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WO2018166260A1 - 显示基板及其制作方法、显示面板及显示装置 - Google Patents

显示基板及其制作方法、显示面板及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018166260A1
WO2018166260A1 PCT/CN2017/117083 CN2017117083W WO2018166260A1 WO 2018166260 A1 WO2018166260 A1 WO 2018166260A1 CN 2017117083 W CN2017117083 W CN 2017117083W WO 2018166260 A1 WO2018166260 A1 WO 2018166260A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
display
light
optical structure
display panel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/117083
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁菲
李鹏涛
陈秀云
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方光电科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US16/082,440 priority Critical patent/US11231609B2/en
Publication of WO2018166260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018166260A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
    • G02F1/133562—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements on the viewer side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/136209—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix, incorporated in the active matrix substrate, e.g. structurally associated with the switching element

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a display substrate, a method of fabricating the same, a display panel, and a display device.
  • Liquid crystal display technology has become the mainstream display technology in the market, which can meet people's needs in terms of pixel resolution, response time, screen size, etc.
  • people need special display modes to meet specific needs. For example, in an office environment or an in-vehicle display environment, people need to limit the viewing angle of the display screen to achieve anti-spy or vehicle display anti-reflection.
  • a display substrate including:
  • the optical structure includes a plurality of spaced-apart light-shielding patterns, each of the light-shielding patterns extending in a direction perpendicular to the first plane, wherein the first plane is parallel to the substrate.
  • each shading pattern has a uniform width a in a direction perpendicular to the direction of extension.
  • the exit angle of the light emitted through the optical structure on the first plane is less than a threshold ⁇
  • the height of the light-shielding pattern is h
  • the display substrate comprises a plurality of pixel regions, each of the pixel regions has a width d, and a value of a+b is not less than d is not greater than 2d.
  • each of the light shielding patterns has a width closer to the base substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction than a width away from the base substrate.
  • the optical structure is disposed on a side of the substrate substrate facing away from the display function layer.
  • the optical structure further comprises: a light transmissive pattern filled between adjacent shading patterns.
  • the height of the light-transmitting pattern is the same as the height of the light-shielding pattern.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing a display substrate, including:
  • An optical structure is formed on one side of the base substrate, the optical structure being configured to control an exit angle of light from the display function layer to a predetermined angular range.
  • the forming an optical structure on one side of the base substrate comprises:
  • the optical structure is formed directly on a side surface of the base substrate facing away from the display function layer.
  • the forming the optical structure on a side of the substrate substrate facing away from the display function layer comprises:
  • the light shielding layer is patterned to form a plurality of spaced-apart light-shielding patterns, the light-shielding pattern extending in a direction perpendicular to the first plane, wherein the first plane is parallel to the substrate.
  • each shading pattern has a uniform width a in a direction perpendicular to the direction of extension.
  • the exit angle of the light emitted through the optical structure on the first plane is less than a threshold ⁇
  • the height of the light-shielding pattern is h
  • the method further includes:
  • a light transmissive material is filled between adjacent shading patterns.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a display panel including the display substrate as described above.
  • the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, and the display panel includes a color film substrate and an array substrate disposed opposite to each other;
  • the display substrate is a color filter substrate, the optical structure is located on a side of the color filter substrate facing away from the array substrate, or the display substrate is an array substrate, and the optical structure is located on the back of the array substrate To one side of the color film substrate.
  • the display panel further includes:
  • the optical structure is located between the color film substrate and the second polarizing plate, or when the display substrate is an array substrate of a liquid crystal display panel, The optical structure is located between the array substrate and the first polarizer.
  • the optical structure when the optical structure is located between the color filter substrate and the second polarizer, the optical structure is in direct contact with both the color filter substrate and the second polarizer; or
  • the optical structure is in direct contact with both the array substrate and the second polarizer when the optical structure is between the array substrate and the first polarizer.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a display device including the display panel as described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anti-spy display by an optical structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a display substrate including a plurality of pixel regions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3-6 are schematic flow charts of fabricating an optical structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a display substrate that realizes anti-spy display by an optical structure, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a display substrate that realizes anti-spy display by an optical structure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a display substrate that achieves anti-spy display through an optical structure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the anti-peep display is realized by attaching a special anti-peep film to the display panel, the cost is not only high, the quality of the anti-peep film is difficult to control, and the overall thickness of the display module is also increased.
  • a display substrate, a method of fabricating the same, a display panel, and a display device are provided, and the anti-spy display of the display device can be realized at a low cost.
  • This embodiment provides a display substrate, including:
  • An optical structure on one side of the substrate substrate that allows only light within a predetermined viewing angle range to exit.
  • the optical structure is configured to control the exit angle of the light from the display function layer to a predetermined range of angles.
  • the optical structure may be disposed on a side of the base substrate facing away from the display function layer.
  • the optical structure may also be disposed on a side of the base substrate adjacent to the display function layer, such as disposed on the base substrate. And between the display function layers.
  • the optical structure is integrated on the display substrate, and the optical structure only allows the light in the predetermined viewing angle range to be emitted, and the anti-spying effect can be realized by displaying the substrate itself, thereby eliminating the need to attach the anti-spy film on the display substrate.
  • the material can reduce the cost of the display device while avoiding the problems caused by attaching the anti-peep film.
  • the predetermined range of viewing angles may be determined according to actual applications, and in some embodiments, the predetermined range of viewing angles may be achieved by design of the optical structure.
  • the display substrate of the embodiment can be applied to the vehicle display, since the visible angle range of the light emitted by the display substrate is small, it is also possible to prevent the display screen of the display substrate from forming a reflection on the front window of the automobile, thereby avoiding affecting the driver. Sight.
  • the thickness of the protective resin layer is 100 ⁇ m. ⁇ 250 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the anti-peep film is 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 120 ⁇ m, which will lead to display
  • the overall thickness of the module is relatively large.
  • the optical structure is directly disposed on the substrate, and the substrate is directly in contact with the substrate, and the substrate can protect the optical structure without setting between the substrate and the optical structure. The resin layer is protected, and therefore, the overall thickness of the display module can be greatly reduced.
  • the optical structure can be realized by a plurality of light modulating devices, such as a liquid crystal cell or a grating structure.
  • the optical structure can be realized by a plurality of light shielding patterns formed on the display substrate, as shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the light 1 emitted by the display substrate is not affected by the light shielding pattern, and the light is not emitted.
  • the light ray 2 emitted from the display substrate can be directly emitted without being affected by the light-shielding pattern, whereby the light-emitting direction of the display substrate can be controlled by the light-shielding pattern 92.
  • the optical structure includes:
  • the light-shielding pattern 92 extends in a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first plane.
  • optical structure further includes:
  • a light transmissive pattern 91 is filled between adjacent shading patterns.
  • the optical structure includes a plurality of light shielding patterns extending in a second direction, such that the light emitted from the display substrate has a larger exit angle (ie, an angle between the light and the second direction) in the first plane.
  • a larger exit angle ie, an angle between the light and the second direction
  • the maximum exit angle of the light exiting through the optical structure on the first plane perpendicular to the second direction is reduced by the shading pattern, such that the light exiting through the optical structure exits on the first plane.
  • the angles are all smaller than the threshold ⁇ , so that the anti-spy display is realized on the first plane.
  • the height of the light-shielding pattern is h
  • the spacing between the shading patterns can adjust the angle at which the display substrate emits light.
  • the display substrate includes a plurality of pixel regions, and the width of the light shielding pattern is a. As shown in FIG. 2, the width of each pixel region 13 is d, and the value of a+b is not less than d is not greater than 2d. If the period of the shading pattern is too large, the anti-spying effect will be poor. If the period of the shading pattern is too small, it will affect the display effect of the display substrate. Therefore, the value of a+b is optionally 1 - 2 times the width of the pixel area.
  • the light shielding pattern 92 may also be an inverted trapezoidal structure. As schematically shown in FIG. 8, the width of the light shielding pattern 92 on the side close to the substrate substrate 11 is smaller than the width of the side away from the substrate substrate 11. Further, a plurality of light shielding patterns 92 are evenly spaced.
  • the light-shielding pattern can be made of a black matrix material.
  • a light-transmitting material is also filled between the light-shielding patterns, and the light-transmitting material can be made of an inorganic material such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride.
  • An organic material such as a transparent resin may be used, and the thickness of the light-transmitting pattern is equal to the thickness of the light-shielding pattern.
  • the embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a display substrate, including:
  • An optical structure is formed on a side of the base substrate facing away from the display function layer, the optical structure allowing only light within a predetermined viewing angle range to be emitted.
  • the optical structure is formed on the display substrate, and the optical structure only allows the light in the predetermined viewing angle range to be emitted, and the anti-spying effect can be realized by displaying the substrate itself, thereby eliminating the need to attach the anti-spy film on the display substrate.
  • the material can reduce the cost of the display device while avoiding the problems caused by attaching the anti-peep film.
  • the display substrate produced in the embodiment is applied to the vehicle display, since the visible angle range of the light emitted from the display substrate is small, it is also possible to prevent the display screen of the display substrate from forming a reflection on the front window of the automobile, thereby avoiding affecting the driver. Sight.
  • forming the optical structure on a side of the substrate substrate facing away from the display function layer comprises:
  • the optical structure is formed directly on a side surface of the base substrate facing away from the display function layer, that is, the formed optical structure is in direct contact with the base substrate.
  • the thickness of the protective resin layer is 100 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the anti-peep film is 100 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m, which will result in a relatively large overall thickness of the display module.
  • the optical structure is directly formed on the base substrate, and is directly in contact with the substrate, and the substrate can protect the optical structure, and does not need to be on the substrate.
  • a protective resin layer is formed between the board and the optical structure, so that the overall thickness of the display module can be greatly reduced.
  • the optical structure can be realized by a plurality of light modulating devices, such as a liquid crystal cell or a grating structure.
  • the optical structure can be realized by a plurality of light shielding patterns formed on the display substrate, as shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the light 2 emitted from the display substrate is not affected by the light shielding pattern, and the light is not emitted.
  • the light 1 emitted from the display substrate can be directly emitted without being affected by the light-shielding pattern, whereby the light-emitting direction of the display substrate can be controlled by the light-shielding pattern.
  • forming an optical structure on a side of the substrate substrate facing away from the display function layer includes:
  • the manufacturing method further includes:
  • a light transmissive material is filled between adjacent shading patterns.
  • the maximum exit angle of the light emitted through the optical structure on the first plane perpendicular to the second direction is reduced by the shading pattern, so that the exit angle of the light emitted through the optical structure on the first plane is Less than the threshold ⁇ , thereby implementing the anti-spy display on the first plane.
  • the height of the light-shielding pattern is h
  • the interval between adjacent light-shielding patterns is b
  • ⁇ arctan(b/h)
  • forming an optical structure on a side of the base substrate facing away from the display function layer includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 As shown in FIG. 3, a light shielding layer 93 is formed on the base substrate 11;
  • the display substrate is formed on the other side of the base substrate 11.
  • the light shielding layer 93 is formed on the side of the base substrate 11 where the display function layer is not formed.
  • the light shielding layer 93 can be made of a black photosensitive material. to make.
  • Step 2 As shown in FIG. 4, the light shielding layer 93 is exposed by using the mask 12;
  • the mask 12 includes a light-transmitting region and an opaque region, wherein the opaque region corresponds to the light-shielding pattern 92.
  • Step 3 As shown in FIG. 5, the exposed light-shielding layer 93 is developed to form a plurality of spaced-apart light-shielding patterns 92;
  • Step 4 As shown in FIG. 6, a light-transmitting material is filled between adjacent light-shielding patterns 92 to form a light-transmitting pattern 91.
  • the light-transmitting material may be an inorganic material such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride, or an organic material such as a transparent resin.
  • the thickness of the light-transmitting pattern 91 is equal to the thickness of the light-shielding pattern 92, and the setting of the light-transmitting pattern 91 can be provided for subsequent processes. Flat surface.
  • an optical structure 92 is formed on a side of the base substrate 11 facing away from the display function layer 94.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a top view of a display substrate that achieves anti-spy display by an optical structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the light-shielding pattern 92 may be a grid structure, it being understood that the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the structure of the light-shielding pattern.
  • This embodiment provides a display panel including the display substrate as described above.
  • the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, and the display panel includes a color film substrate and an array substrate disposed opposite to each other.
  • the optical structure is located on the back of the color filter substrate.
  • the display panel When the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, the display panel further includes: a first polarizing plate located on a light incident side of the display panel; and a second polarizing plate located on a light emitting side of the display panel; wherein the display substrate is a liquid crystal
  • the optical structure is located between the color filter substrate and the second polarizer; when the display substrate is an array substrate of the liquid crystal display panel, the optical structure is located in the array Between the substrate and the first polarizer.
  • the optical structure when the optical structure is located between the color filter substrate and the second polarizer, the optical structure is in direct contact with both the color filter substrate and the second polarizer;
  • the optical structure is in direct contact with both the array substrate and the second polarizer when the optical structure is between the array substrate and the first polarizer.
  • the anti-peep film when the anti-peep film is attached to the display panel, in order to avoid damage to the anti-peep film, it is necessary to provide a protective resin layer on both sides of the anti-peep film, and the thickness of the protective resin layer is The thickness of the anti-peep film is from 100 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m, which results in a relatively large overall thickness of the display module.
  • the optical structure is disposed between the color filter substrate and the second polarizer, and is directly in contact with the color filter substrate and the second polarizer, so that the color filter substrate and the second polarizer can protect the optical
  • the function of the structure eliminates the need to form a protective resin layer on both sides of the optical structure, so that the overall thickness of the display panel can be greatly reduced.
  • the optical structure is disposed between the array substrate and the first polarizing plate, and is in direct contact with the array substrate and the first polarizing plate, so that the array substrate and the first polarizing plate can protect the optical structure, and no need to A protective resin layer is formed on both sides of the optical structure, so that the overall thickness of the display panel can be greatly reduced.
  • the overall thickness of the display panel can be reduced by 200 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, which is more advantageous for achieving lightness and thinness of the display product.
  • the embodiment provides a display device including the display panel as described above.
  • the display device may be any product or component having a display function, such as a liquid crystal television, a liquid crystal display, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, etc., wherein the display device further includes a flexible circuit board, a printed circuit board, and a backboard.
  • the display device of the embodiment When the display device of the embodiment is applied to the vehicle display, since the visible angle range of the light emitted by the display device is small, it is also possible to prevent the display screen of the display device from forming a reflection on the front window of the automobile, thereby avoiding affecting the driver. Sight.
  • the display device When the display device is a liquid crystal display device, the display device includes: a first polarizing plate on the light incident side of the display panel and a second polarizing plate on the light emitting side of the display panel;
  • the display substrate is a color filter substrate of a liquid crystal display panel, the optical structure is located between the color film substrate and the second polarizing plate; and when the display substrate is an array substrate of a liquid crystal display panel, An optical structure is between the array substrate and the first polarizer.
  • the display device includes a display panel, a backlight 1 and a first polarizing plate 2, and a second polarizing plate 10.
  • the display panel includes an array substrate 3 and a color filter substrate 8 disposed opposite to each other.
  • the sealant 5, the color film substrate 8 is provided with a black matrix 7 and an alignment layer 6, and the array substrate 3 is provided with an alignment layer 4 and a thin film transistor array (not shown), and the first polarizer 2 is located on the array substrate 3 and Between the backlights 1, the second polarizing plate 10 is located on the side of the color filter substrate 8 facing away from the array substrate 3.
  • an optical structure 9 is disposed between the second polarizing plate 10 and the color filter substrate 8, such that In the display When the light of the display panel exits the optical structure 9, the optical structure 9 allows only light in a predetermined viewing angle range to be emitted, and the anti-spying effect can be realized by the display device itself, thereby eliminating the need to additionally attach a peeping film, thereby reducing the display device. The cost, while avoiding the problems caused by attaching the anti-peep film.

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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种显示基板及其制作方法、显示面板及显示装置。其中，显示基板包括：衬底基板（11）；位于衬底基板（11）上的显示功能层（94）；位于衬底基板（11）一侧的光学结构（92），其中光学结构（92）被配置为将来自显示功能层（94）的光线的出射角度控制在预设角度范围。

Description

显示基板及其制作方法、显示面板及显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年3月17日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710159830.2的优先权，其全部内容据此通过引用并入本申请。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示基板及其制作方法、显示面板及显示装置。
背景技术
液晶显示技术已经成为市场主流显示技术，在像素分辨率、响应时间、屏幕尺寸等多个方面能够满足人们的需求，但是在一些特殊的显示环境下，人们需要特殊的显示模式以满足特定的需求，例如在办公环境中或者车载显示环境中，人们需要限制显示屏的观测角度，达到防窥或者车用显示防倒影的目的。
发明内容
本公开的实施例提供技术方案如下：
一方面，提供一种显示基板，包括：
衬底基板；
位于所述衬底基板上的显示功能层；
位于所述衬底基板一侧的光学结构，其中所述光学结构被配置为将来自所述显示功能层的光线的出射角度控制在预设角度范围。
可选地，经所述光学结构包括多个间隔设置的遮光图形，每个遮光图形的延伸方向与第一平面垂直，其中所述第一平面与所述衬底基板平行。
可选地，每个遮光图形在垂直于所述延伸方向的方向上具有均匀的宽度a。进一步地，经所述光学结构出射的光线在第一平面上的出射角度小于阈值Θ，所述遮光图形的高度为h，相邻遮光图形之间的间距为b，其中，Θ＝arctan(b/h)。
可选地，所述显示基板包括多个像素区域，每一像素区域的宽度为d，a+b的值不小于d不大于2d。
可选地，每个遮光图形在垂直于所述延伸方向的方向上靠近所述衬底基板的宽度小于远离所述衬底基板的宽度。
可选地，所述光学结构设置于所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧。
可选地，所述光学结构还包括：填充在相邻遮光图形之间的透光图形。
可选地，所述透光图形的高度与所述遮光图形的高度相同。
本公开实施例还提供了一种显示基板的制作方法，包括：
提供一衬底基板；
在所述衬底基板上形成显示功能层；
在所述衬底基板的一侧形成光学结构，所述光学结构被配置为将来自所述显示功能层的光线的出射角度控制在预设角度范围。
可选地，所述在所述衬底基板的一侧形成光学结构包括：
直接在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧表面上形成所述光学结构。
可选地，所述在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成光学结构包括：
在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成遮光层；
对所述遮光层进行构图，形成多个间隔设置的遮光图形，所述遮光图形的延伸方向与第一平面垂直，其中所述第一平面与所述衬底基板平行。
可选地，每个遮光图形在垂直于所述延伸方向的方向上具有均匀的宽度a。进一步地，经所述光学结构出射的光线在第一平面上的出射角度小于阈值Θ，所述遮光图形的高度为h，相邻遮光图形之间的间距为b，其中，Θ＝arctan(b/h)。
可选地，在所述形成多个间隔设置的遮光图形之后，所述方法还包括：
在相邻遮光图形之间填充透光材料。
本公开实施例还提供了一种显示面板，包括如上所述的显示基板。
可选地，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板，所述显示面板包括相对设置的彩膜基板和阵列基板；
所述显示基板为彩膜基板，所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板背向所述阵列基板的一侧，或所述显示基板为阵列基板，所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板背 向所述彩膜基板的一侧。
可选地，所述显示面板还包括：
位于所述显示面板入光侧的第一偏振片和位于所述显示面板出光侧的第二偏振片；
在所述显示基板为液晶显示面板的彩膜基板时，所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片之间，或者在所述显示基板为液晶显示面板的阵列基板时，所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板和所述第一偏振片之间。
可选地，在所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片之间时，所述光学结构与所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片均直接接触；或者
在所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板和所述第一偏振片之间时，所述光学结构与所述阵列基板和所述第二偏振片均直接接触。
本公开实施例还提供了一种显示装置，包括如上所述的显示面板。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例通过光学结构实现防窥显示的示意图；
图2为本公开实施例显示基板包括多个像素区域的示意图；
图3-图6为本公开实施例制作光学结构的流程示意图；
图7为本公开实施例显示装置的结构示意图。
图8为根据本公开实施例的通过光学结构实现防窥显示的显示基板的示意图。
图9为根据本公开实施例的通过光学结构实现防窥显示的显示基板的示意图。
图10为根据本公开实施例的通过光学结构实现防窥显示的显示基板的俯视图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的实施例要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面 将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
在相关技术中，通过在显示面板上贴附特殊的防窥膜材来实现防窥显示，成本不但比较高，防窥膜材的品质不易控制，而且还会增加显示模组的整体厚度。
为解决上述问题，根据本公开一些实施例，提供了一种显示基板及其制作方法、显示面板及显示装置，能够以较低的成本实现显示装置的防窥显示。
本实施例提供一种显示基板，包括：
衬底基板；
位于所述衬底基板上的显示功能层；
位于所述衬底基板一侧的光学结构，所述光学结构仅允许预设视角范围内的光线出射。
换句话说，光学结构被配置为将来自所述显示功能层的光线的出射角度控制在预设角度范围。
需要说明的是，光学结构可以设置在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层一侧的，当然该光学结构还可以设置在衬底基板靠近显示功能层的一侧，如设置在衬底基板和显示功能层之间。
本实施例中，将光学结构集成在显示基板上，光学结构仅允许预设视角范围内的光线出射，通过显示基板自身即可实现防窥效果，从而无需再在显示基板上贴附防窥膜材，能够减低显示装置的成本，同时规避由贴附防窥膜材带来的问题。
可以根据实际应用来确定预设视角范围，在一些实施例中，可以通过光学结构的设计来实现该预设视角范围。
在本实施例的显示基板可以应用于车载显示时，由于显示基板出射光线的可视角度范围较小，因此，还能够防止显示基板的显示画面在汽车前窗玻璃上形成倒影，避免影响驾驶员的视线。
相关技术中，在显示面板上贴附防窥膜材时，为了避免对防窥膜材造成损伤，因此，需要在防窥膜材的两侧均设置保护树脂层，保护树脂层的厚度为100μm～250μm，而防窥膜材的厚度为100μm～120μm，这样将会导致显示 模组的整体厚度比较大。而本实施例中，将光学结构直接设置在衬底基板上，与衬底基板直接接触，衬底基板就可以起到保护光学结构的作用，不需要再在衬底基板和光学结构之间设置保护树脂层，因此，可以大大降低显示模组的整体厚度。
其中，光学结构可以采用多种光线调制器件来实现，比如液晶盒或光栅结构。为了降低成本，本实施例中，光学结构可以通过形成在显示基板上的多个遮光图形来实现，如图1所示，其中，由显示基板出射的光线1会受到遮光图形的影响不能射出，而由显示基板出射的光线2能够不受遮光图形的影响直接射出，由此，通过遮光图形92可以控制显示基板光线的出射方向。
具体地，如图1所示，所述光学结构包括：
多个间隔设置的遮光图形92，所述遮光图形92的延伸方向为第二方向，所述第二方向与所述第一平面垂直。
进一步地，光学结构还包括：
填充在相邻遮光图形之间的透光图形91。
本实施例中，光学结构包括多个延伸方向为第二方向的遮光图形，这样，从显示基板出射的光线，当在第一平面的出射角度(即光线与第二方向的夹角)较大(如大于图1所示的角度Θ)时，会被光学结构中的遮光图形92遮挡。换句话说，经过光学结构出射的光线在与第二方向垂直的第一平面上的最大出射角度就会受到遮光图形的影响而减小，使得经光学结构出射的光线在第一平面上的出射角度均小于阈值Θ，从而在第一平面上实现防窥显示。
进一步地，如图1所示，所述遮光图形的高度为h，相邻遮光图形之间的间距为b，其中，Θ＝arctan(b/h)，这样通过设计遮光图形的高度和相邻遮光图形之间的间距可以调整显示基板出射光线的角度。
进一步地，所述显示基板包括多个像素区域，所述遮光图形的宽度为a，如图2所示，每一像素区域13的宽度为d，a+b的值不小于d不大于2d。如果遮光图形的周期设计的过大，防窥效果会比较差，如果遮光图形的周期设计的过小，又会影响显示基板的显示效果，因此，可选地，a+b的值介于1-2倍的像素区域宽度之间。
可选地，遮光图形92还可以是倒梯形的结构，示意性地如图8，遮光图形92在靠近衬底基板11的一侧的宽度小于远离衬底基板11的一侧的宽度。进一步地，多个遮光图形92均匀间隔设置。
其中，遮光图形可以采用黑矩阵材料来制作，为了给后续制程提供平坦的表面，在遮光图形之间还填充有透光材料，透光材料可以采用二氧化硅或氮化硅等无机材料，也可以采用透明树脂等有机材料，透光图形的厚度等于遮光图形的厚度。
本实施例提供了一种显示基板的制作方法，包括：
提供一衬底基板；
在所述衬底基板上形成显示功能层；
在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成光学结构，所述光学结构仅允许预设视角范围内的光线出射。
本实施例中，将光学结构制作在显示基板上，光学结构仅允许预设视角范围内的光线出射，通过显示基板自身即可实现防窥效果，从而无需再在显示基板上贴附防窥膜材，能够减低显示装置的成本，同时规避由贴附防窥膜材带来的问题。
在本实施例制作的显示基板应用于车载显示时，由于显示基板出射光线的可视角度范围较小，因此，还能够防止显示基板的显示画面在汽车前窗玻璃上形成倒影，避免影响驾驶员的视线。
进一步地，所述在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成光学结构包括：
直接在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧表面上形成所述光学结构，即形成的光学结构与衬底基板直接接触。
相关技术在显示面板上贴附防窥膜材时，为了避免对防窥膜材造成损伤，因此，需要在防窥膜材的两侧均设置保护树脂层，保护树脂层的厚度为100μm～250μm，而防窥膜材的厚度为100μm～120μm，这样将会导致显示模组的整体厚度比较大。而本实施例中，将光学结构直接制作在衬底基板上，与衬底基板直接接触，衬底基板就可以起到保护光学结构的作用，不需要再在衬底基 板和光学结构之间制作保护树脂层，因此，可以大大降低显示模组的整体厚度。
其中，光学结构可以采用多种光线调制器件来实现，比如液晶盒或光栅结构。为了降低成本，本实施例中，光学结构可以通过形成在显示基板上的多个遮光图形来实现，如图1所示，其中，由显示基板出射的光线2会受到遮光图形的影响不能射出，而由显示基板出射的光线1能够不受遮光图形的影响直接射出，由此，通过遮光图形可以控制显示基板光线的出射方向。
具体地，在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成光学结构包括：
在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成遮光层；
对所述遮光层进行构图，形成多个间隔设置的遮光图形，所述遮光图形的延伸方向为第二方向，所述第二方向与所述第一平面垂直。
进一步地，形成多个间隔设置的遮光图形之后，制作方法还包括：
在相邻遮光图形之间填充透光材料。
这样，经过光学结构出射的光线在与第二方向垂直的第一平面上的最大出射角度就会受到遮光图形的影响而减小，使得经光学结构出射的光线在第一平面上的出射角度均小于阈值Θ，从而在第一平面上实现防窥显示。
当然，在相邻遮光图形之间可以不设置透光图形的情况，即为常规下的空气。本公开实施例对此不做限制。
如图1所示，遮光图形的高度为h，相邻遮光图形之间的间距为b，其中，Θ＝arctan(b/h)，这样在制作光学结构时，通过所需要的显示基板出射光线的角度可以调整遮光图形的高度和相邻遮光图形之间的间距。
具体地，如图3-图6所示，在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成光学结构包括以下步骤：
步骤1：如图3所示，在衬底基板11上形成遮光层93；
其中，衬底基板11的另一侧形成有显示功能层，本步骤是在衬底基板11未形成有显示功能层的一侧形成遮光层93，遮光层93具体地可以采用黑色的感光材料制成。
步骤2：如图4所示，利用掩膜板12对遮光层93进行曝光；
其中，掩膜板12包括有透光区域和不透光区域，其中，不透光区域对应于遮光图形92。
步骤3：如图5所示，对曝光后的遮光层93进行显影，形成多个间隔设置的遮光图形92；
步骤4：如图6所示，在相邻遮光图形92之间填充透光材料，形成透光图形91。
透光材料可以采用二氧化硅或氮化硅等无机材料，也可以采用透明树脂等有机材料，透光图形91的厚度等于遮光图形92的厚度，通过透光图形91的设置可以给后续制程提供平坦的表面。
示例性地，如图9所示，在所述衬底基板11背离所述显示功能层94的一侧形成光学结构92。可选地，图10示出根据本公开实施例的通过光学结构实现防窥显示的显示基板的俯视图。例如，遮光图形92可以是网格结构，应理解，本公开实施例对于遮光图形的结构不做限制。
本实施例提供了一种显示面板，包括如上所述的显示基板。
进一步地，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板，所述显示面板包括相对设置的彩膜基板和阵列基板，在所述显示基板为彩膜基板时，所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板背向所述阵列基板的一侧；在所述显示基板为阵列基板时，所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板背向所述彩膜基板的一侧，即光学结构位于显示面板的入光侧或出光侧。
在显示面板为液晶显示面板时，所述显示面板还包括：位于所述显示面板入光侧的第一偏振片和位于所述显示面板出光侧的第二偏振片；在所述显示基板为液晶显示面板的彩膜基板时，所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片之间；在所述显示基板为液晶显示面板的阵列基板时，所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板和所述第一偏振片之间。
其中，在所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片之间时，所述光学结构与所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片均直接接触；
在所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板和所述第一偏振片之间时，所述光学结构与所述阵列基板和所述第二偏振片均直接接触。
相关技术中，在显示面板上贴附防窥膜材时，为了避免对防窥膜材造成损伤，因此，需要在防窥膜材的两侧均设置保护树脂层，保护树脂层的厚度为 100μm～250μm，而防窥膜材的厚度为100μm～120μm，这样将会导致显示模组的整体厚度比较大。
而本实施例中，将光学结构设置在彩膜基板和第二偏振片之间，与彩膜基板和第二偏振片均直接接触，这样彩膜基板和第二偏振片就可以起到保护光学结构的作用，不需要再在光学结构两侧制作保护树脂层，因此，可以大大降低显示面板的整体厚度。或者将光学结构设置在阵列基板和第一偏振片之间，与阵列基板和第一偏振片均直接接触，这样阵列基板和第一偏振片就可以起到保护光学结构的作用，不需要再在光学结构两侧制作保护树脂层，因此，可以大大降低显示面板的整体厚度。相较于相关技术，显示面板的整体厚度可以下降200μm～500μm，从而更有利于实现显示产品的轻薄化。
本实施例提供了一种显示装置，包括如上所述的显示面板。所述显示装置可以为：液晶电视、液晶显示器、数码相框、手机、平板电脑等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件，其中，所述显示装置还包括柔性电路板、印刷电路板和背板。
在本实施例的显示装置应用于车载显示时，由于显示装置出射光线的可视角度范围较小，因此，还能够防止显示装置的显示画面在汽车前窗玻璃上形成倒影，避免影响驾驶员的视线。
在显示装置为液晶显示装置时，显示装置除包括显示面板外，显示装置还包括：位于所述显示面板入光侧的第一偏振片和位于所述显示面板出光侧的第二偏振片；在所述显示基板为液晶显示面板的彩膜基板时，所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片之间；在所述显示基板为液晶显示面板的阵列基板时，所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板和所述第一偏振片之间。
一具体实施例中，如图7所示，显示装置包括显示面板、背光源1和第一偏振片2、第二偏振片10，其中显示面板包括对向设置的阵列基板3、彩膜基板8和封框胶5，彩膜基板8上设置有黑矩阵7和取向层6，阵列基板3上设置有取向层4和薄膜晶体管阵列(未图示)，第一偏振片2位于阵列基板3和背光源1之间，第二偏振片10位于彩膜基板8背向阵列基板3的一侧，本实施例中，在第二偏振片10和彩膜基板8之间设置有光学结构9，这样在显 示面板的光线出射光学结构9时，光学结构9仅允许预设视角范围内的光线出射，通过显示装置自身即可实现防窥效果，从而无需再另外贴附防窥膜材，能够减低显示装置的成本，同时规避由贴附防窥膜材带来的问题。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
可以理解，当诸如层、膜、区域或基板之类的元件被称作位于另一元件“上”或“下”时，该元件可以“直接”位于另一元件“上”或“下”，或者可以存在中间元件。
以上所述是本公开的可选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示基板，包括：
    衬底基板；
    位于所述衬底基板上的显示功能层；
    位于所述衬底基板一侧的光学结构，其中所述光学结构被配置为将来自所述显示功能层的光线的出射角度控制在预设角度范围。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，其中，所述光学结构包括多个间隔设置的遮光图形，每个遮光图形的延伸方向与第一平面垂直，其中所述第一平面与所述衬底基板平行。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示基板，其中，每个遮光图形在垂直于所述延伸方向的方向上具有均匀的宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的显示基板，其中，经所述光学结构出射的光线在第一平面上的出射角度小于阈值Θ，所述遮光图形的高度为h，相邻遮光图形之间的间距为b，其中，Θ＝arctan(b/h)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的显示基板，其中，所述显示基板包括多个像素区域，每一像素区域的宽度为d，a+b的值不小于d不大于2d。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的显示基板，其中，每个遮光图形在垂直于所述延伸方向的方向上靠近所述衬底基板的宽度小于远离所述衬底基板的宽度。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的显示基板，其中，所述光学结构还包括：
    填充在相邻遮光图形之间的透光图形。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的显示基板，所述透光图形的高度与所述遮光图形的高度相同。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的显示基板，其中，
    所述光学结构设置于所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧。
  10. 一种显示基板的制作方法，包括：
    提供一衬底基板；
    在所述衬底基板上形成显示功能层；
    在所述衬底基板的一侧形成光学结构，所述光学结构被配置为将来自所述 显示功能层的光线的出射角度控制在预设角度范围。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示基板的制作方法，所述在所述衬底基板的一侧形成光学结构包括：
    直接在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧表面上形成所述光学结构。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的显示基板的制作方法，其中，所述在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成光学结构包括：
    在所述衬底基板背离所述显示功能层的一侧形成遮光层；
    对所述遮光层进行构图，形成多个间隔设置的遮光图形，所述遮光图形的延伸方向与第一平面垂直，其中所述第一平面与所述衬底基板平行。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的显示基板的制作方法，其中，每个遮光图形在垂直于所述延伸方向的方向上具有均匀的宽度a。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的显示基板的制作方法，其中，经所述光学结构出射的光线在第一平面上的出射角度小于阈值Θ，所述遮光图形的高度为h，相邻遮光图形之间的间距为b，其中，Θ＝arctan(b/h)。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的显示基板的制作方法，其中，在所述形成多个间隔设置的遮光图形之后，所述方法还包括：
    在相邻遮光图形之间填充透光材料。
  16. 一种显示面板，包括如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的显示基板。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的显示面板，其中，
    所述显示面板为液晶显示面板，所述显示面板包括相对设置的彩膜基板和阵列基板；
    所述显示基板为彩膜基板，所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板背向所述阵列基板的一侧，或所述显示基板为阵列基板，所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板背向所述彩膜基板的一侧。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的显示面板，还包括：
    位于所述显示面板入光侧的第一偏振片和位于所述显示面板出光侧的第二偏振片；
    在所述显示基板为液晶显示面板的彩膜基板时，所述光学结构位于所述彩 膜基板和所述第二偏振片之间，或者
    在所述显示基板为液晶显示面板的阵列基板时，所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板和所述第一偏振片之间。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的显示面板，其中，
    在所述光学结构位于所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片之间时，所述光学结构与所述彩膜基板和所述第二偏振片均直接接触；或者
    在所述光学结构位于所述阵列基板和所述第一偏振片之间时，所述光学结构与所述阵列基板和所述第二偏振片均直接接触。
  20. 一种显示装置，包括如权利要求16-19任一项所述的显示面板。
PCT/CN2017/117083 2017-03-17 2017-12-19 显示基板及其制作方法、显示面板及显示装置 WO2018166260A1 (zh)

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