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WO2018152049A1 - Bioremédiation et transfert de masse à l'aide d'un garnissage en polyoléfine - Google Patents

Bioremédiation et transfert de masse à l'aide d'un garnissage en polyoléfine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018152049A1
WO2018152049A1 PCT/US2018/017760 US2018017760W WO2018152049A1 WO 2018152049 A1 WO2018152049 A1 WO 2018152049A1 US 2018017760 W US2018017760 W US 2018017760W WO 2018152049 A1 WO2018152049 A1 WO 2018152049A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packing
sheet
mass
tower
transfer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/017760
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Y. LANG
Original Assignee
Lantec Products, Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lantec Products, Inc filed Critical Lantec Products, Inc
Publication of WO2018152049A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018152049A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/30—Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
    • C02F3/108—Immobilising gels, polymers or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/109—Characterized by the shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/30276—Sheet
    • B01J2219/30292—Sheet rolled up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30466—Plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32206—Flat sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
    • B01J2219/32244—Essentially circular apertures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32279—Tubes or cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32483—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bioremediation systems such as bio-trickling scrubbers and biological wastewater treatment systems which utilize a polyolefin packing for creating a biofilm wherein bioremediation of fluids containing pollutants is effected.
  • bioremediation systems such as bio-trickling scrubbers and biological wastewater treatment systems which utilize a polyolefin packing for creating a biofilm wherein bioremediation of fluids containing pollutants is effected.
  • the present invention relates also to non-bioremediation mass transfer systems such as strippers and scrubbers, cooling towers, and oil/water separators.
  • Packed towers are used for mass transfer operations such as absorption, desorption, extraction, scrubbing, etc.
  • the function of the packing is to facilitate mass transfer between two fluid streams, usually moving countercurrent to each other. Efficiency and rate of mass transfer are enhanced by providing a large surface area in the packing to facilitate contact of the fluids and by breaking the liquid into very fine droplets to enhance mass transfer to a gas phase.
  • One of the most common usages of mass transfer packed towers is for the removal of Hydrogen-Sulfide (H 2 S) from gaseous effluents from industrial and municipal plants using biological means.
  • a typical bio-scrubber process for removing H 2 S is shown in Fig. 1.
  • bacterial or other microbial cultures are used to convert substrates such as pollutants or organic matter which may be suspended or dissolved in the liquid.
  • Typical applications include the removal of carbonaceous, nitrogenous, and phosphatic compounds from waste water and biosynthetic processes.
  • the cultures are commonly in the form of a thin film (a biofilm) supported on a biofilm support.
  • the biofilm support may comprise a plurality (sometimes thousands or millions) of small packing elements which are normally identical and randomly packed within the remediation apparatus. Further information on biological remediation is available on-line at www.lantecp.com.
  • the packing elements are normally shaped to give a large surface area to volume ratio, to give good liquid flow, and may comprise either random or structured packing.
  • An example of a random packing which is commonly used in such applications is Lanpac® which is sold by Lantec Products Inc., Agoura Hills, California, U.S.A. and is described in www.lantecp.com.
  • a structured packing could be used.
  • An example of a structured packing which is commonly used in such applications is HD-QPAC ® also described in www.lantecp.com.
  • Yet another common packing that is used is foam packing.
  • While structured packings are not as susceptible to occlusion as random packing, they are relatively more expensive to manufacture and to install. They may also be subject to channeling wherein the flow distribution of the fluid is not uniform over the entire body of the packing. Thus, the bioremediation efficiency of the packing is vitiated.
  • Foam has high surface area for mass-transfer and is suitable for use with gaseous effluents that contain less than 100 ppm of Hydrogen-Sulfide. However when the Hydrogen-Sulfide concentration is high, the foam packing tends to get plugged which reduces the efficiency of the tower. Further, the foam has a high resistance to the flow of the gas through it.
  • foam also leads to wicking and collection of water into channels due to surface tension of water, causing uneven distribution and further reducing the efficiency of the tower. Also, foam has very little structural strength. Thus it tends to collapse within itself when it is soaked with a heavy liquid such as water.
  • the HD-QPAC® As an improvement to foam packing, the HD-QPAC® has been designed for use in towers which can handle Hydrogen-Sulfide concentrations greater than 100 ppm.
  • the HD-QPAC® has a lower physical surface area compared to foam but is less susceptible to wicking. Therefore, in practice, the effective surface area is greater than that of foam.
  • the Hydrogen-Sulfide removal efficiency of HD-QPAC® is only moderately lower than that of foam despite its lower physical surface area.
  • Research conducted by the applicant's company and others indicates that retention time for HD-QPAC® is about 6 seconds versus 8 seconds for foam to achieve comparable
  • the HD-QPAC® has a lower resistance to the flow of gas through it.
  • users prefer to use the HD-QPAC® as a tower packing instead of foam.
  • the advantage of the HD-QPAC® is that maintenance costs to unplug the tower are reduced as frequent plugging of the tower is avoided.
  • Towers using HD-QPAC® also experience lower downtime resulting in greater capital utilization. Also they are off-line less frequently resulting in reduced odor nuisance complaints from the surrounding community.
  • the disadvantage is that HD- QPAC® is relatively more expensive than foam. Further a larger tower is required to provide the higher retention time required by the HD-QPAC® to achieve comparable Hydrogen-Sulfide removal efficiency.
  • CP sheet Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheet is rolled into a cylindrical structure.
  • the cylinder is then inserted into a cylindrical mass-transfer tower.
  • the open channels within the CP sheet function as flow-channels for the flow of the liquid and gas therein. Intimate contact of the liquid and gas is thus effected resulting in an improved mass-transfer between the liquid and gas.
  • stand-off projections are provided on one planar surface of the CP sheet.
  • the stand-off projections on the first planar surface create a helical cross-sectioned gap between the first and second planar surfaces of the CP sheet.
  • the standoff projections are configured as ribs.
  • the ribs on the first planar surface cooperate with the second planar surface of the CP sheet to create additional flow-channels.
  • the flow-capacity of the mass-transfer tower is economically increased.
  • a CP sheet with two layers of channels is used to economically increase the flow-capacity of the mass-transfer tower.
  • any of the CP sheets described above can be horizontally packed to form cubes or oblong structures with the open channels all oriented in the same direction to function as flow channels for the passage of the gas and liquid there-through.
  • the cubic or oblong configured packing can be utilized in a non- circular cross-sectioned mass-transfer tower.
  • the mass-transfer surface area of the packing can be increased by surface treating.
  • the surface of the CP sheet is roughened using water-soluble salts which are incorporated into the polyolefin resin mixture prior to the extrusion of the CP sheet.
  • the salts are dissolved in water to create indentations or pits or cavities on the surface of the CP sheet.
  • the area of the pitted surface is larger than the area of the non-pitted surface resulting in an increased surface area for mass-transfer between the liquid and gas.
  • Figure 1 is a process-diagram representation of a typical bio-remediation tower.
  • Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional representation of a mass-transfer tower of the prior art which uses a foam packing as the mass-transfer media.
  • the foam packing is configured as spirally wound (coiled) foam sheets arranged longitudinally within the tower shell.
  • Figure 3 is an isometric representation of a commercially available Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheet 10 which is used to create an improved packing.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional representation of flow channel 10c within the Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheet 10 shown in Fig. 3.
  • Figure 5 is an isometric representation of the Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheet shown in Fig. 3 which is rolled into a spirally coiled tube-like configuration to form Corrugated
  • Polypropylene Packing (CPP) 12 for use as an improved packing.
  • FIG 6 is a representation of a bioremediation tower 110 wherein the CPP 12 of Figure 5 are installed to provide an economical yet highly improved bioremediation process.
  • the CPP 12 are supported on support structures which also provide disengaging spaces between the packing.
  • FIG 7 is another representation of a bioremediation tower 110 wherein the CPP 12 of Figure 5 are installed to provide an economical yet highly improved bioremediation process. All of the CPP 12 are supported on a single support structure without disengaging spaces between the packing.
  • FIG 8 is another representation of a bioremediation tower 110 wherein the CPP 12 of Figure 5 are installed to provide an economical yet highly improved bioremediation process. All of the CPP 12 are supported on a single support structure. One or more layers of FID-QPAC® are provided between adjacent CPP 12 to create disengaging spaces between the sheets.
  • Figure 9a is an isometric representation of a Corrugated Polypropylene sheet 14 which is surface treated to create an improved packing with even greater bioremediation efficiency or greater mass-transfer efficiency compared to the commercially available non-surface treated Corrugated Polypropylene sheet described in the above figures.
  • Figure 9b is an isometric detail representation of the Corrugated Polypropylene sheet 14 of Figure 9a showing the reticulated foam structure of the packing body.
  • Figure 10a is an isometric representation of an economical double stacked Corrugated Polypropylene sheet 16 which has multiple layers of flow channels which may be used to create an improved packing.
  • Figure 10b is a cross-sectional representation of flow channels 16c within the double stacked Corrugated Polypropylene sheet 16 shown in Fig. 10a.
  • Figure 1 la is an isometric representation of another economical Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheet 18 which has external ribs 18r which function as flow channels when the CP sheet is coiled to create an improved packing.
  • CP Corrugated Polypropylene
  • Figure 1 lb is a cross-sectional representation of flow channels 18c within the ribbed Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheet 18 shown in Fig. 11a.
  • CP Corrugated Polypropylene
  • Figure 12 is an isometric representation of the Corrugated Polypropylene Packing (CPP) sheet 10 shown in Fig. 3 which is stacked into an oblong or cubic configuration 19 for use as an improved packing.
  • CPP Corrugated Polypropylene Packing
  • the term "mass-transfer tower” refers to any equipment that is used to facilitate the transfer of a chemical species from one fluid stream to another by a mass-transfer process such as diffusion, etc. with or without the use of a "packing" (defined below). Further, within the context of this description, the mass-transfer tower may incorporate colonies of live micro-organisms to metabolize certain chemical compounds which are deemed to be pollutants into harmless products of metabolization.
  • packing refers to any structure that is used in a mass-transfer tower to create generally intimate contact between two fluid streams to facilitate the transfer of a chemical species between the fluid streams by a mass-transfer process such as diffusion, etc.
  • mass transfer position refers to the positioning of the packing within the mass-transfer tower such that the first and second fluid streams can come into generally intimate contact with each other over the surface of the packing to facilitate the transfer of a chemical species from one fluid stream to another by a mass-transfer process such as diffusion, etc.
  • separation means refers to physical structure that is used to separate a first layer of packing from an adjacent layer of packing to create a "gas-disengaging space” (defined below) between adjacent layers of packing in a mass-transfer tower.
  • standard tower support refers to well-known physical structure that is commercially available to support packing within mass-transfer towers as described in Chemical Engineering handbooks, textbooks, and literature.
  • gas-disengaging space refers to the void space between the bottom of the physical structure that is used to support a layer of packing within the mass-transfer tower and the top of another layer of packing located below the support.
  • olefin refers to a chemical compound made up of hydrogen and carbon that contains one or more pairs of carbon atoms linked by a double bond and having the general formula "CnH 2n ". Olefins are also called alkenes. Examples of olefins are ethylene, propylene, butylene, etc.
  • polyolefin refers to any chemical polymer that is created using olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, etc as building blocks.
  • polypropylene refers to a chemical polymer that is created using propylene monomers as building blocks.
  • bioremediation tower refers to a mass-transfer tower wherein live micro-organisms are used to metabolize harmful organic pollutants contained in one of the fluid streams to less harmful chemicals such as carbon-dioxide and water.
  • Applicant's improved packing provides highly effective surface area and high mass transfer efficiency without the concomitant problems of wicking and plugging described above.
  • Applicant' improved packing is fabricated by coiling Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheets 10 into rolls 12 or stacking CP sheets into blocks 19 as described below.
  • CP sheets 10 are similar to commonly used corrugated cardboard packing sheets but are made of polypropylene rather than cardboard.
  • CP sheets 10 are commonly used for packing industrial and commercial items to protect them from damage during handling and transportation.
  • CP sheets 10 are available from commercial sellers such as www.interstateplastics.com and retailers such as Home Depot and others.
  • Figure 3 shows a CP sheet 10 as commonly available from the above mentioned sources.
  • CP 10 is generally available as rectangular sheets having a length "L” of 96 inches, a width "W” of 48 inches, and a thickness "T” which may vary between 0.125 to 0.25 inches.
  • the process for manufacturing the CP sheet 10 creates tube-like channels 10c which are open at both ends and which run longitudinally in the width "W" direction.
  • the thickness "T" corresponds to the width of the open channels which are generally square or rectangular in cross-section.
  • the open channels 10c could have any suitable cross-sectional shape such as circular, semi-circular, triangular, hexagonal, trapezoidal, etc.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional representation of one of open channels 10c which run longitudinally in the width "W" direction from end 10a to end 10b.
  • the applicant uses channels 10c as flow channels in his improved packing, wherein the flow of the liquid and gas occurs primarily within channels 10c as described below.
  • CP sheet 10 along its length "L” into a tubelike configuration (as shown in Figure 5) to create a spirally coiled Corrugated Polypropylene Packing (CPP) 12 having a length "W” and a diameter "D” which provides a snug fit of CPP 12 inside the tower.
  • CPP Corrugated Polypropylene Packing
  • FIG 6 is a representation of an improved bioremediation tower 100 (similar to that shown in Figure 2) wherein CPP 12 have been inserted for use as mass-transfer packing.
  • Improved bioremediation tower 100 comprises a vertical mass-transfer tower 110 wherein CPP 12 of Figure 4 are installed.
  • Tower 110 is a standard design counter-flow mass-transfer tower with a lower gaseous effluent inlet 114, a lower liquid effluent outlet 118, an upper cleaned gas outlet 116, and an upper clean liquid inlet 112.
  • CPP 12 is installed within tower 110 such that flow channels 10c of CPP 12 are generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of tower 110.
  • the polluted fouled air which may contain Hydrogen Sulfide and other pollutants is introduced through the lower inlet 114 while make-up water with added nutrients is recirculated from bottom outlet 118 to upper inlet 112 by a recirculation pump.
  • the make-up water is sprayed over CPP 12 which are located between upper inlet 112 and lower inlet 114.
  • the flowrate of make-up water is adjusted to provide a smooth, laminar flow downwards over the internal surfaces of flow channels 10c without impeding the flow of the foul air upwards through flow channels 10c. (See www.lantecp.com/products/hd-q- pac/biotricklingarticle/ for further details of operation of a typical bio-remediation tower.)
  • the gas and liquid flowrates are selected to minimize the wicking and plugging within channels 10c of CPP 12.
  • the velocity of the liquid stream over the surfaces of channels 10c of CPP 12 is maintained at approximately 1 foot per second. This assures that almost all the physical surface area of channels 10c of CPP 12 is utilized for mass-transfer. Very little of the physical surface area of CPP 12 is bypassed due to wicking of the liquid within CPP 12. Therefore the effective surface area of CPP 12 is almost equal to its physical surface area.
  • improved bioremediation tower 100 is increased relative to the prior art foam tower shown in Figures 1 and 2. Since the mass-transfer efficiency of improved bioremediation tower 100 is greater than that of the prior art bioremediation towers, less surface area and therefore a smaller quantity of packing is required compared to a prior art bioremediation tower.
  • a plurality of CPP 12 can be provided within tower 110 as shown in Figure 6.
  • Each CPP 12 or a smaller plurality of CPP 12 can be supported on support structure 120t within tower 110.
  • Support structure 120t can be a metal or non-metal structure which is capable of bearing the load of liquid laden CPP 12 while still providing enough open volume to function as a gas disengaging space 120v. Within gas disengaging space 120v, the gas and liquid separate before entering the upper and lower CPP 12 respectively.
  • Support structure 120t can be made of a suitable metal such as steel, aluminum, etc. or a suitable non-metal such as plastic, wood, concrete, fiberglass, or other fiber-reinforced plastic. In actual practice it is recommended that support structure 120t also be designed to support the weight of personnel who may stand on it during the initial installation of CPP 12 or during subsequent maintenance operations.
  • Standard tower support structure such as those commercially available from suppliers such as Koch
  • FIG. 8 An alternative arrangement of tower 100 is shown in Figure 8 wherein a layer of HD- QPAC® 120q is sandwiched between adjacent CPP 12 to provide the advantages of both CPP 12 and FID-QPAC® in a single bioremediation or mass-transfer tower.
  • FID-QPAC® layer 120q will function not only in its normal capacity as a bio-environment or mass-transfer element but also as the disengaging space between adjacent coiled CPP sheets to reduce wicking as described above.
  • This arrangement also has the added advantage of eliminating the relatively expensive intermediate support structure 120t shown in Figure 6.
  • the bioremediation and mass-transfer can be greatly enhanced by increasing the surface area of the Corrugated Polypropylene sheets that is available for creating the bio-film and for mass-transfer.
  • the surface area of the Corrugated Polypropylene sheets can be easily increased by adding water-soluble salt crystals, such as Sodium Chloride
  • cavities 14v are made deep enough, then some of the cavities will form holes 14h in the solid polypropylene structure of surface treated CP sheet 14 to create a porous foam -like structure (or reticulated structure or a matrix or a "Swiss-cheese” structure). Holes 14h will be randomly distributed in the polypropylene body of CP sheet 14.
  • the hole size easily can be controlled by controlling the size of the water-soluble salt crystals in the extrusion process.
  • the surface area and porosity of surface enhanced CP sheet 14 can be easily controlled by varying the proportions of water-soluble salt crystals and resins in the extrusion process.
  • holes 14h can provide cross-channel flow within the CPP and thereby improve the intimate contact between the gas and liquid and enhance mass-transfer within the CPP. Thus the holes will improve the overall mass-transfer efficiency of the CPP.
  • the holes also provide alternate flow pathways for the liquid and gas between the flow- channels should a flow-channel be clogged due to deposition of precipitated solids therein.
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b show a representation of an economical double stacked Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheet 16 which has multiple layers of flow channels 16c which may be used to create an improved packing. Less polypropylene is required for this configuration without vitiating its function as an improved packing.
  • CP Corrugated Polypropylene
  • FIG. 3 Yet another economical design is obtained by modifying CP 10 shown in Fig. 3 by providing stand-off projections on one of its planar surfaces.
  • this modified CP sheet is coiled as described above for CPP 12
  • these projections create a generally helically-cross-sectioned flow space within the coiled sheet wherein intimate contact between the gas and liquid can take place to facilitate mass-transfer.
  • the stand-off projections could take any suitable shape such as interrupted ribs, short columns, etc.
  • Figures 1 1a and 1 lb show a representation of an economical Corrugated Polypropylene (CP) sheet 18 which has external ribs 18r which will function as flow channels when CP sheet 18 is coiled as described above for CPP 12.
  • CP Corrugated Polypropylene
  • the improved packing described herein has several advantages over the foam packing and HD-QPAC® packing of the prior art. For example, since channels 10c are linear, the velocity of the liquid over the internal surface of channels 10c can be increased to remove easily excess buildup of biofilm or other chemical precipitates which may be impeding the flow of the liquid and gas through the channels.
  • Yet another aspect of using the coiled CP sheet packing described herein is that it will be much easier to dislodge built-up sulfur and biofilm by spraying with liquid because the flow channels are straight compared to the tortuous flow channels in foam media or HD QPAC®. This is an important operational feature in bioscrubbers with high hydrogen sulfide loading where generally there is much sulfur-buildup in the bottom layers. With the coiled CP sheet packing described herein, it will be easy to clean those layers if access is designed into the tower.
  • spirally coiled CP sheets 10 may be used in other mass-transfer tower applications such as absorbers, desorbers, scrubbers, distillation columns, etc. Such applications will be obvious to persons having ordinary skill in the art.
  • a plurality of CP sheets 10 can be stacked to form blocks 19 which can be installed in towers with a rectangular footprint.
  • block 19 can be cut as needed to fit the periphery void spaces between the free edge of a rolled CP sheet and the inner diameter of the tower.
  • block 19 can be cut to form a cylindrical flow core to fit the central void space of a round tower instead of installing a central non-flow core as described above.
  • Blocks 19 are installed so that the liquid and gas can flow vertically downwards and upwards respectively within channels 10c.
  • Such applications will be obvious to persons having ordinary skill in the art. It will also be obvious to use surface-enhanced sheets (CP 14) or double stacked sheets (CP 16) or ribbed sheets (CP 18) to form blocks 19 to enable more efficient mass-transfer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Dans la présente invention, un garnissage de transfert de masse amélioré est créé en enroulant une feuille de polypropylène ondulé (CP) disponible commercialement en une structure cylindrique qui est ensuite insérée dans une tour de transfert de masse cylindrique. Les canaux ouverts au sein de la feuille de CP fonctionnent en tant que canaux d'écoulement pour l'écoulement du liquide et du gaz en son sein pour fournir un contact intime entre le liquide et le gaz pour un transfert de masse. Une variante de réalisation économique du garnissage de transfert de masse amélioré utilise des saillies d'espacement telles que des nervures pour augmenter la capacité d'écoulement de la tour de transfert de masse. Une autre variante de réalisation économique du garnissage de transfert de masse amélioré utilise une feuille de CP avec deux couches de canaux ouverts pour augmenter la capacité d'écoulement de la tour de transfert de masse. En outre, dans n'importe lequel de ces modes de réalisation du garnissage de transfert de masse amélioré, la surface spécifique de transfert de masse du garnissage peut être accrue par un traitement de surface de la surface de la feuille de CP pour fournir des creux et des cavités sur la feuille de CP.
PCT/US2018/017760 2017-02-14 2018-02-12 Bioremédiation et transfert de masse à l'aide d'un garnissage en polyoléfine WO2018152049A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN111018093A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 柏中环境科技（上海）有限公司 可以实现分层和接近真正推流条件的反应器及其处理方法

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US4471014A (en) * 1981-06-30 1984-09-11 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Ordered bed packing module
US4950430A (en) * 1986-12-01 1990-08-21 Glitsch, Inc. Structured tower packing
US5523062A (en) * 1994-11-03 1996-06-04 Chemical Research & Licening Company Catalytic distillation distribution structure
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US20070023936A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2007-02-01 Swaminathan Sunder Alternating conventional and high capacity packing within the same section of an exchange column
US20110127215A1 (en) * 2009-12-01 2011-06-02 Imet Corporation Method and apparatus for the bio-remediation of aqueous waste compositions

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US4471014A (en) * 1981-06-30 1984-09-11 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Ordered bed packing module
US4950430A (en) * 1986-12-01 1990-08-21 Glitsch, Inc. Structured tower packing
US5523062A (en) * 1994-11-03 1996-06-04 Chemical Research & Licening Company Catalytic distillation distribution structure
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US20070023936A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2007-02-01 Swaminathan Sunder Alternating conventional and high capacity packing within the same section of an exchange column
US20110127215A1 (en) * 2009-12-01 2011-06-02 Imet Corporation Method and apparatus for the bio-remediation of aqueous waste compositions

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111018093A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 柏中环境科技（上海）有限公司 可以实现分层和接近真正推流条件的反应器及其处理方法

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