the subject matter of Example 139, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 141 includes the subject matter of Example 139 or 140, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 142 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-141, and optionally, wherein a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 143 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-142, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 144 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-143, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcarriers.
  • Example 145 includes the subject matter of Example 144, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 146 includes the subject matter of Example 145, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcarriers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 147 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 144-146, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1].
  • Example 148 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-147, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values of ⁇ l.
  • Example 149 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-148, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 150 includes the subject matter of Example 149, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcarriers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 151 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-150, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MIMO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 152 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-151, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to receive the OFDM MIMO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 153 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-152, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to receive the OFDM ⁇ transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 154 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-153, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to receive the OFDM MEMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • Example 155 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 139-154, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit
  • Example 156 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a wireless communication station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for receiving an Orthogonal Frequency -Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple-Input-Multiple- Output (MEMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and means for processing the OFDM MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to OFDM symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of modulated pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, the pilot mapping scheme comprising a first modulated pilot sequence mapped to a first spatial stream and a second modulated pilot sequence mapped to a second spatial stream, the first modulated pilot sequence comprising a first pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream and a second pilot sequence mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream, the second
  • Example 157 includes the subject matter of Example 156, and optionally, wherein the first plurality of OFDM symbols comprises even-numbered OFDM symbols, and the second plurality of OFDM symbols comprises odd-numbered OFDM symbols.
  • Example 158 includes the subject matter of Example 156 or 157, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a first scrambler bit, the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the first spatial stream based on a second scrambler bit, the sign inversion of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the first scrambler bit, and the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream based on the second scrambler bit.
  • Example 159 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-158, and optionally, wherein a sign inversion complex conjugate of the second pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the first plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream, and a complex conjugate of the first pilot sequence is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers of the second plurality of OFDM symbols in the second spatial stream.
  • Example 160 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-159, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise mutually orthogonal sequences.
  • Example 161 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-160, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises sixteen pilot subcarriers.
  • Example 162 includes the subject matter of Example 161, and optionally, wherein the sixteen pilot subcarriers are evenly spaced.
  • Example 163 includes the subject matter of Example 162, and optionally, wherein two adjacent pilot subcarriers are 20 subcarriers apart.
  • Example 164 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 161-163, and optionally, wherein the first pilot sequence comprises the sequence [+1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1], and the second pilot sequence comprises the sequence [-1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1],
  • Example 165 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-164, and optionally, wherein the first and second pilot sequences comprise symbol values af ⁇ l.
  • Example 166 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-165, and optionally, wherein a length of each of the first and second pilot sequences is based on a channel bonding factor.
  • Example 167 includes the subject matter of Example 166, and optionally, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises a length of 16, 36, 56, or 76 subcamers, the length of 16 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 1, the length of 36 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 2, the length of 56 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 3, the length of 76 subcarriers corresponds to a channel bonding factor of 4.
  • Example 168 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-167, and optionally, wherein the OFDM MBVIO transmission comprises a 2xN OFDM MFMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two respective antennas.
  • Example 169 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-168, and optionally, comprising means for receiving the OFDM MIMO transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • Example 170 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-169, and optionally, comprising means for receiving the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • Example 171 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-170, and optionally, comprising means for receiving the OFDM MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of 4.32 Gigahertz (GHz), 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • 6.48GHz 6.48GHz
  • 8.64GHz 4.32 Gigahertz
  • Example 172 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 156-171, and optionally, wherein the STA is an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit

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Abstract

Dans un exemple, une station sans fil peut être configurée pour mapper une pluralité de symboles de données sur des symboles de multiplexage par répartition orthogonale de la fréquence (OFDM) dans une pluralité de flux spatiaux (spatio-temporels), afin de mapper une pluralité de séquences pilotes sur les symboles OFDM selon un schéma de mappage pilote, et de transmettre une transmission à entrées multiples et sorties multiples (MIMO) OFDM sur la base de la pluralité de flux spatiaux.
PCT/US2017/050877 2016-03-09 2017-09-11 Appareil, système et procédé de communication d'une transmission selon un schéma de codage spatio-temporel WO2018194705A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100104037A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-04-29 Joengren George Method And Device For Interference Suppression In User Terminal
US20110103341A1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2011-05-05 Hyun Soo Ko Apparatus and Method for Data Transmission Using Transmit Diversity in SC-FDMA
KR20110139755A (ko) * 2009-03-24 2011-12-29 삼성전자주식회사 Ｏｆｄｍ 무선 통신 시스템에서의 파일럿 스트림 리맵핑 방법
US20150180560A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2015-06-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Communication devices for multiple group communications
US20160323058A1 (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Intel IP Corporation Apparatus, system and method of multi-user wireless communication

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100104037A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-04-29 Joengren George Method And Device For Interference Suppression In User Terminal
US20110103341A1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2011-05-05 Hyun Soo Ko Apparatus and Method for Data Transmission Using Transmit Diversity in SC-FDMA
KR20110139755A (ko) * 2009-03-24 2011-12-29 삼성전자주식회사 Ｏｆｄｍ 무선 통신 시스템에서의 파일럿 스트림 리맵핑 방법
US20150180560A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2015-06-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Communication devices for multiple group communications
US20160323058A1 (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Intel IP Corporation Apparatus, system and method of multi-user wireless communication

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