WO2018156547A1 - Devices comprising integrated backlight unit and display panel - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein are integrated devices comprising a backlight assembly and a display assembly. The backlight assembly includes a light guide plate and a patterned optical component comprising at least one optically transmissive region and the display assembly comprises at least one optically transmissive aperture. The optically transmissive region and optically transmissive aperture are at least partially aligned.

Description

DEVICES COMPRISING INTEGRATED BACKLIGHT UNIT AND DISPLAY PANEL

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62/461,339 filed on February 21, 2017, the contents of which are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth below.

BACKGROUND

[0002] The disclosure relates generally to devices comprising an integrated backlight unit and display panel, and more particularly to thin integrated display devices.

[0003] Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are commonly used in various electronics, such as cell phones, laptops, electronic tablets, televisions, and computer monitors. However, LCDs can be limited as compared to other display devices in terms of brightness, contrast ratio, efficiency, and viewing angle. For instance, to compete with other display technologies, there is a continuing demand for higher contrast ratio, color gamut, and brightness in conventional LCDs while also balancing power requirements and device size (e.g., thickness).

[0004] LCDs typically comprise a backlight unit (BLU) and a display panel. The BLU may comprise several optical components, such as a light guide plate (LGP), one or more diffusing films, and one or more collimating films. Each of the diffusing and collimating films requires an air gap between adjacent layers to function properly. The additional components air gaps increase the thickness of the overall LCD display and may also prevent effective integration of the BLU and display panel. Attempts to integrate the BLU and display panel have included bonding the optical components of the BLU and display panel along the edges only. However, these methods result in a bonding strength that is unfavorably weak. Additionally, warpage may occur within the device if the optical films expand or shrink differently at varying operating temperatures. "Sheetless" BLUs, e.g., BLUs without a collimating film, have also been contemplated; however, such BLUs suffer from poor luminance uniformity and/or still require an air gap that prevents full integration with the display panel. [0005] Accordingly, it would be advantageous to provide display devices comprising a BLU that is integrated with the display panel, e.g., without an air gap between these two components. It would also be advantageous to provide a BLU comprising as few optical films as possible, thus reducing the overall thickness of the BLU. It would be further advantageous to provide a display having a reduced number of components, a reduced overall thickness and/or weight, a reduced overall cost, and/or an improved mechanical strength.

SUMMARY

[0006] The disclosure relates, in various embodiments, to integrated devices comprising a backlight assembly and a display assembly. The backlight assembly comprises a light guide plate having a light emitting first major surface and an opposing second major surface, and a patterned optical component optically coupled to the first major surface of the light guide plate, the optical component comprising at least one optically reflective region and at least one optically transmissive region. The display assembly comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light modulation layer disposed therebetween, and at least one optically transmissive aperture, wherein the at least one optically transmissive aperture is at least partially aligned with the at least one optically transmissive region of the patterned optical component.

[0007] According to various embodiments, the integrated device may comprise at least one polarizer, such as an absorbing or reflecting polarizer. The light modulation layer may, in certain embodiments, comprise a liquid crystal layer. The first and second substrates of the display assembly may have different thicknesses, for example, the first substrate can be thicker than the second substrate. In non-limiting embodiments, the patterned optical component may be bonded to or deposited on the first major surface of the LGP. The patterned optical component may comprise a stack of dielectric layers having alternating higher and lower indices of refraction and may also optionally comprise a metallic layer. The LGP may comprise at least one light extraction feature, at least one micro structure, or both. Exemplary light extraction features include a layer of diffusive particles or a plurality of discrete prismatic elements.

[0008] The backlight assembly and display assembly may be bonded together, e.g., by at least one intervening layer. The intervening layer may comprise an adhesive layer, a polarizer, a color conversion layer, or combinations thereof. In various embodiments, a collimating film and/or diffusive film is not present between the display assembly and the backlight assembly. According to additional embodiments, an air gap is not present between the display assembly and the backlight assembly.

[0009] The integrated device may, in certain embodiments, further comprise at least one light source optically coupled to the LGP, which can emit blue or white light. The integrated device may also comprise at least one of a color filter layer, a color conversion layer, or a TFT array. Exemplary integrated devices can include display, lighting, or electronic devices.

[0010] Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the methods as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

[0011] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description present various embodiments of the disclosure, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The following detailed description can be further understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, which are not drawn to scale, and in which:

[0013] FIGS. 1A-D illustrate exemplary configurations of integrated devices according to various embodiments of the disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary optically reflective component according to certain embodiments of the disclosure; and

[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a display assembly comprising a color filter layer according to additional embodiments of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Disclosed herein are integrated devices comprising a backlight assembly and a display assembly. The backlight assembly comprises a light guide plate having a light emitting first major surface and an opposing second major surface, and a patterned optical component optically coupled to the first major surface of the light guide plate, the optical component comprising at least one optically reflective region and at least one optically transmissive region. The display assembly comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light modulation layer disposed therebetween, and at least one optically transmissive aperture, wherein the at least one optically transmissive aperture is at least partially aligned with the at least one optically transmissive region of the patterned optical component. The integrated devices described herein may include display, lighting, and electronic devices, e.g., televisions, computers, phones, tablets, and other display panels, luminaires, solid-state lighting, billboards, and other architectural elements, to name a few.

[0017] Various embodiments of the disclosure will now be discussed with reference to FIGS. 1-3, which illustrate exemplary integrated devices and components thereof. The following general description is intended to provide an overview of the claimed devices, and various aspects will be more specifically discussed throughout the disclosure with reference to the non-limiting depicted embodiments, these embodiments being interchangeable with one another within the context of the disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 1A illustrates an integrated device 100 comprising a backlight assembly 100A and a display assembly 100B. The backlight assembly 100A can comprise a light guide plate 110 including a light emitting first major surface 115, a light incident edge surface 120, and a second major surface 125 opposite the first major surface 115. As used herein, a "light emitting" major surface is intended to denote a surface facing a user or viewer, e.g., a front facing" surface, whereas an opposing major surface faces away from the user, e.g., a "rear facing" surface.

[0019] In some embodiments, at least one light source 130 may be optically coupled to the light incident edge surface 120, e.g., positioned adjacent to the edge surface 120 of the LGP 110 to provide an edge-lit configuration. Additional light sources (not illustrated) may also be optically coupled to other edge surfaces of the LGP 110, such as adjacent or opposing edge surfaces. In further embodiments, one or more light sources may be optically coupled to the second major surface 125 of the LGP 110 to provide a direct-lit configuration. The LGP 110 may also, in some embodiments, comprise one or more recesses or holes in which one or more light sources may be placed, e.g., as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.

62/452,470, filed on January 31, 2017, and entitled "BACKLIGHT UNIT WITH 2D LOCAL DIMMING," which is incorporated herein in its entirety. The light source 130 may, in various embodiments, emit blue, UV, or near-UV light (-100-500 nm), or the light source 130 may emit white light, e.g., light having a combination of visible wavelengths (-420-750 nm).

[0020] A patterned optical component 135 may be optically coupled to the first major surface 115 of the LGP 110. The patterned optical component 135 can comprise at least one optically reflective region 135a configured to reflect light received from the LGP 110 and at least one optically transmissive region 135b configured to transmit light received from the LGP 110. In some embodiments, the patterned optical component 135 may be bonded to, deposited on, or otherwise attached to the first major surface 115. As used herein, the term "patterned" is intended to denote that the optical component is present on the first major surface in any given pattern or design, which may, for example, be random or arranged, repetitive or non-repetitive, uniform or non-uniform. The pattern may define regions of reflectivity and regions of transmissivity, e.g., a reflective material may be present in some regions and absent in others, as appropriate to form optically transmissive regions 135b in the desired locations, e.g., at least partially in alignment with the optically transmissive apertures 165b of the display panel 100B. While FIGS. 1A-D illustrate optically reflective regions 165a and optically transmissive regions 165b in a regular, alternating pattern that is evenly spaced apart, these regions may be arranged in any desired order and may have any size and/or spacing.

[0021] As used herein, the term "optically coupled" is intended to denote that a component is positioned relative to the LGP such that light can travel from the component to the LGP, or vice versa. For instance, a light source can be positioned at or near a surface of the LGP so as to introduce light into the LGP, whereas an optical component can be positioned at or near a surface of the LGP so as to receive light from and/or transmit light to the LGP. A light source or optical component may be optically coupled to the LGP even though it is not in direct physical contact with the LGP.

[0022] The optically reflective region 135a of the patterned optical component 135 may, in various embodiments, have an optical reflectance of greater than about 85%, such as greater than about 90%, greater than about 95%, greater than about 98%, or greater than about 99%, e.g., ranging from about 85% to about 99% reflectance, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, e.g., when the LGP 110 is optically coupled to a light source emitting blue light, the optically reflective region 135a may be configured to have a high reflectance for blue light. As used herein, the terms "light reflective," "optically reflective," and variations thereof are intended to denote that a region or component reflects at least 85% of light incident thereon, such as light having visible wavelengths (~420-750nm).

[0023] The optically transmissive region 135b of the patterned optical component 135 may have an optical transmittance of greater than about 80%, such as greater than about 85%), greater than about 90%, or greater than about 95%, e.g., ranging from about 80% to about 95%), including all ranges and subranges therebetween. As used herein, the terms "light transmissive," "optically transmissive," and variations thereof is intended to denote that a region, aperture, or component transmits at least 80%> of light incident thereon, such as light having visible wavelengths (~420-750nm). An optically transmissive region or aperture may thus have an optical absorbance and/or optical reflectance of less than about 20%, in some embodiments.

[0024] The optically reflective region 135a of the patterned optical component 135 can comprise any reflective material known in the art for use in a display device. For instance, the reflective material may be a specular reflector, such as Vikuiti™ ESR, sold by 3M.

Additional materials may include metal films or foils, such as gold, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, titanium, aluminum, alloys thereof, and the like. In alternative embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the reflective region 135a can comprise a stack of alternating low index material L and high index material H. The materials L and H may comprise dielectric materials. Such a stack may also comprise a metallic layer M to enhance the reflectance of region 135a. Of course, the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 is exemplary only and is not intended to be limiting on the appended claims. For example, more or fewer layers L and H may be included, in any order, and the optional metallic layer M may not be present, if desired.

[0025] An exemplary direction of light emission from light source 130 is depicted in FIGS. 1A-D by dashed lines. Light injected into the LGP may propagate along a length of the LGP due to total internal reflection (TIR), until it strikes an interface at an angle of incidence that is less than the critical angle. Total internal reflection (TIR) is the phenomenon by which light propagating in a first material (e.g., glass, plastic, etc.) comprising a first refractive index can be totally reflected at the interface with a second material (e.g., air, etc.) comprising a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index. TIR can be explained using Snell's law:

η_λ sin(^ ) = n₂ sin(^)

which describes the refraction of light at an interface between two materials of differing indices of refraction. In accordance with Snell's law, n_} is the refractive index of a first material, n₂ is the refractive index of a second material, 0i is the angle of the light incident at the interface relative to a normal to the interface (incident angle), and 0_r is the angle of refraction of the refracted light relative to the normal. When the angle of refraction (0_r) is 90°, e.g., sin(0_r) = 1, Snell's law can be expressed as:

^ ₌ ^ _{= sin}-₁₍Z¾₎

The incident angle 0i under these conditions may also be referred to as the critical angle 0_C. Light having an incident angle greater than the critical angle (0i > 0_C) will be totally internally reflected within the first material, whereas light with an incident angle equal to or less than the critical angle (0i < 0_C) will, for the most part, be transmitted by the first material.

[0026] In the case of an exemplary interface between air («/=l) and glass («2=1.5), the critical angle (0_C) can be calculated as 42°. Thus, if light propagating in the glass strikes the air-glass interface at an incident angle greater than 42°, all the incident light will be reflected from the interface at an angle equal to the incident angle. If the reflected light encounters a second interface comprising an identical refractive index relationship as the first interface, the light incident on the second interface will again be reflected at a reflection angle equal to the incident angle.

[0027] At least one light extraction feature 140 may be formed on the second major surface 125 of the LGP 110 or within the matrix of the LGP 110, e.g., under the second major surface 125. For instance, the second major surface 125 of the LGP 110 may be patterned with a plurality of light extraction features 140. The light extraction features 140 may be distributed on a surface as textural features making up a roughened or raised surface, or may be distributed within and throughout the LGP 110, or portions thereof, e.g., as laser-damaged features. A light extraction feature 140 may, in some embodiments, comprise a light diffusing particle or a layer of light diffusing particles, such as a diffuse white paint. When a near Lambertian distribution is produced, it may be possible to produce an integrated display without employing a collimating film such as a BEF.

[0028] In other embodiments, a light extraction feature 140 can comprise a discrete prismatic element or a plurality of such elements that redirect light in a direction substantially normal to the first major surface 115 of the LGP 110. The light extraction features 140 may have any cross-sectional profile that can redirect light inside the LGP primarily toward the normal direction. In various embodiments, this may enable the production of an integrated display without collimating films such as BEFs. One non-limiting example of such a cross- sectional profile is a concave prism with two base angles, which may be identical or different, and an apex angle (also referred to as an included angle). In certain embodiments, the base angles may both be equal to about 50° and the apex angle may be equal to about 80°. According to additional embodiments, the base angles may range from about 48° to about 52°, such as from about 49° to about 51°, and the apex angle may range from about 76° to about 83°, such as from about 77° to about 82°, from about 78° to about 81°, or from about 79° to about 80°, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. In various embodiments, the concave prism can be asymmetrical, i.e., the two base angles may have different values. A concave prism can be formed within the matrix of the LGP, e.g., extending inward from the second surface, or can be formed on or inside a coating, layer, or film applied to the second major surface of the LGP.

[0029] The light extraction features 140 can comprise at least one dimension (e.g., width, height, length, etc.) that is less than about 100 microns (μπι), such as less than about 75 μπι, less than about 50 μπι, less than about 25 μπι, less than about 10 μπι, or even less, including all ranges and subranges therebetween, e.g., ranging from about 1 μπι to about 100 μπι.

According to various embodiments, the extraction features 140 may be patterned in a suitable density so as to produce substantially uniform light output intensity across the light emitting surface 115 of the LGP 110. In certain embodiments, a density of the light extraction features 140 proximate the light source 130 may be lower than a density of the light extraction features 140 at a point further removed from the light source 130 (as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-D), or vice versa, such as a gradient from one end to another, as appropriate to create the desired light output distribution across the LGP 110. [0030] Suitable methods for creating such light extraction features can include printing, such as inkjet printing, screen printing, microprinting, and the like, texturing, mechanical roughening, etching, injection molding, coating, laser damaging, or any combination thereof. Light extraction features 140 may, for example, be formed using the methods disclosed in co-pending and co-owned International Patent Application Nos. PCT/US2013/063622 and PCT/US2014/070771, each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Non-limiting examples of suitable methods can also include, for instance, acid etching a surface, coating a surface with Ti0₂, and laser damaging the substrate or layer by focusing a laser on a surface or within the matrix.

[0031] Exemplary lasers include, but are not limited to, Nd: YAG lasers, C0₂ lasers, and the like. The operating parameters of the laser, such as laser power, pulse duration, pulse energy, and other variables may vary depending on the desired light extraction feature profile. In some embodiments, the pulse duration may range from about 1 to about 1000 microseconds (μβ), such as from about 5 to about 500 μβ, from about 10 to about 200 μβ, from about 20 μβ to about 100 μβ, or from about 30 μβ to about 50 μβ, including all ranges and subranges

therebetween. The laser power may also range from about 1 to about 100 Watts (W), such as from about 5 to about 50 W, or from about 10 to about 35 W, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. The laser energy may range, for example, from about 0.01 to about 100 millijoules (mJ), such as from about 0.1 to about 10 mJ, from about 0.5 to about 5 mJ, or from about 1 mJ to about 2 mJ, including all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0032] The second major surface 125 of the LGP 110 may also comprise at least one microstructure or a plurality of micro structures (not illustrated). As used herein, the term

"microstructures," "micro structured," and variations thereof is intended to refer to surface relief features of the LGP extending in a given direction (e.g., parallel or orthogonal to a direction of light propagation) and having at least one dimension (e.g., height, width, etc.) that is less than about 500 μπι, such as less than about 400 μπι, less than about 300 μπι, less than about 200 μπι, less than about 100 μπι, less than about 50 μπι, or even less, e.g., ranging from about 10 μπι to about 500 μπι, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. The microstructures may, in certain embodiments, have regular or irregular shapes, which can be identical or different within a given array. [0033] Light from the light source 130 may spread quickly within the LGP 110, which can make it challenging to effect local dimming, particularly when the light source 130 is positioned along an edge surface of the LGP. However, by providing one or more

microstructures that are elongated in the direction of light propagation it may be possible to limit the spreading of the light such that each light source effectively illuminates only a narrow strip of the LGP. The illuminated strip may extend, for example, from the point of origin at the light incident edge surface 120 to a similar endpoint on an opposing edge surface. As such, using various micro structure configurations, it may be possible to collimate the light and effect ID local dimming of at least a portion of the LGP 110 in a relatively efficient manner.

[0034] In certain embodiments, the LGP can be configured such that it is possible to achieve 2D local dimming. For instance, one or more additional light sources can be optically coupled to an adjacent (e.g., orthogonal) edge surface. One plurality of microstructures can extend in a light propagation direction, and another plurality of microstructures can extend in a direction orthogonal to the light propagation direction. Thus, 2D local dimming may be achieved by selectively shutting off one or more of the light sources along each edge surface.

[0035] Combinations of microstructure shapes and/or sizes may be used, and such combinations may be arranged in a regular (periodic) or irregular (non-periodic) fashion.

Exemplary microstructure shapes include prisms, rounded prisms, and lenticular lenses. Of course, these shapes are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the appended claims.

Other microstructure shapes are possible and intended to fall within the scope of the disclosure. The size and/or shape of the microstructures can also vary depending on the desired light output and/or optical functionality of the LGP 110. Combinations of microstructures and light extraction features can also be used.

[0036] Different microstructure shapes may result in different local dimming efficiencies, also referred to as the local dimming index (LDI). The local dimming index may be determined, for example, using the methods set forth in Jung et al, "Local dimming design and optimization for edge-type LED backlight unit," SID Symp. Dig. Tech. Papers, 42(1), pp. 1430- 1432 (June 2011). By way of non-limiting example, a periodic array of prism microstructures may result in an LDI value up to about 70%, whereas a periodic array of lenticular lenses may result in an LDI value up to about 83%. Of course, the microstructure size and/or shape and/or spacing may be varied to achieve different LDI values. Different microstructure shapes may also provide additional optical functionalities. For instance, a prism array having a 90° prism angle may not only result in more efficient local dimming, but may also partially focus the light in a direction perpendicular to the prismatic ridges due to recycling and redirecting of the light rays.

[0037] The display assembly 100B can comprise a first substrate 170, a second substrate 155, and a light modulation layer 160 disposed therebetween. In some embodiments, the light modulation layer 160 may be switchable, e.g., in response to one or more electric signals, to allow light to pass through in selected regions, these regions corresponding to pixels of the display. By way of non-limiting example, the light modulation layer 160 may comprise a liquid crystal layer, which can include any type of liquid crystal material arranged in any configuration known in the art. Exemplary configurations include TN (twisted nematic) mode, VA (vertically aligned) mode, IPS (in plane switching) mode, BP (blue phase) mode, FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, and ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch) mode, to name a few.

[0038] The display assembly 100B can also comprise at least one optically transmissive aperture 165b, which may be at least partially aligned with the at least one optically transmissive region 135b of the patterned optical component 135. The at least one aperture 165b may be defined, for example, by components 165a disposed on the first substrate 170 (as illustrated) or on the second substrate 155 (not illustrated), such as thin film transistors (TFTs), electrodes, sensors, or any other non-transmisssive component patterned on the substrates. For instance, a TFT array may be patterned on the first substrate 170 or second substrate 155, thus defining apertures 165b between the TFT components 165a through which light can pass. The individual components of the TFT array, such as sensors or electrodes, may also be separately patterned on the first and second substrates 170, 155, and these components 165a together may define apertures 165b. While light incident upon apertures 165b may be transmitted by the display assembly 100B, light incident upon the surrounding components 165a may either be absorbed or reflected.

[0039] As shown in FIGS. 1A-D the at least one optically transmissive aperture 165b may be at least partially aligned with the at least optically transmissive region 135b. In some embodiments, the aperture(s) 165b may be positioned in overlying registration with region(s) 135b. While FIGS. 1A-D illustrate a complete alignment, it is to be understood that the optically transmissive apertures 165b and regions 135b need not be perfectly aligned. For example, these elements may be substantially aligned, e.g., at least 90% overlap, or partially aligned, e.g., at least 50% overlap, or any other variation therebetween capable of providing the desired light output (such as 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100% overlap). In certain embodiments, the aperture(s) 165b and region(s) 135b are at least partially aligned (e.g., 50-100%) overlap) or are at least substantially aligned (e.g., 90-100%) overlap).

[0040] The display assembly 100B may also comprise at least one polarizer. For instance, as depicted in FIG. 1A, a first absorbing polarizer 185 may be positioned adjacent a light emitting major surface 175 of the first substrate 170. A second absorbing polarizer 150 may be positioned adjacent the second substrate 155, e.g., between the second substrate 155 and the LGP 110 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. Alternatively, as depicted in FIGS. 1B-C, a reflecting polarizer 150' may be positioned adjacent the second substrate 155, e.g., between the second substrate 155 and the LGP 110. In further embodiments, as depicted in FIG. ID, a reflecting polarizer 150' can be positioned between the second substrate 155 and the light modulation layer 160. In certain embodiments, the first absorbing polarizer 185 may be bonded or otherwise attached to the first substrate 170 and the second absorbing polarizer 150 or reflecting polarizer 150' may be bonded or otherwise attached to the second substrate 155.

[0041] Reflecting polarizers may reflect light oriented at undesired polarizations back towards the backlight assembly for recycling through the LGP. Exemplary reflecting polarizers include, for example, wire grid polarizers and prismatic films, such as a dual brightness enhancing film (DBEF), commercially available from 3M. Absorbing polarizers may absorb light oriented at undesired polarizations and may transmit the remaining light. Nitto Polarizing Film (NPF), available from Nitto Denko, is a non-limiting example of an absorbing polarizer.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 3, the display assembly 100B may comprise a color filter layer 198. For instance, the color filter layer 198 may be positioned between the light modulation layer 160 and the first substrate 170 (as illustrated). The color filter layer 198 may also be positioned between the second substrate 155 and the light modulation layer 160 (not illustrated). According to various embodiments, the color filter layer 198 or portions thereof may be deposited, bonded, or otherwise attached to the first substrate 170 or second substrate 155, or both.

[0043] In certain embodiments, the color filter layer 198 may comprise an array of color filters disposed in regions corresponding to apertures 165b, e.g., between components 165a, either on the first substrate 170, on the second substrate 155, or both. As such, light transmitted through apertures 165b may be filtered to produce the desired light output. For instance, in the case of a light source (not illustrated) emitting white light W, a red color filter component 198r can absorb green and blue light and transmit only red light R, whereas a green color filter component 198g can absorb red and blue light and transmit only green light G, and a blue color filter component 198b can absorb red and green light and transmit only blue light B. A color filter layer 198 can also be used with a light source emitting blue light. For instance, a color conversion layer 195 (see FIG. 1C) can be included in the device to convert the blue light to different wavelengths, which can then be filtered by color filter layer 198.

[0044] In alternative embodiments (not illustrated), the color filter layer 198 can be replaced with a color conversion layer, e.g., portions of a color conversion layer may be positioned in regions corresponding to apertures 165b. A color conversion layer may be utilized, for instance, in the case of a light source emitting blue light. In certain embodiments, a color conversion layer may comprise red and green quantum dots (QDs). Light transmitted through the apertures may thus be converted to the desired wavelength (e.g., red or green) or may pass through unconverted, e.g., in regions where no QDs are present.

[0045] Referring to FIGS. 1A-D, the integrated device 100 can, in some

embodiments, comprise additional components, such as one or more adhesive layers 145, which can be used to bond or otherwise attach various components within the backlight assembly 100 A and/or display assembly 100B. The adhesive layer 145, if present, may include any adhesive known in the art, e.g., optically clear adhesives (OCAs), such as those sold by 3M, and ionomer polymers, such as those sold by DuPont. Exemplary thicknesses for the adhesive layer can include, for example, a thickness ranging from about 5 μπι to about 500 μπι, from about 10 μπι to about 400 μπι, from about 25 μπι to about 300 μπι, from about 50 μπι to about 250 μπι, or from about 100 μπι to about 200 μπι, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. [0046] The integrated device 100 may also comprise a reflector 190 positioned adjacent to the second major surface 125 of the LGP 110. The reflector 190 may function to recycle light back to the backlight assembly 100A. Exemplary materials include metallic substrates or foils, as well as non-metallic substrates coated with a metallic film or reflective ink.

[0047] As used herein, the term "positioned adjacent" and variations thereof is intended to denote that a component or layer is located on or near a particular surface of a listed component, but not necessarily in direct physical contact with that surface. For instance, the reflector 190 is depicted in FIGS. 1A-D as positioned adjacent the second major surface 125 of the LGP 110, with an air gap present between these two components. The first absorbing polarizer 185 is depicted in FIGS. 1A-D in direct physical contact with the first substrate 170, but may also be "positioned adjacent" the first substrate 170, e.g., with other layers or films (such as an adhesive layer) present between these two components. As such, a component A "positioned adjacent" a surface of component B may or may not be in direct physical contact with component B. In some embodiments, a component positioned adjacent a surface may be in direct physical contact with that surface. In further embodiments, a film, layer, or air gap may be present between two components positioned adjacent to each other.

[0048] Similarly, a component A "positioned between" components B and C may be located between components B and C, but not necessarily in direct physical contact with these components. For instance, the second absorbing polarizer 150 is depicted in FIG. 1A as positioned between backlight assembly 100A and display assembly 100B, and is attached to the first major surface 115 of the LGP 110 by an adhesive layer 145, e.g., not in direct physical contact with the first major surface 115. However, in certain embodiments, a first component A positioned between second components B and C may be in direct physical contact with at least one of the second components B and/or C.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 1C, the integrated device 100 can further comprise a color conversion layer 195, e.g., positioned between the LGP 100 and the reflecting polarizer 150'. Of course, the color conversion layer 195 may be positioned in other locations within the integrated device 100. Additionally, the color conversion layer 195 may be used in combination with any of the configurations of FIGS. 1A-D, without limitation. A color conversion layer 195 may, in certain embodiments, comprise QDs encapsulated between two protective layers, such as glass layers or plastic films, to name a few. It may be useful to incorporate a color conversion layer 195 into integrated devices that are optically coupled to a light source emitting blue light. For instance, the color conversion layer 195 can be used to convert a portion of the blue light into a desired wavelength, such as red or green, and so forth.

[0050] QDs can have varying shapes and/or sizes depending on the desired wavelength of emitted light. For example, the frequency of emitted light may increase as the size of the quantum dot decreases, e.g., the color of the emitted light can shift from red to blue as the size of the quantum dot decreases. When irradiated with blue, UV, or near-UV light, a quantum dot may convert the light into longer red, yellow, green, or blue wavelengths.

According to various embodiments, the QDs can emit red and green wavelengths when irradiated with blue, UV, or near-UV light. Of course, other color conversion elements, such as phosphors and lumiphores, can also be incorporated into the color conversion layer(s) of the integrated device, as suitable for the desired application.

[0051] Referring again to FIGS. 1A-D, the LGP 110, first substrate 170, and second substrate 155 can have any desired size and/or shape as appropriate to produce a desired light distribution. The major surfaces of the LGP and/or substrates may, in certain embodiments, be planar or substantially planar and/or parallel. At least one major surface may also, in various embodiments, have a radius of curvature along at least one axis. The LGP 110, first substrate 170, and/or second substrate 155 may comprise four edges, or may comprise more than four edges, e.g. a multi-sided polygon. In other embodiments, the LGP and/or substrates may comprise less than four edges, e.g., a triangle. By way of a non-limiting example, the LGP 110, first substrate 170, and/or second substrate 155 may comprise a rectangular, square, or rhomboid sheet having four edges, although other shapes and configurations are intended to fall within the scope of the disclosure including those having one or more curvilinear portions or edges.

[0052] In certain embodiments, the LGP 110 may have a thickness of less than or equal to about 3 mm, for example, ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 2.5 mm, from about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, or from about 0.7 mm to about 1 mm, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. According to non-limiting embodiments, the LGP 100 may have at least one other dimension, e.g., length or width, ranging from about 10 mm to about 1 m, such as from about 50 mm to about 500 mm, from about 100 mm to about 400 mm, or from about 200 mm to about 300 mm, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. In various embodiments, the LGP 100 may have a length of less than 100 mm.

[0053] The first substrate 170 and second substrate 155 may, in various

embodiments, have different thicknesses. The first substrate 170 may be thicker than the second substrate 155. For instance, the first substrate 170 may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.3 mm, e.g., ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 2.5, from about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, or from about 0.7 mm to about 1 mm, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. The second substrate 155 may have a thickness of less than or equal to 1.5 mm, e.g., ranging from about 0.02 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 1 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, or from about 0.3 mm to about 0.5 mm, including all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0054] The LGP 110, the first substrate 170, and second substrate 155 can comprise any material known in the art for use in display devices and other similar devices. For example, the LGP and/or first or second substrate can comprise plastics, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), methylmethacrylate styrene (MS), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), micro- structured materials, polymers, or glasses, to name a few. In some embodiments, the LGP 110 may comprise glass. In other embodiments, the first and/or second substrate 170, 155 may comprise glass. In further embodiments, the LGP 110, first substrate 170, and second substrate 155 may all comprise glass.

[0055] Exemplary glasses can include, but are not limited to, aluminosilicate, alkali- aluminosilicate, borosilicate, alkali-borosilicate, aluminoborosilicate, alkali-aluminoborosilicate, soda lime, and other suitable glasses. Non-limiting examples of commercially available glasses suitable for use as a glass light guide include, for instance, EAGLE XG^®, Lotus™, Willow^®, Iris™, and Gorilla^® glasses from Corning Incorporated. In non-limiting embodiments, the LGP 110 may be a composite LGP including both glass and plastic components, thus, any specific embodiments described herein with reference to only glass LGPs should not limit the scope of the claims appended herewith.

[0056] Some non-limiting glass compositions can include between about 50 mol % to about 90 mol% Si0₂, between 0 mol% to about 20 mol% A1₂0₃, between 0 mol% to about 20 mol% B₂0 , between 0 mol% to about 20 mol% P₂0₅, and between 0 mol% to about 25 mol% R_xO, wherein R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and x is 2, or Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba and x is 1. In some embodiments, R_xO - A1₂0₃ > 0; 0 < R_xO - A1₂0₃ < 15; x = 2 and R₂0 - A1₂0₃ < 15; R₂0 - A1₂0₃ < 2; x=2 and R₂0 - A1₂0₃ - MgO > -15; 0 < (R_xO - A1₂0₃) < 25, -1 1 < (R₂0 - A1₂0₃) < 1 1, and -15 < (R₂0 - A1₂0₃ - MgO) < 1 1; and/or - 1 < (R₂0 - A1₂0₃) < 2 and -6 < (R₂0 - A1₂0₃ - MgO) < 1. In some embodiments, the glass comprises less than 1 ppm each of Co, Ni, and Cr. In some embodiments, the concentration of Fe is < about 50 ppm, < about 20 ppm, or < about 10 ppm. In other embodiments, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 60 ppm, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 40 ppm, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 20 ppm, or Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 10 ppm. In other embodiments, the glass comprises between about 60 mol % to about 80 mol% Si0₂, between about 0.1 mol% to about 15 mol% A1₂0₃, 0 mol% to about 12 mol% B₂0₃, and about 0.1 mol% to about 15 mol% R₂0 and about 0.1 mol% to about 15 mol% RO, wherein R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and x is 2, or Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba and x is 1.

[0057] In other embodiments, the glass composition can comprise between about 65.79 mol % to about 78.17 mol% Si0₂, between about 2.94 mol% to about 12.12 mol% A1₂0₃, between about 0 mol% to about 1 1.16 mol% B₂0₃, between about 0 mol% to about 2.06 mol% Li₂0, between about 3.52 mol% to about 13.25 mol% Na₂0, between about 0 mol% to about 4.83 mol% K₂0, between about 0 mol% to about 3.01 mol% ZnO, between about 0 mol% to about 8.72 mol% MgO, between about 0 mol% to about 4.24 mol% CaO, between about 0 mol% to about 6.17 mol% SrO, between about 0 mol% to about 4.3 mol% BaO, and between about 0.07 mol% to about 0.1 1 mol% Sn0₂.

[0058] In additional embodiments, the glass can comprise glass having an R_X0/A1₂0₃ ratio between 0.95 and 3.23, wherein R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and x is 2. In further embodiments, the glass may comprise an R_X0/A1₂0₃ ratio between 1.18 and 5.68, wherein R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and x is 2, or Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba and x is 1. In yet further embodiments, the glass can comprise an R_xO - A1₂0₃ - MgO between -4.25 and 4.0, wherein R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and x is 2. In still further embodiments, the glass may comprise between about 66 mol % to about 78 mol% Si0₂, between about 4 mol% to about 1 1 mol% A1₂0₃, between about 4 mol% to about 1 1 mol% B₂0₃, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% Li₂0, between about 4 mol% to about 12 mol% Na₂0, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% K₂0, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% ZnO, between about 0 mol% to about 5 mol% MgO, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% CaO, between about 0 mol% to about 5 mol% SrO, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% BaO, and between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% Sn0₂.

[0059] In additional embodiments, the glass can comprise a glass material including between about 72 mol % to about 80 mol% Si0₂, between about 3 mol% to about 7 mol% A1₂0₃, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% B₂0₃, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% Li₂0, between about 6 mol% to about 15 mol% Na₂0, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% K₂0, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% ZnO, between about 2 mol% to about 10 mol% MgO, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% CaO, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% SrO, between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% BaO, and between about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% Sn0₂. In certain embodiments, the glass can comprise between about 60 mol % to about 80 mol% Si0₂, between about 0 mol% to about 15 mol% A1₂0₃, between about 0 mol% to about 15 mol% B₂0₃, and about 2 mol% to about 50 mol% R_xO, wherein R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and x is 2, or Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba and x is 1, and wherein Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 60 ppm.

[0060] In some embodiments, the glass can comprise a color shift Ay less than 0.05, such as ranging from about -0.005 to about 0.05, or ranging from about 0.005 to about 0.015 (e.g., about -0.005, -0.004, -0.003, -0.002, -0.001, 0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.010, 0.011, 0.012, 0.013, 0.014, 0.015, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, or 0.05). In other embodiments, the glass can comprise a color shift less than 0.008. According to certain embodiments, the glass can have a light attenuation ai (e.g., due to absorption and/or scattering losses) of less than about 4 dB/m, such as less than about 3 dB/m, less than about 2 dB/m, less than about 1 dB/m, less than about 0.5 dB/m, less than about 0.2 dB/m, or even less, e.g., ranging from about 0.2 dB/m to about 4 dB/m, for wavelengths ranging from about 420-750 nm.

[0061] Attenuation may be characterized by measuring light transmission TL( D ) of an input source through a transparent substrate of length L and normalizing this transmission by the source spectrum T₀( D ). In units of dB/m the attenuation is given by□(□) =- 10/L*logio(T_L( D)/TL( D)) where L is the length in meters and T_L( D ) and T_L( D ) are measured in radiometric units. [0062] The glass may, in some embodiments, be chemically strengthened, e.g., by ion exchange. During the ion exchange process, ions within a glass sheet at or near the surface of the glass sheet may be exchanged for larger metal ions, for example, from a salt bath. The incorporation of the larger ions into the glass can strengthen the sheet by creating a compressive stress in a near surface region. A corresponding tensile stress can be induced within a central region of the glass sheet to balance the compressive stress.

[0063] Ion exchange may be carried out, for example, by immersing the glass in a molten salt bath for a predetermined period of time. Exemplary salt baths include, but are not limited to, KN0₃, L1NO₃, NaN0₃, RbN0₃, and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath and treatment time period can vary. It is within the ability of one skilled in the art to determine the time and temperature according to the desired application. By way of a non- limiting example, the temperature of the molten salt bath may range from about 400°C to about 800°C, such as from about 400°C to about 500°C, and the predetermined time period may range from about 4 to about 24 hours, such as from about 4 hours to about 10 hours, although other temperature and time combinations are envisioned. By way of a non-limiting example, the glass can be submerged in a KN0₃ bath, for example, at about 450°C for about 6 hours to obtain a K- enriched layer which imparts a surface compressive stress.

[0064] In certain embodiments, various components of the integrated device 100, such as the LGP 110, first substrate 170, second substrate 155 and/or adhesive layer(s) 145 (if present) can be transparent or substantially transparent. As used herein, the term "transparent" is intended to denote that the component has an optical transmittance of greater than about 80% in the visible region of the spectrum (~420-750nm) for a transmission length of 500 mm or less. For instance, an exemplary transparent material may have greater than about 85% transmittance in the visible region, such as greater than about 90%, or greater than about 95% transmittance, including all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0065] In some embodiments, an exemplary transparent material can comprise less than 1 ppm each of Co, Ni, and Cr. In some embodiments, the concentration of Fe is < about 50 ppm, < about 20 ppm, or < about 10 ppm. In other embodiments, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 60 ppm, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 40 ppm, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 20 ppm, or Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 10 ppm. According to additional embodiments, an exemplary transparent material can comprise a color shift Ay < 0.015 or, in some embodiments, a color shift < 0.008.

[0066] Color shift may be characterized by measuring variation in the x and y chromaticity coordinates of the extracted light along the length L of an LGP illuminated by standard white LED(s) such as the Nichia NFSWl 57D-E using the CIE 1931 standard for color measurements. The nominal color point of the LED(s) is chosen to be y=0.28 and x=0.29. For glass LGPs the color shift Ay can be reported as Ay = y(L₂)-y(L₁) where L₂ and Li are Z positions along the panel or substrate direction away from the source launch and where L₂- Li=0.5 meters. Exemplary glass LGPs have Ay < 0.05, Ay < 0.01, Ay< 0.005, Ay < 0.003, or Ay

< 0.001.

[0067] The integrated devices disclosed herein may provide various advantageous properties as compared to prior art devices. For instance, the display assembly and backlight assembly may be fully integrated, e.g., bonded together. In certain embodiments, the display assembly and backlight assembly can be continuously bonded together by at least one intervening layer. As used herein the term "continuously bonded" is intended to denote that a first major surface of the backlight assembly is bonded to a second major surface of the display assembly, e.g., substantially all of the first major surface is bonded to substantially all of the second major surface, with or without the use of an intervening layer. Such a configuration may improve the mechanical strength of the integrated device, particularly as compared to devices bonded only at their edges.

[0068] Referring to FIGS. 1A-B, the second substrate 155 may be continuously bonded to the absorbing polarizer 150 or reflecting polarizer 150', which may be continuously bonded to the patterned optical component 135 via adhesive layer 145. In FIG. 1C, the second substrate 155 may be continuously bonded to the reflecting polarizer 150', which may be continuously bonded to the color conversion layer 195, which may be continuously bonded to the patterned optical component 135, with optional adhesive layers (not illustrated) between these components. With reference to FIG. ID, the second substrate 155 may be continuously bonded to the patterned optical component 135 via adhesive layer 145. In various embodiments, the front facing surface of all components in the integrated device may be continuously bonded to a rear facing surface of an adjacent component. [0069] The integrated devices disclosed herein may also be thinner and/or lighter than prior art devices, e.g., due to the absence of one or more optical films and/or air gap(s) between components in the device. Removal of one or more of these components may favorably reduce the overall cost and/or complexity of the device. In some embodiments, the integrated device, backlight assembly, and/or display assembly may not comprise a collimating film. In other embodiments, the integrated device, backlight assembly, and/or display assembly may not comprise a diffusing film. In further embodiments, the integrated device, backlight assembly, and/or display assembly may not comprise either a collimating film or a diffusing film. In still further embodiments, the integrated device may not comprise an air gap. In yet further embodiments, the integrated device, backlight assembly, and/or display assembly may not comprise any of a collimating film, a diffusing film, or an air gap.

[0070] Referring to FIGS. 1A-D, the backlight assembly 100A and the display assembly 100B may be bonded together without the a diffusing and/or collimating film present between these two components. In additional embodiment, an air gap may not be present between the backlight assembly 100A and the display assembly 100B. It should be noted that peripheral bonding methods, e.g., bonding along the edges of the components, does not result in an integrated device without an air gap as described herein.

[0071] It will be appreciated that the various disclosed embodiments may involve particular features, elements or steps that are described in connection with that particular embodiment. It will also be appreciated that a particular feature, element or step, although described in relation to one particular embodiment, may be interchanged or combined with alternate embodiments in various non-illustrated combinations or permutations.

[0072] It is also to be understood that, as used herein the terms "the," "a," or "an," mean "at least one," and should not be limited to "only one" unless explicitly indicated to the contrary. Thus, for example, reference to "a light source" includes examples having two or more such light sources unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Likewise, a "plurality" or an "array" is intended to denote "more than one." As such, a "plurality of light extraction features" includes two or more such features, such as three or more such features, etc., and an "array of light extraction features" includes two or more such features, such as three or more such features, and so on. [0073] Ranges can be expressed herein as from "about" one particular value, and/or to "about" another particular value. When such a range is expressed, examples include from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about," it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.

[0074] The terms "substantial," "substantially," and variations thereof as used herein are intended to note that a described feature is equal or approximately equal to a value or description. For example, a "substantially planar" surface is intended to denote a surface that is planar or approximately planar. Moreover, as defined above, "substantially similar" is intended to denote that two values are equal or approximately equal. In some embodiments, "substantially similar" may denote values within about 10% of each other, such as within about 5% of each other, or within about 2% of each other.

[0075] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order.

Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is no way intended that any particular order be inferred.

[0076] While various features, elements or steps of particular embodiments may be disclosed using the transitional phrase "comprising," it is to be understood that alternative embodiments, including those that may be described using the transitional phrases "consisting" or "consisting essentially of," are implied. Thus, for example, implied alternative embodiments to an assembly that comprises A+B+C include embodiments where an assembly consists of A+B+C and embodiments where an assembly consists essentially of A+B+C.

[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Since modifications combinations, sub-combinations and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the disclosure may occur to persons skilled in the art, the disclosure should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An integrated device comprising:

(a) a backlight assembly comprising:

a light guide plate comprising a light emitting first major surface and an opposing second major surface; and

a patterned optical component optically coupled to the first major surface of the light guide plate,

wherein the patterned optical component comprises at least one optically reflective region and at least one optically transmissive region; and

(b) a display assembly comprising:

a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light modulation layer disposed therebetween; and

at least one optically transmissive aperture,

wherein the at least one optically transmissive region of the patterned optical component is at least partially aligned with the at least one optically transmissive aperture of the display assembly.

2. The integrated device of claim 1, further comprising at least one polarizer.

3. The integrated device of claim 2, wherein the at least one polarizer is an absorbing polarizer positioned adjacent to a light emitting major surface of the first substrate, positioned between the second substrate and the light guide plate, or both.

4. The integrated device of claim 2, wherein the at least one polarizer is a reflecting polarizer positioned between the second substrate and the light modulation layer or between the second substrate and the light guide plate.

5. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the light modulation layer comprises a liquid crystal layer.

6. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the first substrate is thicker than the second substrate.

7. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the patterned optical component is bonded to or deposited on the first major surface of the light guide plate.

8. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the patterned optical component comprises a stack of dielectric layers including alternating higher and lower indices of refraction.

9. The integrated device of claim 8, wherein the patterned optical component further comprises a metallic layer.

10. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the optically reflective region of the patterned optical component has an optical reflectance of greater than about 85%.

11. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the second major surface of the light guide plate comprises at least one light extraction feature, at least one microstructure, or both.

12. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the at least one light extraction feature comprises a layer of light diffusing particles or a plurality of discrete prismatic elements.

13. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the second substrate of the display assembly is bonded to the patterned optical component of the backlight assembly.

14. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the backlight assembly is bonded to the display assembly by at least one intervening layer.

15. The integrated device of claim 14, wherein the at least one intervening layer comprises an adhesive layer, a polarizer, a color conversion layer, or combinations thereof.

16. The integrated device of claim 14, wherein the integrated device does not comprise a collimating film or a diffusive film positioned between the display assembly and the backlight assembly.

17. The integrated device of claim 14, wherein an air gap is not present between the display assembly and the backlight assembly.

18. The integrated device of claim 1, further comprising at least one light source optically coupled to a light incident edge surface of the light guide plate or to the second major surface of the light guide plate.

19. The integrated device of claim 18, wherein the at least one light source emits white or blue light.

20. The integrated device of claim 1, wherein the device is a display, lighting, or electronic device.