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WO2018038666A1 - Films homogènes barrières à base de gluten de blé - Google Patents

Films homogènes barrières à base de gluten de blé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018038666A1
WO2018038666A1 PCT/SE2017/050844 SE2017050844W WO2018038666A1 WO 2018038666 A1 WO2018038666 A1 WO 2018038666A1 SE 2017050844 W SE2017050844 W SE 2017050844W WO 2018038666 A1 WO2018038666 A1 WO 2018038666A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheat gluten
based film
film
gluten
paperboard
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2017/050844
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William NEWSON
Mikael Hedenqvist
Therese Johansson
Mikael GÄLLSTEDT
Henrik Ullsten
Henrik Pettersson
Original Assignee
Lantmännen Ek För
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lantmännen Ek För filed Critical Lantmännen Ek För
Publication of WO2018038666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018038666A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/24—Calendering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/28—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2003/00—Use of starch or derivatives as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/253—Preform
    • B29K2105/256—Sheets, plates, blanks or films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2711/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wheat gluten-based films, and in particular to the field of homogenous wheat gluten-based films.
  • Wheat gluten is a by-product from bioethanol production from wheat starch, and is in ample supply. Attempts have been made at producing wheat gluten-based films for e.g. food packaging applications.
  • the quality of wheat gluten-based films depends on several manufacturing and composition parameters, e.g. applied mechanical energy, shear impact, applied pressure, plasticizer type and content, processing time and temperature. These parameters influence protein conformational changes, chemical cross-linking and aggregation during feedstock processing.
  • Wheat gluten-based films have been produced in accordance with e.g. US patent 8,652,600, wherein a plant protein is treated with a composition comprising a nitrogen-containing compound selected from e.g. the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonia, a quaternary ammonium salt, urea, and ammonium chloride.
  • a nitrogen-containing compound selected from e.g. the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonia, a quaternary ammonium salt, urea, and ammonium chloride.
  • the alkaline nitrogen-containing compound forces plant protein into extensive aggregation when extruding films, due to the high pH. This positively influences the homogeneity, such as low porosity, and quality of the extruded polymer (US patent 8,652,600, column 2, lines 15-20).
  • the invention provides wheat gluten-based films characterized in their homogeneity, defined as the films being devoid of pores and hence withstanding staining through of the film, using a coloured turpentine during 30 minutes, i.e. the films fulfilling the standard
  • Tappi 454 Film homogeneity requires an optimal combination of high melt strength and low melt viscosity, which prevents leakage from the wheat gluten-based film through pores. This is controlled by having a suitable amount of disulphide crosslinks and hence a suitable degree of protein aggregation. Crosslinking may in accordance with the invention be controlled by the addition of a reducing agent, hence cutting a certain amount of disulphide bonds.
  • a wheat gluten-based film is defined herein as a film comprising at least 40 % by weight of wheat gluten, counted on the total weight of the film.
  • the wheat gluten-based films provided comprise 40-90% by weight of wheat gluten, 10-50 % by weight of a plasticizer (e.g. glycerol), and optionally 0,05 - 10 % by weight of a reducing agent (e.g. sodium sulphite), whereby the sum of the individual component percentages may not exceed 100 %.
  • a plasticizer e.g. glycerol
  • a reducing agent e.g. sodium sulphite
  • wheat gluten-based films in the thickness range of from 1 to 2000 micrometers are provided.
  • an intermediate is provided through preparing a feedstock comprising 40 - 90 % by weight of wheat gluten, and 10 - 50 % by weight of glycerol plasticizer, optionally with an addition of 0.01 - 10 % by weight of a reducing agent, whereby the sum of the individual component percentages may not exceed 100 %.
  • the feedstock is extruded, whereupon it is heat calendered or compression moulded in at least one step to provide a homogeneous wheat gluten-based film.
  • the heat calendering moreover facilitates obtaining a wheat gluten-based film of desired thickness.
  • a wheat gluten-based film which is characterized in that it is homogenous.
  • Homogeneity is herein defined as films being devoid of pores and hence withstanding staining through of the film using a coloured turpentine during 30 minutes, i.e. the wheat gluten-based films of the invention fulfilling the standard Tappi 454.
  • homogeneity was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
  • the wheat gluten-based film or feedstock may be substantially devoid of any nitrogen- containing compound, other than the gluten itself.
  • the gluten-based film or feedstock does not contain urea.
  • the gluten-based film does not contain any nitrogen-containing compound other than the gluten itself.
  • the wheat gluten-based film may have a thickness in an interval created from and to any of the thicknesses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 micrometers, or 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 320, 340, 360, 380, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900 and 2000 micrometers, whereby intervals are created such that the lower figure is the starting point and the higher figure the end point of the interval.
  • the wheat gluten-based film may have a thickness of from 1 to 2000 micrometers e.g. from 5 to 250 micrometers or from 50 to 100 micrometers. Suitable thicknesses may be provided through the calendering process described herein.
  • compositions', films' or feedstocks' component parts are disclosed as percentage by weight intervals, it should be understood that the sum of the individual component parts' percentages may not exceed 100 %.
  • the wheat gluten-based film may comprise 40 - 90 % by weight of wheat gluten, e.g. 40 - 90, 45 - 80, 50 - 75, or 60 - 70 % by weight, and a plasticizer, whereby the sum of the individual components' parts percentages may not exceed 100 %.
  • Commercial wheat gluten has a protein content of ca. 80 % by weight (conversion factor 5.7 x N). The water content depends on the environment, and is ca. 7 % by weight at 50 % relative humidity. Wheat gluten is rarely, if ever, processed in a dry state. However, for the sake of clarity, calculations and concentrations of wheat gluten disclosed herein are based on dry wheat gluten.
  • the wheat gluten-based film may comprise a plasticizer.
  • Hydroxy-functional substances are, to various degrees, suitable plasticizers for proteins.
  • Alternative plasticizers to the effective glycerol are trimethylolpropane, which also has three hydroxyl groups (slightly larger molecule than glycerol), and also substances with two hydroxyl groups (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol and 1,4-butanediol).
  • Plasticizers used in accordance with the invention include e.g. glycerol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and/or 1,4- butanediol.
  • a single plasticizer from the list may be made use of, or alternatively plasticizers may be combined. The person skilled in the art is able to make such combinations depending on the processing characteristics and final product desired to be obtained. Additional plasticizers may be contemplated to be used in accordance with the invention, and the choice of plasticizer(s) is well within the capabilities of the person skilled in the art.
  • the wheat gluten-based film may comprise 10 - 50 % by weight of the plasticizer, up to a components' parts total of 100%.
  • the interval of plasticizer contained in the wheat gluten- based film may be formed from 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50% by weight, whereby the lower value is the starting point and the higher value the interval's end-point.
  • the plasticizer reduces the film's brittleness, whereby packaging manufacturing (converting) is facilitated and quality of packaging improved.
  • a plasticizer (e.g. glycerol) contained in the wheat gluten-based film also enables the film to be heat welded.
  • a preferred plasticizer is glycerol, since it is available at a low cost on the world market, as a by-product from biodiesel production. Use of glycerol in accordance with the invention facilitates the provision of a reasonable-cost packaging product.
  • the wheat gluten-based film advantageously comprises a reducing agent.
  • the reducing agent may be a reducing agent as exemplified herein.
  • the reducing agent reduces the number of disulphide bonds during processing, which lowers the viscosity and makes the wheat gluten extrusion, calendering, compression moulding and other subsequent plastic processing techniques easier.
  • the reducing agent also indirectly reduces the number of pores generated during processing.
  • the reducing agent may be a non-nitrogen containing reducing agent.
  • Reducing agent(s) may be chosen from the group comprising or consisting of sodium sulphite, potassium sulphite, calcium sulphite, sodium bisulphite, potassium bisulphite, calcium bisulphite, DL-dithiothreitol, and 2-mercaptoethanol.
  • the reducing agent may be present in a concentration of 0.01 - 10 % by weight, e.g. 0.3 - 3 % by weight.
  • the reducing agent(s) e.g. dithiothreitol, sodium sulphite, potassium sulphite, calcium sulphite, sodium bisulphite, potassium bisulphite, calcium bisulphite, or 2-mercaptoethanol, may be present in the wheat gluten-based film in an amount of 0.01 - 10% by weight, or 0.3 to 3 % by weight, up to a components' parts total of 100 %.
  • the interval may be created from the individual points 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.20; 0.25; 0.30; 0.35; 0.40; 0.45; 0.50; 0.55; 0.60; 0.65; 0.70; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; and 10 % by weight of the wheat gluten-based film, with the chosen lower value representing the interval's starting point and the chosen higher value representing the interval's end point.
  • the wheat gluten-based film disclosed herein has improved oxygen barrier characteristics.
  • US patent 8,652,600 a state of the art gluten based film having an oxygen permeability of ⁇ 4 cm 3 x mm/(atm x m 2 x 24 h) at 0 %RH (relative humidity) was described.
  • Extruded wheat gluten with only glycerol added 70/30 wheat gluten/glycerol
  • Properties of Extruded Vital Wheat Gluten Sheets with Sodium Hydroxide and Salicylic Acid N. H. Ullsten, S. W. Cho, G. Spencer, M. Gallstedt, E. Johansson, and M. S. Hedenqvist, Biomacromolecules 10 (2009) 479-488.
  • the wheat gluten-based film as disclosed herein provides an oxygen permeability of under 2 cm 3 x mm/(atm x m 2 x 24 h), at 50 % RH, e.g. 1.5 - 2 cm 3 x mm/(atm x m 2 x 24 h), at 50 % RH.
  • a testing environment of 50% RH is a much tougher environment, compared to testing at 0% RH.
  • the wheat gluten-based film may be used as a fat barrier.
  • the wheat gluten-based film has fat barrier characteristics such that it is not stained through using a coloured turpentine during 30 minutes. That is to say it fulfils the standard Tappi 454.
  • the oxygen and fat barrier characteristics make the wheat gluten-based film suitable for e.g. food packaging purposes.
  • a water barrier may need to be added between the wheat gluten-based film and the moist contents.
  • the wheat gluten-based film may on at least one side of the film be provided with an additional film, e.g. a water barrier film.
  • Said additional film e.g. water barrier film, may be present on both sides of the wheat gluten-based film.
  • the additional film(s) may provide additional mechanical strength to the wheat gluten-based film, and reduce the glycerol content otherwise needed for film toughness.
  • a water barrier film may have the additional function of preventing glycerol from leaking from the wheat gluten-based film.
  • the water barrier film may comprise or consist of polyolefin(s), or a polyester(s).
  • polyolefins are polypropylene and polyethylene, but also other state of the art polyolefins are contemplated to be used.
  • polyesters are polylactic acid and
  • polyhydroxyalkanoate but also other state of the art polyesters are contemplated to be used.
  • Polymers of the various polymer groups mentioned may be made use of individually, or in combination with each other.
  • the wheat gluten-based film will be coated onto paper or paperboard.
  • the coating is a homogenous wheat gluten-based film as described herein.
  • the paper or paperboard may have a pre-coating, e.g. chalk and/or clay (e.g. talc or kaolin), to provide a smooth surface underneath the wheat gluten-based film. This improves the surface's evenness and compactness, making it a better substrate for the wheat gluten-based film.
  • a pre-coating e.g. chalk and/or clay (e.g. talc or kaolin)
  • talc or kaolin e.g. talc or kaolin
  • the coated paper or paperboard may have a coating of an additional film layer present on top of the wheat gluten-based film, or on both sides of the wheat gluten-based film.
  • the additional film layer(s) may be water barrier film(s). The effects of such additional film layer(s) are as described above in the context of the sole wheat gluten-based film.
  • the additional film layer(s) may comprise or consist of polyolefin(s) or polyester(s).
  • polyolefins are polypropylene and polyethylene, but also other state of the art polyolefins are contemplated to be used.
  • polyesters are polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoate, but also other state of the art polyesters are contemplated to be used. Polymers of the various polymer groups mentioned may be made use of individually, or in combination with each other.
  • a feedstock suitable for further processing to a homogenous wheat gluten film is provided.
  • the feedstock comprises 40 - 90 % by weight of wheat gluten, and 10 - 50 % by weight ofplasticizer, whereby the sum of the individual components' parts percentages may not exceed 100 %.
  • the plasticizer reduces the viscosity of the gluten melt and the brittleness of the film produced.
  • said feedstock comprises 50 - 80 % by weight of wheat gluten, 17 - 50 % by weight of plasticizer, and 0.01 - 10 % by weight of a reducing agent (e.g. as defined above), whereby the sum of the individual components' parts percentages may not exceed 100 %.
  • a reducing agent e.g. as defined above
  • said feedstock comprises 60 - 70 % by weight of wheat gluten, 30 - 40 % by weight of plasticizer, and 0.5 - 2 % by weight of a reducing agent (e.g as defined above) whereby the sum of the individual components' parts percentages may not exceed 100 %.
  • a reducing agent e.g as defined above
  • the percentages of the component parts of wheat gluten, plasticizer and reducing agent (e.g. as defined above), as applicable, of the feedstock, may be directly translated from the commensurate percentages of the wheat gluten-based film.
  • the feedstock may comprise 40 - 90 % by weight of wheat gluten, e.g. 40 - 85, 45 - 80, 50 - 75, or 60 - 70 % by weight, whereby the sum of the individual components' parts percentages may not exceed 100 %.
  • the interval of plasticizer contained in the feedstock may be formed from 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 % by weight, whereby the lower value is the starting point and the higher value the interval's end-point, whereby the sum of the individual components' parts percentages of the feedstock may not exceed 100 %.
  • Suitable plasticizer(s) to be used in accordance with the invention include e.g. glycerol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and/or 1,4-butanediol.
  • the reducing agent(s) used may be e.g. sodium sulphite, potassium sulphite, calcium sulphite, sodium bisulphite, potassium bisulphite, calcium bisulphite, DL-dithiothreitol, or 2- mecaptoethanol, and may be present in the feedstock in an amount of 0.01 - 10% by weight, or 0.3 to 3 % by weight, up to a components' parts total of 100 %.
  • the interval may be created from the individual points 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.20; 0.25; 0.30; 0.35; 0.40; 0.45; 0.50; 0.55; 0.60; 0.65; 0.70; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; and 10 % by weight of the wheat gluten-based film, with the chosen lower value representing the interval's starting point and the chosen higher value representing the interval's end point, whereby the sum of the individual components' parts percentages of the feedstock may not exceed 100 %.
  • the method for preparing the wheat gluten-based film comprises the steps of: a. Preparing a feedstock as described herein, and b. Extruding the feedstock to obtain a wheat gluten-based film.
  • the reducing agent e.g. sodium sulphite
  • the feedstock is kneaded.
  • the sodium sulphite reduces the number of disulphide bonds which in turn lowers the viscosity and provides a more homogenous feedstock.
  • the reducing agent e.g. sodium sulphite
  • the other reducing agents described herein have an effect commensurate with that of sodium sulphite. Additional reducing agents may well be contemplated to be used by the skilled person in the manner and with the effect described herein.
  • the temperature during extrusion may be from 70 to 150 °C, e.g. from 80 to 140 °C, from 90 to 130 "C or from 100 to 120 °C.
  • the feedstock is extruded onto a protective film, or the wheat gluten-based film produced is laminated onto the protective film.
  • the protective film is a carrier for the wheat gluten-based film and protects the material from sticking in a subsequent calendering or compression moulding processing step. Moreover, the protective film may contribute to give the wheat gluten- based film an even surface.
  • the two-layered film i.e. the wheat gluten-based film laid on the protective film, optionally provided also with a second protective film onto the initially unprotected wheat gluten-based film surface by the same means of manufacture, is in one embodiment rolled up for future processing. Such rolling up facilitates transport of the film for future processing.
  • the protective film may be removed or may be kept.
  • the protective film may be the same film as the additional film as described hereinabove, and may be a water barrier film. Alternatively, the protective film may be an easily removable film.
  • the wheat gluten-based film obtained may be heat calendered in a subsequent step.
  • Heat calendering removes voids or blisters in the extruded film.
  • the heat calendering facilitates easy production of thin wheat gluten-based films, e.g. films in a thickness of from 1 to 2000 micrometers e.g. from 5 to 250 micrometers or from 50 to 100 micrometers.
  • the calender unit is easily adjusted by the person skilled in the art for obtaining the desired film thickness.
  • at least two longitudinally partially overlapping wheat gluten-based films may be fused together during heat calendering.
  • the wheat gluten-based film may be coated onto a paper or paperboard during the heat calendering, right after or concomitantly with pore or void closure, in one and the same heat calender unit.
  • two consecutive calender units may be made use of, whereby pores in the wheat gluten-based film are closed in first calender unit, and the wheat gluten-based film with closed pores is coated onto paper or paperboard in the second calender unit.
  • parameters may also be chosen such that the wheat gluten-based film is first coated onto the paper or paperboard, whereupon the film's pores are finally closed.
  • the temperature of the single calender or each calender unit is in the interval of from 130 to 250 °C, e.g. from 140 to 240 °C, from 150 to 230 °C, or from 170 to 220 °C.
  • the hydraulic pressure in the single or each calender unit is from 0.5 to 500 bars, e.g. 10 to 120 bars, e.g. from 15 to 35 bars, or from 20 to 30 bars.
  • the pressures in bars disclosed are hydraulic machine pressures.
  • the pressures disclosed are the pressures between two opposite calender rolls. Two opposite calender rolls are herein also described as a calender unit. Needless to say, a calender unit may comprise more than two opposite calender rolls.
  • the hydraulic pressures disclosed may be converted to nip loads using the below table.
  • the Nip Load is obtained by:
  • compression moulding may be used.
  • the pressures disclosed in bars are hydraulic machine pressures.
  • the temperature may be in the interval of from 90 to 250 °C, the pressure may be from 0.5 to 500 bars, e.g. 10 to 180 bars, and compression moulding may be carried out during a period of at least 1 second.
  • the temperature interval may be from 120 to 200 °C, e.g. 140 to 180 °C, the pressure may be from 20 to 150 bars, e.g. 30 to 100 bars, and the compression moulding may be carried out during a period of 0.5 second - 10 minutes, e.g. 5 seconds to 3 minutes, or 20 seconds to 1 minute.
  • the temperature may be in the interval of from 130 to 200 °C, e.g. 150 to 170 °C
  • the pressure may be from 10 to 30 bars, e.g. 15 to 20 bars
  • compression moulding may be carried out during a period of from 20 seconds to 2 minutes, e.g. from 30 seconds to 1 minute.
  • compression moulding is performed for 1 min at 20 bar and 130 °C.
  • a protective film may be provided on one or both sides of the wheat gluten-based film.
  • the protective film is a carrier for the wheat gluten-based film and protects the material from sticking in the subsequent calendering or compression moulding processing step. Moreover, the protective film may contribute to give the wheat gluten-based film an even surface.
  • the protective film is preferably removed on one or both sides of the wheat gluten-based film, after calendering or compression moulding has been carried out.
  • the protective film on one or both sides of the wheat gluten-based film may be kept in place, if the film is to be rolled up for future use.
  • the protective film may run in a continuous loop around a single calender roll or several calender roll units, whereby the protective film may be continuously re-used during film manufacture. It may be advantageous not to separate the protective film from the wheat gluten-based film until after the latter has cooled down to a suitable temperature.
  • the person skilled in the art is well equipped to adjust the length of the continuous loop of the protective film for the wheat gluten-based film to cool to a suitable temperature before it is removed from the protective film. If found advantageous, cooling of the wheat gluten-based film produced may be provided.
  • At least one protective film is a barrier film which is not removed from the wheat gluten-based film after calendering or compression moulding.
  • Such protective film allowed to stay on the wheat gluten-based film may be a water barrier film as defined above.
  • the two-layered film may be pre-heated prior to calendaring. Pre-heating reduces the heat needed to be transferred from e.g. the calender roll(s), which may speed up the
  • Example 1 Production of a fat and oxygen barrier wheat gluten (WG)-based film on paperboard through calendering
  • Sodium sulphite (>98 %, Merck KGaA, Germany) reducing agent (0.3 wt% relative to wheat gluten content) is blended with glycerol plasticizer (99.5 %, Karlshamn Tefac AB, Sweden) at 50 °C until completely dissolved and then subsequently mixed with wheat gluten powder (77.7 % gluten protein, Lantmannen Reppe AB, Sweden) using a dough mixer (70/30 wheat gluten (WG)/glycerol mixture).
  • This dough mixture is extruded into 1 mm thick, 80 mm wide films on a LabTech LTE 20-48 twin-screw compounder with a barrel temperature ramping from 50°C to 55°C, followed by an increase to 60°C and thereafter 70°C at the adapter before finally reaching a die temperature of 90 °C.
  • the screw speed was set to 90 rpm, giving a material flow rate of approx. 50 g/min.
  • the wheat gluten-based film film is subsequently calendered using a DT Laboratory Calender (DT Paper Science, Finland) with a 200 - 300 ⁇ roller gap and 30 bars of pressure at 195 °C and 3.5 m/s onto a pre-coated paperboard, optionally using 100 ⁇ PET films on top of the wheat gluten-based film during calendering to reduce the film thickness, widen the film and close pores.
  • DT Laboratory Calender DT Paper Science, Finland
  • Example 2 Two-step calendering of a fat and oxygen barrier wheat gluten-based film on paperboard
  • the dough was prepared as in example 1, and likewise extruded as in example 1.
  • calendering was carried out as a two-step procedure.
  • the wheat gluten-based film is calendered with 100 ⁇ PET films on both sides to reduce the film thickness, widen the film and close pores
  • the wheat gluten-based film is pressed onto paperboard with the PET film still present on the opposite side of the wheat gluten-based film.
  • the calender pressure, temperature and calender speed all of which are the same in both calenders, are 45 bars, 200 °C and 4.5 m/min.
  • the wheat gluten- based film's thickness is 18-26 ⁇ .
  • the coated paperboard has an oxygen permeability of 1.5-2 cm 3 x mm/(atm x m 2 x 24 h) and is a fat barrier (Tappi 454, more than 1800 s).
  • Example 3 Production of a free standing single wheat gluten-based film
  • Example 4 Production of a wheat gluten-based film laminated onto paperboard
  • Doughs were prepared as in example 2, and likewise extruded using the parameters of example 2.
  • the extruded wheat gluten-based film is laminated in the first calendering step with a water barrier on one side of the paperboard, e.g. using a polyolephine, (e.g.
  • polyethylene or polypropylene
  • polyester e.g. polylactic acid or
  • PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des films homogènes à base de gluten de blé présentant des caractéristiques de barrière améliorées. Les films comprennent au moins 40 % en poids de gluten de blé, un plastifiant (par exemple, du glycérol), et éventuellement un agent réducteur. L'invention concerne également des films à base de gluten de blé posés sur du papier ou du carton. De plus, l'invention concerne un procédé de production dudit film par calandrage ou moulage par compression.
PCT/SE2017/050844 2016-08-24 2017-08-22 Films homogènes barrières à base de gluten de blé WO2018038666A1 (fr)

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SE1651140 2016-08-24

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Citations (4)

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US20090110802A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2009-04-30 Patrick Pibarot Method for preparing plasticised wheat gluten compositions for petfood and pet treat applications
US8652600B2 (en) * 2008-09-15 2014-02-18 Lantmannen Ek For Protein-based material with improved mechanical and barrier properties

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3615715A (en) * 1970-03-16 1971-10-26 Gen Mills Inc Film formation from nonheat coagulable simple proteins with filler and resulting product
US5665152A (en) * 1995-11-29 1997-09-09 Midwest Grain Products Biodegradable grain protein-based solid articles and forming methods
US20090110802A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2009-04-30 Patrick Pibarot Method for preparing plasticised wheat gluten compositions for petfood and pet treat applications
US8652600B2 (en) * 2008-09-15 2014-02-18 Lantmannen Ek For Protein-based material with improved mechanical and barrier properties

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Title
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GUILLARD V. ET AL.: "Food preservative content reduction by controlling sorbic acid release from a superficial coating", INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, vol. 10, no. 1, January 2009 (2009-01-01), pages 108 - 115, XP025817127, ISSN: 1466-8564 *
GUILLAUME C. ET AL.: "Wheat gluten-coated papers for bio- based food packaging: Structure, surface and transfer properties", FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, vol. 43, no. 5, 1 June 2010 (2010-06-01), pages 1395 - 1401, XP027099826, ISSN: 0963-9969 *
IRISSIN-MANGATA J. ET AL.: "Bilayer films composed of wheat gluten and functionalized polyethylene: Permeability and other physical properties", POLYMER BULLETIN, vol. 43, no. 4/5, 1999, pages 441 - 448, XP055468498, ISSN: 0170-0839 *
IRISSIN-MANGATA J. ET AL.: "New plasticizers for wheat gluten films", EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL, vol. 37, no. 8, August 2001 (2001-08-01), pages 1533 - 1541, XP004241586, ISSN: 0014-3057 *
POCHAT-BOHATIER C. ET AL.: "Influence of relative humidity on carbon dioxide sorption in wheat gluten films", JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING, vol. 77, no. 4, December 2006 (2006-12-01), pages 983 - 991, XP027890742, ISSN: 0260-8774 *
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