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WO2018154850A1 - Dispositif optique - Google Patents

Dispositif optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018154850A1
WO2018154850A1 PCT/JP2017/039041 JP2017039041W WO2018154850A1 WO 2018154850 A1 WO2018154850 A1 WO 2018154850A1 JP 2017039041 W JP2017039041 W JP 2017039041W WO 2018154850 A1 WO2018154850 A1 WO 2018154850A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
substrate
optical device
electrode
light shielding
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Application number
PCT/JP2017/039041
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
ちぐさ 尾崎
一樹 北村
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication of WO2018154850A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018154850A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical device.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid crystal optical element having a liquid crystal layer formed above a base having irregularities such as a prism layer. Patent Document 1 describes that, in this liquid crystal optical element, the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is aligned, so that, for example, a deflection operation with respect to incident polarized light in a certain direction can be efficiently performed.
  • an optical device such as the above-described conventional liquid crystal optical element
  • light scattering occurs at the apexes and the concave portions of the convex / concave layer.
  • a conventional optical device when sunlight is incident on the optical device, streaks of light are generated along the vertical (vertical) direction. For this reason, when the person is indoors, when the window is viewed, it is locally dazzled, it becomes difficult to see the outside of the window, and the function as the window is impaired.
  • the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide an optical device capable of reducing local glare and appropriately transmitting light.
  • an optical device includes a first substrate having a light-transmitting property, a second substrate having a light-transmitting property facing the first substrate, and the first substrate. And a light distribution layer disposed between the second substrates for distributing incident light, and a first electrode and a second electrode disposed so as to sandwich the light distribution layer, the light distribution layer comprising: Including a concavo-convex structure portion having a plurality of convex portions repeated along a first direction parallel to the main surface of the first substrate, and liquid crystal molecules arranged in a plurality of concave portions between the plurality of convex portions.
  • an optical medium part whose refractive index changes when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the optical medium part in the plurality of recesses The first substrate side of the surface shields at least part of the incident light and contacts the optical medium unit Shielding portion is disposed surface roughness of a contact surface is less than the wavelength of visible light.
  • the optical device according to the present invention can reduce local glare and can transmit light appropriately.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the first embodiment.
  • 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a light distribution mode of the optical device according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4B is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a light transmission mode of the optical device according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining one factor of light streaks generated in the optical device according to the comparative example.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a usage example when the optical device (light distribution mode) according to Embodiment 1 is installed in a window.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the second embodiment.
  • the x axis, the y axis, and the z axis indicate the three axes of the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.
  • the z-axis direction is the vertical direction
  • the direction perpendicular to the z-axis is the horizontal direction.
  • the positive direction of the z-axis is vertically upward.
  • “thickness direction” means the thickness direction of the optical device, which is a direction perpendicular to the main surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate
  • plane view The time when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the first substrate or the second substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an optical device 1 according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optical device 1 according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the optical device 1 according to the first embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a region II surrounded by an alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a region III surrounded by a circular broken line in FIG.
  • the optical device 1 is a light control device that controls light incident on the optical device 1.
  • the optical device 1 is a light distribution element that can change the traveling direction of light incident on the optical device 1 (that is, distribute light) and emit the light.
  • the optical device 1 is configured to transmit incident light, and includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 20, a light distribution layer 30, and a first electrode 40. And a second electrode 50 and a light shielding part 60.
  • an adhesion layer for closely adhering the first electrode 40 and the uneven structure portion 31 of the light distribution layer 30 may be provided on the surface of the first electrode 40 on the light distribution layer 30 side.
  • the adhesion layer is, for example, a translucent adhesive sheet or a resin material generally referred to as a primer.
  • the optical device 1 has a configuration in which a first electrode 40, a light distribution layer 30, and a second electrode 50 are arranged in this order along the thickness direction between a pair of a first substrate 10 and a second substrate 20. .
  • the light shielding portion 60 is provided in the concave portion 33 of the uneven structure portion 31 of the light distribution layer 30.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are translucent substrates having translucency.
  • a glass substrate or a resin substrate can be used as the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • Examples of the material for the glass substrate include soda glass, alkali-free glass, and high refractive index glass.
  • Examples of the material for the resin substrate include resin materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), acrylic (PMMA), and epoxy.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PMMA acrylic
  • the glass substrate has the advantages of high light transmittance and low moisture permeability. On the other hand, the resin substrate has an advantage of less scattering at the time of destruction.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be made of the same material, or may be made of different materials. Moreover, the 1st board
  • substrate 20 are not limited to a rigid board
  • the second substrate 20 is disposed at a position facing the first substrate 10.
  • substrate 20 are adhere
  • planar view shape of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is, for example, a square or a rectangular rectangle, but is not limited thereto, and may be a polygon other than a circle or a rectangle. That is, various shapes can be adopted as the planar view shapes of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • the light distribution layer 30 is disposed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • the light distribution layer 30 has translucency and transmits incident light.
  • the light distribution layer 30 distributes the incident light. That is, the light distribution layer 30 can change the traveling direction of light when the light passes through the light distribution layer 30.
  • the light distribution layer 30 has an uneven structure portion 31 (an uneven layer) and an optical medium portion 34 (an optical medium layer) containing liquid crystal molecules 35.
  • the concavo-convex structure portion 31 has a plurality of convex portions 32 and a plurality of concave portions 33.
  • the concavo-convex structure portion 31 is a concavo-convex structure formed by a plurality of convex portions 32 having a micro-order size or a nano-order size. Between the plurality of convex portions 32 are a plurality of concave portions 33. That is, one concave portion 33 is formed between two adjacent convex portions 32.
  • the plurality of convex portions 32 are repeatedly arranged along the z-axis direction (first direction) parallel to the main surface of the first substrate 10 (the surface on which the first electrode 40 is provided).
  • Each of the plurality of convex portions 32 is a long convex portion extending in the x-axis direction (second direction). That is, in the present embodiment, the plurality of convex portions 32 are formed in a stripe shape in plan view.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 32 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape and extends in the x-axis direction.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 32 has a long, substantially quadrangular prism shape, and is arranged at equal intervals along the z-axis direction.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 32 has the same shape, but may have different shapes.
  • Each of the plurality of convex portions 32 has a pair of side surfaces 32a and 32b. As shown in FIG. 2, the pair of side surfaces 32a and 32b are surfaces that intersect in the z-axis direction.
  • the cross-sectional shape of each of the plurality of convex portions 32 is a tapered shape that tapers along the direction (thickness direction) from the first substrate 10 toward the second substrate 20.
  • Each of the pair of side surfaces 32a and 32b is an inclined surface inclined at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the thickness direction, and the distance between the pair of side surfaces 32a and 32b (the width of the convex portion 32 (the length in the z-axis direction)). Is gradually reduced from the first substrate 10 toward the second substrate 20.
  • the side surface 32a is, for example, a vertically upper side surface (upper side surface) of the pair of side surfaces 32a and 32b.
  • the side surface 32b is, for example, a vertically lower side surface (lower side surface) of the pair of side surfaces 32a and 32b.
  • the material of the convex portion 32 for example, a resin material having optical transparency such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or silicone resin can be used.
  • the convex portion 32 can be formed by, for example, molding or nanoimprinting.
  • the concavo-convex structure portion 31 is formed using, for example, an acrylic resin having a refractive index of 1.5.
  • the height of the protrusions 32 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m, and the plurality of protrusions 32 are arranged at equal intervals of 1 ⁇ m and aligned in the z-axis direction.
  • the thickness of the base part of the convex part 32 (lower base of the trapezoid) is, for example, 5 ⁇ m.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the convex part 32 is not limited to a trapezoid, but may be a triangle, another polygon, or a polygon including a curve.
  • the above-described values such as the height of the convex portion 32 are examples, and the height (the length in the y-axis direction) of the convex portion 32 may be appropriately determined from a range of 100 nm to 100 ⁇ m, for example. Further, the interval between the adjacent convex portions 32, that is, the width of the concave portion 33 (in the z-axis direction) may be appropriately determined from a range of 0 to 100 ⁇ m, for example. That is, the two adjacent convex portions 32 may be arranged at a predetermined interval without being in contact with each other, or may be arranged in contact with each other.
  • the optical medium part 34 is, for example, a liquid crystal including liquid crystal molecules 35 having birefringence.
  • a liquid crystal for example, a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal, or a cholesteric liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal molecules 35 are rod-like molecules can be used.
  • the liquid crystal including the liquid crystal molecules 35 is, for example, a positive liquid crystal having an ordinary light refractive index (no) of 1.5 and an extraordinary light refractive index (ne) of 1.7.
  • the optical medium unit 34 is a liquid crystal layer formed of liquid crystal including liquid crystal molecules 35.
  • the optical medium portion 34 is disposed in the plurality of concave portions 33 of the concavo-convex structure portion 31. Specifically, the optical medium portion 34 is disposed between the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50 and fills a gap formed between two adjacent convex portions 32. ing.
  • the optical medium unit 34 functions as a refractive index adjusting layer capable of adjusting the refractive index in the visible light region when an electric field is applied.
  • the optical medium portion 34 is composed of a liquid crystal having liquid crystal molecules 35 having electric field responsiveness, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 35 changes when an electric field is applied to the light distribution layer 30. Thereby, the refractive index of the optical medium part 34 changes.
  • An electric field is applied to the light distribution layer 30 by applying a voltage between the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50. Therefore, by controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50, the electric field applied to the light distribution layer 30 changes, thereby changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 35, and as a result, the optical medium.
  • the refractive index of the portion 34 changes. That is, the refractive index of the optical medium unit 34 is changed by applying a voltage to the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50.
  • FIG. 2 shows a state in which no voltage is applied (the same applies to FIG. 4A described later), and the liquid crystal molecules 35 are aligned so that the long axis is parallel to the x-axis.
  • a voltage is applied between the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50, the liquid crystal molecules 35 are aligned so that the major axis is parallel to the y-axis (see FIG. 4B described later).
  • the optical medium unit 34 may be supplied with an electric field by alternating current power, or may be supplied with an electric field by direct current power.
  • the voltage waveform may be a sine wave or a rectangular wave.
  • the optical medium portion 34 is formed by sealing resin at the outer periphery of each end of the first substrate 10 on which the first electrode 40 and the concavo-convex structure portion 31 are formed and the second substrate 20 on which the second electrode 50 is formed. In a sealed state, a positive liquid crystal containing liquid crystal molecules 35 is injected by a vacuum injection method.
  • the optical medium part 34 is formed by dropping the positive liquid crystal containing the liquid crystal molecules 35 on the first electrode 40 and the concavo-convex structure part 31 of the first substrate 10 and then bonding the second substrate 20 together. .
  • first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50 are electrically paired so that an electric field can be applied to the light distribution layer 30.
  • the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50 are paired not only electrically but also in terms of arrangement, and are arranged so as to face each other. Specifically, the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50 are disposed so as to sandwich the light distribution layer 30.
  • the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50 are light transmissive and transmit incident light.
  • the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50 are, for example, transparent conductive layers.
  • a conductor-containing resin made of a resin containing a conductor such as a transparent metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), silver nanowires or conductive particles, or A metal thin film such as a silver thin film can be used.
  • the 1st electrode 40 and the 2nd electrode 50 may be these single layer structures, and these laminated structures (for example, laminated structure of a transparent metal oxide and a metal thin film) may be sufficient as them.
  • each of the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50 is, for example, ITO having a thickness of 100 nm.
  • the first electrode 40 is disposed between the first substrate 10 and the light distribution layer 30. Specifically, the first electrode 40 is formed on the surface of the first substrate 10 on the light distribution layer 30 side.
  • the second electrode 50 is disposed between the light distribution layer 30 and the second substrate 20. Specifically, the second electrode 50 is formed on the surface of the second substrate 20 on the light distribution layer 30 side.
  • the 1st electrode 40 and the 2nd electrode 50 have the structure which can be electrically connected with an external power supply, for example.
  • an electrode pad or the like for connecting to an external power source may be formed on the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 by being drawn from each of the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50.
  • the light shielding unit 60 shields at least part of the incident light.
  • shielding means not only completely blocking incident light but also blocking only a part and transmitting the rest.
  • light blocking refers to a state where blocking is more dominant than light transmission.
  • the transmittance of the light shielding unit 60 with respect to visible light is lower than 50%, preferably 20% or less, or 10% or less.
  • the light shielding portion 60 is provided at the bottom of the recess 33. Specifically, like the concavo-convex structure portion 31, the light shielding portion 60 is formed in a stripe shape extending in the x-axis direction. In the present embodiment, the light shielding portions 60 are provided in all the concave portions 33, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the light-shielding part 60 may be provided every n pieces (n is a natural number of 1 or more) of the plurality of recesses 33 along the z-axis direction.
  • the light shielding portion 60 is formed with a substantially uniform film thickness.
  • the film thickness (y-axis direction) of the light shielding unit 60 is, for example, 200 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the film thickness of the light shielding part 60 can be appropriately determined from this range in consideration of the light absorption of the light shielding part 60 or the height of the convex part 32.
  • the light shielding portion 60 is formed by a plurality of light shielding particles 61 and a binder 62 that fixes the plurality of light shielding particles 61.
  • a carbon black pigment such as carbon black or an oxide black pigment is used.
  • the binder 62 for example, an acrylic resin is employed.
  • a resin material containing a plurality of light-shielding particles 61 such as carbon black is applied in the plurality of recesses 33 and subjected to a heating (drying) process, whereby the light-shielding unit 60 is provided in each of the plurality of recesses 33. Is placed.
  • the light shielding part 60 may not be black.
  • the light shielding unit 60 may be obtained by drying a solvent ink containing a colored pigment. Drying may be natural drying.
  • the light-shielding part 60 which exhibits the above-described effect is disposed in contact with the optical medium part 34, the light-shielding part 60 has a contact surface 60a (see FIG. 3) which is a surface in contact with the optical medium part 34. ing. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a increases due to the influence of the plurality of light shielding particles 61 contained in the light shielding portion 60, if no contrivance is made.
  • the inventors of the present application show that when the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a is large, haze is conspicuous in the vicinity of the light-shielding portion 60, and when the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a is small, the haze is suppressed. Confirmed that it will be.
  • the surface roughness (for example, arithmetic average roughness (Ra)) of the contact surface 60a is equal to or less than the visible light wavelength. More specifically, the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a is 750 nm or less. Thereby, the haze in the optical device 1 is suppressed.
  • the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a is more preferably 350 nm or less, and further preferably 100 nm or less.
  • the cause of the increase in haze is, for example, when the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a is large, due to the uneven shape of the contact surface 60a, This is presumably because a poor alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 35 easily occurs in the vicinity region. Therefore, the inventors of the present application suppress the occurrence of alignment failure of the liquid crystal molecules 35 in the vicinity of the contact surface 60a by setting the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a to be equal to or less than the visible light wavelength. It was found that no haze was generated. In addition, the inventors of the present application have confirmed that, as a general rule, the smaller the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a, the smaller the haze.
  • the volume ratio of the binder 62 in the light shielding unit 60 is 30% is employed in the present embodiment.
  • the volume ratio of the binder 62 in the light shielding unit 60 is set to 30% or more.
  • the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a is visible light. Below the wavelength.
  • the volume ratio of the binder 62 in the light shielding unit 60 is, for example, 30% or more and preferably 50% or less.
  • the volume ratio of the binder 62 in the light shielding part 60 by increasing the volume of the light shielding part 60 while maintaining the number of the light shielding particles 61 contained in the light shielding part 60.
  • the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a of the light shielding portion 60 is reduced, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of suppressing poor alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 35 (suppressing haze).
  • the thickness of the light shielding portion 60 is, for example, 50% or less of the depth of the concave portion 33 (height of the convex portion 32).
  • an oxide film may be formed on the surface of the light shielding unit 60 by a technique such as sputtering after the light shielding unit 60 is disposed in each of the plurality of recesses 33 and before the optical medium unit 34 is disposed. Good.
  • the oxide film (not shown) has a function of suppressing the light shielding unit 60 from being mixed with the optical medium unit 34 (liquid crystal).
  • the oxide film is, for example, a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 ).
  • SiO 2 silicon oxide film
  • the surface of the layer on the optical medium unit 34 side is a surface (contact surface) in contact with the optical medium unit 34 of the light shielding unit 60. It can also be interpreted. In this case, the surface roughness of the surface of the layer on the side of the optical medium portion 34 may be equal to or less than the visible light wavelength.
  • the optical device 1 has two optical states (operation modes) corresponding to the application state of the electric field to the light distribution layer 30. Specifically, the optical device 1 has a light distribution mode in which the traveling direction of incident light is changed and a light transmission mode in which the incident light passes through as it is (without changing the traveling direction).
  • FIG. 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a light distribution mode of the optical device 1 according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4B is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a light transmission mode of the optical device 1 according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a light distribution mode of the optical device 1 according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4B is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a light transmission mode of the optical device 1 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the liquid crystal molecules contained in the optical medium unit 34 according to the electric field applied to the light distribution layer 30, specifically, the voltage applied between the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50.
  • the orientation of 35 changes. Since the liquid crystal molecules 35 are rod-like liquid crystal molecules having birefringence, the refractive index varies depending on the polarization state of incident light.
  • Light such as sunlight incident on the optical device 1 includes P-polarized light (P-polarized component) and S-polarized light (S-polarized component).
  • the polarization direction of the P-polarized light is substantially parallel to the minor axis of the liquid crystal molecules 35 in both modes of FIGS. 4A and 4B.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 35 for P-polarized light does not depend on the mode, and is the ordinary light refractive index (no), specifically 1.5.
  • the refractive index for P-polarized light is substantially constant in the light distribution layer 30, the P-polarized light travels straight through the light distribution layer 30 as it is.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 35 for S-polarized light changes according to the modes of FIGS. 4A and 4B. Below, the detail of each mode is demonstrated. In the present specification, the description below will focus on S-polarized light in the light incident on the optical device 1 unless otherwise specified.
  • the refractive index of the convex part 32 is 1.5
  • the refractive index of the optical medium part 34 is 1.7.
  • the light L1 that is not incident on the light shielding portion 60 is side surface 32b when incident on the optical medium portion 34 from the convex portion 32, as shown in FIG. 4A. After being refracted, the light is reflected from the side surface 32a when entering the convex portion 32 from the optical medium portion 34, and proceeds obliquely upward.
  • the P-polarized light passes through the optical device 1 as it is without being refracted by the side surface 32b and not reflected by the side surface 32a, and proceeds obliquely downward.
  • the difference in refractive index does not occur in the light distribution layer 30, so the light L1 (both P-polarized light and S-polarized light) is It passes through the optical device 1 as it is and proceeds obliquely downward.
  • the light L2 that does not enter the light shielding portion 60 passes through the convex portion 32 as it is, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
  • the light L2 passes straight through the optical device 1 in both the light distribution mode and the light transmission mode.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining one factor of light streaks generated in the optical device 1x according to the comparative example.
  • the optical device 1x illustrated in FIG. 5 is different from the optical device 1 according to Embodiment 1 (see, for example, FIG. 2) in that the light shielding unit 60 is not provided.
  • FIG. 5 shows a case where the optical device 1x is in the light distribution mode. Specifically, the refractive index of the optical medium portion 34 of the light distribution layer 30 is larger than the refractive index of the convex portion 32.
  • the light L1 incident on the optical medium part 34 (concave part 33) from the first electrode 40 is partially scattered by the difference in refractive index between the first electrode 40 and the optical medium part 34 (FIG. 5). Scattered light Lx). Most of the scattered light is light traveling in the yz plane, and thus appears as a streak of light along the z-axis direction. Thereby, for the person who looks at the optical device 1 from the front, a linear local glare is felt.
  • the light shielding portion 60 is provided in the concave portion 33 of the concave-convex structure portion 31.
  • the light L ⁇ b> 3 incident on the light shielding part 60 among the light obliquely incident on the optical device 1 is shielded by the light shielding part 60.
  • production of the scattered light Lx as shown in FIG. 5 is suppressed.
  • each intensity of the scattered light Lx is weaker than the main component of the light L1, it is sufficiently attenuated by the light shielding unit 60.
  • the light L ⁇ b> 4 that is incident on the light shielding unit 60 is similarly shielded by the light shielding unit 60. In both the light distribution mode and the light transmission mode, the lights L3 and L4 are shielded by the light shielding unit 60.
  • the optical device 1 can transmit most (for example, 80%) or more of the light incident on the optical device 1.
  • the light shielding unit 60 may transmit part of the light L3 and L4.
  • the transmitted light of the light L3 is reflected by the side surface 32a of the convex portion 32 and emitted obliquely upward from the second substrate 20.
  • the transmitted light of the light L4 is transmitted straight through the optical device 1 as is the case with the light L2.
  • the light shielding unit 60 for example, light that has been repeatedly reflected in the optical medium unit 34, and light that has entered the first substrate 10 and has passed through the light shielding unit 60
  • the light is affected by refraction by the liquid crystal molecules 35 in the vicinity of the contact surface 60a.
  • the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a is small (below the visible light wavelength)
  • poor alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 35 hardly occurs. For this reason, haze caused by poor alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 35 is suppressed.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a usage example when the optical device 1 (light distribution mode) according to the present embodiment is installed in a window.
  • the optical device 1 can be realized as a window with a light distribution function by being installed in a window 91 of a building 90.
  • the optical device 1 is bonded to the existing window 91 via an adhesive layer, for example.
  • the optical device 1 is installed in the window 91 in a posture in which the main surfaces of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are parallel to the vertical direction (z-axis direction).
  • the detailed structure of the optical device 1 is not shown.
  • the first substrate 10 is on the outdoor side
  • the second substrate 20 is on the indoor side
  • the side surface of the convex portion 32. 32a is arranged on the ceiling side and the side surface 32b is on the floor side. That is, the optical device 1 is arranged so that the first substrate 10 is on the light incident side and the second substrate 20 is on the light emitting side.
  • the optical device 1 When the optical device 1 is in the light distribution mode, a refractive index difference is generated between the convex portion 32 and the optical medium portion 34. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4A, the light L1 (S-polarized light) is reflected by the side surface 32a. It progresses diagonally upward. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 6, the indoor ceiling is irradiated with the light reflected by the side surface 32a. Thus, indoors can be brightened by taking sunlight and irradiating the ceiling surface. Thereby, for example, the indoor lighting fixture can be turned off or the light output can be suppressed, so that power saving can be achieved.
  • S-polarized light S-polarized light
  • the traveling direction of the light that does not pass through the side surface 32a or 32b among the reflected light from the landscape does not change, the landscape can be seen by the light. . Further, the light passing through the side surface 32a or 32b changes the traveling direction of S-polarized light but does not change the traveling direction of P-polarized light.
  • the transmittance of the reflected light from the scenery can be 50% or more. Therefore, the interior can be brightened while maintaining a feeling of openness due to the original transparency of the window.
  • the scattered light can be suppressed by the light shielding unit 60. Thereby, the local glare which appears as a stripe of light can be controlled.
  • haze is also suppressed because the surface roughness of the contact surface 60 a (see FIG. 3) in the light shielding part 60 including the plurality of light shielding particles 61 is small (below the visible light wavelength).
  • the traveling direction of the light L1 reflected by the side surface 32a can be controlled by the refractive index of the optical medium unit 34. That is, the elevation angle of the emitted light from the optical device 1 can be adjusted. Specifically, the elevation angle of the emitted light can be adjusted by adjusting the refractive index of the optical medium unit 34.
  • the refractive index of the optical medium unit 34 can be adjusted stepwise by controlling the voltage applied between the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50.
  • the optical device 1 can make the emission angle (elevation angle) of the light emitted from the optical device 1 substantially constant, for example, by adjusting the refractive index of the optical medium unit 34.
  • the optical device 1 includes the first substrate 10 having translucency, the second substrate 20 facing the first substrate 10 and having translucency, and the first substrate 10.
  • the light distribution layer 30 is disposed between the second substrate 20 and distributes the incident light, and the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50 are disposed so as to sandwich the light distribution layer 30.
  • the light distribution layer 30 is between the concavo-convex structure portion 31 having a plurality of convex portions 32 that repeats along a first direction (z-axis direction) parallel to the main surface of the first substrate 10 and the plurality of convex portions 32.
  • the surface roughness of the contact surface 60 a that shields at least a part of the incident light and contacts the optical medium portion 34 is low.
  • a light shielding portion 60 having a wavelength of visible light or shorter is disposed.
  • the light shielding portion 60 since the light shielding portion 60 is provided in the concave portion 33, the light shielding portion 60 can block the scattered light generated in the concave portion 33. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of light streaks as described with reference to FIG. 5, thereby reducing local glare.
  • the refractive index of the optical medium unit 34 when a voltage is applied between the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 50, the refractive index of the optical medium unit 34 can be changed, so that the optical device 1 has a plurality of optical states according to the applied voltage. Can be realized.
  • the optical device 1 can realize a light distribution mode in which incident sunlight or the like proceeds toward an indoor ceiling surface, and a light transmission mode in which incident sunlight or the like proceeds as it is.
  • the light shielding unit 60 includes, for example, a plurality of light shielding particles 61, but the roughness of the contact surface 60a that is in contact with the optical medium unit 34 (liquid crystal) is equal to or less than the visible light wavelength. Thereby, the alignment defect of the liquid crystal molecules 35 in the vicinity of the contact surface 60a is suppressed, and as a result, haze is also suppressed.
  • the optical device 1 that can reduce local glare and can transmit light appropriately.
  • the light shielding part 60 is formed by a plurality of light shielding particles 61 and a binder 62 that fixes the plurality of light shielding particles 61, and the volume ratio of the binder 62 in the light shielding part 60 is 30% or more. It is.
  • the contact surface 60a having a surface roughness equal to or less than the visible light wavelength can be formed in the light shielding unit 60 by a simple method of adjusting the volume ratio of the binder 62 in the light shielding unit 60. it can.
  • the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a of the light shielding unit 60 is 750 nm or less.
  • the surface roughness of the contact surface 60a is more preferably 350 nm or less, and further preferably 100 nm or less.
  • the contact surface 60a having a surface roughness equal to or lower than the reference value of 750 nm, which is the upper limit of the visible light wavelength, it is possible to provide effectiveness in suppressing haze.
  • Embodiment 2 Next, the second embodiment will be described focusing on the difference from the first embodiment. In other words, in the following description, description of points in common with Embodiment 1 may be omitted or simplified.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optical device 1a according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the optical device 1a according to the second embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a region VIII surrounded by an elliptical broken line in FIG.
  • the optical device 1a according to the present embodiment has a light shielding unit 65 having a light shielding structure according to the first embodiment as compared with the optical device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. Different from part 60.
  • the light shielding unit 65 is disposed between the light shielding layer 66 that shields at least a part of incident light, the light shielding layer 66, and the optical medium unit 34, and the optical medium unit 34 And a planarizing layer 67 that forms a contact surface 65a in contact therewith.
  • the light shielding layer 66 is formed of a plurality of light shielding particles 61 and a binder 62 that fixes the plurality of light shielding particles 61 in the same manner as the light shielding portion 60 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the effect of reducing local glare due to the presence of the light shielding layer 66 in the recess 33 is exhibited.
  • the boundary between the light shielding layer 66 and the planarization layer 67 is affected by the plurality of light shielding particles 61 contained in the light shielding layer 66 and has relatively large irregularities in the y-axis direction. Is formed.
  • a planarization layer 67 that absorbs the irregularities of the light shielding layer 66 is disposed between the light shielding layer 66 and the optical medium portion 34, and the surface roughness of the contact surface 65a is related to the first embodiment. Like the contact surface 60a, it is below the visible light wavelength. Therefore, alignment failure of the liquid crystal molecules 35 in the vicinity of the contact surface 65a is suppressed, and as a result, haze is also suppressed.
  • the amount of the binder 62 is fixed to the plurality of light shielding particles 61. Can be suppressed to the minimum amount necessary.
  • the planarization layer 67 that forms the contact surface 65a does not need to contain an individual such as the light shielding particles 61 that is one of the factors that roughen the surface, the surface roughness of the contact surface 65a is, for example, 750 nm. It is easy to:
  • the optical device 1a that can reduce local glare and can transmit light appropriately.
  • the planarization layer 67 for example, a resin material diluted with water is employed.
  • a resin material such as an acrylic resin
  • a resin material is acrylic resin.
  • a resin material having high affinity with the light shielding particles 61 such as carbon black contained in the light shielding layer 66 can be arbitrarily selected and used as the material of the planarizing layer 67. Thereby, for example, the formation of the planarizing layer 67 on the light shielding layer 66 is facilitated.
  • optical device has been described based on the first and second embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments.
  • the light shielding unit 60 may partially transmit light. However, the light shielding unit 60 may completely block light. At this time, the light shielding unit 60 may absorb or reflect light.
  • the optical device 1 is arranged in the window so that the longitudinal direction of the convex portion 32 is in the x-axis direction, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the optical device 1 may be disposed in the window so that the longitudinal direction of the convex portion 32 is the z-axis direction.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 32 constituting the concavo-convex structure portion 31 has a long shape, but is not limited thereto.
  • the plurality of convex portions 32 may be arranged so as to be scattered in a matrix or the like. That is, you may arrange
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 32 has the same shape.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 32 has a different shape.
  • the inclination angles of the side surfaces 32 a of the plurality of convex portions 32 may be different between the upper half and the lower half in the z-axis direction of the optical device 1.
  • the heights of the plurality of convex portions 32 are constant, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the height of the plurality of convex portions 32 may be different at random. By doing in this way, it can suppress that the light which permeate
  • the height of the plurality of convex portions 32 minute diffracted light and scattered light at the concave / convex interface are averaged by wavelength, and coloring of the emitted light is suppressed.
  • sunlight is exemplified as light incident on the optical device 1, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the light incident on the optical device 1 may be light emitted from a light emitting device such as a lighting device.
  • the optical device 1 is attached to the indoor side surface of the window 91, but may be attached to the outdoor side surface of the window 91. By pasting on the indoor side, deterioration of the optical element can be suppressed. Further, although the optical device 1 is attached to the window, the optical device may be used as the window of the building 90 itself. The optical device 1 is not limited to being installed in the window 91 of the building 90, and may be installed, for example, in a car window.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif optique pourvu : d'un premier substrat de transmission de lumière (10) ; d'un second substrat de transmission de lumière (20) qui fait face au premier substrat (10) ; d'une couche de distribution de lumière (30) qui est agencée entre le premier substrat (10) et le second substrat (20) et distribue la lumière incidente sur celui-ci ; et d'une première électrode (40) et d'une seconde électrode (50) qui sont agencées de façon à enserrer la couche de distribution de lumière (30). La couche de distribution de lumière (30) comprend : une partie de structure en retrait et en saillie (31) qui a une pluralité de parties saillantes (32) ; et des parties de support optique (34) qui sont agencées dans une pluralité de parties en retrait (33) qui sont positionnées entre la pluralité de parties saillantes (32) et qui contiennent des molécules de cristaux liquides (35), tout en ayant un indice de réfraction qui est modifié au moyen de l'application d'une tension entre la première électrode (40) et la seconde électrode (50). Des parties de blocage de lumière (60) qui bloquent au moins une partie de la lumière incidente sont disposées sur le côté premier substrat (10) des parties de support optique (34) dans la pluralité de parties en retrait (33) ; et des surfaces de contact (60a) des parties de blocage de lumière (60) ont une rugosité de surface qui n'est pas supérieure à la longueur d'onde de la lumière visible, lesdites surfaces de contact (60a) étant en contact avec les parties de support optique (34).
PCT/JP2017/039041 2017-02-22 2017-10-30 Dispositif optique WO2018154850A1 (fr)

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JP2017-031404 2017-02-22
JP2017031404A JP2020064087A (ja) 2017-02-22 2017-02-22 光学デバイス

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5828494A (en) * 1994-05-18 1998-10-27 Stremple; Paul R. Glass panel unit for refracting and dispersing light
WO2014054574A1 (fr) * 2012-10-02 2014-04-10 シャープ株式会社 Film d'éclairage, rouleau pour film d'éclairage, vitre de fenêtre, écran en rouleau et persienne d'éclairage
WO2014147793A1 (fr) * 2013-03-21 2014-09-25 大日本印刷株式会社 Feuille d'éclairage, panneau d'éclairage, écran d'éclairage enroulable/déroulable et procédé de fabrication de feuille d'éclairage
WO2016157694A1 (fr) * 2015-03-27 2016-10-06 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Élément optique à cristaux liquides, et procédé de fabrication de cet élément

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5828494A (en) * 1994-05-18 1998-10-27 Stremple; Paul R. Glass panel unit for refracting and dispersing light
WO2014054574A1 (fr) * 2012-10-02 2014-04-10 シャープ株式会社 Film d'éclairage, rouleau pour film d'éclairage, vitre de fenêtre, écran en rouleau et persienne d'éclairage
WO2014147793A1 (fr) * 2013-03-21 2014-09-25 大日本印刷株式会社 Feuille d'éclairage, panneau d'éclairage, écran d'éclairage enroulable/déroulable et procédé de fabrication de feuille d'éclairage
WO2016157694A1 (fr) * 2015-03-27 2016-10-06 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Élément optique à cristaux liquides, et procédé de fabrication de cet élément

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