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WO2018185782A1 - Gazéifieur pour la gazéification de déchets municipaux solides - Google Patents

Gazéifieur pour la gazéification de déchets municipaux solides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018185782A1
WO2018185782A1 PCT/IN2018/050195 IN2018050195W WO2018185782A1 WO 2018185782 A1 WO2018185782 A1 WO 2018185782A1 IN 2018050195 W IN2018050195 W IN 2018050195W WO 2018185782 A1 WO2018185782 A1 WO 2018185782A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feeder
zone
gasification
reactor
gasifier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2018/050195
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sumitro CHAKRABORTI
Govind Prasad Nagori
Bhag Chand Jain
Original Assignee
Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies Pvt. Ltd. filed Critical Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Publication of WO2018185782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018185782A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to gasifier for gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW). It particularly relates to gasification of combustible fraction of MSW to produce fuel gas with high caloric value.
  • MSW and organic wastes contain many harmful ingredients that, if not handled properly, will pollute environment and threaten human health.
  • MSW disposal technology mainly includes extensive garbage sorting and a multitude of utilization techniques including sanitary landfill, composting (biochemical) and incineration / combustion based power generation.
  • garbage sorting has not been implemented in many countries because it requires public participation. Even if garbage is sorted and recycling / re-use comprehensively attempted, there is still an amount of 40-50% of waste requiring incineration / combustion or landfill.
  • sanitary landfill is adopted to dispose urban MSW, which occupies a lot of land resource, releases a lot of greenhouse gas, pollutes land and groundwater and destroys living environment of civilization.
  • Composting technology only makes use of about 40% organic substances and the rest 60% still needs the disposal of incineration or landfill which also meets the problem of secondary pollution. Incineration of MSW seemingly reduces the amount and resource of garbage.
  • RDF Refuse Derived Fuel
  • MSW is difficult to handle, segregate and feed in a controlled manner to a waste-to-energy facility.
  • MSW has a high tendency to form fused ash deposits on the internal surfaces of furnaces and high temperature reactors and to form bonded fouling deposits on heat exchanger surfaces.
  • MSW While evaluating gasification or other thermal technologies, the degree of pre-processing required in conversion of MSW into a suitable feed material is a major criterion. Unsorted MSW is not suitable for most thermal technologies because of its varying composition and size of some of its constituent materials. It may also contain undesirable materials which can play havoc with the process or emission control systems.
  • Down draft gasifiers are well known and have been used for over 100 years. In the arrangement the MSW and oxidant both flow in a downward direction.
  • the use of a downdraft gasifier results in a gas which is very low in tar concentration as the syngas passes through a char zone towards the lower section of the bed where significant tar destruction occurs.
  • this type of gasifier has been found useful as an on board gasifier for vehicle use during times of fuel shortages.
  • Another disadvantage of the conventional down draft gasifier is non-even distribution of air through the bed and excessive pressure drop across the depth of the bed.
  • US 7302897 determine municipal solid waste disposal process and apparatus using gasification. It particularly discloses the system for disposing of municipal solid waste which provides commercially available equipment that is modified to initially remove identifiable unwanted components from the waste and then chop the waste into small pieces of a size suitable for handling, separation and combustion. In this process, the unwanted materials were removed as it damage the shredding equipment, after that shredding, dewatering, separation of inert materials, combustion and then power generates. So, the problem associated with this invention is pre-processing of MSW include manual and mechanical separation or sorting, shredding, grinding, blending with other materials, drying and pelletization. It particularly determines gasification by air. It does not disclose the oxidant that controls the production of good quality gas.
  • the limitation of the gasifier has very stringent feed quality requirements such as homogenous nature of MSW, low moisture content feed, uniform composition, high bulk density and high ash fusion temperature.
  • the principle object of the present invention is to provide gasifier for gasification of municipal solid waste which converts loose combustible fraction of MSW into high caloric producer gas.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide gasifier for gasification of municipal solid waste which has unique and optimum design and produces gas having less tar and heavy metals after the gasification.
  • the present invention discloses gasifier for gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) comprises a feed cone, a feeder, a reactor and wet discharge unit.
  • Said feed cone is configured to introducing the base fuel (MSW)
  • said feeder is to receiving the base fuel passing out from the feed cone
  • in said feeder and feeder vibrator is configured to conveying the base fuel to the reactor.
  • the rector having a plurality of zones arranged to define cascading passageway through which the base fuel is passing by gravity downwardly.
  • Said zone comprising a demoisturization zone for converting the base fuel into dried feed by removing the moisture from said base fuel, a devolatization zone where the volatile is released from the dried feed and char is produced, an ignition zone for producing combustible material along with clinker from the char and carbonization zone where gasification reaction takes place, said reactor having an hopper and vibrator to helps in producing proper gas and solid mixing to ensure uniform and rich gas production inside the reactor.
  • the wet discharge unit located below the reactor having an extractor coupled at the end of the wet discharge unit to extracting the gas from the said reactor and to extract the discharge from the reactor and also facilitates to trigger the gasification in the reactor.
  • the reactor of the present invention having an oxidant distributor valve for introducing the oxidant in igniting zone to facilitate the gasification of MSW and said oxidant comprising oxygen and inert gas as argon and/or nitrogen in which the composition of oxygen varies from 35 % to 50 % with balance of the inert gas.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the schematic diagram of gasifier for gasification of municipal solid waste.
  • Municipal solid waste may contain a very wide variety of waste or discarded material.
  • the waste may include biodegradable waste, non-biodegradable waste, ferrous materials, non-ferrous metals, paper or card board in a wide variety of forms, a wide range of plastics (some of which may contain traces of toxic metals used as catalysts, stabilizers or other additives), paints, varnishes and solvents, fabrics, wood products, glass, chemicals including medicines, pesticides, solid waste of various types, pulp sludge, food manure, renderings, agricultural waste, forest residue and a wide range of other materials.
  • the waste includes household waste and industrial waste, the latter being so called “safe” industrial waste i.e. low in toxic or hazardous materials.
  • the present invention determines gasifier and gasification of municipal solid waste.
  • the gasifier is a fix bed downdraft gasifier.
  • downdraft is defined by the fact that the feed stock is feed into the gasifier from the top and progress down through the unit and the gas is exited from the bottom of the gasifier reactor.
  • the present invention particularly determines the gasifier for gasification of MSW mainly comprises a feed cone (1), a feeder (2) a reactor (3) and a wet discharge unit (4) are positioned to vertically inline configuration.
  • said feed cone (1) is configured at the uppermost position of the gasifier for introducing base fuel.
  • Feeder top valve (5), feeder bottom valve (6) and feeder vibrator (7) together form the feeder (2).
  • Said feeder (2) is located below the feed cone (1) to receive the base fuel passing out from the feed cone (1) and introduces said base fuel into the reactor (3).
  • Said feeder top valve (5) mounted on the top of said feeder (2).
  • the feeder bottom valve (6) is located at the distal end of said feeder (3) for preventing the entry of air into said feeder (2).
  • the feeder vibrator (7) is located at the side frame of the said feeder (3) and configured to convey the base fuel to the reactor (3).
  • the feeder (2) is configured to be controlled by the feeder top valve (5) and the feeder bottom valve (6).
  • Said reactor (3) is substantially a cavernous structure mounted below said feeder (2) configured to gasify the base fuel coming from the feeder (2) and to generate fuel gas from the base fuel (2).
  • the reactor (3) has a plurality of zones as demoisturizing zone (11), a devolatization zone (12), an ignition zone (13) and a carbonization zone (14) that are arranged to define cascading passageway through which the base fuel is passing by gravity downwardly.
  • said zone comprising the demoisturization zone (11) for conversion of the base fuel into dried feed by removing the moisture from said base fuel; said devolatization zone (12) where the volatile is released from the dried feed and char is produced; said ignition zone (13) for producing combustible material along with clinker and char and said carbonization zone (14) where the gasification reaction takes place.
  • said reactor having an hopper (8) located in the said demoisturizing zone (11) and a vibrator (9) located at the side frame of the demoisturizing zone (11) to help in producing proper gas and solid mixing that ensures uniform and rich gas production inside the reactor (3).
  • the reactor (3) comprises the plurality of zones and the temperature of the demoisturization zone (11) is 80°C to 150° C, the temperature of the devolatization zone (12) is 150° C to 550° C, the temperature of the ignition zone (13) is 750 °C to 900° C and the temperature of the carbonization zone (14) is 800° C to 850° C.
  • the gasifier of the present invention does not introduce any air from the top or side of the reactor (3).
  • Said reactor (3) of the present invention is provides with sensor (not shown) wherein the controller is configured to generate a thermodynamic indicator based on the signal.
  • the reactor (3) of the gasifier is also provided with the outlet (15) which is configured to couple with the carbonization zone (14) of the reactor (3) so that produced fuel gases discharge from the reactor through the outlet (15).
  • said reactor (3) having an oxidant distributor (10) configured at the ignition zone (13) in which oxidant mixture of oxygen and inert gas.
  • the inert gas is selected from nitrogen and argon is distributed to facilitate the gasification of MSW.
  • the composition of oxygen varies from 35 % to 50% with the combination of inert gases.
  • the composition of oxidizing agent is disseminated in varying composition to facilitate the gasification and the composition of the oxidant is controlled by the monitoring the flow of the oxygen and nitrogen.
  • extractor located below the reactor (3).
  • the extractor plays an important role towards gasification.
  • Said extractor is configured at the end of reactor (3) which is shown in Fig. (1) to extracts the gas from the said reactor (3) and facilitates absorbing the oxidant to trigger the gasification in the reactor (3).
  • the wet discharge unit (4) is located below the reactor (3).
  • the discharge unit of the present invention plays an important role towards gasification. Said discharge unit maintains various temperature zones important for gasification reaction and maintaining ash char balance.
  • said wet discharge unit (4) breaks the bigger clinkers into smaller clinkers and also removes both clinkers and ash/char to facilitate gasification reaction and maintains zones position.
  • Said discharge is generally refuse or byproduct of the gasifier.
  • the discharge may include but not limited to ashes, char, clinkers, charcoals, tar etc.
  • the gasification of MSW in conjunction with its elements is further understood by following steps:
  • the base fuel is introduced in to the feed cone (1) wherefrom said base fuel passes to the feeder (2) through the feeder top valve (5).
  • feeder top valve (5) constitutes opens and feeder bottom valve (6) remains close.
  • the base fuel introduces to reactor (3) through feeder (2) with the assistance of feeder vibrator (7) and at that time the feeder bottom valve (6) constitute opens and the feeder top valve (5) remains close.
  • this said rector (3) where the arrangement of zones provides for descending the base fuel to flow from one zone to the next lower zone and the base fuel is changed thermodynamically.
  • the base fuel is enters into the demoisturization zone (11) of the reactor (3) from the feeder (2) where the moisture is removed in this zone at 80° C to 150° C temperature and the base fuel converts into the dried feed.
  • the dried feed right away introduces into devolatization zone (12) where the volatile releases from the base fuel at temperature range of 150° C to 550° C and char produces.
  • the char further downwardly introduces into ignition zone (13) in which the temperature range of 750° C to 900° C and the oxidant introduces through oxidant distributor (10) into the said zone to facilitate the gasification and due to high temperature clinkers is produce.
  • the gasifier according to the present invention provide gasification of municipal solid waste without much segregation.
  • feeder top valve (5) and feeder bottom valve (6) are configured such that it prevents the ingress of air into the base fuel during the feeding of base fuel from the feed cone (1) to the feeder (2) and feeder (2) to the reactor (3).
  • said feeder (2) of the present invention includes mesh (not shown) to control the size of feed entering into the reactor (3).
  • the feeder (2) includes a dispenser (not shown) for collecting rejected feed that are denied entry into the reactor (3).
  • the dispenser of the present invention does not accept the base fuel above 200 mm of the unit size of non combustible fraction of municipal solid waste like metals, glasses building materials, rock stones.
  • the extractor of the present invention has a variable extracting capacity to extract discharge from the reactor (3).
  • the extracting capacity is adjusted by the controller base on thermodynamic conditions inside the gasifier, feed type and fuel has generation rate.
  • the present invention also provides minimal of discharge and the hot gas that can be directly used in all thermal applications both in hot and cold modes including ultra clean applications like cooking and food industries.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention détermine un gazéifieur pour la gazéification de déchets municipaux solides (MSW). L'invention détermine en particulier la gazéification de la fraction combustible des MSW pour produire un gaz combustible présentant une valeur calorique élevée. Le gazéifieur de la présente invention comprend principalement un cône d'alimentation (1), un dispositif d'alimentation (2), un réacteur (3) et une unité d'évacuation humide (4). La présente invention détermine le gazéifieur pour la gazéification de MSW pour la conversion de la fraction combustible des MSW en gaz combustible par l'introduction d'un oxydant qui est un mélange d'oxygène et de gaz inerte qui comprend de l'azote et de l'argon. La présente invention permet également un minimum d'évacuation et fournit un gaz chaud qui peut être directement utilisé dans toutes les applications thermiques à la fois dans des modes chaud et froid, y compris des applications ultra propres telles que les industries culinaires et alimentaires.
PCT/IN2018/050195 2017-04-07 2018-04-05 Gazéifieur pour la gazéification de déchets municipaux solides WO2018185782A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN201721012625 2017-04-07
IN201721012625 2017-04-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018185782A1 true WO2018185782A1 (fr) 2018-10-11

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ID=62148441

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IN2018/050195 WO2018185782A1 (fr) 2017-04-07 2018-04-05 Gazéifieur pour la gazéification de déchets municipaux solides

Country Status (1)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112745964A (zh) * 2021-02-02 2021-05-04 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 一种环保型的固废废旧轮胎欧冶炉处理装置
CN118863328A (zh) * 2024-06-20 2024-10-29 四川大学 一种城市固体垃圾气化发电的碳减排方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4089429A (en) * 1977-05-09 1978-05-16 Stock Equipment Company Apparatus for introducing particulate material into a vessel
US7302897B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2007-12-04 Pallett Richard B MSW disposal process and apparatus using gasification
WO2009020442A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-12 Detes Maden Enerji Ve Cevre Teknoloji Sistemleri Limited Sirketi Système de gazéification de combustible solide et de nettoyage du gaz produit
US20130340339A1 (en) * 2012-06-26 2013-12-26 Korea Institute Of Energy Research Gasifying apparatus with variable gasifier and used as both power generator and combustion boiler, and method of driving the same
WO2016046699A1 (fr) * 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Gazéificateur et procédé de gazéification

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4089429A (en) * 1977-05-09 1978-05-16 Stock Equipment Company Apparatus for introducing particulate material into a vessel
US7302897B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2007-12-04 Pallett Richard B MSW disposal process and apparatus using gasification
WO2009020442A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-12 Detes Maden Enerji Ve Cevre Teknoloji Sistemleri Limited Sirketi Système de gazéification de combustible solide et de nettoyage du gaz produit
US20130340339A1 (en) * 2012-06-26 2013-12-26 Korea Institute Of Energy Research Gasifying apparatus with variable gasifier and used as both power generator and combustion boiler, and method of driving the same
WO2016046699A1 (fr) * 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Gazéificateur et procédé de gazéification

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112745964A (zh) * 2021-02-02 2021-05-04 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 一种环保型的固废废旧轮胎欧冶炉处理装置
CN118863328A (zh) * 2024-06-20 2024-10-29 四川大学 一种城市固体垃圾气化发电的碳减排方法

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