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WO2018177537A1 - Procédé d'exploitation d'un réseau de communication comportant plusieurs appareils de communication pour un système industriel d'automatisation et unité de commande - Google Patents

Procédé d'exploitation d'un réseau de communication comportant plusieurs appareils de communication pour un système industriel d'automatisation et unité de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018177537A1
WO2018177537A1 PCT/EP2017/057709 EP2017057709W WO2018177537A1 WO 2018177537 A1 WO2018177537 A1 WO 2018177537A1 EP 2017057709 W EP2017057709 W EP 2017057709W WO 2018177537 A1 WO2018177537 A1 WO 2018177537A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication device
communication devices
control unit
assigned
redundancy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/057709
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Benjamin KNAB
Christian MALSCH
Johannes Riedl
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/EP2017/057709 priority Critical patent/WO2018177537A1/fr
Publication of WO2018177537A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018177537A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/24—Multipath

Definitions

  • Industrial automation systems are used to monitor, control and regulate technical processes, in particular in the area of production, process and building automation, and enable the operation of control devices, sensors, machines and industrial installations, which should be as independent as possible and independent of human intervention .
  • a particular problem in industrial automation systems results regularly in a message traffic with relatively many, but relatively short messages, whereby the above problems are exacerbated.
  • Software Defined Networking aims to virtualize communications network capabilities by subdividing communication devices such as routers or switches into functional components associated with the control plane and data plane.
  • the data plane includes functions or components for the forwarding of data packets or frames.
  • the control plane includes management functions for controlling the forwarding or the components of the data plane.
  • OpenFlow defines a standard for software-implemented control plans. An abstraction of hardware as virtual Current services eliminate the need to manually configure the hardware, especially by providing programmable centralized control of network traffic. OpenFlow supports partitioning of system resources into network slices, which ensures deployment of defined system resources independent of other existing network slices.
  • US 2013/268686 A1 relates to a method of sending a connection setup request in which an OpenFlow switch sends a message with a parameter request to a configuration server to obtain connection parameters from an OpenFlow controller.
  • the OpenFlow switch receives an IP address and a set of OpenFlow connection parameters from the configuration server, the set of OpenFlow connection parameters including at least connection parameters of a first OpenFlow controller.
  • the OpenFlow switch sends a message requesting a connection to the first OpenFlow controller, based on the IP address and set of OpenFlow connection parameters of the first OpenFlow controller. In this way, an automatic connection setup between an OpenFlow switch and an OpenFlow controller can be realized.
  • a control unit for providing communication services within a physical communication network is known. These communication services are used by several applications running on communication devices, for each of which requirements for the communication services are specified.
  • the control unit generates a communication network model that represents a topology of the physical communication network and that for each communication device a network node model is generated. includes dell.
  • the network node model describes functions and resources of the respective communication device.
  • the control unit calculates a virtual communication network by mapping the requirements of the respective application to the communication services on the communication network model.
  • the computed virtual communication networks each comprise at least 2 network nodes described by a network node model and a partition or network slice of selected communication network resources provided by the communication devices.
  • MRP Media Redundancy Protocol
  • Impacted media redundancy methods can basically be implemented with relatively little effort.
  • the disadvantage is that, on the one hand, messages can be lost in the event of a fault and, on the other hand, during a reconfiguration of a communications network, there is initially a fault condition.
  • Such a fault condition must be secured by a higher-level communication protocol, for example by means of TCP / IP at the switching or transport layer level, in order to avoid an interruption of a communication connection.
  • High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) and Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) are defined in the standard IEC 62439-3 and enable a bumpless redundant transmission of messages.
  • each message is duplicated by a sending communication device and sent to a receiver in two different ways.
  • redundant messages representing duplicates are filtered out of a received data stream.
  • a network component that provides access to the redundant communication network can assume different roles.
  • HSR / PRP proxy or RedBox handsets or terminals in an HSR or PRP communication network and terminals or network segments without HSR / PRP functionality are referred to as HSR / PRP proxy or RedBox.
  • a network component for accessing a redundant HSR or PRP communication network may connect multiple HSR rings or implement communication between HSR and PRP network segments.
  • the network component is referred to as HSR-HSR coupler or QuadBox or HSR-PRP coupler.
  • EP 2 127 329 B1 relates to a method for filtering redundant frames, which have at least one MAC source address, a frame ID and a CRC value, by a network node having at least two ports each having a transmitting and a receiving device.
  • the transmitting device has a transmission list in which frames to be transmitted are stored.
  • the receiving device has a receiving memory for storing a received frame.
  • To filter redundant frames in a network node of a network is searched in the send list of the network node after receiving a first frame at one of the two ports for a second frame with the same MAC source address and frame ID. If the second frame is present, the first frame will not be forwarded to a local application nor sent to other ports on the node.
  • EP 2 838 220 A1 describes a method for redundant message transmission in an industrial communication network with an arbitrarily meshed network topology, in which paths independent of one another are identified for an at least partially redundant communication connection between two network nodes within the industrial communication network.
  • the mutually independent paths comprise separate network nodes of a single communication network. Messages with duplicate identifiers are exchanged according to the determined paths corresponding forwarding rules between transmitting and receiving units of communication devices of the industrial communication network.
  • HSR or PRP communication networks can not be set up automatically, especially if several combined HSR rings or PRP domains are used, since device-based redundancy functions are set up.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a method for operating a communication network comprising a plurality of communication devices for an industrial automation system, which enables a selective provision of redundancy in an arbitrarily meshed communication network, and to provide a control unit for carrying out the method. This object is achieved by a method with the features mentioned in claim 1 and by a control unit having the features specified in claim 16. Advantageous developments of the present invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • At least one control unit controls functions of a plurality of associated communication devices.
  • a specifiable proportion of system resources of the assigned communication devices is made available for the control unit for a predefinable resource utilization period.
  • Portions of system resources associated with communication devices can be made available, for example, by partitioning and associating at least one partition with control units.
  • partitions can be network slices and can be defined manually by a system administrator or automatically by means of an engineering system.
  • the control unit specifies routing rules or forwarding rules for the associated communication devices.
  • the control unit determines at least 2 disjoint paths to provide a redundancy service between a first associated communication device and a second associated communication device via third associated communication devices. Determination of disjoint paths can be carried out, for example, on the basis of the Dijkstra algorithm, the Bellman-Ford algorithm or the algorithm of Floyd and Warshall. In particular, disjunctive paths can be determined by means of successive application of Dij kstra algorithms with constrained constraints (constrained Dijkstra's algorithm). In addition, the control unit adapts the routing rules or forwarding rules for the first and second associated communication device and for the third assigned communication device according to the determined disjoint paths.
  • the redundancy service For a use of the redundancy service provided data flows between the first and the second associated communication device are explicitly assigned to the determined disjoint paths or the redundancy service.
  • the redundancy service is provided only for the explicitly assigned data flows.
  • the data flows intended for the use of the redundancy service can for example be explicitly assigned to the determined disjoint paths or the redundancy service on the basis of an identifier of a virtual local network or on the basis of source and destination communication network addresses. Due to a very high degree of automation, the method according to the invention offers considerable time and cost savings when providing redundancy services in an industrial communications network.
  • the at least one control unit can efficiently check and ensure that the paths to be redundant to one another are actually disjoint.
  • a bumpless redundant transmission of Messages are realized and not just within an Ethernet domain.
  • the communication devices are assigned to a software defined network, which comprises a communication control level designated as a control plane and a data transmission level designated as a data plane.
  • the control unit is assigned to the control plane while the communication devices are assigned to the data plane.
  • the communication devices may include in particular routers or switches.
  • the control unit specifies flow tables from which the routing rules or forwarding rules for the communication devices assigned to the control unit are derived.
  • redundancy functions are provided by the redundancy service in the first and second associated communication device, wherein in each case a signal processing unit is formed by the redundancy functions in the first and second assigned communication device.
  • a signal processing unit is formed by the redundancy functions in the first and second assigned communication device.
  • the respective signal processing unit checks its duplicate identifier Matches a previously stored duplicate identifier and discards duplicates of already correctly received datagrams.
  • datagrams with duplicate identifiers are forwarded by the third assigned communication devices in accordance with the forwarding rules corresponding to the determined disjunctive paths.
  • a HSR / PRP red box or quad box is formed by providing software-implemented redundancy functions in the first and second associated communication devices.
  • the provision of the redundancy service is requested by a tenant, a user or an application by means of a service request directed to the control unit.
  • the control unit checks for the service request whether sufficient system resources are available for the provision of the requested redundancy service.
  • System resources include, for example, line capacities, port bandwidth, queue buffers, VLAN identifiers, routing table or forwarding table entries. Only in the case of a positive check result does the control unit adapt the routing rules or forwarding rules for the first and second assigned communication device and for the third assigned communication devices according to the determined disjoint paths and transmits an acknowledgment about the provision of the redundancy service to the tenant , the user or the application.
  • the control unit revises changes made previously to the provision of the redundancy service in the routing rules or forwarding rules.
  • the third associated communication devices are preferably monitored in each case by at least one adjacent communication device when providing the redundancy service.
  • the control unit is notified by a monitoring neighboring communication device by means of a failure message.
  • the control unit carries out a new determination of disjoint paths between the first assigned communication device and the second assigned communication device and adapts the routing rules or forwarding rules accordingly.
  • the control unit is provided for carrying out a method according to the preceding embodiments and designed and set up to control functions of a plurality of associated communication devices.
  • a predefinable proportion of system resources of the assigned communication devices for a predefinable resource utilization period is available for the control unit.
  • the control unit is configured and set up to specify routing rules or forwarding rules for the assigned communication devices and to determine at least two disjoint paths between a first assigned communication device and a second assigned communication device via third assigned communication devices to provide a redundancy service.
  • the control unit preferably determines the disjoint paths based on path costs.
  • control unit is configured and adapted to adapt the routing rules or forwarding rules for the first and second associated communication device and for the third associated communication device according to the determined disjoint paths.
  • control unit is designed and equipped for this purpose. to explicitly allocate data flows intended for use of the redundancy service between the first and the second assigned communication device to the determined disjoint paths or the redundancy service and to provide the redundancy service only for the explicitly assigned data flows.
  • FIG. 1 shows a communication network of an industrial automation system comprising several communication devices and control units assigned to them.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a provision of a redundancy service within the communication network shown in Figure 1.
  • the communication network of an industrial automation system illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a plurality of communication devices 200 and a plurality of control units 101, 102.
  • the communication devices 200 may be switches, routers or firewalls, for example, and serve for the connection of programmable logic controllers 300 or input / output units of the industrial automation system.
  • Programmable logic controllers 300 typically each comprise a communication module, a central unit and at least one input / output unit (I / O module) and thus also constitute communication devices.
  • I / O module input / output unit
  • Input / output units can in principle also be designed as decentralized peripheral modules which are remote from a programmable logic controller are arranged.
  • a programmable controller 300 is connected, for example, to a switch or router or additionally to a field bus via the communication module.
  • the input / output unit is used to exchange control and measured variables between the programmable logic controller
  • the central processing unit is provided in particular for determining suitable control variables from detected measured variables.
  • the above components of the programmable logic controller 300 are connected to each other in the present embodiment via a backplane bus system.
  • the communication devices 200 are assigned to a software defined network (SDN), which comprises a communication control level 1 designated as a control plane and a data transmission level 2 designated as a data plane.
  • SDN software defined network
  • the control units 101, 102 as SDN controllers are assigned to the control plane, while the communication devices are assigned to the data plane.
  • flow tables for switches or routers from which routing rules or forwarding rules for the respective control unit 101, 102 assigned communication devices 200 are derived are predetermined by the control units 101, 102.
  • the control units 101, 102 are generally configured and configured to control functions of a plurality of associated communication devices 200.
  • a specifiable proportion of system resources of the assigned communication devices is made available for a predefinable resource utilization period, in particular by partitioning and assignment of partitions to the control units 101, 102.
  • the partitions are network slices, which are determined manually by a system administrator or automatically by means of an engineering system.
  • a separate resource view 111, 121 with the shares of system resources is provided in each case.
  • the control units 101, 102 provide routing rules or forwarding rules for the associated communication devices 200.
  • at least one of the two control units 101, 102 determines at least two disjoint paths between a first assigned communication device and a second assigned communication device via third assigned communication devices.
  • the disjoint paths can be determined, for example, on the basis of path costs and by means of successive application of Dijkstra algorithms with constrained constraints (constrained dijkstra's algorithm).
  • the control unit adjusts the routing rules or forwarding rules for the first and second assigned communication device and for the third assigned communication devices.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example a simple meshed communication network with a plurality of communication devices 201-208, 211-214, which has redundant paths 211-214 in a region 20 of strongly meshed communication devices.
  • the communication devices 201-208, 211-214 are assigned to the data plane of the communication network shown in FIG. 1 and implement, depending on the redundancy service to be provided, the following basic functions for a bumpless redundant transmission of frames (data frames) in arbitrarily meshed communication networks:
  • This basic function is controlled according to previous embodiments by at least one of the two control units 101, 102 shown in FIG. 1 and provided in the communication devices 201-208, 211-214, for example by loading a corresponding configuration which may comprise any necessary control program code.
  • the configuration of the communication devices 201-208, 211-214 is stored by the control units 101, 102 or by the redundancy service.
  • the redundancy service In case of error or After a device replacement, a previously created configuration for the redundancy service can be easily and quickly restored in this way, in particular the original communication device and the new communication device are identical or compatible with one another.
  • the communication devices 211-214 realize only the basic function FWD and exchange frames
  • the basic function FWD can also be implemented by communication devices without redundancy functions.
  • the communication devices 201, 204 and 206 represent simply connected end nodes.
  • the communication device 201 does not implement any redundancy functions, while the communication devices 204 and 206 at least implement the basic functions ADD and REM.
  • the communication device 202 serving as the branching point for the communication device 201 realizes all the above-mentioned communication devices.
  • the communication devices 205 and 208 serving as branching points for the communication devices 204 and 206 need only realize the basic functions CPY, FLT and FWD, since the two single-connected communication devices 204 and 206 already realize basic basic functions.
  • the communication device 204 is directly connected to its associated branch point.
  • Communication device 203 represents a terminal node which is connected in duplicate to the communication network shown in FIG. 2, as is typical, for example, for fault-tolerant controllers in industrial automation systems. Because of this, it realizes all the above-mentioned basic functions for carrying out the above-described method for the redundant transmission of frames.
  • Redundancy functions are provided by the redundancy service in the first and second assigned communication device, by which in each case a software-implemented signal processing unit of a virtual HSR / PRP red box or quad box is formed by the redundancy functions in the first and second assigned communication device.
  • redundant frames to be transmitted are duplicated sent by transmitting and receiving units of the first or second associated communication device and detected by the transmitting and receiving units on the first or second associated communication device redundantly received frames.
  • Interdependent frames are identified by a common duplicate identifier. Duplicate identifiers of frames already received without error are stored in a memory unit assigned to the respective signal processing unit. Upon receipt of a new frame, its duplicate identifier will match that already stored
  • the provision of the redundancy service is requested in the present exemplary embodiment by a tenant, a user or an application by means of a service request directed to the respective control unit 101, 102.
  • the respective control input checks the service request. 101, 102, whether sufficient system resources are available for the provision of the requested redundancy service.
  • System resources include, for example, line capacities, port bandwidth, queue buffers, VLAN identifiers, routing table or forwarding table entries.
  • control units 101, 102 adapt the routing rules or forwarding rules for the first and second assigned communication devices and for the third assigned communication devices according to the determined disjoint paths. Accordingly, a confirmation of the provision of the redundancy service is transmitted to the tenant, the user or the application. Upon completion of the provision of the redundancy service, the control units 101, 102 revise changes previously made for the provision of the redundancy service in the routing rules or forwarding rules.
  • the redundancy service may be provided in a restricted manner by identifying, between the first associated communication device and the second associated communication device, sub-routes for which redundant subpaths are available tight system resources are optimized in such a way that redundancy services are available for as many or as many sub-sections as possible.
  • the third assigned communication devices are each monitored by at least one adjacent communication device.
  • the control units 101, 102 are notified in the event of a failure or malfunction of a third associated communication device or a connection by a monitoring neighboring communication device by means of a failure message.
  • the control units 101, 102 Upon receipt of a failure message, the control units 101, 102 perform a redetermination disjoint paths between the first associated communication device and the second associated communication device and adjust the routing rules or forwarding rules accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'exploitation d'un réseau de communication comportant plusieurs appareils de communication pour un système industriel d'automatisation, selon lequel au moins une unité de commande commande des fonctions de plusieurs appareils de communication affectés. Pour l'unité de commande, une partie prédéfinissable de ressources système des appareils de communication affectés est rendue disponible pendant une durée d'utilisation de ressource prédéfinissable. L'unité de commande détermine, pour la mise à disposition d'un service de redondance, au moins 2 voies disjointes entre un premier appareil de communication affecté et un deuxième appareil de communication affecté via un troisième appareil de communication affecté. Les flux de données entre le premier et le deuxième appareil de communication affecté, prévus pour une utilisation du service de redondance, sont affectés explicitement aux voies disjointes déterminées ou au service de redondance. Le service de redondance est mis à disposition exclusivement pour ces flux de données affectés explicitement.
PCT/EP2017/057709 2017-03-31 2017-03-31 Procédé d'exploitation d'un réseau de communication comportant plusieurs appareils de communication pour un système industriel d'automatisation et unité de commande WO2018177537A1 (fr)

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CN114915386A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-16 中国航空无线电电子研究所 面向差异化业务场景的确定性通信的冗余传输管理方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114915386A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-16 中国航空无线电电子研究所 面向差异化业务场景的确定性通信的冗余传输管理方法
CN114915386B (zh) * 2022-04-29 2023-10-13 中国航空无线电电子研究所 面向差异化业务场景的确定性通信的冗余传输管理方法

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