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WO2018164654A1 - Procédé de chauffage et de pyrolyse par plasma d'arc de déchets de substances complexes - Google Patents

Procédé de chauffage et de pyrolyse par plasma d'arc de déchets de substances complexes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018164654A1
WO2018164654A1 PCT/UA2018/000023 UA2018000023W WO2018164654A1 WO 2018164654 A1 WO2018164654 A1 WO 2018164654A1 UA 2018000023 W UA2018000023 W UA 2018000023W WO 2018164654 A1 WO2018164654 A1 WO 2018164654A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arc
heater
pyrolysis
active
plasma
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/UA2018/000023
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Volodymyr KOLODOCHKA
Original Assignee
Kolodochka Volodymyr
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kolodochka Volodymyr filed Critical Kolodochka Volodymyr
Publication of WO2018164654A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018164654A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge

Definitions

  • the invention itself relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more specifically to the method of plasma-arc heating of materials, and can be used in electrothermal
  • liquid, powders or pieces of thermal energy of a low-temperature plasma jet have significant disadvantages, the main of which are :
  • external electrodes is regulated due to the sequence of location of external electrodes on the circumference of disintegration within the range of 0.5-1.5 from the. rated value, and the amperage of each arc burning between the hollow inner and outer electrodes is regulated with a frequency of l*10 "z to 1* 10 "5 Hz.
  • the parameters stated in the prototype do not provide the compliance with the basic conditions - the choice of optimal current strength and arc length, which provide the necessary performance and completeness of processing the materials.
  • the prototype also does not take into account the influence of the mass of the processed material per unit time on- the heat capacity of the working area, which leads to large fluctuations in the temperature of the reaction zone and violation of the abovementioned optimal parameters of the technological process.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the known method of electric arc heating by choosing optimal process parameters:
  • the preheating of the material in the active type heater is carried out up to the temperature of 1800 - 2000°C by adjusting and maintaining the ratio of the amperage of the active type heater multiplied by the voltage drop on the active resistance of the heater to the processed material's performance (kg/h) within the limits of 1000-1370 (W « h/kg) .
  • conversion of solid, powdered or liquid material into a gas state and destruction of weak chemical bonds are achieved.
  • the gaseous material is heated in a porous heater of the active type up to the temperature of 2200- 2300° C by adjusting and maintaining the ratio of active current heater's amperage multiplied by the voltage drop on the active resistance of the heater to the processed material's performance (kg/h) within 900-13350 W*h/kg.
  • a porous heater of the active type up to the temperature of 2200- 2300° C by adjusting and maintaining the ratio of active current heater's amperage multiplied by the voltage drop on the active resistance of the heater to the processed material's performance (kg/h) within 900-13350 W*h/kg.
  • the heating of the gaseous material up to the temperature of 4500 - 6000° C by adjusting and maintaining the ratio of the arc discharge' s amperage multiplied by the voltage drop on the arc to the processed material's performance (kg/h) is maintained and adjusted within 950-1250 (W » h/kg) , as well as by adjusting and maintaining the ratio of the arc column's length (mm) to the processed material's performance (kg/h) in the range of 0.15-0.3 within 14.9-18.1 (mm « h/kg) .
  • the heating and pyrolysis of the processed materials are carried out not by simple regulation of arc current, but by regulation and maintenance of optimal technological parameters of the process: '
  • ratio of amperage of the arc discharge multiplied by voltage drop on the arc to the processed material's performance; ratio of arc column's length to the processed material's performance.
  • Fig . 1 shows the main type of device for plasma-arc heating and pyrolysis of complex substances.
  • the heating and pyrolysis of complex substances are carried out in a sealed two-chamber reactor.
  • the lower (1.9) and upper (15) reactor chambers are coated with refractory material from the inside.
  • an active type heater (1) in which the fine coke or helix layer of a material with high electrical resistance (21) is used as an active resistance .
  • the electric power of the heater of the active type is carried out from the source (22), whose current can be regulated in wide ranges.
  • a mechanism with a bunker (2) is provided on the surface of the active type heater (1).
  • the working space of the lower (19) and upper (15) chambers is separated by, a porous heater of active type (16), through which the gaseous mixture (20), which was formed as a result of heating in the heater (1), pass'es through.
  • a ' layer of fine coke (17) is used as an active resistance in a porous heater of active type.
  • the power supply of the porous heater of , active type is carried out from the source (18), whose current can be regulated in wide range.
  • the hollow graphite electrode (11) is located on the lid of the upper chamber (15) , in the mechanism of t,he device, in a water cooled electrode (13), which is insulated from the lid by an insulator (14). ' The mechanism of installation of the electrode provides the possibility ' of
  • Plasma-arc heating and pyrolysis of waste of complex substances are carried out in the following way.
  • fine coke layer (21) and (17), respectively is loaded into the active. type heater (1) and the porous heater of the active type (16) .
  • the feeder (2) ⁇ of the processed material gets the loaded material, after which the feeder is sealed.
  • the lower (19) and upper (15) chambers are also sealed.
  • Electric power supply (22) of the active type heater (1) is switched on, regulating the amperage and power of the heater (1) .
  • the power source (18) of the porous heater of active type (16) is switched on, regulating the amperage and power of the heater (16) .
  • the electric supply of arc discharge (4) is switched on, the arc discharge (3) between the surface of the fine coke (17) and the graphite electrode (11) is stimulated by contacting the
  • the processed material from the feeder is supplied to the surface of the fine coke (21) of the active type heater (1) .
  • the processed material is heated in a heater of active type (1) up to the temperature of 1800-2000°C, at which it passes into the gaseous state . (20) .
  • This process is accompanied by a rupture of weak chemical bonds and an increase in the pressure of gases in the lower chamber (19) .
  • the gaseous mixture (20) passes through the cavities of the porous heater of active type (16) under the action of the high pressure and is heated up to the temperature of 2200-2300°C, increasing in volume.
  • the gas mixture heated to this temperature under the action of the high pressure of gases in the upper chamber passes through the arc (3) and is heated up to the temperature of 4500 - 6000°C.
  • the gas mixture is sent to the filters (6, 7, 8, 9), in which the chemical cleaning of the gas mixture from harmful and poisonous gases is carried out.
  • the gas mixture is released into the atmosphere purified from harmful and poisonous gases.
  • the proposed method of plasma arc heating and pyrolysis of wastes of complex substances - polyvinylchloride in particular- was tested experimentally.
  • the device itself was a sealed two- . chamber reactor, coated with refractory material from inside.
  • an active type heater (1) in which an 85 mm thick fine coke layer was used as an active resistance.
  • the dimensions of the working surface of the heater (fine coke layer) were the following: width - 200 mm and length - 300 mm.
  • the power supply of the active type heater was carried out from a transformer with a regulated voltage in the range of 35-67 V, and regulated amperage within 300-800 A.
  • polyvinyl chloride was used, which in the form of pieces 30 ⁇ 30 ⁇ 5 mm was fed to the working surface of the active type heater from the sealed hopper of the feeder' s
  • the working space of the lower and upper chambers was separated by a porous heater of the " active type, in which an 85 mm thick fine coke layer was used as an active resistance, with the width of the working surface at 180 mm, the length at 250 mm.
  • the power supply of the porous heater of the active type was carried out from the same transformer used to power the active type heater .
  • the electric power of the arc was carried out from a source with an- idle voltage of 120- 360 V, the current strength of which could be regulated within 100-500 A.
  • the mechanism of electrode's installation allowed adjusting the length of the arc within 0-150 mm during the process.
  • hypochlorous acid forming calcium salts, which can further be used in various industries;
  • the control of volumetric percent of chlorine content at the output from the second chamber is carried out by a
  • Pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride was performed in the form of pieces of 30 ⁇ 30 ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the processed material was loaded to the feeder's bunker.
  • the lower and upper chambers, as well as the feeder, were sealed.
  • the power sources of the active type heater and porous heater of active type were switched on.
  • the current strength of the active type heater and the porous heater of active type were regulated within the limits of 400-1100 A and 500-1500 A respectively.
  • the arc discharge source was switched on and the arc was stimulated by contacting the
  • the processed material was supplied to the surface of the active type heater with a productivity of 3 ⁇ ' kg/h, with its following performing heating and pyrolysis in the active type heater, the porous heater of the active type and in the arc discharge.
  • the force of the current of the heaters and the arcs was regulated within the optimum, smaller and larger values of the ratios indicated in the
  • the percentage of the processed material's transformation (polyvinyl chloride) into the gaseous state the optimum values of temperatures of the gaseous product after heating it with the active type heater and temperature of the gaseous product before entering it into the arc discharge after the porous active type heater match the following
  • the proposed method of plasma-arc heating and pyrolysis of complex substances can be used for the processing and conversion of industrial, household and medical waste.
  • Table 1 Energy and technological parameters of plasma-arc heating and pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de chauffage et de pyrolyse par plasma d'arc pour déchets de substances complexes, dont des substances provenant de composés à poids moléculaire élevé. Le procédé consiste à: appliquer une tension et établir un arc direct (3) entre une électrode en graphite creuse (11) et du coke fin (17) placés dans un dispositif de chauffage poreux de type actif (16); et régler l'intensité du courant en ampères, la puissance et la longueur de l'arc.
PCT/UA2018/000023 2017-03-10 2018-03-12 Procédé de chauffage et de pyrolyse par plasma d'arc de déchets de substances complexes WO2018164654A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UA201702258 2017-03-10
UAA201702258 2017-03-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018164654A1 true WO2018164654A1 (fr) 2018-09-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/UA2018/000023 WO2018164654A1 (fr) 2017-03-10 2018-03-12 Procédé de chauffage et de pyrolyse par plasma d'arc de déchets de substances complexes

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2018164654A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3812620A (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-05-28 Gen Electric Apparatus and process for segregating and decomposing heterogeneous waste materials
US4431612A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-02-14 Electro-Petroleum, Inc. Apparatus for the decomposition of hazardous materials and the like
US20010043638A1 (en) * 1994-06-27 2001-11-22 Wittle J. Kenneth Concentric electrode DC arc systems and their use in processing waste materials

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3812620A (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-05-28 Gen Electric Apparatus and process for segregating and decomposing heterogeneous waste materials
US4431612A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-02-14 Electro-Petroleum, Inc. Apparatus for the decomposition of hazardous materials and the like
US20010043638A1 (en) * 1994-06-27 2001-11-22 Wittle J. Kenneth Concentric electrode DC arc systems and their use in processing waste materials

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