WO2018158876A1 - 到来角度特定装置、料金収受システム及び到来角度特定方法 - Google Patents
到来角度特定装置、料金収受システム及び到来角度特定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018158876A1 WO2018158876A1 PCT/JP2017/008089 JP2017008089W WO2018158876A1 WO 2018158876 A1 WO2018158876 A1 WO 2018158876A1 JP 2017008089 W JP2017008089 W JP 2017008089W WO 2018158876 A1 WO2018158876 A1 WO 2018158876A1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 32
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- 101100499365 Mus musculus Dlk1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 101150094423 SCP2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
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- 101001093748 Homo sapiens Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P Proteins 0.000 description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
- G01S3/48—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q2240/00—Transportation facility access, e.g. fares, tolls or parking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arrival angle specifying device, a toll collection system, and an arrival angle specifying method.
- ETC Electronic Toll Collection System (registered trademark), also referred to as “automatic toll collection system”
- ITS Intelligent Transport System
- DSRC narrowband wireless communication
- wireless communication between the roadside antenna and the vehicle-mounted device is performed by the DSRC method.
- a wireless communication method called WAVE IEEE802.11p
- WAVE IEEE802.11p
- the DSRC scheme is a communication using a single carrier wave
- the WAVE scheme is an OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) scheme in which a plurality of subcarriers are multiplexed.
- the roadside antenna when performing wireless communication between the roadside antenna and the vehicle-mounted device, the roadside antenna communicates with a vehicle that is located outside the narrow communication area defined for performing regular narrowband wireless communication (unexpected communication ( There is a problem that miscommunication) can be made. For example, due to the reflection of radio waves in structures such as a toll's ceiling, the roadside antenna is mounted on an in-vehicle device of another vehicle that travels behind a vehicle (a vehicle that should normally perform wireless communication) existing in a narrow communication area. May miscommunication.
- the electronic fee collection system performs fee collection processing by wireless communication only when the arrival angle of radio waves is within a normal range.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique for calculating the arrival angle of a communication signal (radio wave) that has been frequency division multiplexed based on the OFDM method.
- An arrival angle identifying device that identifies the angle of arrival of an OFDM communication signal is required to simplify signal processing from the viewpoint of cost saving and processing speed.
- the present invention provides an arrival angle specifying device, a toll collection system, and an arrival angle specifying method capable of specifying the arrival angle of a frequency division multiplexed radio wave by simple signal processing.
- the arrival angle specifying device (1) receives a reception signal having a plurality of subcarriers by a plurality of antenna elements (10), and specifies the arrival angle of the reception signal.
- An arrival angle specifying device which extracts a specific subcarrier defined in advance from the received signal received by each of the plurality of antenna elements, and extracts from each of the signal processing units And an angle specifying unit (19) for specifying the arrival angle based on the phase difference of the specified subcarrier.
- the signal processing unit includes a frequency adjustment unit (156a, 156b) that adjusts a deviation of a frequency of the reception signal received by the antenna element from a specified value, and a band-pass filter process for the reception signal whose frequency is adjusted And a filter unit (157a, 157b) for extracting the specific subcarrier.
- a frequency adjustment unit (156a, 156b) that adjusts a deviation of a frequency of the reception signal received by the antenna element from a specified value
- a band-pass filter process for the reception signal whose frequency is adjusted
- a filter unit 157a, 157b
- the signal processing unit further includes an amplitude adjustment unit (152) for adjusting the amplitude of the reception signal received by the antenna element to a predetermined magnitude.
- the specific subcarrier is a pilot carrier (SCp) that is not phase-modulated for data transmission.
- SCp pilot carrier
- the signal processing unit extracts a plurality of pilot carriers having different frequencies. By doing in this way, it becomes difficult to receive the influence of multipath fading, and the reliability of the function which specifies an arrival angle can be improved.
- the toll collection system includes the arrival angle specifying device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects.
- the arrival angle specifying method receives a reception signal having a plurality of subcarriers by a plurality of antenna elements and specifies the arrival angle of the reception signal.
- An angle specifying step of specifying the angle of arrival based on the phase difference of The signal processing step includes: a frequency adjustment step of adjusting a deviation of a frequency of the reception signal received by the antenna element from a specified value; and a band-pass filter process for the reception signal with the frequency adjusted, Filtering step for extracting subcarriers.
- the arrival angle of frequency division multiplexed radio waves can be specified by simple signal processing.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a toll collection system according to the first embodiment.
- the toll collection system 5 according to the first embodiment is an electronic toll collection system installed at, for example, an entrance toll gate and an exit toll gate (hereinafter referred to as a toll gate) on a highway.
- the toll collection system 5 performs radio communication with a vehicle passing through a toll booth and automatically performs toll collection processing.
- the toll collection system 5 is provided on the roadside of a lane L such as a toll gate.
- the toll collection system 5 includes an arrival angle specifying device 1 and a toll collection antenna 2 (roadside antenna).
- the arrival angle identifying device 1 is a device for identifying the arrival angle of a radio wave transmitted from the vehicle-mounted device A1 mounted on the vehicle A during wireless communication for toll collection processing.
- the toll collection antenna 2 is a roadside antenna for performing toll collection processing by performing wireless communication with the vehicle-mounted device A1 mounted on the vehicle A.
- the WAVE system is an OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) system that performs radio communication using a plurality of subcarriers that are frequency-division multiplexed.
- a frequency band having a center frequency of 5900 MHz and a channel width of 10 MHz is assigned to a certain channel.
- the allocated frequency band is further divided into 64 subcarriers with a subcarrier width of 0.156625 MHz.
- 12 of the 64 are Null carriers (no contents), and the remaining 52 subcarriers are used.
- 52 subcarriers 48 are called data carriers and are used to transmit data. That is, 48 data carriers are phase-modulated based on data to be transmitted and propagate in the atmosphere.
- four of the 52 subcarriers are called pilot carriers, and are used to secure demodulation processing (synchronization) on the receiving side (toll collection antenna 2). Since the pilot carrier is not used for data transmission, it is not phase-modulated.
- which subcarrier is used as a pilot carrier (or data carrier) out of 52 subcarriers is defined in advance.
- the four pilot carriers are the seventh and 21st subcarriers counted from the center frequency (5900 MHz) to the lower frequency side, and the seventh and 21st subcarriers counted from the higher frequency side, respectively.
- Etc. are defined in advance.
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 receives an OFDM communication signal (a reception signal having a plurality of subcarriers) that is a radio wave transmitted from the vehicle-mounted device A1. Then, the arrival angle identification device 1 identifies the arrival angle of the received communication signal.
- the toll collection system 5 determines that the arrival angle of the radio wave specified by the arrival angle specifying device 1 is within the correct range (when it is determined that the vehicle exists in a predetermined communication area), the on-vehicle device A charge collection process through the charge collection antenna 2 is executed for A1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the arrival angle identifying device according to the first embodiment.
- the functional configuration of the arrival angle specifying device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- a plurality of antenna elements 10, and a plurality of high-frequency amplifiers 11, mixers 12, variable amplifiers 13, A / D converters 14, and signal processing units 15 provided in association with each of the antenna elements 10. have.
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 includes an angle specifying unit 19 connected to each of the plurality of signal processing units 15.
- the plurality of antenna elements 10 receive radio waves (OFDM communication signals) transmitted from the vehicle-mounted device A1 at each installed location.
- the high frequency amplifier 11 amplifies the received signal (OFDM communication signal) received by the antenna element 10.
- the mixer 12 mixes the received signal amplified through the high-frequency amplifier 11 with an output signal from a local transmitter (not shown), and converts the received signal to an intermediate frequency.
- the variable amplifier 13 adjusts the received signal converted to the intermediate frequency by the mixer 12 to a predetermined amplitude and outputs the signal.
- the amplitude adjustment using the variable amplifier 13 will be described later.
- the A / D converter 14 samples the received signal (analog signal) adjusted to a predetermined amplitude by the variable amplifier 13 and converts it into a digital signal.
- the signal processing unit 15 is a digital signal processing circuit realized by, for example, an FPGA (field-programmable gate array).
- the signal processing unit 15 extracts a specific subcarrier defined in advance from a reception signal (digital signal input through the A / D converter 14) received by each of the plurality of antenna elements 10.
- the signal processing unit 15 extracts pilot carriers as “specific subcarriers”.
- the signal processing unit 15 outputs a signal indicating the phase of the extracted pilot carrier (pilot carrier phase signal) to the angle specifying unit 19.
- the angle specifying unit 19 specifies the phase difference of the received signals received by each antenna element 10 based on the pilot carrier phase signals output from the plurality of signal processing units 15. And the angle specific
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the signal processing unit according to the first embodiment. Next, the function of the signal processing unit 15 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
- the signal processing unit 15 includes an RSSI detection unit 150, a harmonic elimination filter 151, an automatic amplitude control unit (AGC) 152, mixers 153a and 153b, and a local oscillator 154. And low-pass filters 155a and 155b, automatic frequency control units (AFC) 156a and 156b, pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b, and a phase signal output unit 158.
- RSSI detection unit 150 a harmonic elimination filter 151
- AGC automatic amplitude control unit
- AFC automatic frequency control units
- the RSSI detection unit 150 determines whether or not the intensity of the received signal, that is, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Strength) Indication is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- RSSI Receiveived Signal Strength Strength
- the RSSI detector 150 detects the intensity of the received signal converted to the intermediate frequency by the mixer 12 (see FIG. 2).
- the harmonic elimination filter 151 is a so-called low-pass filter and removes harmonic noise from the received signal.
- the automatic amplitude controller 152 receives the received signal after removing the harmonic noise, and acquires the signal strength (amplitude) of the received signal. Then, the automatic amplitude control unit 152 outputs a variable amplifier control signal corresponding to the acquired signal strength to the variable amplifier 13 (FIG. 2). The automatic amplitude controller 152 feedback-controls the variable amplifier 13 so that the signal strength of the received signal becomes constant at a predetermined signal strength target value.
- the mixers 153a and 153b, the local oscillator 154, and the low-pass filters 155a and 155b perform processing for extracting the I component and the Q component from the received signal. Specifically, the mixers 153a and 153b multiply the reception signal input via the harmonic elimination filter 151 by the reproduction signal from the local oscillator 154. Here, the mixer 153a multiplies the reproduction signal having the same phase as the reception signal to extract the I component of the reception signal. Further, the mixer 153b multiplies a reproduction signal whose phase is 90 ° different from that of the reception signal, thereby extracting the Q component of the reception signal.
- the automatic frequency controllers 156a and 156b automatically adjust the frequency of the received signal (I component, Q component).
- the center frequency of a certain channel is defined as, for example, 5900 MHz, but in practice, an error of about 20 ppm is allowed in accordance with the standard.
- the center frequency of the radio wave (channel) transmitted from the vehicle-mounted device A1 has an error of about ⁇ 118 kHz (20 ppm of 5900 MHz) at the maximum. Therefore, the automatic frequency control units 156a and 156b measure the actual center frequency of the received signal and detect a frequency error between the measured center frequency and the specified center frequency (5900 MHz).
- the automatic frequency controllers 156a and 156b adjust the frequency of the entire received signal by adding and subtracting so that the detected frequency error becomes zero. As a result, the frequency error that has occurred up to about 20 ppm is reduced for the entire received signal including all 52 subcarriers.
- the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b are digital band pass filters that pass only the frequency components of subcarriers that are defined in advance as pilot carriers in the received signal.
- the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b are preferably FIR (finite impulse response) filters that do not cause phase delay.
- the pilot carrier is defined in advance as, for example, the seventh (21st) subcarrier counted from the center frequency (5900 MHz) of the channel to the lower frequency side.
- the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b are adjusted so as to have a filter characteristic in which only one pilot carrier defined as described above passes and other subcarriers are removed.
- the phase signal output unit 158 inputs the I and Q signals of one pilot carrier extracted through the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b, and outputs a signal (pilot carrier phase signal) indicating the phase of the pilot carrier. To do.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow of the signal processing unit according to the first embodiment.
- 5 to 7 are first to third diagrams for explaining the processing of the signal processing unit according to the first embodiment, respectively.
- the processing flow of the signal processing unit 15 will be specifically described with reference to the processing flow shown in FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5 to 7.
- the RSSI detection unit 150 of the signal processing unit 15 detects reception of a radio wave (reception signal) transmitted from the vehicle-mounted device A1 based on the RSSI detection result (step S01).
- the automatic amplitude control unit 152 of the signal processing unit 15 controls the variable amplifier 13 (feedback control) so that the amplitude of the reception signal becomes a predetermined specified value. Perform (step S02).
- the received signal received from the vehicle-mounted device A1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates “frequency”, and the vertical axis indicates “signal strength” (amplitude).
- the received signal is a frequency-division multiplexed signal, and 52 subcarriers SC are included in one channel.
- 52 subcarriers SC are included in one channel.
- Four specific subcarriers SC defined in advance among the 52 are pilot carriers SCp. Since pilot carrier SCp is not used for data transmission, phase modulation by data is not performed.
- the subcarrier SC other than the pilot carrier SCp is the data carrier SCd. Since the data carrier SCd is used for data transmission, phase modulation by data is performed.
- the center frequency of the received signal (channel) is 5900 MHz, but as described above, an error of about 20 ppm is actually allowed. Therefore, the frequency of each of the 52 subcarriers SC has an error of about ⁇ 118 kHz at the maximum.
- the automatic frequency control units 156a and 156b of the signal processing unit 15 perform frequency adjustment processing on each of the I component and Q component of the received signal (step S03).
- the frequency adjustment processing the frequency error that has occurred at the maximum about 20 ppm ( ⁇ 118 kHz) in each subcarrier is reduced.
- the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b of the signal processing unit 15 accept the input of the received signal whose frequency has been adjusted, and extract only the frequency component of the pilot carrier (step S04).
- FIG. 6 shows the filter characteristics of the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b.
- FIG. 7 shows the state of the received signal after the filtering process (step S04) by the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b. As shown in FIG. 7, only the frequency components of a specific pilot carrier pass through the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b, and the frequency components of other subcarriers are removed.
- the phase signal output unit 158 of the signal processing unit 15 specifies the phase of the pilot carrier based on the I and Q components of the pilot carrier extracted by the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b (step S05).
- the signal processing unit 15 outputs a signal (pilot carrier phase signal) indicating the phase of the pilot carrier specified by the above processing flow.
- the angle specifying unit 19 shown in FIG. The angle specifying unit 19 calculates the arrival angle of the received signal based on the calculated pilot carrier phase difference.
- the arrival angle specifying apparatus 1 receives a reception signal (OFDM communication signal) having a plurality of subcarriers SC by a plurality of antenna elements 10 and arrives at the reception signal. Identify the angle.
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 extracts a specific subcarrier SC defined in advance from the received signal received by each of the plurality of antenna elements 10 and the specification extracted from each of the signal processing units 15. And an angle specifying unit 19 that specifies the arrival angle based on the phase difference of the subcarriers (pilot carrier SCp).
- the signal processing unit 15 includes automatic frequency control units 156a and 156b (frequency adjustment units) that adjust a deviation of the frequency of the reception signal received by the antenna element 10 from a specified value, and a band for the reception signal whose frequency is adjusted.
- Pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b filter units that extract specific subcarriers (pilot carriers SCp) by a pass filter (band pass filter) process.
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 in order to obtain the arrival angle of the OFDM radio wave, it is common to perform fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the received signal. That is, in order to extract one specific subcarrier from the frequency-multiplexed received signal, it is necessary to perform fast Fourier transform processing on the received signal.
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 has a configuration as described above, so that it is desired directly from a received signal having a plurality of subcarriers (without performing fast Fourier transform). Only subcarriers (pilot carriers) can be extracted. And the arrival angle of a radio wave can be specified based on the phase difference of the extracted subcarrier (pilot carrier).
- the arrival angle of the frequency division multiplexed radio wave can be specified by simple signal processing.
- a frequency error ( ⁇ 118 kHz) of 20 ppm at the maximum is recognized in the standard.
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 is characterized in that the frequency error is reduced by the automatic frequency control units 156a and 156b before the received signal is passed through the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b. .
- the 20 ppm frequency error in the received signal is also reduced, so that a desired subcarrier (pilot carrier) can be extracted with high accuracy through the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b.
- the signal processing unit 15 further includes an automatic amplitude control unit 152 (amplitude adjustment unit) that adjusts the amplitude of the reception signal received by the antenna element 10 to a predetermined magnitude.
- an automatic amplitude control unit 152 amplitude adjustment unit
- the signal processing unit 15 further includes an automatic amplitude control unit 152 (amplitude adjustment unit) that adjusts the amplitude of the reception signal received by the antenna element 10 to a predetermined magnitude.
- the “specific subcarrier” extracted by the signal processing unit 15 is a pilot carrier that is not subjected to phase modulation for data transmission.
- the pilot carrier is not subjected to phase modulation based on data to be transmitted. Therefore, it is possible to easily compare the phases of received signals (pilot carriers) received by each of the plurality of antenna elements 10 (FIG. 2). That is, when an arrival angle is to be specified using a data carrier that is phase-modulated based on data, it is necessary to compare the phase within a range that does not include a phase shift due to phase modulation in the data carrier. . However, if a pilot carrier is used, it is not necessary to consider a phase shift due to phase modulation when comparing phases.
- the signal processing unit 15 of the arrival angle identifying device 1 has been described as extracting only a single pilot carrier SCp (see FIG. 7) from the frequency division multiplexed received signal.
- the signal processing unit 15 of the arrival angle identifying apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment extracts all of a plurality (four) of pilot carriers from the frequency division multiplexed received signal.
- the overall configuration and functional configuration of the arrival angle specifying device 1 and the toll collection system 5 according to the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 3).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the processing of the signal processing unit according to the second embodiment.
- the signal processing unit 15 according to the second embodiment extracts all four pilot carriers SCp1 to SCp4.
- the signal processing unit 15 according to the present embodiment includes pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b having bandpass filter characteristics that pass each of the pilot carriers SCp1 to SCp4.
- Multipath fading that may occur in wireless communication between the vehicle-mounted device A1 and the arrival angle specifying device 1 will be described.
- Multipath fading means that the presence of obstacles on the ground causes the radio waves transmitted from the vehicle-mounted device A1 to travel on different paths and interferes with each other at the reception point (arrival angle specifying device 1), so that the received signal This is a phenomenon in which the signal strength is increased or decreased.
- the degree of signal strength is determined by the relationship between the frequency of radio waves and the path difference. That is, even if the same route is traced, the degree of influence of multipath fading is different when the frequency of radio waves is different. Since the four pilot carriers SCp1 to SCp4 have different frequencies, as shown in FIG. 8, the levels of signal strength due to multipath fading are also different.
- the signal processing unit 15 refers to the I and Q components of each of the four pilot carriers extracted through the pilot carrier extraction filters 157a and 157b, and calculates the signal strength of each pilot carrier SCp1 to SCp4. Then, the signal processing unit 15 selects the pilot carrier having the highest signal strength (in the example illustrated in FIG. 8, the pilot carrier SCp2). Further, the signal processing unit 15 specifies a phase from the I component and Q component of the selected pilot carrier SCp2, and outputs a pilot carrier phase signal indicating the phase to the angle specifying unit 19 (FIG. 2).
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 (signal processing unit 15) according to the second embodiment is characterized by extracting a plurality of pilot carriers having different frequencies. By doing in this way, even if multipath fading occurs, it is possible to select a subcarrier (pilot carrier) having a small influence among them and specify the arrival angle based on the selected subcarrier. Therefore, it becomes difficult to be affected by multipath fading, and the reliability of the function for specifying the arrival angle can be improved.
- specification apparatus 1 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment was demonstrated in detail
- specification apparatus 1 is not limited to the above-mentioned thing, and is in the range which does not deviate from a summary. It is possible to add various design changes and the like.
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 selects a pilot carrier having the highest signal strength among the four pilot carriers SCp1 to SCp4, and based on the phase difference of the selected pilot carrier, the arrival angle Was to be specified.
- other embodiments are not limited to this aspect.
- the arrival angle specifying device 1 (signal processing unit 15) according to the modification of the second embodiment exceeds a predetermined signal strength threshold Ith (see FIG. 8) among the four pilot carriers SCp1 to SCp4. It may be an aspect of selecting a pilot carrier. In the case of the example shown in FIG. 8, the signal processing unit 15 selects two pilot carriers SCp2 and SCp4.
- the signal processing unit 15 further outputs both the pilot carrier phase signal indicating the phase of the pilot carrier SCp2 and the pilot carrier phase signal indicating the phase of the pilot carrier SCp4 to the angle specifying unit 19. Then, the angle specifying unit 19 specifies the arrival angle based on the average value “( ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 4) / 2” between the phase difference ⁇ 2 of the pilot carrier SCp2 and the phase difference ⁇ 4 of the pilot carrier SCp4.
- arrival angle specifying apparatus 1 (signal processing unit 15) according to yet another modified example is configured so that all of pilot carriers SCp1 to SCp4 are all based on the I component and Q component of four pilot carriers SCp1 to SCp4.
- a pilot carrier phase signal indicating the phase may be output to the angle specifying unit 19.
- the angle specifying unit 19 may specify the arrival angle based on the average value “( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 3 + ⁇ 4) / 4” of the phase differences ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 of the pilot carriers SCp1 to SCp4.
- the arrival angle specifying apparatus 1 is based on the phase difference between “pilot carriers” (subcarriers that are not subjected to phase modulation) received by a plurality of antenna elements 10.
- the present invention is not limited to this aspect. That is, the arrival angle specifying apparatus 1 according to another embodiment may specify the arrival angle based on the phase difference of the “data carrier” as the “specific subcarrier”.
- the arrival angle identifying device 1 identifies the phase difference by comparing the points (phase change points) where the phase is switched by phase modulation among the received signals (data carriers) received by the plurality of antenna elements 10. May be.
- toll collection system toll collection system, communication control method and program
- erroneous communication can be suppressed with a simple configuration.
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Abstract
Description
このようにすることで、複数のサブキャリアを有してなる受信信号から直接的に(高速フーリエ変換を施すことなく)所望するサブキャリアのみを抽出することができる。そして、当該抽出したサブキャリアの位相差に基づいて電波の到来角度を特定することができる。
以上より、簡素な信号処理により、周波数分割多重化された電波の到来角度を特定できる。
このようにすることで、信号強度(振幅)が常に一定となるように自動調整されるので、アンプを通じた信号の歪みなどが低減され、サブキャリアを抽出する処理の安定化を図ることができる。
このようにすることで、複数のアンテナ素子の各々で受信した受信信号(パイロットキャリア)どうしの位相の対比を簡便に行うことができる。
このようにすることで、マルチパスフェージングの影響を受けにくくなり、到来角度を特定する機能の信頼性を向上させることができる。
以下、図1~図7を参照しながら、第1の実施形態に係る料金収受システム及び到来角度特定装置について詳細に説明する。
図1は、第1の実施形態に係る料金収受システムの全体構成を示す図である。
第1の実施形態に係る料金収受システム5は、例えば、高速道路の入口料金所、出口料金所(以下、料金所等と記載する。)に設置される電子式料金収受システムである。料金収受システム5は、料金所等を通過する車両と無線通信を行い、自動的に料金収受処理を行う。
到来角度特定装置1は、料金収受処理のための無線通信時において、車両Aに搭載された車載器A1が発信した電波の到来角度を特定するための装置である。
料金収受用アンテナ2は、車両Aに搭載された車載器A1との間で無線通信を行い、料金収受処理を行うための路側アンテナである。
WAVE方式では、例えば、ある1つのチャネルについて、中心周波数5900MHz、チャネル幅10MHzの周波数帯域が割り当てられる。そして、当該割り当てられた周波数帯域が、更に、サブキャリア幅0.15625MHzずつ、64本のサブキャリアに分割される。本実施形態においては、この64本のうちの12本はNullキャリア(中身無し)とされ、残りの52本のサブキャリアが利用される。
52本のサブキャリアのうち48本はデータキャリアと呼ばれ、データを伝送するために用いられる。すなわち、48本のデータキャリアは、伝送すべきデータに基づいて位相変調されて大気中を伝搬する。
また、52本のサブキャリアのうち4本はパイロットキャリアと呼ばれ、受信側(料金収受用アンテナ2)における復調処理(同期)を担保するために用いられる。パイロットキャリアは、データの伝送には用いられないため、位相変調されることはない。
なお、WAVE方式においては、52本のサブキャリアのうちいずれのサブキャリアをパイロットキャリア(或いはデータキャリア)として利用するかが予め規定されている。例えば、4本のパイロットキャリアは、それぞれ、中心周波数(5900MHz)から周波数の低い側に数えて7番目と21番目のサブキャリア、及び、周波数の高い側に数えて7番目と21番目のサブキャリア、などと予め規定されている。
図2は、第1の実施形態に係る到来角度特定装置の機能構成を示す図である。
図2を参照しながら、到来角度特定装置1の機能構成について説明する。
図2に示すように、複数のアンテナ素子10と、アンテナ素子10の各々に関連して設けられた複数の高周波アンプ11、ミキサ12、可変アンプ13、A/D変換器14及び信号処理部15を有している。また、到来角度特定装置1は、複数の信号処理部15の各々と接続された角度特定部19を有している。
更に、信号処理部15は、抽出したパイロットキャリアの位相を示す信号(パイロットキャリア位相信号)を角度特定部19に出力する。
図3は、第1の実施形態に係る信号処理部の機能構成を示す図である。
次に、図3を参照しながら、信号処理部15の機能についてより詳細に説明する。
ここで、あるチャネルの中心周波数は、例えば、5900MHzと規定されることを説明したが、規格上、実際には、20ppm程度の誤差が許容されている。そうすると、車載器A1が発信した電波(チャネル)の中心周波数は、最大で±118kHz程度(5900MHzの20ppm)の誤差を有していることが想定される。そこで、自動周波数制御部156a、156bは、受信信号の実際の中心周波数を計測するとともに、当該計測した中心周波数と規定中心周波数(5900MHz)との周波数誤差を検出する。そして、自動周波数制御部156a、156bは、検出した周波数誤差がゼロとなるように、受信信号全体の周波数を加減算して調整する。これにより、52本全てのサブキャリアを含む受信信号全体について、最大で20ppm程度生じていた周波数誤差が低減される。
上述したように、パイロットキャリアは、例えば、チャネルの中心周波数(5900MHz)から周波数の低い側に数えて7番目(21番目)のサブキャリア等として予め規定される。パイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157bは、上記のように規定された一のパイロットキャリアのみが通過し、それ以外のサブキャリアが除去されるフィルタ特性となるように調整されている。
図4は、第1の実施形態に係る信号処理部の処理フローを示す図である。
図5~図7は、それぞれ、第1の実施形態に係る信号処理部の処理を説明するための第1~第3の図である。
次に、図4に示す処理フロー及び図5~図7を参照しながら、信号処理部15の処理の流れについて具体的に説明する。
車載器A1からの電波の受信を検出すると、信号処理部15の自動振幅制御部152は、受信信号の振幅が予め規定された規定値となるように、可変アンプ13の制御(フィードバック制御)を行う(ステップS02)。
図5に示すように、受信信号は、周波数分割多重化された信号であって、一つのチャネルに52本のサブキャリアSCが含まれている。52本のうち予め規定された特定の4本のサブキャリアSCは、パイロットキャリアSCpである。パイロットキャリアSCpは、データ伝送用として用いられないため、データによる位相変調がなされない。また、52本のうちパイロットキャリアSCp以外のサブキャリアSCは、データキャリアSCdである。データキャリアSCdは、データ伝送用として用いられるため、データによる位相変調がなされる。
ここで、図6は、パイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157bのフィルタ特性を示している。図6に示すように、パイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157bは、中心周波数5900MHzから+1MHz離れたパイロットキャリア(通過帯域幅=0.15625MHz)のみを通過させるようなフィルタ特性となっている。
また、図7は、パイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157bによるフィルタリング処理(ステップS04)後の受信信号の状態を示している。図7に示すように、特定のパイロットキャリアの周波数成分のみがパイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157bを通過し、他のサブキャリアの周波数成分は除去されている。
以上の通り、第1の実施形態に係る到来角度特定装置1は、複数のサブキャリアSCを有する受信信号(OFDM方式の通信信号)を複数のアンテナ素子10で受信して、当該受信信号の到来角度を特定する。
到来角度特定装置1は、複数のアンテナ素子10の各々で受信した受信信号から、予め規定された特定のサブキャリアSCを抽出する信号処理部15と、信号処理部15の各々から抽出された特定のサブキャリア(パイロットキャリアSCp)の位相差に基づいて到来角度を特定する角度特定部19と、を備えている。
更に信号処理部15は、アンテナ素子10で受信した受信信号の周波数の、規定値からのずれを調整する自動周波数制御部156a、156b(周波数調整部)と、周波数が調整された受信信号に対する帯域通過フィルタ(バンドパスフィルタ)処理により、特定のサブキャリア(パイロットキャリアSCp)を抽出するパイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157b(フィルタ部)と、を有している。
しかし、本実施形態に係る到来角度特定装置1は、上記のような構成を有することで、複数のサブキャリアを有してなる受信信号から直接的に(高速フーリエ変換を施すことなく)所望するサブキャリア(パイロットキャリア)のみを抽出することができる。そして、当該抽出したサブキャリア(パイロットキャリア)の位相差に基づいて電波の到来角度を特定することができる。
以上より、第1の実施形態に係る到来角度特定装置1によれば、簡素な信号処理により、周波数分割多重化された電波の到来角度を特定できる。
そこで、第1の実施形態に係る到来角度特定装置1は、受信信号をパイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157bに通過させる前に、自動周波数制御部156a、156bによって周波数誤差を低減することを特徴としている。
このようにすることで、受信信号における20ppmの周波数誤差も低減されるので、パイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157bを通じて所望するサブキャリア(パイロットキャリア)を精度良く抽出することができる。
このようにすることで、信号強度(振幅)が常に一定となるように自動調整されるので、アンプによる信号の歪みなどが低減され、サブキャリアを抽出する処理の安定化を図ることができる。
上述した通り、パイロットキャリアは伝送すべきデータに基づく位相変調がなされない。したがって、複数のアンテナ素子10(図2)の各々で受信した受信信号(パイロットキャリア)どうしの位相の対比を簡便に行うことができる。
つまり、データに基づいて位相変調がなされるデータキャリアを用いて到来角度を特定しようとする場合には、データキャリアのうち位相変調による位相のずれを含まない範囲内で位相を対比する必要がある。しかし、パイロットキャリアを用いることにすれば、位相の対比に際し、位相変調による位相のずれを考慮する必要がない。
次に、図8を参照しながら、第2の実施形態に係る料金収受システム及び到来角度特定装置について詳細に説明する。
第2の実施形態に係る到来角度特定装置1の信号処理部15は、周波数分割多重化された受信信号から複数(4本)のパイロットキャリア全てを抽出する。
なお、第2の実施形態に係る到来角度特定装置1及び料金収受システム5の全体構成、機能構成については第1の実施形態(図1~図3)と同様である。
図8は、第2の実施形態に係る信号処理部の処理を説明するための図である。
図8に示すように、第2の実施形態に係る信号処理部15は、4本のパイロットキャリアSCp1~SCp4の全てを抽出する。
具体的には、本実施形態に係る信号処理部15は、パイロットキャリアSCp1~SCp4の各々を通過させるバンドパスフィルタ特性を有するパイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ157a、157bを備えている。
4本のパイロットキャリアSCp1~SCp4はそれぞれ周波数が異なるため、図8に示すように、マルチパスフェージングによる信号強度の強弱の度合いもそれぞれ異なっている。
このようにすることで、マルチパスフェージングが生じたとしても、その中でも影響が小さいサブキャリア(パイロットキャリア)を選択し、当該選択したサブキャリアに基づいて到来角度を特定することができる。したがって、マルチパスフェージングの影響を受けにくくなり、到来角度を特定する機能の信頼性を向上させることができる。
即ち、他の実施形態に係る到来角度特定装置1は、「特定のサブキャリア」として、「データキャリア」の位相差に基づいて到来角度を特定してもよい。この場合、到来角度特定装置1は、複数のアンテナ素子10で受信した受信信号(データキャリア)のうち、位相変調により位相が切り替わった点(位相変化点)どうしを対比することで位相差を特定してもよい。
10 アンテナ素子
11 高周波アンプ
12 ミキサ
13 可変アンプ
14 A/D変換器
15 信号処理部
150 RSSI検出部
151 高調波削除フィルタ
152 自動振幅制御部(振幅調整部)
153a、153b ミキサ
154 局部発信器
155a、155b ローパスフィルタ
156a、156b 自動周波数制御部(周波数調整部)
157a、157b パイロットキャリア抽出フィルタ(フィルタ部)
158 位相信号出力部
19 角度特定部
2 料金収受用アンテナ
5 料金収受システム
Claims (6)
- 複数のサブキャリアを有する受信信号を複数のアンテナ素子で受信して、当該受信信号の到来角度を特定する到来角度特定装置であって、
前記複数のアンテナ素子の各々で受信した前記受信信号から、予め規定された特定のサブキャリアを抽出する信号処理部と、
前記信号処理部の各々から抽出された前記特定のサブキャリアの位相差に基づいて前記到来角度を特定する角度特定部と、を備え、
前記信号処理部は、
前記アンテナ素子で受信した前記受信信号の周波数の、規定値からのずれを調整する周波数調整部と、
周波数が調整された前記受信信号に対する帯域通過フィルタ処理により、前記特定のサブキャリアを抽出するフィルタ部と、
を有する到来角度特定装置。 - 前記信号処理部は、
前記アンテナ素子で受信した前記受信信号の振幅を所定の大きさに調整する振幅調整部を更に有する
請求項1に記載の到来角度特定装置。 - 前記特定のサブキャリアは、データ伝送のための位相変調がなされないパイロットキャリアである
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の到来角度特定装置。 - 前記信号処理部は、
周波数が互いに異なる複数のパイロットキャリアを抽出する
請求項3に記載の到来角度特定装置。 - 請求項1から請求項4の何れか一項に記載の到来角度特定装置を備える
料金収受システム。 - 複数のサブキャリアを有する受信信号を複数のアンテナ素子で受信して、当該受信信号の到来角度を特定する到来角度特定方法であって、
前記複数のアンテナ素子の各々で受信した前記受信信号から、予め規定された特定のサブキャリアを抽出する信号処理ステップと、
前記信号処理ステップの各々で抽出された前記特定のサブキャリアの位相差に基づいて前記到来角度を特定する角度特定ステップと、を有し、
前記信号処理ステップは、
前記アンテナ素子で受信した前記受信信号の周波数の、規定値からのずれを調整する周波数調整ステップと、
周波数が調整された前記受信信号に対する帯域通過フィルタ処理により、前記特定のサブキャリアを抽出するフィルタリングステップと、
を含む到来角度特定方法。
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MY205310A (en) | 2024-10-11 |
KR102266016B1 (ko) | 2021-06-16 |
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