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WO2018153069A1 - 光学膜材和彩膜基板及其制作方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

光学膜材和彩膜基板及其制作方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018153069A1
WO2018153069A1 PCT/CN2017/102025 CN2017102025W WO2018153069A1 WO 2018153069 A1 WO2018153069 A1 WO 2018153069A1 CN 2017102025 W CN2017102025 W CN 2017102025W WO 2018153069 A1 WO2018153069 A1 WO 2018153069A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diverging
substrate
layer
divergent
color
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PCT/CN2017/102025
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许军
张青
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
合肥京东方光电科技有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 合肥京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US15/764,470 priority Critical patent/US10983383B2/en
Publication of WO2018153069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018153069A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
    • G02B5/0215—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having a regular structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G02F1/133516—Methods for their manufacture, e.g. printing, electro-deposition or photolithography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G02F1/133521—Interference filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
    • G02F1/133562—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements on the viewer side

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of optoelectronic technology, and in particular, to an optical film and a color film substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device.
  • the liquid crystal display mainly includes a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight module.
  • the liquid crystal display panel generally includes an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the color filter substrate.
  • the light emitted by the backlight module is usually divergent.
  • the line of sight is perpendicular to the panel.
  • the light received by the human eye is the light that is vertically incident on the liquid crystal layer in the backlight module, and the human eye can clearly see the picture on the panel.
  • the line of sight is tilted from the panel.
  • the light received by the human eye is the light that is obliquely incident on the liquid crystal layer in the backlight module. Since the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules is different in all directions, the light is vertical.
  • the refractive angle of the liquid crystal layer to the light is also different, so that the contrast of the picture seen by the human eye is deteriorated, and the color shift occurs, and the viewing angle is more Large, the worse the contrast, the more serious the color shift.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an optical film and a color film substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device, which can at least increase the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display or reduce the problem of color shift.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • embodiments of the present application provide an optical film comprising a substrate layer and a diverging layer, the substrate layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface,
  • the diverging layer is disposed on a second surface of the substrate layer, the diverging layer comprising a plurality of diverging structures arranged in an array, each of the diverging structures respectively for diverging from a first surface of the substrate layer Normally incident light.
  • the divergent structure comprises a first divergent structure and a second divergent structure overlying the first divergent structure, the second divergence structure having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the first divergent structure.
  • each of the first diverging structures has a first surface for bonding to the substrate layer and a second surface remote from the substrate layer, the first surface of the first divergent structure Rounded, the second surface of the first divergent structure is convex.
  • the second surface of the first diverging structure is a hemispherical surface.
  • the second divergent structure has a plurality of, the plurality of the second divergent structures are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first divergent structures, and the second divergent structure is configured to enable the second divergent structure
  • the light intensity of the light emitted by the divergent structure is a Lambertian cosine distribution.
  • first diverging structure and the second diverging structure are made of different materials and are respectively made of any one of the following materials:
  • Antimony pentoxide silicon dioxide, acrylic resin or epoxy resin.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a color filter substrate
  • the color film substrate includes a substrate, a color resist layer, and a diverging layer, wherein the color resist layer and the diverging layer are respectively located on both sides of the substrate
  • the color resist layer may be disposed between the substrate and the diverging layer
  • the color resist layer includes a plurality of color blocking blocks arranged in an array, the diverging layer including the plurality of color resists The blocks are arranged one by one corresponding to a plurality of divergent structures, each of the diverging structures respectively for diverging light rays that are perpendicularly emitted from the substrate.
  • the divergent structure comprises a first divergent structure and a second divergent structure overlying the first divergent structure, the second divergence structure having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the first divergent structure.
  • an orthographic projection of each of the color resist blocks on the substrate is located within a corresponding orthographic projection of the first divergent structure in the substrate.
  • each of the first diverging structures has a first surface for abutting the substrate and a second surface remote from the substrate, the first surface of the first diverging structure being circular, The second surface of the first diverging structure is a convex surface.
  • the second surface of the first diverging structure is a hemisphere.
  • the second divergent structure has a plurality of, the plurality of the second divergent structures are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first divergent structures, and the second divergent structure is configured to divergence from the second divergence
  • the light intensity of the light emitted by the structure is a Lambertian cosine distribution.
  • first diverging structure and the second diverging structure are made of different materials and are respectively made of any one of the following materials:
  • Antimony pentoxide silicon dioxide, acrylic resin or epoxy resin.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a display device, including a display panel, an optical film disposed on a light exiting side of the display panel, and a light-shielding side disposed on the light-incident side of the display panel
  • a display device including a display panel, an optical film disposed on a light exiting side of the display panel, and a light-shielding side disposed on the light-incident side of the display panel
  • a backlight module that provides parallel light
  • an exit direction of the parallel light is perpendicular to the display panel, wherein the optical film is the optical film.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides another display device, where the display device includes a display panel and a backlight module for providing parallel light, the display panel includes a color film substrate and an array substrate disposed on the box And a liquid crystal layer interposed between the color filter substrate and the array substrate, wherein an exit direction of the parallel light is perpendicular to the display panel, and the color filter substrate is the color filter substrate.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a method for fabricating a color filter substrate, and the manufacturing method includes:
  • the color resist layer Forming a color resist layer on one side of the substrate, the color resist layer comprising a plurality of color resist blocks;
  • the diverging layer Forming a diverging layer on the other side of the substrate or on the color resist layer, the diverging layer including a plurality of divergent structures disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of color blocking blocks, each of the diverging structures Used to divergent light rays that are perpendicularly emitted from the substrate.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a method for fabricating an optical film, the method comprising:
  • a diverging layer is formed on the second surface of the substrate layer, the diverging layer comprising a plurality of diverging structures, each of the diverging structures respectively for diverging light incident perpendicularly from the first surface of the substrate layer.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application has the beneficial effects that: by disposing a diverging layer on the light emitting side of the substrate, since the diverging layer includes a plurality of transparent divergent structures, the plurality of diverging structures and the color resisting block on the color resisting layer are A corresponding setting, through the divergent structure, diverges the light passing through the color block to a larger angular range, thereby increasing the visual viewing angle of the liquid crystal display.
  • the display panel using the color film substrate can
  • the backlight module provides parallel light. Since the backlight module provides parallel light, when the parallel light emitted by the backlight module is perpendicularly incident on the display panel, all the light vertically penetrates the liquid crystal layer, and the light passes through the corresponding position.
  • the divergent structure of the corresponding position diverges, and the light of the same divergent structure diverges to all directions is the same color, so the color of the light observed by the human eye from any position is the same, and the color shift can be avoided.
  • the phenomenon can eliminate the optical compensation film and reduce the cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a color filter substrate provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a divergent structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of another divergent structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic view of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an optical film material provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a divergent structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method for fabricating a color filter substrate according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart of another method for fabricating a color filter substrate according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process of a black matrix according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process of a black matrix according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process of a black matrix according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a process of fabricating a color resist layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 17 is a schematic diagram of a process of fabricating a color resist layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a process of fabricating a color resist layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a color filter substrate according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a process of forming a first divergent structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 21 is a schematic diagram of a process of forming a first divergent structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a process of forming a second divergent structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a process of forming a second divergent structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is a flow chart of a method for fabricating an optical film material according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the color filter substrate includes a substrate 10, a color resist layer 20, and a diverging layer 30, wherein the color resist layer 20 and the diverging layer 30 are disposed.
  • the color resist layer 20 and the diverging layer 30 are respectively located on both sides of the substrate 10.
  • the color resist layer 20 includes a plurality of color resist blocks 21 arranged in an array, and the diverging layer 30 includes one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of color resist blocks 21.
  • a plurality of divergent structures 31 are provided, each diverging structure 31 for diverging light rays that are perpendicularly emitted from the substrate 10.
  • each of the diverging structures 31 for diverging the light rays that are perpendicularly emitted from the substrate 10 means that each of the diverging structures 31 is capable of diverging light that is perpendicularly emitted from a certain area of the substrate 10, the area being located at the base 10 of the divergent structure 31.
  • each of the diverging structures 31 is capable of diverging light that is perpendicularly emitted from a certain area of the substrate 10, the area being located at the base 10 of the divergent structure 31.
  • the diverging layer By disposing a diverging layer on the light exiting side of the substrate, since the diverging layer includes a plurality of transparent divergent structures, the plurality of diverging structures are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the color resisting blocks on the color resisting layer, and the light passing through the color blocking block is transmitted through the diverging structure. Diverging to a larger range of angles increases the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display.
  • the display panel using the color film substrate can adopt a backlight module that provides parallel light. Since the backlight module provides parallel light, when the parallel light emitted by the backlight module is perpendicularly incident on the display panel, all the light penetrates vertically.
  • the liquid crystal layer After the light passes through the color block of the corresponding position, the light is diverged by the divergent structure of the corresponding position, and the light of the same divergent structure diverging to all directions is the same, so the color of the light observed by the human eye from any position is also In the same way, the phenomenon of color shift can be avoided, thereby eliminating the optical compensation film and reducing the cost.
  • the substrate 10 may be a transparent substrate, for example, a substrate made of a light-guided and non-metallic material having a certain firmness such as glass, quartz, or a transparent resin.
  • a color resist layer can also be disposed between the substrate and the diverging layer.
  • a black matrix 22 is further disposed on the substrate 10, and a black matrix 22 is disposed between adjacent color resist blocks 21.
  • the bulk structure 31 includes a first divergence structure 311 and a second divergence structure 312 overlying the first divergence structure 311, the second divergence structure 312 having a refractive index greater than that of the first divergence structure 311.
  • the refractive index of the second diverging structure 312 is greater than the refractive index of the first diverging structure 311, so that the light can be diverged as it passes through the second diverging structure 312, thereby increasing the viewing angle of the display panel.
  • Each of the first diverging structures 311 has a first surface disposed adjacent to the substrate 10 and a second surface remote from the substrate 10.
  • the first surface of the first diverging structure 311 is circular, and the second surface of the first diverging structure 311 is convex. .
  • the first divergent structure 311 is refracted at the second surface of the first diverging structure 311, since the second surface of the first diverging structure 311 is convex, the acute angle between the ray and the line perpendicular to the first surface increases. Large, allowing light to spread over a wide range of angles, thereby increasing the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2, with the orthographic projection of each color block 21 on the substrate 10 being within the orthographic projection of the corresponding first diverging structure 311 on the substrate 10, in conjunction with FIGS. 2 and 3. Thereby, all of the light transmitted through the color block 21 enters the diverging structure 31 corresponding thereto.
  • the orthographic projection of each color block 21 on the substrate 10 is inscribed with an orthographic projection of the corresponding first diverging structure 311 on the substrate 10.
  • the size of the first divergence structure 311 can be reduced while ensuring that all of the light rays passing through each of the color resist blocks 21 are all entered into the first divergence structure 311 corresponding thereto.
  • the thickness of the first diverging structure 311 gradually decreases from the middle to the edge such that the second surface of the first diverging structure 311 is convex.
  • the second surface of the first divergent structure 311 is a spherical crown surface, and the curvatures on the spherical surface are uniform, which is convenient for processing.
  • the second surface of the first diverging structure 311 is a hemispherical surface. Since the second surface is hemispherical, the diffusion effect of the first diverging structure 311 on the light can be enhanced, so that the light can diffuse into a larger angle range when entering the second diffusion structure 312, thereby further improving the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display. .
  • the plurality of second divergence structures 312 are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first divergence structures, and the plurality of second divergence structures 312 are respectively corresponding to the plurality of first divergence structures.
  • the arrangement may facilitate the design of the shape of the second diverging structure 312.
  • the second divergence structure is used to make the light intensity of the light emitted from the second divergent structure 312
  • the Lambert cosine distribution which is the Lambertian cosine distribution, refers to the cosine variation of the radiation intensity in a certain direction with the angle between the direction and the surface normal, which is expressed as the same perceived brightness when viewed from different directions.
  • Each of the second diverging structures 312 has a first surface and a second surface remote from the first surface of the second divergence structure 312, and the first surface of the second divergence 312 covers the second surface of the first divergence 311,
  • the light is diffused by the first diverging structure 311 into the second diverging structure 312, and then refracted at the second surface of the second diverging structure 312, the light is refracted from the second surface of the second diverging structure 312.
  • Strongly presented by the Lambertian cosine distribution so that when the light enters the observer's eyes at different angular positions, the viewer sees the same brightness at each position.
  • the side of the second diverging structure 312 away from the first diverging structure 311 may also be planar.
  • the orthographic projection of the second divergence structure 312 on the substrate 10 may also be a polygon, such as a rectangle.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 2, a broken line in the figure is a normal line of the second surface of the first divergent structure 311, and the other broken line is a normal line of the second surface of the second divergent structure 312, and the same divergent structure
  • the first divergent structure and the second divergent structure satisfy the following equation:
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 3 ,
  • the exit angle of the light on the surface of the first divergent structure 311 is ⁇ 1
  • the light is diverged in the second
  • the exit angle of the surface of the structure 312 is ⁇ 2
  • the incident angle of the light at the second surface of the second divergent structure 312 is ⁇ 3 such that light emerging from the surface of the second divergent structure 312 is parallel to the first divergence of the light.
  • the normal at the interface of the structure 311 and the second diverging structure 312 is refracted so that the light is distributed in a Lambertian cosine.
  • the light is refracted at the interface of the first divergence structure 311 and the second divergence structure 312, and the light follows the law of refraction, satisfying the equation:
  • n 1 ⁇ sin ⁇ 2 n 2 ⁇ sin ⁇ 1 ,
  • the light is refracted at the interface of the second divergent structure 312 and the air, and the light follows the law of refraction, satisfying the equation:
  • n 2 ⁇ sin ⁇ 3 n 0 ⁇ sin ⁇ 2 ,
  • n 1 is the refractive index of the first divergence structure 311
  • n 2 is the refractive index of the second divergence structure 312
  • n 0 is the refractive index of the air, n 0 ⁇ 1.
  • ⁇ 1 is the angle between the exit point of the light at the second surface of the first diverging structure 311 and the line connecting the center of the orthographic projection of the first diverging structure 311 on the substrate 10 and the second surface of the substrate 10
  • ⁇ 2 is the incident angle of the light at the second surface of the first diverging structure 311.
  • the sum of the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 3 is equal to the angle ⁇ 2 , and the refractive index of the first divergence structure 311 and the refractive index of the second divergence structure 312 and the shape of the second surface of the second divergence structure 312 may be ensured. Meet the conditions of the Lambertian cosine distribution.
  • the first diverging structure 311 and the second diverging structure 312 are made of different materials.
  • the first diverging structure 311 can be made of any of the following materials: tantalum pentoxide, silicon dioxide, acrylic, or epoxy.
  • the second diverging structure 312 may be made of any one of the following materials: tantalum pentoxide, silicon dioxide, acrylic resin or epoxy resin.
  • the acrylic resin may be polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the refractive index of the first divergence structure 311 should be smaller than the refractive index of the second divergence structure 312, so that the divergence structure 31 can diverge the light.
  • the optical film includes a substrate layer 510 and a diverging layer 530.
  • the substrate layer 510 has a first surface and a first surface.
  • the first surface is normally incident light.
  • the display device using the optical film can adopt a backlight module that provides parallel light. Since the backlight module provides parallel light, when the parallel light emitted by the backlight module is perpendicularly incident on the display device, all the light penetrates vertically.
  • the liquid crystal layer after the light passes through the color block of the corresponding position, the light is diverged by the divergent structure of the corresponding position, and the light of the same divergent structure diverging to all directions is the same, so the color of the light observed by the human eye from any position is also The same, can avoid the phenomenon of color shift, so that optical compensation can be omitted Reimbursement of film, reducing costs.
  • the substrate layer 510 can be made of a transparent material, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, cellulose triacetate (TI-Acetyl Cellulose, TAC film for short). )Wait.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • TI-Acetyl Cellulose TAC film for short.
  • the divergence structure 531 includes a first divergence structure 5311 and a second divergence structure 5312 covering the first divergence structure 5311, and a second divergence.
  • the refractive index of the structure 5312 is greater than the refractive index of the first diverging structure 5311.
  • the refractive index of the second diverging structure 5312 is greater than the refractive index of the first diverging structure 5311 to cause the light to diverge as it passes through the second diverging structure 312, thereby increasing the viewing angle of the display device.
  • Each of the first diverging structures 5311 has a first surface for bonding with the substrate layer 510 and a second surface remote from the substrate layer 510.
  • the first surface of the first diverging structure 5311 has a circular shape, and the first divergent structure
  • the second surface of the 5311 is convex.
  • the acute angle between the ray and the line perpendicular to the first surface increases. Large, allowing light to spread over a wide range of angles, thereby increasing the viewing angle of the display device.
  • first divergence structure 5311 and the second divergence structure 5312 For the specific structure of the first divergence structure 5311 and the second divergence structure 5312, reference may be made to the first divergence structure and the second divergence structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, which will not be described in detail herein.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display device includes a display panel 700 , an optical film 730 disposed on a light exiting side of the display panel 700 , and an optical film 730 disposed on the display panel 700 .
  • the backlight module 720 for providing parallel light on the light incident side, the direction of the parallel light is perpendicular to the display panel 700, wherein the optical film 730 is any one of the foregoing optical films.
  • the optical film comprises a substrate layer and a diverging layer, and since the diverging layer comprises a plurality of transparent divergent structures, the plurality of diverging structures and the color on the color resist layer in the display panel
  • the blocking blocks are arranged one by one, and the light passing through the color blocking block is diverged to a larger angular range by the diverging structure, thereby increasing the visual viewing angle of the display device. Since the backlight module provides parallel light, when the parallel light emitted by the backlight module is perpendicularly incident on the display panel in the display device, all the light vertically penetrates the liquid crystal layer, and the light passes through the color block of the corresponding position.
  • the divergent structure is diverged by the corresponding position, and the light of the same divergent structure diverging to all directions is the same, so the human eye
  • the color of the light observed from any position is also the same, which avoids the phenomenon of color shift, thereby eliminating the optical compensation film and reducing the cost.
  • the optical film 730 can be directly pasted on the light exiting side of the display panel 700 by means of bonding.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display device includes a display panel 800 and a backlight module 802 for providing parallel light.
  • FIG. 10 is provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the display panel 800 includes a color filter substrate 801 and an array substrate 802 disposed on the cartridge, and a liquid crystal layer 803 interposed between the color filter substrate 801 and the array substrate 802.
  • the direction in which the parallel rays are emitted is perpendicular to the display panel 800, and the color filter substrate 801 is the color filter substrate described above.
  • the diverging layer By disposing a diverging layer on the light exiting side of the substrate, since the diverging layer includes a plurality of transparent divergent structures, the plurality of diverging structures are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the color resisting blocks on the color resisting layer, and the light passing through the color blocking block is transmitted through the diverging structure. Diverging to a larger range of angles increases the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display.
  • the liquid crystal display adopts a backlight module that provides parallel light. Since the backlight module provides parallel light, when the parallel light emitted by the backlight module is perpendicularly incident on the display panel, all the light vertically penetrates the liquid crystal layer, and the light passes through.
  • the color shift phenomenon can eliminate the optical compensation film and reduce the cost.
  • the backlight module of the parallel light can eliminate the diffusion sheet compared to the backlight module that emits light, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal display.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method for fabricating a color filter substrate according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11 , the manufacturing method includes:
  • the color resist layer comprises a plurality of color resist blocks.
  • the diverging layer comprises a plurality of divergent structures arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of color blocking blocks, each diverging structure respectively for diverging light rays that are perpendicularly emitted from the substrate.
  • the diverging layer By disposing a diverging layer on the light exiting side of the substrate, since the diverging layer includes a plurality of transparent divergent structures, the plurality of diverging structures are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the color resisting blocks on the color resisting layer, and the light passing through the color blocking block is transmitted through the diverging structure. Diverging to a larger range of angles increases the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display.
  • the display panel using the color film substrate can adopt a backlight module that provides parallel light. Since the backlight module provides parallel light, when the parallel light emitted by the backlight module is perpendicularly incident on the display panel, all the light penetrates vertically.
  • the liquid crystal layer After the light passes through the color block of the corresponding position, the light is diverged by the divergent structure of the corresponding position, and the light of the same divergent structure diverging to all directions is the same, so the color of the light observed by the human eye from any position is also In the same way, the phenomenon of color shift can be avoided, thereby eliminating the optical compensation film and reducing the cost.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart of another method for fabricating a color filter substrate according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 12, the manufacturing method includes:
  • the substrate may be a transparent substrate, for example, a substrate made of a light-guided and non-metallic material having a certain firmness such as glass, quartz, or transparent resin.
  • the provided substrate can be cleaned in advance to ensure the cleaning of the substrate.
  • the color resist layer comprises a plurality of color resist blocks.
  • the color resist layer may include at least one of a red color block, a green color block, and a blue color block.
  • a black matrix is further disposed on one side of the substrate on which the color resist layer is disposed, and the black matrix is located between adjacent color resist blocks.
  • the step S22 may include:
  • a plurality of color resist blocks are respectively formed on the substrate on which the black matrix is formed.
  • a black matrix material 22a is coated on the substrate as shown in FIG.
  • the black matrix material 22a is exposed as shown in FIG.
  • the exposed black matrix material 22a is developed to remove a portion of the black matrix material 22a as shown in FIG. Bake can also be performed after development to finally form the black matrix 22.
  • a color resist material 21a is coated on the substrate 10 as shown in FIG.
  • the color resist material 21a is exposed as shown in FIG.
  • the exposed color resist material 21a is developed to remove a portion of the color resist material 21a as shown in FIG. Baking may also be performed after development to finally form a color block 21.
  • a plurality of different color resist blocks 21 are finally formed on the substrate by repeating the process of the color resist block 21.
  • the formation of the color resist layer can be performed by the prior art, which reduces production difficulty and saves cost.
  • each of the first diverging structures has a first surface disposed adjacent to the substrate and a second surface remote from the substrate, the first surface of the first diverging structure being circular, and the second surface of the first diverging structure being convex.
  • the second surface of the first divergent structure is a hemisphere. Since the second surface is hemispherical, the diffusion effect of the first diverging structure on the light can be enhanced, so that the light can diffuse into a larger angle range when entering the second diffusion structure, thereby further improving the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display.
  • the step S23 may include:
  • a first diverging material 311a is formed on the other side of the substrate 10.
  • a portion of the first diverging material 311a is removed to form a plurality of first diverging structures 311.
  • the first divergence structure 311 can be formed by a patterning process, wherein the patterning process can be a photolithography process.
  • the first diverging material 311a may be formed on the substrate 10 by evaporation.
  • the first diverging material 311a may be any of the following materials: antimony pentoxide, silicon dioxide, acrylic resin or epoxy resin.
  • the plurality of second divergent structures are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first divergent structures, and the second divergent structure is configured to cause the light intensity of the light emitted from the second divergent structure to be a Lambertian cosine distribution.
  • Each of the second diverging structures has a first surface and a second surface remote from the first surface of the second diverging structure, the first surface of the second diverging body covering the second surface of the first diverging body.
  • step S24 may include:
  • a second diverging material 312a is formed on a side of the substrate 10 on which the first diverging structure is formed.
  • a portion of the second diverging material 312a is removed to form a plurality of second diverging structures 312.
  • the second divergence structure 312 can be formed by a patterning process, wherein the patterning process can be a photolithography process.
  • the second diverging material may be any of the following materials: antimony pentoxide, silicon dioxide, acrylic resin or epoxy resin.
  • the first divergent structure and the corresponding second divergent structure satisfy the following equation:
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 3 ,
  • the exit angle of the light on the surface of the first divergent structure is ⁇ 1
  • the exit angle of the light on the surface of the second divergent structure is ⁇ 2
  • the incident angle of the light on the second surface of the second divergent structure is ⁇ 3
  • the light emitted from the surface of the second divergent structure is refracted parallel to the light at the interface of the first divergent structure and the second divergent structure
  • the normal of the time such that the intensity of the light emerging from the second divergent structure is a Lambertian cosine distribution.
  • the surface shape of the second surface of the second divergent structure may be determined by software simulation such that the light emerging from the second surface of the second divergent structure satisfies the equation
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 3 ,
  • a mask corresponding thereto can be fabricated, and a second divergent structure is formed by a patterning process based on the mask.
  • the color resist layer and the diverging layer are disposed on opposite sides of the substrate.
  • the color resist layer and the diverging layer may be disposed on the substrate.
  • the color resist layer may also be disposed between the substrate and the diverging layer.
  • FIG. 24 is a flow chart of a method for fabricating an optical film according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 24, the manufacturing method includes:
  • the substrate layer has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface.
  • the diverging layer includes a plurality of diverging structures, each diverging structure for diverging light incident perpendicularly from the first surface of the substrate layer.
  • the display device using the optical film can adopt a backlight module that provides parallel light. Since the backlight module provides parallel light, when the parallel light emitted by the backlight module is perpendicularly incident on the display device, all the light penetrates vertically.
  • the liquid crystal layer after the light passes through the color block of the corresponding position, the light is diverged by the divergent structure of the corresponding position, and the light of the same divergent structure diverging to all directions is the same, so the color of the light observed by the human eye from any position is also The same, can avoid the phenomenon of color shift, so that optical compensation can be omitted Reimbursement of film, reducing costs.
  • step S32 the process of forming the diverging layer on the second surface of the substrate layer can be referred to the aforementioned steps S23 to S24. It will not be detailed here.

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Abstract

一种光学膜材（730）和彩膜基板（801）及其制作方法、显示装置，属于液晶显示技术领域。彩膜基板（801）包括基底（10）、色阻层（20）、发散层（30），色阻层（20）和发散层（30）设置在基底（10）上，且色阻层（20）和基底（10）位于发散层（30）的同一侧，色阻层（20）包括阵列布置的多个色阻块（21），发散层（30）包括与多个色阻块（21）一一对应设置的多个发散结构（31），每个发散结构（31）分别用于发散从彩膜基板（801）垂直出射的光线，通过发散结构（31）将透过色阻块（21）的光线发散到一个更大的角度范围，从而增大了液晶显示器的可视视角。采用彩膜基板（801）的显示面板可以采用提供平行光线的背光模组（820），当背光模组（820）出射的平行光线垂直入射显示面板时，可以避免出现色偏的现象。

Description

光学膜材和彩膜基板及其制作方法、显示装置
本申请要求于2017年02月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710107788.X、发明名称为“光学膜材和彩膜基板及其制作方法、显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光电子技术领域，特别涉及一种光学膜材和彩膜基板及其制作方法、显示装置。
背景技术
液晶显示器由于众多优点成为被广泛应用的一种显示器件。液晶显示器主要包括液晶显示面板和背光模组，其中液晶显示面板一般包括阵列基板、彩膜基板及设置在阵列基板和彩膜基板之间的液晶层。
现有的液晶显示器，其背光模组发出的光通常都是发散状态的。当观看者正视液晶面板时，视线与面板垂直，此时人眼接收到的光线为背光模组中垂直射入液晶层的光线，人眼可以很清楚的看清面板上的画面。当观看者斜视液晶面板时，视线与面板之间倾斜，此时人眼接收到的光线为背光模组中倾斜射入液晶层的光线，由于液晶分子各个方向上的折射率不同，光线在垂直射过液晶层时和倾斜射过液晶层时存在光程差，因此液晶层对光线的折射角度也不同，使得此时人眼看到的画面的对比度变差，还会出现色偏，且视角越大，对比度越差，色偏也越严重。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种光学膜材和彩膜基板及其制作方法、显示装置，至少可以增大液晶显示器的视角或者减轻色偏的问题。所述技术方案如下：
一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光学膜材，所述光学膜材包括基材层和发散层，所述基材层具有第一表面和与所述第一表面相对的第二表面，所述发散层设置在所述基材层的第二表面上，所述发散层包括阵列布置的多个发散结构，每个所述发散结构分别用于发散从所述基材层的第一表面垂直入射的光线。
可选地，所述发散结构包括第一发散结构和覆盖在所述第一发散结构上的第二发散结构，所述第二发散结构的折射率大于所述第一发散结构的折射率。
可选地，每个所述第一发散结构均具有用于与所述基材层贴合的第一表面和远离所述基材层的第二表面，所述第一发散结构的第一表面呈圆形，所述第一发散结构的第二表面为凸面。
进一步地，所述第一发散结构的第二表面为半球面。
可选地，所述第二发散结构有多个，多个所述第二发散结构与所述多个第一发散结构一一对应设置，所述第二发散结构用于使从所述第二发散结构出射的光线的光强呈朗伯余弦分布。
可选地，所述第一发散结构和所述第二发散结构采用不同材料制成，且分别采用以下材料中的任意一种制成：
五氧化二铌、二氧化硅、丙烯酸树脂或环氧树脂。
另一方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种彩膜基板，所述彩膜基板包括基底、色阻层、发散层，所述色阻层和所述发散层分别位于所述基底的两侧，或者，所述色阻层也可以设置在所述基底和所述发散层之间，所述色阻层包括阵列布置的多个色阻块，所述发散层包括与所述多个色阻块一一对应设置的多个发散结构，每个所述发散结构分别用于发散从所述基底垂直出射的光线。
可选地，所述发散结构包括第一发散结构和覆盖在所述第一发散结构上的第二发散结构，所述第二发散结构的折射率大于所述第一发散结构的折射率。
可选地，每个所述色阻块在所述基底上的正投影均位于对应的所述第一发散结构在所述基底的正投影内。
可选地，每个所述第一发散结构均具有用于与所述基底贴合的第一表面和远离所述基底的第二表面，所述第一发散结构的第一表面呈圆形，所述第一发散结构的第二表面为凸面。
可选地，所述第一发散结构的第二表面为半球面。
进一步地，所述第二发散结构有多个，多个所述第二发散结构与所述多个第一发散结构一一对应设置，所述第二发散结构用于使从所述第二发散结构出射的光线的光强呈朗伯余弦分布。
可选地，所述第一发散结构和所述第二发散结构采用不同材料制成，且分别采用以下材料中的任意一种制成：
五氧化二铌、二氧化硅、丙烯酸树脂或环氧树脂。
又一方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种显示装置，所述显示装置包括显示面板、设置在所述显示面板的出光侧的光学膜材和设置在所述显示面板的入光侧的用于提供平行光线的背光模组，所述平行光线的出射方向与所述显示面板垂直，其中，所述光学膜材为前述的光学膜材。
再一方面，本申请实施例还提供了另一种显示装置，所述显示装置包括显示面板以及用于提供平行光线的背光模组，所述显示面板包括对盒设置的彩膜基板和阵列基板、夹设在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板之间的液晶层，所述平行光线的出射方向与所述显示面板垂直，所述彩膜基板为前述的彩膜基板。
再一方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种彩膜基板的制作方法，所述制作方法包括：
提供一基底；
在所述基底的一侧面上形成色阻层，所述色阻层包括多个色阻块；
在所述基底的另一侧面上或在所述色阻层上形成发散层，所述发散层包括与所述多个色阻块一一对应设置的多个发散结构，每个所述发散结构分别用于发散从所述基底垂直出射的光线。
又一方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种光学膜材的制作方法，所述制作方法包括：
提供一基材层，所述基材层具有第一表面和与所述第一表面相对的第二表面；
在所述基材层的第二表面上形成发散层，所述发散层包括多个发散结构，每个所述发散结构分别用于发散从所述基材层的第一表面垂直入射的光线。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是：通过在基底的出光侧设置发散层，由于发散层包括透明的多个发散结构，多个发散结构与色阻层上的色阻块一一对应设置，通过发散结构将透过色阻块的光线发散到一个更大的角度范围，从而增大了液晶显示器的可视视角。采用该彩膜基板的显示面板可以 采用提供平行光线的背光模组，由于背光模组提供的是平行光线，当背光模组出射的平行光线垂直入射该显示面板时，所有的光线都垂直穿透液晶层，光线在通过对应位置的色阻块后，被对应位置的发散结构发散，且同一发散结构发散到各个方向的光线颜色都是相同的，因此人眼从任意位置观察到的光线颜色也是相同的，可以避免出现色偏的现象，从而可以省去光学补偿膜，降低成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的彩膜基板的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种发散结构的放大示意图；
图3是图2的俯视图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种发散结构的俯视图；
图5是图2的放大示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种光学膜材的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种发散结构的示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种显示面板的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种彩膜基板的制作方法流程图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种彩膜基板的制作方法流程图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种黑矩阵的制作过程示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种黑矩阵的制作过程示意图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种黑矩阵的制作过程示意图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种色阻层的制作过程示意图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的一种色阻层的制作过程示意图；
图18是本申请实施例提供的一种色阻层的制作过程示意图；
图19是本申请实施例提供的一种彩膜基板的结构示意图；
图20是本申请实施例提供的一种第一发散结构的形成过程示意图；
图21是本申请实施例提供的一种第一发散结构的形成过程示意图；
图22是本申请实施例提供的一种第二发散结构的形成过程示意图；
图23是本申请实施例提供的一种第二发散结构的形成过程示意图；
图24是本申请实施例提供的一种光学膜材的制作方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
图1是本申请实施例提供的彩膜基板的结构示意图，如图1所示，该彩膜基板包括基底10、色阻层20、发散层30，其中，色阻层20和发散层30设置在基底10上，色阻层20和发散层30分别位于基底10的两侧，色阻层20包括阵列布置的多个色阻块21，发散层30包括与多个色阻块21一一对应设置的多个发散结构31，每个发散结构31分别用于发散从基底10垂直出射的光线。
其中，每个发散结构31分别用于发散从基底10垂直出射的光线是指，每个发散结构31能够发散从基底10的一定区域内垂直出射的光，该区域位于该发散结构31在基底10的正投影的范围内。
通过在基底的出光侧设置发散层，由于发散层包括透明的多个发散结构，多个发散结构与色阻层上的色阻块一一对应设置，通过发散结构将透过色阻块的光线发散到一个更大的角度范围，从而增大了液晶显示器的可视视角。采用该彩膜基板的显示面板可以采用提供平行光线的背光模组，由于背光模组提供的是平行光线，当背光模组出射的平行光线垂直入射该显示面板时，所有的光线都垂直穿透液晶层，光线在通过对应位置的色阻块后，被对应位置的发散结构发散，且同一发散结构发散到各个方向的光线颜色都是相同的，因此人眼从任意位置观察到的光线颜色也是相同的，可以避免出现色偏的现象，从而可以省去光学补偿膜，降低成本。
实现时，基底10可以为透明基板，例如采用玻璃、石英、透明树脂等具有一定坚固性的导光且非金属材料制成的基板。
在其他实施例中，色阻层也可以设置在基底和发散层之间。
如图1所示，基底10上还设有黑矩阵22，黑矩阵22设置在相邻的色阻块21之间。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种发散结构的放大示意图，如图2所示，发 散结构31包括第一发散结构311和覆盖在第一发散结构311上的第二发散结构312，第二发散结构312的折射率大于第一发散结构311的折射率。第二发散结构312的折射率大于第一发散结构311的折射率，则可以使得光线在穿过第二发散结构312时进行发散，从而增大显示面板的可视角度。
每个第一发散结构311均具有靠近基底10设置的第一表面和远离基底10的第二表面，第一发散结构311的第一表面呈圆形，第一发散结构311的第二表面为凸面。当光线穿过色阻层上的某一色阻块21并照射到与之对应的第一发散结构311中时，光线会垂直照射到第一表面并进入第一发散结构311，平行光线在穿过第一发散结构311时，在第一发散结构311的第二表面处发生折射，由于第一发散结构311的第二表面为凸面，光线与垂直于第一表面的直线之间所呈的锐角增大，使得光线扩散到一个较大的角度范围内，从而增大了液晶显示器的视角。
图3是图2的俯视图，结合图2和图3，每个色阻块21在基底10上的正投影均位于对应的第一发散结构311在基底10上的正投影内。从而使得所有透射过色阻块21的光线都进入到与之对应的发散结构31中。
可选地，每个色阻块21在基底10上的正投影内接于对应的第一发散结构311在基底10上的正投影。可以在保证通过每一个色阻块21的所有光线都会全部进入到与之对应的第一发散结构311中的同时，减小第一发散结构311的大小。
实现时，第一发散结构311的厚度从中间向边缘逐渐减小，从而使得第一发散结构311的第二表面为凸面。
可选地，第一发散结构311的第二表面为球冠面，球冠面上各处的曲率一致，方便进行加工。
可选地，第一发散结构311的第二表面为半球面。由于第二表面呈半球面，可以增强第一发散结构311对光线的扩散作用，使得光线进入到第二扩散结构312时能扩散到一个更大的角度范围内，从而可以进一步提高液晶显示器的视角。
可选地，第二发散结构312有多个，多个第二发散结构312与多个第一发散结构一一对应设置，将多个第二发散结构312与多个第一发散结构一一对应设置可以便于设计第二发散结构312的形状。
进一步地，第二发散结构用于使从第二发散结构312出射的光线的光强呈 朗伯余弦分布，呈朗伯余弦分布是指在某方向上的辐射强度随该方向和表面法线之间夹角的余弦变化，表现为从不同的方向观察时，所感知的亮度相同。每个第二发散结构312均具有第一表面和远离第二发散结构312的第一表面的第二表面，第二发散体312的第一表面覆盖在第一发散体311的第二表面上，当光线被第一发散结构311扩散后进入到第二发散结构312中，再在第二发散结构312的第二表面处发生折射，光线从第二发散结构312的第二表面折射出后，光强呈朗伯余弦分布，从而可以使光线进入位于不同角度位置的观察者眼中时，观察者在每个位置所看到的亮度都相同。
容易想到的是，第二发散结构312远离第一发散结构311的一面也可以是平面。
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种发散结构的俯视图，如图4所示，第二发散结构312在基底10上的正投影也可以为多边形，例如矩形。
图5是图2的放大示意图，图中的一条虚线为第一发散结构311的第二表面的一条法线，另一条虚线为第二发散结构312的第二表面的一条法线，同一发散结构中的第一发散结构与第二发散结构满足以下等式：
θ2＝θ1+α3，
其中，任意一条光线依次透过第一发散结构311的第二表面和第二发散结构312的第二表面时，光线在第一发散结构311的表面的出射角为θ1，光线在第二发散结构312的表面的出射角为θ2，光线在第二发散结构312的第二表面的入射角为α3，使得从第二发散结构312的表面出射的光平行于该条光线在第一发散结构311和第二发散结构312的界面上发生折射时的法线，从而使光线呈朗伯余弦分布。
如图5所示，光线在第一发散结构311和第二发散结构312的交界面上发生折射，光线遵循折射定律，满足等式：
n1·sinα2＝n2·sinθ1，
光线在第二发散结构312和空气的交界面上发生折射，光线遵循折射定律，满足等式：
n2·sinα3＝n0·sinθ2，
其中，n1为第一发散结构311的折射率，n2为第二发散结构312的折射率，n0为空气的折射率，n0≈1。
且
α1+α2＝90°，
其中，α1为光线在第一发散结构311的第二表面的出射点与第一发散结构311在基底10上的正投影的圆心的连线和基底10的第二表面之间的夹角，α2为光线在第一发散结构311的第二表面的入射角。
夹角θ1和夹角α3的和与夹角θ2相等，可以确保第一发散结构311的折射率和第二发散结构312的折射率、第二发散结构312的第二表面的形状可以满足朗伯余弦分布的条件。
实现时，第一发散结构311和第二发散结构312采用不同材料制成。
示例性地，第一发散结构311可以采用以下材料中的任意一种制成：五氧化二铌、二氧化硅、丙烯酸树脂或环氧树脂。此外，第二发散结构312可以采用以下材料中的任意一种制成：五氧化二铌、二氧化硅、丙烯酸树脂或环氧树脂。
其中，丙烯酸树脂可以是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
在选择第一发散结构311和第二发散结构312的材料时，需要保证第一发散结构311的折射率应小于第二发散结构312的折射率，以使得发散结构31能对光线进行发散。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种光学膜材的结构示意图，如图6所示，该光学膜材包括基材层510和发散层530，基材层510具有第一表面和与第一表面相对的第二表面，发散层530设置在基材层510的第二表面上，发散层510包括阵列布置的多个发散结构531，每个发散结构531分别用于发散从基材层510的第一表面垂直入射的光线。
通过在基材层的第二表面设置发散层，由于发散层包括透明的多个发散结构，通过发散结构将透过基材层的光线发散到一个更大的角度范围，从而将该光学膜材设置在显示装置上时可以增大显示装置的可视视角。采用该光学膜材的显示装置可以采用提供平行光线的背光模组，由于背光模组提供的是平行光线，当背光模组出射的平行光线垂直入射该显示装置时，所有的光线都垂直穿透液晶层，光线在通过对应位置的色阻块后，被对应位置的发散结构发散，且同一发散结构发散到各个方向的光线颜色都是相同的，因此人眼从任意位置观察到的光线颜色也是相同的，可以避免出现色偏的现象，从而可以省去光学补 偿膜，降低成本。
实现时，基材层510可以采用透明材质制成的膜层，例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(英文Polyethylene terephthalate，简称PET)膜、三醋酸纤维素(英文Tri-Acetyl Cellulose，简称TAC膜)等。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种发散结构的示意图，如图7所示，发散结构531包括第一发散结构5311和覆盖在第一发散结构5311上的第二发散结构5312，第二发散结构5312的折射率大于第一发散结构5311的折射率。第二发散结构5312的折射率大于第一发散结构5311的折射率可以使光线在穿过第二发散结构312时进行发散，从而增大显示装置的可视角度。
每个第一发散结构5311均具有用于与基材层510贴合的第一表面和远离基材层510的第二表面，第一发散结构5311的第一表面呈圆形，第一发散结构5311的第二表面为凸面。当光线穿过基材层510上的某一区域并照射到与该区域对应的第一发散结构5311中时，光线会垂直照射到第一表面并进入第一发散结构5311，平行光线在穿过第一发散结构5311时，在第一发散结构5311的第二表面处发生折射，由于第一发散结构5311的第二表面为凸面，光线与垂直于第一表面的直线之间所呈的锐角增大，使得光线扩散到一个较大的角度范围内，从而增大了显示装置的可视角度。
第一发散结构5311和第二发散结构5312的具体结构可以参照图1～5所示的第一发散结构和第二发散结构，此处不再详述。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的结构示意图，如图8所示，显示装置包括显示面板700、设置在显示面板700的出光侧的光学膜材730和设置在显示面板700的入光侧的用于提供平行光线的背光模组720，平行光线的出射方向与显示面板700垂直，其中，光学膜材730为前述的任一种光学膜材。
通过在显示面板的出光侧设置光学膜材，光学膜材包括基材层和发散层，由于发散层包括透明的多个发散结构，将多个发散结构与显示面板中的色阻层上的色阻块一一对应设置，通过发散结构将透过色阻块的光线发散到一个更大的角度范围，从而增大了显示装置的可视视角。由于背光模组提供的是平行光线，当背光模组出射的平行光线垂直入射该显示装置中的显示面板时，所有的光线都垂直穿透液晶层，光线在通过对应位置的色阻块后，被对应位置的发散结构发散，且同一发散结构发散到各个方向的光线颜色都是相同的，因此人眼 从任意位置观察到的光线颜色也是相同的，可以避免出现色偏的现象，从而可以省去光学补偿膜，降低成本。
在本实施例中，光学膜材730可以采用粘贴的方式直接粘贴在显示面板700的出光侧。
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的结构示意图，如图9所示，该显示装置包括显示面板800以及用于提供平行光线的背光模组802，图10是本申请实施例提供的一种显示面板的结构示意图，如图10所示，显示面板800包括对盒设置的彩膜基板801和阵列基板802、夹设在彩膜基板801和阵列基板802之间的液晶层803，平行光线的出射方向与显示面板800垂直，该彩膜基板801为前述的彩膜基板。
通过在基底的出光侧设置发散层，由于发散层包括透明的多个发散结构，多个发散结构与色阻层上的色阻块一一对应设置，通过发散结构将透过色阻块的光线发散到一个更大的角度范围，从而增大了液晶显示器的可视视角。该液晶显示器采用提供平行光线的背光模组，由于背光模组提供的是平行光线，当背光模组出射的平行光线垂直入射该显示面板时，所有的光线都垂直穿透液晶层，光线在通过对应位置的色阻块后，被对应位置的发散结构发散，且同一发散结构发散到各个方向的光线颜色都是相同的，因此人眼从任意位置观察到的光线颜色也是相同的，可以避免出现色偏的现象，从而可以省去光学补偿膜，降低成本。
平行光线的背光模组相比发散光线的背光模组，可以省去扩散片，从而降低液晶显示器的制作成本。
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种彩膜基板的制作方法流程图，如图11所示，该制作方法包括：
S11：提供一基底。
S12：在基底的一侧面上形成色阻层。
其中，色阻层包括多个色阻块。
S13：在基底的另一侧面上或在色阻层上形成发散层。
其中，发散层包括与多个色阻块一一对应设置的多个发散结构，每个发散结构分别用于发散从基底垂直出射的光线。
通过在基底的出光侧设置发散层，由于发散层包括透明的多个发散结构，多个发散结构与色阻层上的色阻块一一对应设置，通过发散结构将透过色阻块的光线发散到一个更大的角度范围，从而增大了液晶显示器的可视视角。采用该彩膜基板的显示面板可以采用提供平行光线的背光模组，由于背光模组提供的是平行光线，当背光模组出射的平行光线垂直入射该显示面板时，所有的光线都垂直穿透液晶层，光线在通过对应位置的色阻块后，被对应位置的发散结构发散，且同一发散结构发散到各个方向的光线颜色都是相同的，因此人眼从任意位置观察到的光线颜色也是相同的，可以避免出现色偏的现象，从而可以省去光学补偿膜，降低成本。
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种彩膜基板的制作方法流程图，如图12所示，该制作方法包括：
S21：提供一基底。
实现时，基底可以为透明基板，例如采用玻璃、石英、透明树脂等具有一定坚固性的导光且非金属材料制成的基板。
可选地，可以预先对提供的基底进行清理，保证该基底的清洁。
S22：在基底的一侧面上形成色阻层。
其中，色阻层包括多个色阻块。示例性地，色阻层可以包括红色色阻块、绿色色阻块和蓝色色阻块中的至少一种。
通常，基底的设置有色阻层的一侧面上还设有黑矩阵，黑矩阵位于相邻的色阻块之间。
示例性地，该步骤S22可以包括：
通过一次构图工艺在基底的一侧面上形成黑矩阵；
在形成有黑矩阵的基底上分别形成多种色阻块。
下面结合图13～15，具体说明形成黑矩阵的过程。首先，在基底上涂覆黑矩阵材料22a，如图13所示。对黑矩阵材料22a进行曝光，如图14所示。对曝光后的黑矩阵材料22a进行显影，以去除部分黑矩阵材料22a，如图15所示。在显影后还可以进行烘烤，以最终形成黑矩阵22。
下面结合图16～18，具体说明形成色阻层的过程。首先，在基底10上涂覆一种色阻材料21a，如图16所示。对该色阻材料21a进行曝光，如图17所示。对曝光后的色阻材料21a进行显影，以去除部分色阻材料21a，如图18所示。 在显影后还可以进行烘烤，以最终形成一种色阻块21。
如图19所示，通过重复色阻块21的制程，最终在基底上形成多种不同的色阻块21。可以通过现有技术进行色阻层的形成，降低生产难度，节省成本。
S23：在基底的另一侧面上形成多个第一发散结构。
其中，每个第一发散结构均具有靠近基底设置的第一表面和远离基底的第二表面，第一发散结构的第一表面呈圆形，第一发散结构的第二表面为凸面。
可选地，第一发散结构的第二表面为半球面。由于第二表面呈半球面，可以增强第一发散结构对光线的扩散作用，使得光线进入到第二扩散结构时能扩散到一个更大的角度范围内，从而可以进一步提高液晶显示器的视角。
示例性地，结合图20～21，该步骤S23可以包括：
在基底10的另一侧面上形成第一发散材料311a。
去除部分第一发散材料311a，以形成多个第一发散结构311。
实现时，可以通过构图工艺形成第一发散结构311，其中，该构图工艺可以是光刻工艺。
第一发散材料311a可以采用蒸镀的方式形成在基底10上。
可选地，第一发散材料311a可以采用以下材料中的任意一种：五氧化二铌、二氧化硅、丙烯酸树脂或环氧树脂。
S24：在多个第一发散结构上形成多个第二发散结构。
其中，多个第二发散结构与多个第一发散结构一一对应设置，第二发散结构用于使从第二发散结构出射的光线的光强呈朗伯余弦分布。
每个第二发散结构均具有第一表面和远离第二发散结构的第一表面的第二表面，第二发散体的第一表面覆盖在第一发散体的第二表面上。
进一步地，结合图22～23，该步骤S24可以包括：
在基底10的形成有第一发散结构的侧面上形成第二发散材料312a。
去除部分第二发散材料312a，以形成多个第二发散结构312。
实现时，可以通过构图工艺形成第二发散结构312，其中，该构图工艺可以是光刻工艺。
可选地，第二发散材料可以采用以下材料中的任意一种：五氧化二铌、二氧化硅、丙烯酸树脂或环氧树脂。
在形成第二发散结构后，第一发散结构与对应设置的第二发散结构满足以下等式：
θ2＝θ1+α3，
其中，任意一条光线依次透过第一发散结构的表面和第二发散结构的表面时，光线在第一发散结构的表面的出射角为θ1，光线在第二发散结构的表面的出射角为θ2，光线在第二发散结构的第二表面的入射角为α3，从第二发散结构的表面出射的光平行于该条光线在第一发散结构和第二发散结构的界面上发生折射时的法线，从而使得从第二发散结构的出射的光线的光强呈朗伯余弦分布。
在制作时，可以采用软件模拟的方式，确定出第二发散结构的第二表面的表面形状，使得从第二发散结构的第二表面上出射的光都满足等式
θ2＝θ1+α3，
在模拟出第二表面的形状后，可以制作出与之对应的掩膜板，并基于该掩膜板采用构图工艺制作出第二发散结构。
需要说明的是，虽然图13～23所示的实施例中，色阻层和发散层设置在基底的相反的两侧面上，在其他实施例中也可以将色阻层和发散层设置在基底的同一侧，即将色阻层也可以设置在基底和发散层之间。
图24是本申请实施例提供的一种光学膜材的制作方法的流程图，如图24所示，该制作方法包括：
S31：提供一基材层。
其中，基材层具有第一表面和与第一表面相对的第二表面。
S32：在基材层的第二表面上形成发散层。
示例性地，发散层包括多个发散结构，每个发散结构分别用于发散从基材层的第一表面垂直入射的光线。
通过在基材层的第二表面设置发散层，由于发散层包括透明的多个发散结构，通过发散结构将透过基材层的光线发散到一个更大的角度范围，从而将该光学膜材设置在显示装置上时可以增大显示装置的可视视角。采用该光学膜材的显示装置可以采用提供平行光线的背光模组，由于背光模组提供的是平行光线，当背光模组出射的平行光线垂直入射该显示装置时，所有的光线都垂直穿透液晶层，光线在通过对应位置的色阻块后，被对应位置的发散结构发散，且同一发散结构发散到各个方向的光线颜色都是相同的，因此人眼从任意位置观察到的光线颜色也是相同的，可以避免出现色偏的现象，从而可以省去光学补 偿膜，降低成本。
步骤S32中，在基材层的第二表面上形成发散层的过程可以参照前述步骤S23～S24。此处不再详述。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种光学膜材，其特征在于，所述光学膜材包括基材层和发散层，所述基材层具有第一表面和与所述第一表面相对的第二表面，所述发散层设置在所述基材层的第二表面上，所述发散层包括阵列布置的多个发散结构，每个所述发散结构分别用于发散从所述基材层的第一表面垂直入射的光线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学膜材，其特征在于，所述发散结构包括第一发散结构和覆盖在所述第一发散结构上的第二发散结构，所述第二发散结构的折射率大于所述第一发散结构的折射率。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光学膜材，其特征在于，每个所述第一发散结构均具有用于与所述基材层贴合的第一表面和远离所述基材层的第二表面，所述第一发散结构的第一表面呈圆形，所述第一发散结构的第二表面为凸面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光学膜材，其特征在于，所述第一发散结构的第二表面为半球面。
  5. 根据权利要求2～4任一项所述的光学膜材，其特征在于，所述第二发散结构有多个，多个所述第二发散结构与所述多个第一发散结构一一对应设置，所述第二发散结构用于使从所述第二发散结构出射的光线的光强呈朗伯余弦分布。
  6. 根据权利要求2～5任一项所述的光学膜材，其特征在于，所述第一发散结构和所述第二发散结构采用不同材料制成，且分别采用以下材料中的任意一种制成：
    五氧化二铌、二氧化硅、丙烯酸树脂或环氧树脂。
  7. 一种彩膜基板，其特征在于，所述彩膜基板包括基底、色阻层、发散层，所述色阻层和所述发散层分别位于所述基底的两侧，或者，所述色阻层设置在所述基底和所述发散层之间，所述色阻层包括阵列布置的多个色阻块，所述发散层包括与所述多个色阻块一一对应设置的多个发散结构，每个所述发散结构分别用于发散从所述基底垂直出射的光线。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的彩膜基板，其特征在于，所述发散结构包括第一发散结构和覆盖在所述第一发散结构上的第二发散结构，所述第二发散结构的折射率大于所述第一发散结构的折射率。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的彩膜基板，其特征在于，每个所述色阻块在所述基底上的正投影均位于对应的所述第一发散结构在所述基底的正投影内。
  10. 根据权利要求7～9任一项所述的彩膜基板，其特征在于，每个所述第一发散结构均具有靠近所述基底设置的第一表面和远离所述基底的第二表面，所述第一发散结构的第一表面呈圆形，所述第一发散结构的第二表面为凸面。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的彩膜基板，其特征在于，所述第一发散结构的第二表面为半球面。
  12. 根据权利要求8～11任一项所述的彩膜基板，其特征在于，所述第二发散结构有多个，多个所述第二发散结构与所述多个第一发散结构一一对应设置，所述第二发散结构用于使从所述第二发散结构出射的光线的光强呈朗伯余弦分布。
  13. 根据权利要求7～12任一项所述的彩膜基板，其特征在于，所述第一发散结构和所述第二发散结构采用不同材料制成，且分别采用以下材料中的任意一种制成：
    五氧化二铌、二氧化硅、丙烯酸树脂或环氧树脂。
  14. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括显示面板、设置在所述显示面板的出光侧的光学膜材和设置在所述显示面板的入光侧的用于提供平行光线的背光模组，所述平行光线的出射方向与所述显示面板垂直，其中，所述光学膜材为权利要求1～6任一项所述的光学膜材。
  15. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括显示面板以及用于提供平行光线的背光模组，所述显示面板包括对盒设置的彩膜基板和阵列基板、夹设在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板之间的液晶层，所述平行光线的出射方向与所述显示面板垂直，所述彩膜基板为权利要求7～13任一项所述的彩膜基板。
  16. 一种光学膜材的制作方法，其特征在于，所述制作方法包括：
    提供一基材层，所述基材层具有第一表面和与所述第一表面相对的第二表面；
    在所述基材层的第二表面上形成发散层，所述发散层包括多个发散结构，每个所述发散结构分别用于发散从所述基材的第一表面垂直入射的光线。
  17. 一种彩膜基板的制作方法，所述制作方法包括：
    提供一基底；
    在所述基底的一侧面上形成色阻层，所述色阻层包括多个色阻块；
    在所述基底的另一侧面上或在所述色阻层上形成发散层，所述发散层包括与所述多个色阻块一一对应设置的多个发散结构，每个所述发散结构分别用于发散从所述基底垂直出射的光线。
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