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WO2018189719A1 - Métamatériau composite, compressible, multistable pourvu d'éléments articulés et pouvant être réalisé au moyen de procédés d'impression 3d - Google Patents

Métamatériau composite, compressible, multistable pourvu d'éléments articulés et pouvant être réalisé au moyen de procédés d'impression 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018189719A1
WO2018189719A1 PCT/IB2018/052587 IB2018052587W WO2018189719A1 WO 2018189719 A1 WO2018189719 A1 WO 2018189719A1 IB 2018052587 W IB2018052587 W IB 2018052587W WO 2018189719 A1 WO2018189719 A1 WO 2018189719A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metamaterial
elements
rigid
hinges
struts
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PCT/IB2018/052587
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English (en)
Inventor
Pasquale DELL’AVERSANA
Original Assignee
Lead Tech S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of WO2018189719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018189719A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/0225—Cellular, e.g. microcellular foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/06—Stiffness
    • F16F2228/063—Negative stiffness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/06—Stiffness
    • F16F2228/066—Variable stiffness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/40—Multi-layer

Definitions

  • the present invention generally regards metamaterials and more particularly a metamaterial "of mechanical type” i.e. with particular mechanical characteristics, susceptible of being applied in many different fields.
  • Nan Hu and Rigoberto Burgueno “Buckling-induced smart applications: recent advances and trends”, Smart Mater. Struct. 24 (2015).
  • Metamaterials a definition thereof
  • Metamaterials (from the Greek ⁇ which signifies "beyond") are materials with artificial structure that are engineered so as to have properties that sometimes are not found in nature. The term was coined in 1999 by Rodger M. Walser, then of the University of Texas in Austin. Some points in common could be found with previously-made materials: fibrous compounds - mixtures of carbon fibers or glass fibers with polymers - already existed for decades and were widely used for creating structures that were simultaneously strong and light. Nevertheless, Walser along with many others deemed that such concept involved much more, i.e. effects that were not yet completely exploited, especially in the fields outside structural engineering. In fact, the arrival of metamaterials forced a re-examination of concepts underlying optics and many other fields (see Snell's law with negative refraction index, inverse Doppler effect, and still others).
  • Metamaterials have been used for controlling and manipulating electromagnetic waves, sound, heat transmission and many other physical phenomena. They are formed by sets/complexes of many different elements obtained from composite materials, metals or plastics. The materials usually have repeated structures/configurations (patterns). The elements that compose the metamaterials can be considered as molecules of this artificial material. In the case of the present invention, it will be seen that several of such elements have the role of mediating force between the "molecules" i.e. between the other elements of the same metamaterial.
  • the properties of the metamaterials are derived not only from the intrinsic properties of the materials of the elements thereof, but also by the geometric arrangement of such elements.
  • metamaterials are constituted by repeated structures/configurations (patterns), with size scales much smaller than the wavelengths of the electromagnetic waves or of the sound waves with which they interact. Consequently, they are engineered on sufficiently small-size scales in order to be able to manipulate said waves, blocking them, absorbing them, increasing the amplitude thereof or orienting them towards other directions.
  • metamaterials have often been produced on nanometric or micrometric scale.
  • the "unit cell" must be at most equal to a tenth of the wavelength of the exciting field.
  • a multistable metamaterial was proposed that was obtained by means of 3D printing ("3D-printed"), which exploits the phenomenon of "buckling", according to a deterministic sequence, in order to control the elastic waves [ref. 3].
  • 3D-printed 3D printing
  • the deterministic deformation is obtained by means of varying the thickness of a membrane of each single cell between one layer (line) and the next, in the various layers or lines that constitute the metamaterial (Fig.
  • vent valve balloons constitute one of the ways for protecting an entire spacecraft during landing, but these are disadvantageous if one intends to protect only part of the payload.
  • foam materials are instead used, or metal materials, or metals with honeycomb structure. Nevertheless, the foams and the metals with honeycomb structures:
  • a lower compression ratio involves a lower volume where energy can be stored and hence a greater energy density.
  • one object of the present invention consists of providing a "3D-printed" metamaterial that can be easily made to size for a given mass of the spacecraft, a given impact speed and a given stop travel, which can reach the final use dimensions preferably only in landing phase, and which has an improved compression ratio.
  • the gas springs can perform the function of telescopic structure. But even this latter solution had several drawbacks. Indeed, in the vacuum of extraterrestrial space, the evaporation of the lubricants can be a problem, and the exposure to high temperatures can compromise the effectiveness of the gaskets of the gas spring.
  • the object of the present invention thus also consists of providing a metamaterial that can be exploited as a technological instrument for manufacturing these and other devices.
  • a further object of the present invention consists of making a metamaterial that can also be used as a vibration isolator.
  • the metamaterial that is the object of the present invention after an appropriate preloading, is such that most of its remaining compression travel is carried out in a condition of negative stiffness.
  • the metamaterial, object of the present invention is capable of operating as vibration isolator with high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness (HSLDS vibration isolator: High Static Low Dynamic Stiffness vibration isolator). See also [ref. 12].
  • Another object of the present invention regards a simple adaptation of the metamaterial, object of the invention, in order to allow a large-scale industrial application, i.e. to vehicle bumpers, or even to guardrails and to the impact absorption barriers used on road systems.
  • a particular object of the present invention specifically consists of providing a bumper for road vehicles based on the metamaterial concept of the invention, whose initial condition can be restored after the impact has been sustained - at moderate speed - by the vehicle. In a few seconds time, the initial form of the bumper can be restored without requiring interventions by a repair shop/person.
  • Figure la a two-dimensional representation of the structure of the metamaterial of the present invention, in a currently-preferred possible embodiment thereof, in the non-stressed condition, i.e. without a load;
  • Figure 2 a qualitative representation of the potential energy of the metamaterial, object of the present invention, as a function of the crushing or compression of the metamaterial lattice;
  • FIG. 3a an articulation hinge or joint in two separate parts, according to a first embodiment of such hinge in the metamaterial according to figures la-lc;
  • Figure 3b an articulation hinge or joint in a single body, based on a second possible embodiment of such hinge in the metamaterial according to figures la-lc;
  • FIG. 4 a possible embodiment of the elastic connecting element in the metamaterial according to the present invention, shown in Fig. 1, obtained with an additive multi-jet manufacturing process;
  • Figure 6 (taken from ref. 13) the first three modes of "buckling" of a beam constrained at the ends ("clamped-clamped beam”) and of normalized length;
  • Figure 7 (taken from ref. 13) a qualitative and schematic representation of the deflection curve (or inflection curve) f-d for the inflection of a beam forced to be bent in the first mode, the second mode being constrained;
  • One of the basic concepts of the invention in fact consists of having conceived a metamaterial in which the deformations of the structural elements are not plastic, but rather exclusively elastic and the bending moments generated in the compression of the metamaterial are zero or negligible for all parts of its constituent structure.
  • the elements of the metamaterial of the present invention are distinguished for the fact that they belong to four distinct categories: the elastic elements (which work with traction), which during the macroscopic deformation of the metamaterial only undergo an elastic deformation and hence can retake their original form; the rigid connecting elements (also termed struts in the shown and described embodiment) which rotate around hinges without undergoing practically any bending moment; the joints, also rigid; and finally the hinges, which allow said rotation of the struts on the rigid joints, without transmitting bending moments to the struts themselves.
  • the elastic connecting elements e.g. helical springs
  • the elastic connecting elements can also work in compression, as in Figure 9a.
  • this shows a possible basic configuration of an embodiment of the invention, in which such representation is - merely by way of a simplifying example - two-dimensional, even if of course the object of the present invention is also extended - or even mainly extended - to three-dimensional structures.
  • the generalizations regarding three dimensions can be of various type; these are evident to a man skilled in the art of the field who reads the present description, so that it is not necessary to discuss this in further detail.
  • Fig. 1 shows a two-dimensional lattice formed by four base elements: the joints 1, the beams or struts 2 (also termed rigid connecting elements), the elastic elements 3 (which here work with traction), and the hinges 4.
  • the latter are simple mechanical hinges which allow the rotation of the struts 2 around the joints 1.
  • the shape of such hinges can be variable and will be illustrated hereinbelow, in two possible alternative embodiments, with reference to Fig. 3. These are in any case ideated for being made with additive manufacturing processes or 3D printing processes, the expressions "3D printing” and “additive manufacturing” being equivalents for the purpose of this discussion.
  • the joints 1 are as rigid as the struts 2, and perform the function of constraints during the compression deformation of the metamaterial of the present invention.
  • the elastic elements 3 are formed herein by way of a non-binding example by flat elements 3 with strip or belt form, which when laterally observed (as in Fig. 1) naturally take on the shape of a straight line with suitable thickness.
  • the metamaterial of the invention like most of the other metamaterials of the prior art, has a structure with superimposed layers and with repeated “cells", in which each single "cell” essentially consists of - in the present two-dimensional shape - a quadrilateral with relative elastic element 3 that diagonally traverses it, being fixed at its ends (see also the subsequent description of Fig. 4) to the respective joints 1 of the cell. Hinges 4 are fixed to each joint 1.
  • metamaterial of mechanical type has a plurality of stable states, one for each energy well 5, and that as such it can act, for example, as a crushable material effective in absorbing the kinetic energy of a mass that hits a rigid surface.
  • crushable or compactible materials e.g. the honeycomb structures, the foam materials, or the like
  • the metamaterial of the invention does not sustain any type of plastic deformation: it will be sufficient to add or provide the small amount of energy necessary for filling the potential wells of Fig. 2 and the material will recover its original form. It is observed that since there is no plastic deformation, the kinetic energy is absorbed and trapped in the material instead of being dissipated. Such characteristic is important for some applications since most of the trapped energy can generally be reused.
  • the metamaterial of the present invention can in particular be made with the technique of additive manufacturing (AM). If multiple materials are used, the metamaterial of the represented embodiment could be obtained from the 3D printing technique ("3D printed") by means of a multi-jet 3D printer device, capable of operating under the control of a computer simultaneously with other materials, in a single process. Nevertheless, the invention is not limited to this case and also covers the metamaterials of the same type, which could require a sequence of different production steps for their attainment.
  • AM additive manufacturing
  • the joints 1 and the struts 2 are made of rigid plastic while the elastic connecting elements 3 are made with an elastomer.
  • the invention also includes other structures in which the "struts" or “beams” - or the rigid connecting elements 2 -, the rigid joints 1, and the elastic connecting elements 3 are obtained from other materials, characterized by a higher modulus of elasticity for the struts/beams 2 and the joints 1 with respect to the elastic connections 3.
  • the invention also comprises other structures in which the struts 2, the joints 1 and the elastic connecting elements 3 are all made of the same material, where the different stiffness of the elements with respect to each other derives from the specific morphology of each element type, in a manner rather similar to the example of the steel helical spring whose stiffness is rather different from the stiffness of a solid body/block, made of the same steel as the spring.
  • Fig. 3b hereinbelow will analyze one aspect relative to this point.
  • a central element of the present invention is of course the hinge 4 that connects the struts 2 to the joints 1. Due to these hinges 4, the struts or beams 2 (rigid connecting elements) can complete an actual mechanical rotation practically without modifying their state of internal tension, remaining constantly loaded or stressed only axially, where most of the stress is concentrated in the elastic connections 3 which are suitably designed in order to withstand high variable loads.
  • the present invention among other things implements two possible types (non-binding) of hinges, which are represented in Fig. 3 as examples, even if it is obvious that the invention is not limited to these examples but rather also extends to other types of hinges which will neither be shown nor described in the present document.
  • the hinge is constituted by two separate parts. This articulation is obtainable by means of the technique of additive manufacturing (AM) and possesses only one degree of freedom. Since one part of the articulation 4 is associated with the joint 1 and the other part is associated with the strut (or rigid connecting element) 2, in figure 3a these parts of the hinge 4 are indicated with the reference numbers 4.1 and 4.2.
  • the part 4.1 of the hinge 4 comprises two parallel projections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, while the part 4.2 of the same hinge 4 comprises only one projection 4.2.1.
  • the invention does not only incorporate this hinge type with only one degree of freedom.
  • a similar articulation with two degrees of freedom also preferably obtained by the same production process, would be possible with a spherical head that rotates in a spherical cavity, even if such solution could encounter problems due to the friction and possible seizure, in particular for smaller-size structures.
  • a hinge 4' formed by a single body is represented. Since the present invention aims to cancel or at least reduce to a minimum the bending ("bending stresses") in the material (indeed in the first embodiment there is no bending in the material), the first hinge (4) variant just described is preferred over the hinge 4' described below. In any case, it is essential for the invention that (see the case of figure 3b) the bending deformations be local, i.e. circumscribed only in the zone of the hinge; this point will be discussed further hereinbelow.
  • the hinge 4' of figure 3b is distinguished from the hinge 4 of figure 3a due to the fact that it is formed by a single body that comprises two sections (1, 2) integral with a thin corrugated strip of the material.
  • Such embodiment allows absorbing considerable axial loads in each section 1, 2 (without deforming them) while the entire deformation stress (in any case small) is limited to the thin corrugated strip, being well-distributed therein, also due to the radii of curvature that are made at every corner 6.
  • This hinge type is less subjected to the risk of blocking due to friction problems, with respect to the preceding type.
  • a basic concept of the present invention consists of the fact that that within the metamaterial of the invention, several elements are suitably designed in order to introduce elastic forces (the elastic connecting elements 3).
  • the elastic connecting elements 3 all the other elements are exclusively required to absorb/oppose axial loads (rigid elements 2), and to be arranged according to specific positions and orientations under the action of said elastic forces and external loads, without incurring any deformation such to produce considerable internal stresses.
  • the elements suitably designed for generating elastic forces (elements 3) perform their function by means of simple extensions (or even compressions; see the second embodiment described hereinbelow).
  • this shows an example of connection (termed “topological connection”) between two rigid supports 11, 11; the latter could be the diagonally opposite two rigid joints 1, 1 of fig. 1, connected together by an elastic connecting element 3, which in Fig. 4 is indicated with reference number 13.
  • the elastic element 13 can be made of an elastomer while the two (more) rigid supports 11 can be obtained from a much more rigid plastic.
  • connection in figure 4 it is the same "topology" of the connection in figure 4 that prevents the mutual separation of the elements.
  • the elastomer element 13 is incorporated/fit at its two ends in the more rigid elements 11 since the wall of the hole 12 is continuous and traverses the elastomer material 13, which at that point has a larger hole (not visible).
  • Such connection can be made by means of a AM process and it would be impossible to obtain by means of conventional mechanical tools.
  • the elastic elements instead of being tensile-stressed while the metamaterial lattice is compressed, are compression-stressed.
  • the present invention extends its inventive concept also to other structures in which the elastic connections can be subjected to a compression load, as in the diagram of fig. 5.
  • the elastic elements 3 ' form helical springs 3' with equal elasticity constant, k n , hinged at their ends to rigid joints 1 that are not completely represented (see Fig. 5, on the left).
  • the structural energy within the curved or bent beam comprises both the bending energy and the compression energy.
  • the bending energy in the beam increases in a monotonous manner each time that the beam is moved downward; instead, the compression energy increases up to a maximum approximately at the central line, in order to then be reduced after traversing this line.
  • the beam is designed in a manner such that the reduction in the compression energy after traversing the central line occurs more quickly with the increase of the bending energy, then a negative force thereof results, an indication of bistability.
  • Such behavior leads to a characteristic load-movement curve that is strongly asymmetric in the multistable metamaterials based on "snapping" between two forms (configurations) of the beams constrained at the ends.
  • figure 7 shows a qualitative schematic representation [taken from ref. 13] of the dependence of the force (f) on the deflection (or infection) (d) in the case of a bent beam obliged to be bent according to a first mode, since the second mode is prevented ("second-mode constrained") by the particular structure of the beam of the example.
  • a multistable metamaterial is described that is obtained from only one material, based on a stratified assembly of cells, in which each cell is based on the "clamped-clamped beam” model, where every single cell comprises a substantially U- shaped rigid element and a thin layer or membrane extended between the vertical walls of the "U".
  • Each single "U” of every single cell then has a rigid central projection directed downward, which is integral with the membrane of the underlying cell and acts on such membrane during the stress of the metamaterial by a load/external force.
  • the bending energy is distributed over the entire membrane or thin layer of the cell, while it is not localized at the points of the hinges of membrane, different from the present invention, in which such bending energy is either entirely absent (hinges as in Fig. 3a) or it is negligible and localized precisely at the corrugated hinges (for the corrugated hinges of the type of fig. 3b).
  • Fig. 8 would in reality correspond to a greater vertical length of the joints 1 of fig. 1, length such to allow a completely symmetrical travel of the struts 2 downward, while such downward travel is reduced in Fig. lc due to the reduced vertical length of the joints 1.
  • the joints carry out the function of constraints, since their length constrains the width of the negative angle formed by the struts with the horizontal plane for the purpose of the compression.
  • the symmetry of Fig. 8 would in reality correspond to a greater vertical length of the joints 1 of fig. 1, length such to allow a completely symmetrical travel of the struts 2 downward, while such downward travel is reduced in Fig. lc due to the reduced vertical length of the joints 1.
  • the joints carry out the function of constraints, since their length constrains the width of the negative angle formed by the struts with the horizontal plane for the purpose of the compression.
  • this characteristic is usable in many different applications.
  • the general idea consists of providing for, for example, a film of strong material on the outer side of the metamaterial of the invention.
  • a suitable valve provided on the film of strong material, the metamaterial can be "inflated", exceeding the energy of the single potential wells and restoring the initial state of the metamaterial energy absorber.
  • the same criterion, or other criteria can be used for restoring said initial state in a telescopic structure, for example "by pulling" the surface of the metamaterial from the outside or pushing it from the inside by means of suitable means.
  • the lattice of the metamaterial of the invention is suitably designed and preloaded in order to absorb (in a more efficient manner than the bumpers of the state of the art) the energy of a vehicle impacting at moderate speed.
  • the original shape can be recovered in a few seconds by virtue of the strong and flexible film fixed on the outermost layers of the metamaterial. It will be sufficient to pull, from the outside, said (external) strong and flexible film with a moderate force in order to restore the original shape of the bumper.
  • the same result could also be obtained in a more facilitated manner by inserting gas or simply air within the bumper provided (as stated above) with a strong and flexible film, but which is airtight.
  • the metamaterial could be formed by a lattice structure in turn composed of substructures, i.e. such that after the application of the external stimulus such material is situated in a state in which the amount of potential energy trapped in each substructure (or "cluster") of the metamaterial differs from one substructure to another.
  • the variable stress, from one point to another of the surface of the external film (which winds the metamaterial of the invention), applied by an object in order to form a (negative) impression of any shape, is absorbed in different ways due in fact to the presence of metamaterial clusters, always based on the same inventive concept of fig. 1 or the like, but with different elastic pliability properties.
  • the metamaterial of the present invention allows having rather more convenient compression ratios with respect to the materials of the state of the art, with the relative advantages indicated in the introduction of this document regarding the prior art and the drawbacks thereof.
  • the "working point" of the absorber would usually be selected - for each cell - on the positive ascending section of the curve of fig. 8.
  • the metamaterial would preserve the capacity of elastically responding up to certain deformations, without necessarily passing to a state of stable (even if reversible) deformation.
  • vibration isolator a further application of the metamaterial of the present invention follows, that is as vibration isolator.
  • HLDS High Static Low Dynamic Stiffness
  • the system can be suitably preloaded and/or constrained to work only in a predetermined range of its characteristic f-d. This signifies, for example, that in the case of the vehicle bumper it is possible to modulate the elastic reaction force of the metamaterial that forms the bumper, according to the amount of impact energy that it is desired to elastically absorb.
  • a constraint that is introduced by design in the metamaterial of the present invention is represented (as already stated) by the height of the joints 1, which determines the angle between the struts (rigid connecting elements) 2 and the horizontal plane in the compressed condition: the lower the height of the joints, the smaller the angle formed by the struts in the stable compressed state and hence the potential energy well will be less deep.
  • the total symmetry according to Fig. 8 ensured by the present invention allows playing with such angle in order to obtain the best response of the metamaterial, i.e. in order to obtain the desired depth of the potential wells.
  • the new potentials of the 3D printing machines (“3D- printing”), presently available, are the expression of a key technology that allows the attainment of the metamaterial, object of the present invention, in all parts thereof.
  • Such potentials comprise the relatively simple manufacturing of the hinges according to repeated patterns on reduced scales, as well as the attainment of metamaterials composed of materials different from each other, during a single manufacturing process, each of these materials being optimized for a (well-defined) type of element of the metamaterial, and for obtaining the specific function performed by this precise element.
  • the overall properties of the metamaterial of the invention are not only determined by the geometric arrangement of its constituent elements (as in the case of most of the existing metamaterial s) but also by the synergistic action of the different types of elements (preferably) made of different materials, where each type of element is "specialized" in carrying out a specific function.
  • the present invention contributes to completely exploiting the potential offered by multistable metamaterials of mechanical type, by optimizing the performances thereof and extending their range of applications.
  • the size range of the cells for the prefigured applications is variable, for example from several millimeters up to several centimeters, and clearly depends on the application.
  • the reduction of the size of the cells of the metamaterial depends not only on the type of application but also on the possibility to provide new manufacturing techniques, not only used for the attainment of metamaterials; therefore, the size is not fundamental for the present inventive concept and for the protective scope of the present invention.
  • the preceding range is therefore only given as a non-limiting and non- binding example.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un métamatériau composite, compressible, multistable pourvu d'éléments articulés et pouvant être réalisé au moyen de procédés d'impression 3D, composé d'une pluralité d'éléments élastiques (3), d'éléments rigides (1, 2) et de charnières (4). Les charnières (4) des cellules uniques du métamatériau permettent la rotation de certains éléments par rapport à d'autres et l'allongement axial ou la compression axiale des éléments élastiques (3), sans contrainte de flexion dans n'importe quel élément rigide, sauf dans la zone directement définie par les charnières (4). En général, les éléments élastiques et les éléments rigides sont constitués de matériaux différents, optimaux pour les différentes fonctions que doivent accomplir les éléments respectifs. L'absence de déformations plastiques dans les éléments du métamatériau assure la réversibilité et le rétablissement rapide de la forme initiale du métamatériau après un stimulus externe. Le métamatériau présente plusieurs états stables de l'énergie potentielle (ou de l'énergie interne) qui peuvent être conçus de manière appropriée afin de faciliter et d'accélérer le retour du métamatériau à son état d'origine après l'action d'une force externe. Le métamatériau peut être préchargé de manière appropriée afin d'agir comme absorbeur d'énergie, comme actionneur ou comme isolateur de vibration. Dans le cas d'un absorbeur d'énergie, par exemple, la précharge est réglable sur la base de l'énergie de choc qui est destinée à être absorbée.
PCT/IB2018/052587 2017-04-13 2018-04-13 Métamatériau composite, compressible, multistable pourvu d'éléments articulés et pouvant être réalisé au moyen de procédés d'impression 3d WO2018189719A1 (fr)

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IT102017000041415A IT201700041415A1 (it) 2017-04-13 2017-04-13 Metamateriale multistabile, compressibile, composito, ad elementi articolati e realizzabile con processi di stampaggio 3d.
IT102017000041415 2017-04-13

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CN110081111A (zh) * 2019-05-29 2019-08-02 北京林业大学 一种含有柔性铰链的多韧带手性结构
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US11964384B2 (en) 2020-09-30 2024-04-23 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Curved origami-based metamaterials for in situ stiffness manipulation
PL443122A1 (pl) * 2022-12-12 2024-06-17 Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy Ustrój antywibracyjny
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