WO2018186771A1

WO2018186771A1 - Underground module (structure) and modular element of an underground structure

Info

Publication number: WO2018186771A1
Application number: PCT/RU2018/000203
Authority: WO
Inventors: Юрий Вячеславович ОРЕЛЬСКИЙ; Вячеслав Викторович ПОРЫВАЕВ
Original assignee: Юрий Вячеславович ОРЕЛЬСКИЙ
Priority date: 2017-04-03
Filing date: 2018-03-29
Publication date: 2018-10-11

Abstract

The group of inventions relates to the design of a structure and to a modular element for this subsurface structure intended for the short-term accommodation of humans underground. An underground module (structure) comprises a cylindrical, vertically mounted housing, the bottom part of which is connected to a base (3), and the top part of which is connected to a cover (4) having a door aperture, wherein the housing is comprised of multi-layered sections interconnected by tongue-and-groove-type joints, each section consisting of an outer shell and an inner shell with a layer of heat insulating material (12) therebetween. A modular element comprises a cylindrical housing consisting of four interconnected segments (21), the bases (22) of which have flanges (23.1) and (23.2) formed along their edges. The flanges are provided with working apertures (24) for fastening elements. Several rows of reinforcing ribs (30) are formed on the inner side of each segment. A joining assembly of the double tongue-and-groove type is formed between the segments (21), providing rapid assembly as well as enhanced waterproof properties of the modular element once assembled. The technical result of the invention consists in making the structure and the modular element compact in an unassembled (transportation) state without detriment to their strength properties in an assembled state.

Description

The underground module (structure) and the modular element of the underground structure

Technical field

The group of inventions relates to underground

to construction, namely, to the construction of a shallow structure and to the construction of an element (module) for the construction of this structure, which is intended for

short-term stay of people underground in order to protect them from the consequences of social disasters or

adverse natural phenomena.

State of the art

Underground structures are known that are used in metro construction for mechanized tunneling of concrete half rings.

So, for example, the combined lining of a special underground structure is known, including the outer and inner contours of a round shape. The outer contour is made of metal tubing with extreme and middle annular stiffeners. The inner contour is made of metal blocks in the form of a sheet bent along the radius with

ring stiffeners protruding beyond its ends, to which anchoring elements and end plates with holes for connecting metal blocks to each other, and concrete are attached. Anchoring elements of metal blocks made in the form of reinforcing bars are inserted into cells between the tubing ribs and equipped with metal

anchor plates at the ends. The tubing is connected to the metal by the side of the interface nodes (RU 2114377). The known design is intended for erection in rock pounds with protection from seismic waves and significant hydrostatic pressure. This is associated with an increased requirement for its strength properties, which makes an underground structure with a lining, which includes concrete and a lot of metal fittings, which are unnecessarily heavy and require installation and transportation

use of heavy construction equipment.

At the same time, an underground shallow underground structure, erected in weak pounds, is known. It has a team of sections in the form of tubing or blocks lining with connections between them or without them, assembled by an ejector in a circular shape, and equipped with reinforcing elements in the form of a pair of vertical walls (RU 1135856).

The above-mentioned design allows to erect the lining of an underground structure without using concrete from standard elements mastered by the industry, however, in order to increase the bearing capacity of the underground structure of a shallow building erected in weak pounds, vertical walls are fixed to the lining from the sides, the length of which is equal to the length of the underground structure, which makes it unnecessarily cumbersome and, also, requiring the use of heavy construction equipment during installation and transportation.

A vertically located underground storage is also known, the casing of which has a cylindrical shape and consists of at least two parts. The lower part of the case is connected to a flat base, and the upper part is connected to the cover, in which the entrance hatch is formed. In the storage enclosure a ladder is installed, and shelves are located along the walls (FR 2634811).

The body of the known storage is made of several interconnected dimensional walls. In addition, the store is not intended for people to stay in it, at least for a day, therefore it does not solve the issue of forming a microclimate that provides

human activity.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to create an economical and not requiring for the construction of a special

construction equipment.

This task is ensured by a technical result aimed at ensuring quick assembly of an underground structure from modular elements, as well as ensuring the compactness of the structure in disassembled (transport) form without reducing its strength properties in assembled form.

Also in the invention, it is possible to create a microclimate in the underground structure that is favorable for human existence for several days.

Also in the invention, it is possible to increase the waterproofing properties of the modular element.

The named technical result is achieved in

invention using the following features.

The underground module contains a cylindrical

a body vertically mounted in a pound, the lower part of which is connected to the base, and the upper part - with a lid having a doorway closed by a door or hatch. Body the module is made of interconnected "groove - crest" type joints of multilayer sections, each of which consists of the outer and inner shells, between which a layer of insulation is placed.

Each section of the module is molded from polymeric material and has a rectangular shape in plan.

The inner shell of each section of the module is box-shaped.

The thickness of each shell is 5 - 7 mm.

The insulation layer is made of polystyrene foam, with a thickness of 50 - 55 mm.

Sections in adjacent rows are offset halfway from each other, and the grooves are provided with seals.

At least one ladder is installed in the module housing under the doorway, on both sides of which shelves-beds are located on several levels, each of which has the shape of a circle segment.

The modular element of the underground structure consists of a cylindrical body made of interconnected, mainly four segments, at the edges

the bases of each of which are formed outward flanges. Some of these flanges are made with

the ability to connect to the flanges of adjacent segments of this modular element. Indicated segments additionally interconnected by a docking unit of the "groove - crest" type, formed on the outer sides of the flanges in the place of their connection with the bases of the segments.

Docking unit type double "groove - comb"

it is formed by a groove and a crest successively located on the flange of one segment, and a comb and groove corresponding to them, successively located on the flange of another

segment.

Each segment has a rectangular shape.

On the inside of each segment, stiffeners are formed, located in several rows with

in equal steps between them along the long sides of each segment.

In flanges of modular elements on the same

openings for fasteners are formed from each other.

The segments of the modular element are made

molded from polymeric material.

The thickness of each segment of the modular element

makes 7 - 10 mm.

List of drawings

Figure 1 schematically shows an underground module (side view); figure 2 is a view along arrow a in figure 1; in Fig.3 is a view along arrow B in Fig.1; figure 4 - section bb in figure 2; figure 5 - section CC in figure 1; figure 6 is a section of the housing (top view); Fig.7 is a section D - D in Fig.6; on Fig - schematically shown connection of sections (in a section); figure 9 is a schematic

The segments forming a modular element are shown; figure 10 is a disassembled modular element; figure 11 is a modular element in assembled form; on Fig - docking node of two adjacent segments of the modular element.

Examples of carrying out the invention

The underground module 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a vertically arranged cylindrical housing 2, a base 3 and a cover 4, in which an inlet

an opening in the form of a doorway closed by a door 5 (FIG. 2) or a hatch. The cover is also equipped with at least one ventilation device 6.

In the middle part of the module housing, under the doorway, one or two stairs 7 are installed, and on both sides of them shelves-beds 8 are fixed at several levels, each of which has the shape of a circle segment. In base 3

a drainage hole 18 is formed (Figs. 1, 4).

The module has overall dimensions of 4000 x 2800 mm, with an inner diameter of 2600 mm.

Many sections 9 of which the module housing consists of are made arcuate in accordance with the profile of the housing and have a rectangular shape in plan. The large sides of the sections are located along the axis of the module case, since in this case each individual section can be given less curvature (a larger radius of the circle) than when positioning these sections in the transverse

direction relative to the axis of the module housing, which facilitates the manufacture of these sections. Size of each section

mainly 600 x 800 mm. Sections in adjacent rows are displaced relative to each other to increase rigidity and, accordingly, the strength of the structure as a whole (figure 1).

Sections 9 are unified and allow, if necessary, to perform a hidden underground assembly of the module.

Each specified section can be made in the form of a single part by molding (molding) of a polymeric material. An embodiment of each section of two parts is also possible, subsequently fastened together by a welding machine or a locking device. The section includes an outer shell 10, an inner shell 11 having a box-like shape, and a spacer of a heater 12 located between them, hermetically isolated from the environment (FIGS. 6-7).

In an embodiment of a molded section of one part, the liquid foam forming the insulation is injected into the section cavity intended for it. In option

the execution of the molded section of two parts uses a layer of insulation in the form of a finished molded material.

Such a “sandwich” - design allows you to maintain year-round neutral temperature conditions inside the structure without the use of additional funds. If necessary, the module quickly and with minimal

warms up to optimal energy

comfortable stay in it temperature. The insulation layer can be made of polystyrene foam, with a thickness of 50 - 55 mm.

Formed along the perimeter of the inner shell perpendicular to its plane, the bends 13 have

multiple function. On the one hand, they create additional rigidity of each section and thereby

contribute to hardening the design of the module as a whole, on the other hand, they serve as additional to the groove-comb connection by securing the sections to each other using pistons 14

(Fig.8) passing through the holes 15 (Fig.6 - 7). In addition, the bends 13 are intended for fastening the finishing panels inside the module housing and the technological equipment of the module interior.

On the sides of each section a “groove-comb” type connection is formed for connecting sections 9 to each other with the formation of module housing 2. So in FIG. 6

16.1 and 16.2 indicate ridges, and 17.1 and 17.2 indicate grooves formed on the adjacent lateral sides of each section 9. When assembling the module housing, grooves 19 are laid (Fig. 8).

The cylindrical housing depicted in figure 11

modular building element 20 is formed

interconnected by four quarter segments 21 (Figs. 9, 10), forming a pipe with a diameter of 2.6 m and a height (length) of 2 m. Each named segment, in accordance with the profile of the housing of the modular element, has an arcuate curved base 22 and a rectangular plan shape. On the edges of the base 22 of each segment are located outwardly directed flanges 23.1 and 23.2 with process holes 24 for fasteners, for example, bolts 31 (Fig. 11). Flanges 23.1, located on the short sides of segment 21, are designed to connect with the flanges of adjacent segments forming a modular element 21.

Flanges 23.2, located on the long sides of segment 21, are designed to connect with flanges of segments

neighboring modular elements or other structural details of an underground structure. In addition to the mounting function, these flanges provide the segments with additional rigidity and, thereby, contribute to the strengthening of the modular element as a whole.

To ensure the speed of assembly of the modular element while increasing its waterproofing properties in assembled form, namely better sealing, the device has a docking unit 25 in the form of a double

connection "groove-crest" (Fig). This assembly is formed by a ridge 26 and a groove 28 and their corresponding groove 29 and a ridge 27, successively located outside the other segment, sequentially located outside the flange of one segment. The assembly 25 is formed at the junction of the flange 23.1 with the base 22 of two adjacent segments.

On the inner side of each segment 21 along its long sides, several rows of stiffening ribs 30 located at different distances from each other are made

(Fig.9). Segments 21 of the modular element 20 have a thickness of 7 to 10 mm and are made by molding (molding) of

a polymeric material, such as, for example, fiberglass or food grade polyethylene.

To form a single modular element 20 from four quarter segments 21, ridges 26 and 27 are first introduced into grooves 29 and 28, respectively, of each pair of adjacent

segments, then connect the flanges 23.1 to each other using, for example, bolts 31 passing through

process holes 24 formed in these flanges.

In contrast to currently known similar purpose constructions, the proposed construction and

the modular element, disassembled as separate segments 21, is more compact, which facilitates its

storage and transportation to the place of assembly (figure 10). Its installation and dismantling does not require special equipment,

qualified personnel and excessive energy consumption, and the design - additional concrete reinforcement.

The proposed structure and modular element can be assembled for a short time

minimum, for example, three people,

number of workers.

Claims

Claim

1. An underground module comprising a cylindrical vertically mounted housing, the lower part of which is connected to the base, and the upper one - with a cover having a doorway, the housing being made of interconnected “groove-crest” connection of multilayer sections, each of which consists of from the outer and inner shells, between which a layer of insulation is placed.

2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that each section is molded from a polymeric material.

3. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that each section has a rectangular shape in plan.

4. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner shell of each section is box-shaped.

5. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of each shell is 5 to 7 mm.

6. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation layer is made of polystyrene foam, with a thickness of 50 - 55

MM

7. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections in adjacent rows are offset by half the sections relative to each other.

8. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that each groove is equipped with a seal.

9. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one ladder is installed in the housing under the doorway.

10. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case at several levels there are shelf-beds, each of which has the shape of a circle segment.

11. A modular element of an underground structure, the casing of which is cylindrical and consists of mainly four segments connected to each other, outwardly oriented flanges are formed along the edges of the base of each, made to connect with the flanges of adjacent segments, while the segments are connected by a docking a node of the "groove - crest" type, formed by a groove and a crest, sequentially

located on the flange of one segment, and their corresponding crest and groove, sequentially located on the flange of another segment at the junction of the flanges with the bases of the segments.

12. The modular element according to claim 11, characterized in that each segment has a rectangular shape in plan.

13. The modular element according to item 12, characterized in that on the inner side of each segment stiffeners are formed, located in several rows with the same pitch between them along the long sides of each segment.

14. The modular element according to claim 11, characterized in that openings for fasteners are formed in the flanges at the same distance from each other.

15. The modular element according to claim 11, characterized in that the segments are formed of molded polymer material.

16. The modular element according to claim 11, characterized in that the thickness of each segment is 7-10 mm