WO2018037813A1 - 電荷輸送性材料、インク組成物、及び有機エレクトロニクス素子 - Google Patents
電荷輸送性材料、インク組成物、及び有機エレクトロニクス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
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- H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
- H10K71/135—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing using ink-jet printing
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/316—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
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- H10K71/40—Thermal treatment, e.g. annealing in the presence of a solvent vapour
Definitions
- the present disclosure includes a charge transport material, an ink composition, an organic layer, an organic electronics element, an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element), a display element, a lighting device, and a display device, and an organic layer, an organic electronics element, And an organic electroluminescence device manufacturing method.
- Organic electronics devices are devices that perform electrical operations using organic matter, and are expected to demonstrate features such as energy saving, low cost, and flexibility, and are attracting attention as a technology that replaces conventional inorganic semiconductors based on silicon. Has been.
- organic electronics elements include organic EL elements, organic photoelectric conversion elements, and organic transistors.
- organic EL elements are attracting attention as applications for large-area solid-state light sources as alternatives to, for example, incandescent lamps and gas-filled lamps. It is also attracting attention as the most powerful self-luminous display that can replace the liquid crystal display (LCD) in the flat panel display (FPD) field, and its commercialization is progressing.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- FPD flat panel display
- Organic EL elements are roughly classified into two types, low molecular weight organic EL elements and high molecular weight organic EL elements, depending on the organic materials used.
- a polymer material is used as an organic material
- a low molecular material is used in the low molecular organic EL element.
- polymer-type organic EL elements can be easily formed by wet processes such as printing, so future large-screen organic EL displays Is expected as an indispensable element.
- the organic layers constituting the element are multilayered.
- multilayering can be easily achieved by performing vapor deposition while sequentially changing the compounds to be used.
- a method is required in which the lower layer is not dissolved when the upper layer is formed. Therefore, as a material for forming the lower layer, for example, a compound having a polymerizable group has been studied (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the present disclosure provides a charge transporting material and an ink composition that can easily form a multi-layered organic layer using a wet process, and an organic layer using the same. Moreover, this indication provides the organic electronics element and organic EL element which have an organic layer excellent in solvent resistance, and the display element, illuminating device, and display apparatus using these. Furthermore, this indication provides the simple manufacturing method of an organic layer, an organic electronics element, and an organic EL element.
- One embodiment relates to a charge transporting material comprising a hole transporting polymer having a group represented by the following formula (Ia) and a proton donor.
- A represents a monovalent organic group
- R represents a monovalent substituent
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4
- m + n represents 5
- the group represented by the formula (Ia) includes a group represented by the following formula (Ib).
- A represents a monovalent organic group
- R represents a monovalent substituent
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- the proton donor includes a compound represented by the following formula (II).
- R a to R c each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group, and at least two groups selected from R a to R c are bonded to each other.
- a ring may be formed.
- A represents an anion.
- the hole transporting polymer has a branched structure.
- the hole transporting polymer has at least one selected from the group consisting of an aromatic amine structure and a carbazole structure.
- the hole transporting polymer has a group represented by the formula (Ia) at at least one terminal.
- Another embodiment relates to an ink composition containing any one of the above charge transporting materials and a solvent.
- Another embodiment relates to an organic layer formed of any one of the above charge transport materials.
- Another embodiment relates to an organic electronic device having the organic layer; and an organic electroluminescent device having the organic layer.
- a display element including the organic electroluminescence element; an illumination device including the organic electroluminescence element; and the illumination apparatus; and a liquid crystal element as a display unit.
- the present invention relates to a display device.
- At least one process selected from the group consisting of a heating process and a light irradiation process is added to the process of applying the ink composition to form a coating layer, and the coating layer.
- a method for producing an organic layer comprising: a step of applying the ink composition to form a coating layer; and at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of a heat treatment and a light irradiation treatment on the coating layer.
- a method for producing an organic electronics element including a step of forming an organic layer; a step of applying the ink composition to form a coating layer; and a heating treatment and a light irradiation treatment on the coating layer.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an organic electroluminescent element, comprising a step of adding at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of and forming an organic layer.
- the present invention relates to the subject matter described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-164723 filed on August 25, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- a charge transporting material and an ink composition that can easily form a multi-layered organic layer using a wet process, and an organic layer using these.
- the organic electronics element and organic EL element which have an organic layer excellent in solvent resistance, and the display element, illuminating device, and display apparatus using these are provided.
- the simple manufacturing method of an organic layer, an organic electronics element, and an organic EL element is provided.
- the present inventors have used a hole-transporting polymer having a oxymethylene group (benzyl ether bond) bonded to a benzene ring and a charge-transporting material containing a proton donor. It has been found that the solvent resistance of the organic layer can be improved by changing the solubility of, and the present invention including various embodiments has been completed.
- the charge transporting material includes a hole transporting polymer having a group represented by the formula (Ia) (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “hole transporting polymer”), proton donation, and the like. Contains the body.
- the charge transporting material may contain only one kind of hole transporting polymer, or may contain two or more kinds. Further, the charge transporting material may contain only one kind of proton donor, or may contain two or more kinds.
- the hole transporting polymer has a group represented by the following formula (Ia).
- A represents a monovalent organic group
- R represents a monovalent substituent
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4
- m + n is 5 or less.
- “*” Is a binding site with another structure
- m represents the number of binding sites.
- n represents the number of R.
- R is preferably each independently a monovalent substituent. When a plurality of Rs are present, the plurality of Rs may be the same as or different from each other.
- the hole transporting polymer preferably has a group represented by the following formula (Ib).
- the hole transporting polymer has a group represented by the formula (Ib)
- the solubility of the hole transporting polymer in the organic solvent can be efficiently changed.
- the hole transporting polymer has a group represented by the formula (Ib) at the terminal from the viewpoint of easy synthesis.
- the group represented by the formula (Ib) is an example in which m is 1 in the group represented by the formula (Ia).
- A represents a monovalent organic group
- R represents a monovalent substituent
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- “*” Represents a binding site with another structure.
- n represents the number of R.
- R is preferably each independently a monovalent substituent. When a plurality of Rs are present, the plurality of Rs may be the same as or different from each other.
- A represents an organic group.
- the organic group include a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a hydrocarbon group formed by bonding these.
- the number of carbons of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group (excluding the number of carbons contained in the substituent) is 1 or more, and preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more, from the viewpoint of improving the solubility in organic solvents. Preferably it is 4 or more.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group (excluding the number of carbon atoms contained in the substituent) is preferably from the viewpoint of easily obtaining or synthesizing a reagent for introducing the group represented by the formula (Ia). Is 22 or less, more preferably 12 or less, and still more preferably 8 or less.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is linear, branched or cyclic.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkenyl group, preferably an alkyl group, and examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an i-propyl group, and a butyl group.
- the carbon number of the aromatic hydrocarbon group (excluding the number of carbons contained in the substituent) is 6 or more.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group (excluding the number of carbon atoms contained in the substituent) is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 14 or less, and still more preferably 10 from the viewpoint of improving the solubility in organic solvents. It is as follows.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aryl group, and examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a tetracene-yl group, a pentacene-yl group, a phenanthren-yl group, a chrysen-yl group, Examples include triphenylene-yl group, tetraphen-yl group, pyren-yl group, picen-yl group, pentaphen-yl group, perylene-yl group, and pentahelicene-yl group.
- the “aliphatic hydrocarbon group” and the “aromatic hydrocarbon group” are as described above. It is as follows.
- the hydrocarbon group has 7 or more carbon atoms (excluding the number of carbon atoms contained in the substituent). Further, the carbon number of the hydrocarbon group (excluding the number of carbons contained in the substituent) is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 14 or less, and still more preferably 10 or less, from the viewpoint of improving the solubility in organic solvents. It is.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group include an arylalkyl group and an alkylaryl group.
- arylalkyl group examples include benzyl group, phenethyl group, naphthylmethyl group, naphthylethyl group, diphenylmethyl group and the like.
- alkylaryl group examples include a tolyl group, an ethylphenyl group, a methylnaphthyl group, an ethylnaphthyl group, and a xylyl group.
- R represents a monovalent substituent.
- -R 1 (except when it is a hydrogen atom), -OR 2 , -SR 3 , -OCOR 4 , -COOR 5 , -SiR 6 R described later. 7 R 8 , a halogen atom and the like can be mentioned.
- n is an integer of 0 to 4, preferably 0 or 1. When n is 2 to 4, R may be the same or different from each other.
- the group represented by the formula (Ia) is obtained by subjecting a hole transporting polymer to a heat treatment and / or a light irradiation treatment in the presence of a proton donor, whereby an oxymethylene group is cleaved to form an AO— group. Is eliminated, and the affinity for the organic solvent is considered to change.
- the reaction formula is shown below by taking as an example the case where m is 1 and n is 0 in the group represented by the formula (Ia). It is presumed that the change in solubility of the hole transporting polymer is caused by elimination of a part of the group represented by the formula (Ia).
- the AO— group to be eliminated may be referred to as “atomic group (A)”.
- R in the above reaction formula represents a polymer chain of a hole transporting polymer.
- the hole transporting polymer when the group represented by the formula (Ia) has an atomic group (A) having a high affinity for an organic solvent, the hole transporting polymer is in a state of high solubility in the organic solvent.
- the atomic group (A) is eliminated from the group represented by the formula (Ia), the solubility of the hole transporting polymer in the organic solvent changes to a low state.
- a charge transporting material containing a hole transporting polymer can be preferably used as an organic electronic material, for example.
- a hole transporting polymer having a group represented by the formula (Ia) is dissolved in an organic solvent, and a coating layer is formed by a coating method. Thereafter, the atomic group (A) is desorbed from the hole transporting polymer, and the solubility of the hole transporting polymer in the organic solvent is lowered. Thereby, an organic layer containing a hole transporting polymer having low solubility in an organic solvent can be obtained.
- the obtained organic layer is used as a lower layer and an upper layer is formed by a coating method, dissolution of the lower layer in an organic solvent can be suppressed, and the upper layer can be formed favorably.
- a hole transporting polymer having a group represented by the formula (Ia) it is easy to make a multilayer organic layer by a wet process.
- the group represented by the formula (Ia) is preferably introduced at least at one or more terminals of the hole transporting polymer in order to easily react with a proton donor described later. End refers to the end of the polymer chain.
- the number of groups represented by the formula (Ia) contained in one molecule of the hole transporting polymer is not particularly limited. In order to change the solubility, two or more are preferable, and three or more are more preferable. Moreover, from a viewpoint of maintaining sufficient hole transport property, 1,000 or less are preferable and 500 or less are more preferable.
- the ratio of the group represented by the formula (Ia) in the hole transporting polymer is preferably 5 mol% or more based on the total structural unit from the viewpoint of changing the solubility of the hole transporting polymer. % Or more is more preferable, and 15 mol% or more is still more preferable.
- the ratio of the group represented by the formula (Ia) in the hole transporting polymer is preferably 95 mol% or less, more preferably 90 mol% or less, and 85 mol% from the viewpoint of reducing the decrease in film thickness. % Or less is more preferable.
- the “ratio of the group represented by the formula (Ia)” refers to the ratio of the structural unit having the group represented by the formula (Ia).
- the hole transporting polymer may be linear or have a branched structure.
- the linear hole transporting polymer has two ends, and the hole transporting polymer having a branched structure has three or more ends.
- the term “end” refers to the end of a polymer chain. From the viewpoint of efficiently changing the solubility of the hole-transporting polymer and from the viewpoint of improving the lifetime of the organic electronics element, the hole-transporting polymer preferably has a branched structure.
- the hole transporting polymer preferably contains a structural unit having the ability to transport holes (sometimes referred to as “structural unit having hole transporting property”).
- the hole transporting polymer may be a polymer having one type of structural unit or a polymer having two or more types of structural units.
- the copolymer may be an alternating, random, block or graft copolymer, or a copolymer having an intermediate structure thereof, such as a block property. It may be a random copolymer having a color.
- the structural unit means a monomer unit.
- the hole transporting polymer includes at least a divalent structural unit L having a hole transporting property and a monovalent structural unit T constituting a terminal part, and further a trivalent or higher structural unit constituting a branch part. B may be included. That is, the hole transporting polymer has at least the structural unit L as the “structural unit having hole transporting property”, and the structural unit T and / or the structural unit B is a structural unit having hole transporting property. May be.
- the hole transporting polymer includes at least a trivalent structural unit B having a hole transporting property and a monovalent structural unit T constituting a terminal portion, and further includes an arbitrary divalent structural unit L. May be included.
- the hole transporting polymer has at least the structural unit B as the “structural unit having hole transporting property”, and the structural unit T and / or the structural unit L is a structural unit having hole transporting property. May be.
- the hole transporting polymer may contain only one kind of each structural unit, or may contain a plurality of kinds of structural units. In the hole transporting polymer, each structural unit is bonded to each other at a binding site of “monovalent” to “trivalent or more”.
- the group represented by the formula (Ia) may be contained in at least one of the structural unit L, the structural unit T, and the structural unit B. From the viewpoint of efficiently changing the solubility, the structural unit T preferably has a group represented by the formula (Ia).
- Examples of the partial structure contained in the hole transporting polymer include the following.
- the hole transporting polymer is not limited to those having the following partial structures.
- L represents the structural unit L
- T represents the structural unit T
- B represents the structural unit B.
- * Represents a binding site with another structural unit.
- a plurality of L may be the same structural unit or different structural units. The same applies to T and B.
- the structural unit L is preferably a divalent structural unit having a hole transporting property.
- the preferred structural unit L is not particularly limited as long as it contains an atomic group having the ability to transport holes.
- the structural unit L is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, thiophene structure, fluorene structure, benzene structure, biphenyl structure, terphenyl structure, naphthalene structure, anthracene structure, tetracene structure, phenanthrene structure, dihydro Phenanthrene structure, pyridine structure, pyrazine structure, quinoline structure, isoquinoline structure, quinoxaline structure, acridine structure, diazaphenanthrene structure, furan structure, pyrrole structure, oxazole structure, oxadiazole structure, thiazole structure, thiadiazole structure, triazole structure, benzo Thiophene structure, benzoxazo
- the structural unit L is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, thiophene structure, fluorene structure, benzene structure, and one kind thereof from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent hole transport properties.
- it is preferably selected from a structure containing two or more, more preferably selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, and a structure containing one or more of these. .
- structural unit L includes the following.
- the structural unit L is not limited to the following.
- Each R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- each R is independently represented by —R 1 , —OR 2 , —SR 3 , —OCOR 4 , —COOR 5 , —SiR 6 R 7 R 8 , a halogen atom, or the above formula (Ib).
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom; a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; or an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group is an atomic group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- a heteroaryl group is an atomic group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the alkyl group may be further substituted with an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aryl group or heteroaryl group may be further linear, cyclic or branched having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with an alkyl group.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkyl-substituted aryl group.
- Ar represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- An arylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- a heteroarylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic heterocycle.
- Ar is preferably an arylene group, more preferably a phenylene group.
- A is the same as A in the group represented by the formula (Ia).
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon herein include a single ring, a condensed ring, or a polycycle in which two or more selected from a single ring and a condensed ring are bonded through a single bond.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocycle include a single ring, a condensed ring, or a polycycle in which two or more selected from a monocycle and a condensed ring are bonded via a single bond. The same applies to the arenetriyl group and heteroarenetriyl group described later.
- the structural unit T is a monovalent structural unit constituting the terminal part of the hole transporting polymer.
- the structural unit T is not particularly limited, and is selected from, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon structure, aromatic heterocyclic structure, and a structure including one or more of these.
- the structural unit T may have the same structure as the structural unit L.
- the structural unit T is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon structure from the viewpoint of imparting durability without deteriorating charge transportability, and is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted benzene structure. A structure is more preferable.
- structural unit T includes the following.
- the structural unit T is not limited to the following.
- R is the same as R in the structural unit L.
- the hole transporting polymer has a group represented by the formula (Ia) at the terminal portion, preferably at least one of R is a group represented by the above formula (Ib) or the formula (Ic). It is a group represented.
- the structural unit B is a trivalent or higher structural unit that constitutes a branched portion when the hole transporting polymer has a branched structure.
- the structural unit B is preferably hexavalent or less, more preferably trivalent or tetravalent, from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronic element.
- the structural unit B is preferably a unit having a hole transporting property.
- the structural unit B is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure, and one or two of these from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronic device. Selected from structures containing more than one species.
- structural unit B includes the following.
- the structural unit B is not limited to the following.
- W represents a trivalent linking group, for example, an arenetriyl group or a heteroarenetriyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the arenetriyl group is an atomic group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the heteroarene triyl group is an atomic group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- Ar each independently represents a divalent linking group, for example, each independently represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Ar is preferably an arylene group, more preferably a phenylene group.
- Y represents a divalent linking group.
- 1 in the structural unit L represents 1 hydrogen atom.
- a divalent group in which one hydrogen atom is further removed from a group having at least one group is exemplified.
- Z represents any of a carbon atom, a silicon atom, or a phosphorus atom.
- the benzene ring and Ar may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include R in the structural unit L.
- the number average molecular weight of the hole transporting polymer can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of solubility in a solvent, film forming property, and the like.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more, and still more preferably 2,000 or more, from the viewpoint of excellent hole transportability.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 100,000 or less, and more preferably 50,000 from the viewpoint of maintaining good solubility in a solvent and facilitating the preparation of an ink composition. The following is more preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of the hole transporting polymer can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of solubility in a solvent, film formability, and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 5,000 or more, and still more preferably 10,000 or more, from the viewpoint of excellent hole transportability.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 700,000 or less, and more preferably 400,000 from the viewpoint of maintaining good solubility in a solvent and facilitating preparation of an ink composition. The following is more preferable.
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a standard polystyrene calibration curve.
- the proportion of the structural unit L is preferably 10 mol% or more, and preferably 20 mol% or more based on the total structural unit from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient hole transportability. More preferably, it is more preferably 30 mol% or more. Further, the ratio of the structural unit L is preferably 95 mol% or less, more preferably 90 mol% or less, and still more preferably 85 mol% or less in consideration of the structural unit T and the structural unit B introduced as necessary.
- the proportion of the structural unit T contained in the hole transporting polymer is determined from the viewpoint of improving the characteristics of the organic electronics element, or suppressing the increase in viscosity and favorably synthesizing the hole transporting polymer. As a reference, 5 mol% or more is preferable, 10 mol% or more is more preferable, and 15 mol% or more is still more preferable. Further, the proportion of the structural unit T is preferably 60 mol% or less, more preferably 55 mol% or less, and still more preferably 50 mol% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient hole transportability.
- the ratio of the structural unit having the group represented by the formula (Ia) at all terminals of the hole-transporting polymer is sufficient for solubility. From the viewpoint of changing to the total number of terminals, it is 25 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, still more preferably 35 mol% or more, based on the total number of terminals.
- An upper limit is not specifically limited, It is 100 mol% or less.
- the proportion of the structural unit B is preferably 1 mol% or more, preferably 5 mol% or more based on the total structural unit from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronic element. More preferred is 10 mol% or more. Further, the proportion of the structural unit B is preferably 50 mol% or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in viscosity and satisfactorily synthesizing the hole transporting polymer or obtaining sufficient hole transporting property, and is 40 mol% or less. % Or less is more preferable, and 30 mol% or less is still more preferable.
- the proportion of the structural unit can be determined by using the amount of the monomer corresponding to each structural unit used for synthesizing the hole transporting polymer. Moreover, the ratio of a structural unit can be calculated as an average value using the integrated value of the spectrum derived from each structural unit in the 1 H NMR spectrum of the hole transporting polymer. Since it is simple, when the preparation amount is clear, a value obtained by using the preparation amount is preferably adopted.
- the hole transporting polymer can be produced by various synthesis methods and is not particularly limited.
- known coupling reactions such as Suzuki coupling, Negishi coupling, Sonogashira coupling, Stille coupling, Buchwald-Hartwig coupling and the like can be used.
- Suzuki coupling causes a cross coupling reaction using a Pd catalyst between an aromatic boronic acid derivative and an aromatic halide.
- Suzuki coupling a hole transporting polymer can be easily produced by bonding desired aromatic rings together.
- a Pd (0) compound, a Pd (II) compound, a Ni compound, or the like is used as a catalyst.
- a catalyst species generated by mixing tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), palladium (II) acetate and the like with a phosphine ligand can also be used.
- the description of International Publication No. WO2010 / 140553 can be referred to.
- a proton donor is a compound that provides protons to a charge transporting polymer.
- the group represented by the formula (Ia) is considered to be cleaved from the oxymethylene group by receiving a proton donation from the proton donor.
- Examples of the proton donor include organic acids such as carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid, inorganic acids, onium salts, and the like. From the viewpoint of solubility in organic solvents, onium salts are preferred.
- onium salt a compound having at least one proton that can be donated to the charge transporting polymer is used.
- onium salts include phosphonium salts, oxonium salts, sulfonium salts, ammonium salts, and the like. From the viewpoint of improving conductivity, an ammonium salt is preferable.
- the ammonium salt contains a nitrogen cation.
- nitrogen cations include NH 4 + , primary nitrogen cation, secondary nitrogen cation, and tertiary nitrogen cation.
- ammonium salt a compound represented by the following formula (II) can be used.
- R a to R c each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group, and at least two groups selected from R a to R c are bonded to each other.
- a ring may be formed.
- A represents an anion.
- At least one of R a to R c is preferably an alkyl group or an arylalkyl group, and more preferably an alkyl group. All of R a to R c are more preferably an alkyl group or an arylalkyl group, and particularly preferably an alkyl group. That is, preferably, all of R a to R c do not become an aryl group and / or a heteroaryl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may have a substituent, and the carbon number is preferably 1 to 24, more preferably 1 to 20, and still more preferably 1 to 18. is there. Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl.
- the aryl group may have a substituent.
- the carbon number of the monovalent aryl group in the unsubstituted state is preferably 6 to 60, and more preferably 6 to 18.
- a C1 to C12 alkylphenyl group examples include 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthracenyl group, 2-anthracenyl group, 9-anthracenyl group, phenanthren-yl group, pyren-yl group, perylene-yl group, pentafluorophenyl group, and the like.
- a C12 alkoxyphenyl group or a C1 to C12 alkylphenyl group is preferred.
- the heteroaryl group may have a substituent.
- the carbon number of the monovalent heteroaryl group in the unsubstituted state is preferably 4 to 60, and more preferably 4 to 20.
- Specific examples include a thienyl group, a C1-C12 alkyl thienyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a furyl group, a pyridyl group, a C1-C12 alkyl pyridyl group, and the like.
- a thienyl group, a C1-C12 alkyl thienyl group, a pyridyl group, or a C1 A C12 alkylpyridyl group is preferred.
- C1 to C12 are as described above.
- the arylalkyl group is a group in which at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is substituted with an aryl group.
- the arylalkyl group may have a substituent.
- the carbon number of the monovalent arylalkyl group in the unsubstituted state is preferably 7 to 19, more preferably 7 to 13.
- Examples of the alkyl group include the alkyl group, and examples of the aryl group include the aryl group. Specific examples include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a naphthylmethyl group, a naphthylethyl group, a diphenylmethyl group, and the like.
- A is an anion, for example, selected from the group consisting of halogen ions, hydroxide ions, sulfonate ions, sulfate ions, carbonate ions, phosphate ions, borate ions, and the following formulas (1b) to (5b).
- Anions and the like Preferably, it is an anion represented by the following formula (4b).
- E 1 represents an oxygen atom
- E 2 represents a nitrogen atom
- E 3 represents a carbon atom
- E 4 represents a boron atom or a gallium atom
- E 5 represents a phosphorus atom or an antimony atom
- Y 1 to Y 6 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group
- R 1 to R 16 each independently represents an electron-withdrawing monovalent group and is selected from R 2 and at least two groups selected from R 3 and R 4 to R 6 , R 7 to R 10 And at least two groups selected from R 11 to R 16 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 1 to R 16 each independently represents an electron-withdrawing monovalent group.
- the electron-attracting monovalent group refers to a substituent that can easily attract an electron from the bonded atom side as compared with a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 to R 16 are preferably organic groups.
- An organic group refers to an atomic group having one or more carbon atoms. The same applies to the organic group.
- At least two groups selected from R 2 and R 3 , R 4 to R 6, at least two groups selected from R 7 to R 10 , and at least two groups selected from R 11 to R 16 are: , Each may be bonded to each other.
- the bonded group may be cyclic.
- Examples of the electron withdrawing monovalent group include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom and bromine atom; cyano group; thiocyano group; nitro group; alkylsulfonyl group such as mesyl group (for example, having 1 to 12 carbon atoms)
- An arylsulfonyl group such as a tosyl group (eg 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms); an alkyloxysulfonyl group such as a methoxysulfonyl group (eg 1 to 12 carbon atoms).
- An aryloxysulfonyl group such as a phenoxysulfonyl group (for example, 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms); an acyl group such as a formyl group, an acetyl group, and a benzoyl group (for example, C1-12, preferably C1-6); acyloxy groups such as formyloxy and acetoxy groups (for example, C1-20, preferably An alkoxycarbonyl group such as a methoxycarbonyl group or an ethoxycarbonyl group (for example, 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms); an “aryloxycarbonyl” such as a phenoxycarbonyl group or a pyridyloxycarbonyl group; Group or heteroaryloxycarbonyl group "(for example, having 4 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 15 carbon atoms); linear, branched or cyclic" alkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl
- the aryl group and heteroaryl group are as described for R a to R c .
- an electron withdrawing monovalent group from the viewpoint of being able to efficiently delocalize negative charges, among the examples of the electron withdrawing monovalent group, “organic group having a hydrogen atom” From the above, a group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with halogen atoms is preferable.
- perfluoroalkylsulfonyl group perfluoroarylsulfonyl group, perfluoroalkyloxysulfonyl group, perfluoroaryloxysulfonyl group, perfluoroacyl group, perfluoroacyloxy group, perfluoroalkoxycarbonyl group, perfluoroaryloxycarbonyl group
- perfluoroalkyl group perfluoroalkenyl group, perfluoroalkynyl group, perfluoroaryl group, perfluoroarylalkyl group and the like.
- Examples of the electron-withdrawing monovalent group include, in particular, a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclic perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or carbon A perfluoroaryl group of 6 to 18 is preferable.
- the electron withdrawing monovalent group is not limited to these.
- the examples of the electron withdrawing monovalent group described above may have a substituent or may have a hetero atom.
- electron-withdrawing monovalent group examples include the following substituent groups.
- Y 1 to Y 6 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Y 1 to Y 6 are single bonds, it means that E and R are directly bonded.
- Examples of the divalent linking group include linking groups represented by any of the following formulas (1c) to (11c).
- R each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group.
- R is preferably an organic group.
- R is more preferably independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group from the viewpoints of improving electron acceptability and solubility in a solvent. These groups may have a substituent or may have a hetero atom.
- R is preferably an electron-withdrawing monovalent group. Examples of the electron-withdrawing monovalent group include the examples of the electron-withdrawing monovalent group and the substituent group. And the groups shown in.
- an anion having a negative charge mainly on an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, carbon atom, boron atom or gallium atom is preferred, and an anion having an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, carbon atom or boron atom is more preferred.
- an anion represented by any one of formulas (6b) to (9b) can be mentioned.
- Particularly preferred are anions in which the negative charge is mainly on the boron atom.
- R 1 to R 10 are each independently selected from an electron-withdrawing monovalent group (R 2 and R 3 , at least two groups selected from R 4 to R 6 , and R 7 to R 10). And at least two groups may be bonded to each other).
- R 1 to R 10 are preferably organic groups.
- the electron withdrawing monovalent group include the examples of the electron withdrawing monovalent group, the groups shown in the substituent group, and the like.
- the groups shown in the substituent group are preferable. .
- Particularly preferred is a group containing a perfluoroaryl group.
- the charge transporting material may further contain a dopant, a charge transporting low molecular weight compound, another charge transporting polymer, and the like.
- the charge transport material may contain a dopant.
- the dopant is not particularly limited as long as the dopant can be added to the hole transporting polymer to develop a doping effect and improve the hole transporting property.
- a dopant can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the proton donor can also function as a dopant.
- the dopant used for the hole-transporting polymer is preferably an electron-accepting compound, and examples thereof include Lewis acids, proton acids, transition metal compounds, ionic compounds, halogen compounds, and ⁇ -conjugated compounds.
- Lewis acid FeCl 3 , PF 5 , AsF 5 , SbF 5 , BF 5 , BCl 3 , BBr 3 and the like; as the protonic acid, HF, HCl, HBr, HNO 5 , H 2 SO 4 , HClO 4 and other inorganic acids, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyvinylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, 1-butanesulfonic acid, vinylphenylsulfonic acid Organic acids such as camphorsulfonic acid; transition metal
- the electron-accepting compounds described in JP 2000-36390 A, JP 2005-75948 A, JP 2003-213002 A, and the like can also be used.
- the content of the hole transporting polymer having a substituent represented by the formula (Ia) is preferably 50% by mass or more based on the total mass of the charge transporting material from the viewpoint of obtaining good hole transporting properties. 70 mass% or more is more preferable, and 80 mass% or more is still more preferable.
- the content of the hole transporting polymer having a substituent represented by the formula (Ia) is such that all of the charge transporting material can be used from the viewpoint of sufficiently changing the solubility and improving the hole transporting property. 99.99 mass% or less is preferable with respect to mass, 99.9 mass% or less is more preferable, and 99.5 mass% or less is still more preferable.
- the content of the proton donor is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass with respect to the hole transporting polymer, from the viewpoint of sufficiently changing the solubility and from the viewpoint of improving the hole transporting property. % Or more is more preferable, and 0.5 mass% or more is still more preferable. Moreover, from a viewpoint of maintaining favorable film formability, 50 mass% or less is preferable with respect to a hole transportable polymer, 30 mass% or less is more preferable, and 20 mass% or less is still more preferable.
- the elimination reaction of the atomic group (A) can be performed by heating, light irradiation or the like, and heating is preferable from the viewpoint of simple process.
- the heating temperature and time are not particularly limited as long as the elimination reaction can sufficiently proceed. Both heating and light irradiation may be performed.
- a heater such as a hot plate or an oven can be used.
- About temperature from a viewpoint of applying a various board
- a light source such as a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a light emitting diode, or sunlight can be used.
- the ink composition contains the charge transporting material and an organic solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing the charge transporting material.
- the organic layer can be easily formed by a simple method such as a coating method.
- organic solvent is not specifically limited, For example, the solvent generally used when apply
- the aliphatic alcohol is preferably an alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon is preferably an alkane having 5 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkane having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include pentane, hexane, octane, and cyclohexane.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin and diphenylmethane.
- Examples of the aliphatic ether include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate and the like.
- aromatic ether examples include 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, phenetole, 2-methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole, 2, 4-dimethylanisole and the like can be mentioned.
- aliphatic ester examples include ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and n-butyl lactate.
- Examples of the aromatic ester include phenyl acetate, phenyl propionate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, and n-butyl benzoate.
- Examples of the amide include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and the like.
- Examples of the sulfoxide include dimethyl sulfoxide and diethyl sulfoxide.
- Examples of the ketone include tetrahydrofuran and acetone.
- Examples of the organic halogen compound include chloroform and methylene chloride.
- the content of the organic solvent in the ink composition can be determined in consideration of application to various coating methods.
- the content of the organic solvent is preferably such that the ratio of the charge transporting material to the organic solvent is 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and 0.5% by mass. % Is more preferable.
- the content of the organic solvent is preferably such that the ratio of the charge transporting material to the organic solvent is 20% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, and more preferably 10% by mass or less. Further preferred.
- the ink composition may further contain an additive as an optional component.
- additives include polymerization inhibitors, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, antioxidants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, surface modifiers, emulsifiers, antifoaming agents, Examples thereof include a dispersant and a surfactant.
- the organic layer is a layer formed using the charge transporting material or the ink composition.
- the method for producing an organic layer includes a step of applying the ink composition to form a coating layer, and a step of subjecting the coating layer to heat treatment and / or light irradiation treatment.
- the organic layer can be satisfactorily formed by a coating method.
- the coating method include spin coating method; casting method; dipping method; letterpress printing, intaglio printing, offset printing, planographic printing, letterpress inversion offset printing, screen printing, gravure printing and other plate printing methods; ink jet method, etc.
- a known method such as a plateless printing method may be used.
- the organic layer is formed by a coating method, the organic layer (coating layer) obtained after the coating may be dried using a hot plate or an oven to remove the solvent.
- the organic layer (coating layer) after coating is treated by heating, light irradiation, etc., thereby removing the atomic groups (A) from the hole transporting polymer and changing the solubility of the organic layer (coating layer).
- it is possible to easily increase the number of organic electronics elements by laminating another organic layer on an organic layer whose solubility is changed.
- the organic layer whose solubility is changed includes a hole transporting polymer having a group generated after the atomic group (A) is eliminated, for example, a tolyl group.
- an ink composition containing an organic solvent is preferably used.
- the organic solvent the organic solvent described above can be used.
- a polar solvent or a low polarity solvent can be used.
- the thickness of the organic layer after changing the solubility is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1 nm or more, and further preferably 3 nm or more from the viewpoint of improving the charge transport efficiency.
- the thickness of the organic layer is preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less, and still more preferably 100 nm or less, from the viewpoint of reducing electrical resistance.
- the organic electronics element has at least the organic layer.
- the method for manufacturing an organic electronics element includes a step of applying an ink composition to form a coating layer, and heat-treating and / or light irradiation treatment of the coating layer, Forming.
- the organic electronics element include an organic EL element, an organic photoelectric conversion element, and an organic transistor.
- the organic electronic element preferably has a structure in which an organic layer is disposed between at least a pair of electrodes.
- the organic EL element has at least the organic layer.
- the method for producing an organic EL element comprises a step of applying an ink composition to form a coating layer, and a heating treatment and / or a light irradiation treatment of the coating layer, and the organic layer is formed. Forming.
- the organic EL element usually includes a light emitting layer, an anode, a cathode, and a substrate, and other functional layers such as a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer are provided as necessary. I have. Each layer may be formed by a vapor deposition method or a coating method.
- the organic EL element preferably has an organic layer as a light emitting layer or other functional layer, more preferably as a functional layer, and still more preferably as at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of an organic EL element.
- the organic EL element of FIG. 1 is an element having a multilayer structure, and includes a substrate 8, an anode 2, a hole injection layer 3 made of the organic layer, a hole transport layer 6, a light emitting layer 1, an electron transport layer 7, and an electron injection layer. 5 and the cathode 4 in this order.
- a substrate 8 an anode 2
- a hole injection layer 3 made of the organic layer
- a hole transport layer 6 a light emitting layer 1
- electron transport layer 7 an electron injection layer. 5 and the cathode 4 in this order.
- each layer will be described.
- Light emitting layer As a material used for the light emitting layer, a light emitting material such as a low molecular compound, a polymer, or a dendrimer can be used. A polymer is preferable because it has high solubility in a solvent and is suitable for a coating method. Examples of the light emitting material include a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material (TADF), and the like.
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescent material
- Fluorescent materials such as perylene, coumarin, rubrene, quinacridone, stilbene, dyes for dye lasers, aluminum complexes, and derivatives thereof; polyfluorene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyvinyl carbazole, fluorene-benzothiadiazole copolymer , Fluorene-triphenylamine copolymers, polymers thereof such as derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- a metal complex containing a metal such as Ir or Pt can be used as the phosphorescent material.
- Ir complex include FIr (pic) that emits blue light (iridium (III) bis [(4,6-difluorophenyl) -pyridinate-N, C 2 ] picolinate), Ir (ppy) 3 that emits green light.
- the light emitting layer contains a phosphorescent material
- a host material a low molecular compound, a polymer, or a dendrimer can be used.
- Examples of the low molecular weight compound include CBP (4,4′-bis (9H-carbazol-9-yl) biphenyl), mCP (1,3-bis (9-carbazolyl) benzene), CDBP (4,4′-
- Examples of the polymer such as bis (carbazol-9-yl) -2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl) and derivatives thereof include the organic electronic materials, polyvinylcarbazole, polyphenylene, polyfluorene, and derivatives thereof.
- thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials include Adv.AMater., 21, 4802-4906 (2009); Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 083302 (2011); Chem. Comm., 48, 9580 (2012) ; Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, 093306 (2012); J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 14706 (2012); Chem. Comm., 48, 11392 (2012); Nature, 492, 234 (2012) ); Adv. Mater., 25, 3319 (2013); J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 5607 (2013); Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 15850 (2013); Chem. Comm., 49, 10385) (2013); Chem. Lett., 43, 319 (2014) and the like.
- Examples of the material used for the hole transport layer and the hole injection layer include the charge transport material.
- the positive hole transport polymer which does not have the group represented by Formula (Ia) is mentioned.
- the hole transporting polymer may have the same structure as the hole transporting polymer having the group represented by the formula (Ia) described above, except that the group represented by the formula (Ia) is not included. it can. That is, the hole transporting polymer not having the group represented by the formula (Ia) has, for example, the structural unit L, the structural unit T, and / or the structural unit B.
- aromatic amine compounds for example, aromatic diamines such as N, N′-di (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-diphenyl-benzidine ( ⁇ -NPD)
- Phthalocyanine compounds for example, thiophene compounds (for example, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): thiophene conductive polymer such as poly (4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS)), and the like.
- Electrode transport layer examples include phenanthroline derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, condensed ring tetracarboxylic anhydrides such as naphthalene and perylene, carbodiimides, and the like. Fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, aluminum complexes, and the like.
- the organic electronic material can also be used.
- cathode As the cathode material, for example, a metal or a metal alloy such as Li, Ca, Mg, Al, In, Cs, Ba, Mg / Ag, LiF, and CsF is used.
- a metal or a metal alloy such as Li, Ca, Mg, Al, In, Cs, Ba, Mg / Ag, LiF, and CsF is used.
- anode for example, a metal (for example, Au) or another material having conductivity is used.
- examples of other materials include oxides (for example, ITO: indium oxide / tin oxide) and conductive polymers (for example, polythiophene-polystyrene sulfonic acid mixture (PEDOT: PSS)).
- substrate glass, plastic or the like can be used.
- the substrate is preferably transparent and preferably has flexibility. Quartz glass, light transmissive resin film, and the like are preferably used.
- the resin film examples include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, cellulose triacetate, and cellulose acetate propionate. Can be mentioned.
- an inorganic substance such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride may be coated on the resin film in order to suppress permeation of water vapor, oxygen and the like.
- the emission color of the organic EL element is not particularly limited.
- the white organic EL element is preferable because it can be used for various lighting devices such as home lighting, interior lighting, a clock, or a liquid crystal backlight.
- a method of simultaneously emitting a plurality of emission colors using a plurality of light emitting materials and mixing the colors can be used.
- the combination of a plurality of emission colors is not particularly limited, but there are a combination containing three emission maximum wavelengths of blue, green and red, and a combination containing two emission maximum wavelengths such as blue and yellow, yellow green and orange. Can be mentioned.
- the emission color can be controlled by adjusting the type and amount of the light emitting material.
- the display element includes the organic EL element.
- a color display element can be obtained by using an organic EL element as an element corresponding to each pixel of red, green, and blue (RGB).
- Image forming methods include a simple matrix type in which individual organic EL elements arranged in a panel are directly driven by electrodes arranged in a matrix, and an active matrix type in which a thin film transistor is arranged and driven in each element.
- the lighting device includes the organic EL element.
- the display device includes the illumination device and a liquid crystal element as a display unit.
- the display device can be a display device using the illumination device as a backlight and a known liquid crystal element as a display means, that is, a liquid crystal display device.
- the metal adsorbent and insoluble matter were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated with a rotary evaporator.
- the concentrate was dissolved in toluene and then reprecipitated from methanol-acetone (8: 3).
- the resulting precipitate was collected by suction filtration and washed with methanol-acetone (8: 3).
- the obtained precipitate was vacuum-dried to obtain a hole transporting polymer 1.
- the resulting hole-transporting polymer 1 had a number average molecular weight of 15,900 and a weight average molecular weight of 41,600.
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight were measured by GPC (polystyrene conversion) using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as an eluent.
- the measurement conditions are as follows. Liquid feed pump: L-6050 Hitachi High-Technologies UV-Vis detector: L-3000 Hitachi High-Technologies columns: Gelpack (registered trademark) GL-A160S / GL-A150S Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. Eluent: THF (for HPLC, without stabilizer) Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Flow rate: 1 mL / min Column temperature: Room temperature molecular weight standard: Standard polystyrene
- Example 1 The hole transporting polymer 1 (10.0 mg) was dissolved in toluene (1,991 ⁇ L) to obtain a polymer solution. The following onium salt (0.309 mg) was dissolved in toluene (309 ⁇ L) to obtain an onium salt solution. The obtained polymer solution and onium salt solution were mixed to prepare a coating solution (ink composition containing a charge transporting material). The coating solution was spin-coated on a quartz glass plate at room temperature (25 ° C.) at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 to form an organic thin film. Next, the quartz glass plate was heated on a hot plate at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the quartz glass plate was grasped with tweezers and immersed in a 200 mL beaker filled with toluene (25 ° C.), and the quartz glass plate was vibrated 10 times in 10 seconds in the thickness direction of the quartz glass plate. From the ratio of the absorbance (Abs) of the absorption maximum ( ⁇ max) in the UV-vis spectrum of the organic thin film before and after the immersion, the remaining film ratio of the organic thin film was obtained by the following formula. It can be said that the higher the remaining film ratio, the greater the change in solubility of the charge transporting material.
- a spectrophotometer (U-3310, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was used, and the absorbance of the organic thin film at the maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 300 to 500 nm was measured.
- Example 2 The hole transporting polymer 1 (10.0 mg) was dissolved in toluene (1,189 ⁇ L) to obtain a polymer solution.
- the onium salt (1.01 mg) was dissolved in toluene (1,111 ⁇ L) to obtain an onium salt solution.
- the obtained polymer solution and onium salt solution were mixed to prepare a coating solution (ink composition containing a charge transporting material).
- the coating solution was spin-coated on a quartz glass plate at room temperature (25 ° C.) at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 to form an organic thin film. Subsequently, the change in solubility of the charge transporting material was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 The hole transporting polymer 2 (10.0 mg) was dissolved in toluene (1,991 ⁇ L) to obtain a polymer solution.
- the onium salt (0.309 mg) was dissolved in toluene (309 ⁇ L) to obtain an onium salt solution.
- the obtained polymer solution and onium salt solution were mixed to prepare a coating solution (ink composition containing a charge transporting material).
- the coating solution was spin-coated on a quartz glass plate at room temperature (25 ° C.) at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 to form an organic thin film. Subsequently, the change in solubility of the charge transporting material was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the change in solubility of the hole transporting polymer in Examples 1 to 3 is considered to be due to the cleavage reaction of the oxymethylene group derived from the monomer T1 or T2. That is, by mixing a proton donor with a hole transporting polymer and heating, the atomic group (A) is eliminated, the group represented by the formula (Ia) is changed to a tolyl group, and the affinity for an organic solvent is increased. It seems to have changed. As a result, it is presumed that the solubility of the hole transporting polymer in the organic solvent changed. In Examples 1 to 3, it is considered that the solubility of the hole-transporting polymer with respect to toluene was lowered, and as a result, the remaining film ratio of the organic layer was improved.
- Example 4 ⁇ Production of organic EL element>
- the hole-transporting polymer 1 (10.0 mg), the onium salt (0.5 mg), and toluene (2.3 mL) were mixed to prepare an ink composition 1.
- Ink composition 1 was spin-coated at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 on a glass substrate patterned with a width of 1.6 mm under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then heated on a hot plate at 210 ° C. for 10 minutes. A hole injection layer (30 nm) was formed.
- hole transporting polymer 3 (20.0 mg) and toluene (2.3 mL) were mixed to prepare ink composition 2.
- the ink composition 2 is spin-coated at a rotation speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 and dried by heating at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate to form a hole transport layer (40 nm). did.
- the hole transport layer could be formed without dissolving the hole injection layer.
- the glass substrate was transferred into a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and CBP: Ir (ppy) 3 (94: 6, 30 nm), BAlq (10 nm), Alq 3 (30 nm), LiF (0.8 nm) on the hole transport layer. ) And Al (100 nm) in this order, and a sealing process was performed to produce an organic EL element.
- Example 5 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the hole transporting polymer 1 was replaced with the hole transporting polymer 2.
- Example 4 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the hole transporting polymer 1 was replaced with the hole transporting polymer 3. When the hole transport layer was formed, the hole injection layer was dissolved, and a multilayer structure could not be formed.
- Example 5 When voltage was applied to the organic EL elements obtained in Example 4, Example 5, and Comparative Example 4, green light emission was confirmed. For each element, emission luminance 1,000 cd / m 2 at the drive voltage and luminous efficiency, as well as to measure the light emission life at an initial luminance 3,000cd / m 2 (luminance half-life). The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- organic EL elements of Examples 4 and 5 a multilayer structure could be formed by including an organic layer excellent in solvent resistance.
- the organic EL elements of Examples 4 and 5 had a longer emission lifetime than the organic EL element of Comparative Example 4.
- the effect of the embodiment of the present invention was shown by the examples.
- the organic electronic element can be multilayered with the hole-transporting polymer and proton donor described above, and the obtained organic electronic element is the same. It shows an excellent effect.
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Abstract
Description
Ra~Rcは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アリールアルキル基、アリール基、又はヘテロアリール基を表し、Ra~Rcから選択される少なくとも2つの基は、互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。
Aは、アニオンを表す。)
一実施形態によれば、電荷輸送性材料は、式(Ia)で表される基を有する正孔輸送性ポリマー(以下、単に「正孔輸送性ポリマー」という場合がある。)と、プロトン供与体とを含有する。電荷輸送性材料は、正孔輸送性ポリマーを1種のみ含有しても、又は、2種以上含有してもよい。また、電荷輸送性材料は、プロトン供与体を1種のみ含有しても、又は、2種以上含有してもよい。
正孔輸送性ポリマーは、下記式(Ia)で表される基を有する。プロトン供与体の存在下で正孔輸送性ポリマーに加熱処理及び/又は光照射処理を行うことで、有機溶剤に対する正孔輸送性ポリマーの溶解度を変化させることができる。
式(Ia)で表される基において、Aは、有機基を表す。有機基としては、例えば、置換又は非置換の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換又は非置換の芳香族炭化水素基、及びこれらが結合してなる炭化水素基が挙げられる。
正孔輸送性ポリマーは、直鎖状であっても、又は、分岐構造を有していてもよい。直鎖状の正孔輸送性ポリマーは、2個の末端を有し、分岐構造を有する正孔輸送性ポリマーは、3個以上の末端を有する。末端とは、ポリマー鎖の端をいう。正孔輸送性ポリマーの溶解度を効率よく変化させる観点、また、有機エレクトロニクス素子の寿命向上の観点から、正孔輸送性ポリマーは分岐構造を有していることが好ましい。
構造単位Lは、好ましくは、正孔輸送性を有する2価の構造単位である。好ましい構造単位Lは、正孔を輸送する能力を有する原子団を含んでいればよく、特に限定されない。例えば、構造単位Lは、置換又は非置換の、芳香族アミン構造、カルバゾール構造、チオフェン構造、フルオレン構造、ベンゼン構造、ビフェニル構造、ターフェニル構造、ナフタレン構造、アントラセン構造、テトラセン構造、フェナントレン構造、ジヒドロフェナントレン構造、ピリジン構造、ピラジン構造、キノリン構造、イソキノリン構造、キノキサリン構造、アクリジン構造、ジアザフェナントレン構造、フラン構造、ピロール構造、オキサゾール構造、オキサジアゾール構造、チアゾール構造、チアジアゾール構造、トリアゾール構造、ベンゾチオフェン構造、ベンゾオキサゾール構造、ベンゾオキサジアゾール構造、ベンゾチアゾール構造、ベンゾチアジアゾール構造、ベンゾトリアゾール構造、及び、これらの1種又は2種以上を含む構造から選択される。芳香族アミン構造は、好ましくはトリアリールアミン構造であり、より好ましくはトリフェニルアミン構造である。
構造単位Tは、正孔輸送性ポリマーの末端部を構成する1価の構造単位である。構造単位Tは、特に限定されず、例えば、置換又は非置換の、芳香族炭化水素構造、芳香族複素環構造、及び、これらの1種又は2種以上を含む構造から選択される。構造単位Tが構造単位Lと同じ構造を有していてもよい。一実施形態において、構造単位Tは、電荷の輸送性を低下させずに耐久性を付与するという観点から、置換又は非置換の芳香族炭化水素構造であることが好ましく、置換又は非置換のベンゼン構造であることがより好ましい。
構造単位Bは、正孔輸送性ポリマーが分岐構造を有する場合に、分岐部を構成する3価以上の構造単位である。構造単位Bは、有機エレクトロニクス素子の耐久性向上の観点から、好ましくは6価以下であり、より好ましくは3価又は4価である。構造単位Bは、正孔輸送性を有する単位であることが好ましい。例えば、構造単位Bは、有機エレクトロニクス素子の耐久性向上の観点から、置換又は非置換の、芳香族アミン構造、カルバゾール構造、縮合多環式芳香族炭化水素構造、及び、これらの1種又は2種以上を含有する構造から選択される。
正孔輸送性ポリマーの数平均分子量は、溶剤への溶解性、成膜性等を考慮して適宜、調整できる。数平均分子量は、正孔輸送性に優れるという観点から、500以上が好ましく、1,000以上がより好ましく、2,000以上が更に好ましい。また、数平均分子量は、溶媒への良好な溶解性を保ち、インク組成物の調製を容易にするという観点から、1,000,000以下が好ましく、100,000以下がより好ましく、50,000以下が更に好ましい。
正孔輸送性ポリマーの重量平均分子量は、溶剤への溶解性、成膜性等を考慮して適宜、調整できる。重量平均分子量は、正孔輸送性に優れるという観点から、1,000以上が好ましく、5,000以上がより好ましく、10,000以上が更に好ましい。また、重量平均分子量は、溶媒への良好な溶解性を保ち、インク組成物の調製を容易にするという観点から、1,000,000以下が好ましく、700,000以下がより好ましく、400,000以下が更に好ましい。
正孔輸送性ポリマーが構造単位Lを含む場合、構造単位Lの割合は、十分な正孔輸送性を得る観点から、全構造単位を基準として、10モル%以上が好ましく、20モル%以上がより好ましく、30モル%以上が更に好ましい。また、構造単位Lの割合は、構造単位T及び必要に応じて導入される構造単位Bを考慮すると、95モル%以下が好ましく、90モル%以下がより好ましく、85モル%以下が更に好ましい。
正孔輸送性ポリマーは、種々の合成方法により製造でき、特に限定されない。例えば、鈴木カップリング、根岸カップリング、薗頭カップリング、スティルカップリング、ブッフバルト・ハートウィッグカップリング等の公知のカップリング反応を用いることができる。鈴木カップリングは、芳香族ボロン酸誘導体と芳香族ハロゲン化物の間で、Pd触媒を用いたクロスカップリング反応を起こさせるものである。鈴木カップリングによれば、所望とする芳香環同士を結合させることにより、正孔輸送性ポリマーを簡便に製造できる。
プロトン供与体は、電荷輸送性ポリマーにプロトンを与える化合物である。式(Ia)で表される基は、プロトン供与体からプロトンの供与を受けることによって、オキシメチレン基が開裂すると考えられる。プロトン供与体として、例えば、カルボン酸、スルホン酸等の有機酸、無機酸、オニウム塩などが挙げられる。有機溶剤への溶解性の観点から、オニウム塩が好ましい。
Aは、アニオンを表す。
Y1~Y6は、それぞれ独立に単結合又は2価の連結基を表し、
R1~R16は、それぞれ独立に電子求引性の1価の基を表し、R2及びR3、R4~R6から選択される少なくとも2つの基、R7~R10から選択される少なくとも2つの基、及びR11~R16から選択される少なくとも2つの基は、それぞれ互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。
電荷輸送性材料は、ドーパント、電荷輸送性低分子化合物、他の電荷輸送性ポリマー等を更に含有してもよい。
電荷輸送性材料は、ドーパントを含有してもよい。ドーパントは、正孔輸送性ポリマーに添加することでドーピング効果を発現させ、正孔の輸送性を向上させ得るものであればよく、特に制限はない。ドーパントは、1種を単独で、複数種を混合して使用できる。前記プロトン供与体は、ドーパントとしても機能し得る。
式(Ia)で表される置換基を有する正孔輸送性ポリマーの含有量は、良好な正孔輸送性を得る観点から、電荷輸送性材料の全質量に対して、50質量%以上が好ましく、70質量%以上がより好ましく、80質量%以上が更に好ましい。また、式(Ia)で表される置換基を有する正孔輸送性ポリマーの含有量は、溶解度を十分に変化させる観点、また、正孔輸送性を向上させる観点から、電荷輸送性材料の全質量に対して、99.99質量%以下が好ましく、99.9質量%以下がより好ましく、99.5質量%以下が更に好ましい。
原子団(A)の脱離反応は、加熱、光照射等により行うことができ、プロセスが簡便である観点から加熱が好ましい。加熱温度及び時間は、脱離反応を十分に進行させることができればよく、特に制限はない。加熱と光照射との両方を行ってもよい。
一実施形態によれば、インク組成物は、前記電荷輸送性材料と該電荷輸送性材料を溶解又は分散し得る有機溶剤とを含有する。インク組成物を用いることによって、塗布法といった簡便な方法によって有機層を容易に形成できる。
有機溶剤は特に限定されず、例えば、ポリマーを塗布する際に一般的に用いられる溶剤が挙げられる。例えば、脂肪族アルコール、脂肪族炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、脂肪族エーテル、芳香族エーテル、脂肪族エステル、芳香族エステル、アミド、スルホキシド、ケトン、有機ハロゲン化合物等が挙げられる。
脂肪族アルコールとしては、好ましくは、炭素数1~6のアルコールであり、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等が挙げられる。
脂肪族炭化水素としては、好ましくは、炭素数5~10のアルカン、又は、炭素数5~10のシクロアルカンであり、例えば、ペンタン、ヘキサン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン等が挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素としては、好ましくは、炭素数6~13の芳香族炭化水素であり、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、テトラリン、ジフェニルメタン等が挙げられる。
脂肪族エーテルとしては、例えば、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテルアセテート等が挙げられる。
芳香族エーテルとしては、例えば、1,2-ジメトキシベンゼン、1,3-ジメトキシベンゼン、アニソール、フェネトール、2-メトキシトルエン、3-メトキシトルエン、4-メトキシトルエン、2,3-ジメチルアニソール、2,4-ジメチルアニソール等が挙げられる。
脂肪族エステルとしては、例えば、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸n-ブチル等が挙げられる。
芳香族エステルとしては、例えば、酢酸フェニル、プロピオン酸フェニル、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、安息香酸n-ブチル等が挙げられる。
アミドとしては、例えば、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等が挙げられる。
スルホキシドとしては、例えば、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジエチルスルホキシド等が挙げられる。
ケトンとしては、例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン等が挙げられる。
有機ハロゲン化合物としては、例えば、クロロホルム、塩化メチレン等が挙げられる。
インク組成物における有機溶剤の含有量は、種々の塗布方法へ適用することを考慮して定めることができる。例えば、有機溶剤の含有量は、有機溶剤に対し電荷輸送性材料の割合が、0.1質量%以上となる量が好ましく、0.2質量%以上となる量がより好ましく、0.5質量%以上となる量が更に好ましい。また、有機溶剤の含有量は、有機溶剤に対し電荷輸送性材料の割合が、20質量%以下となる量が好ましく、15質量%以下となる量がより好ましく、10質量%以下となる量が更に好ましい。
インク組成物は、更に、任意成分として添加剤を含有してもよい。添加剤としては、例えば、重合禁止剤、安定剤、増粘剤、ゲル化剤、難燃剤、酸化防止剤、還元防止剤、酸化剤、還元剤、表面改質剤、乳化剤、消泡剤、分散剤、界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
一実施形態によれば、有機層は、前記電荷輸送性材料又はインク組成物を用いて形成された層である。また、一実施形態によれば、有機層の製造方法は、前記インク組成物を塗布し、塗布層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗布層を加熱処理及び/又は光照射処理する工程を含む。
一実施形態によれば、有機エレクトロニクス素子は、少なくとも前記有機層を有する。また、一実施形態によれば、有機エレクトロニクス素子の製造方法は、インク組成物を塗布し、塗布層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗布層を加熱処理及び/又は光照射処理し、有機層を形成する工程を含む。有機エレクトロニクス素子として、例えば、有機EL素子、有機光電変換素子、有機トランジスタ等が挙げられる。有機エレクトロニクス素子は、好ましくは、少なくとも一対の電極の間に有機層が配置された構造を有する。
一実施形態によれば、有機EL素子は、少なくとも前記有機層を有する。また、一実施形態によれば、有機EL素子の製造方法は、インク組成物を塗布し、塗布層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗布層を加熱処理及び/又は光照射処理し、有機層を形成する工程を含む。有機EL素子は、通常、発光層、陽極、陰極、及び基板を備えており、必要に応じて、正孔注入層、電子注入層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層等の他の機能層を備えている。各層は、蒸着法により形成してもよく、塗布法により形成してもよい。有機EL素子は、好ましくは、有機層を発光層又は他の機能層として有し、より好ましくは機能層として有し、更に好ましくは正孔注入層及び正孔輸送層の少なくとも一方として有する。
発光層に用いる材料として、低分子化合物、ポリマー、デンドリマー等の発光材料を使用できる。ポリマーは、溶媒への溶解性が高く、塗布法に適しているため好ましい。発光材料としては、蛍光材料、燐光材料、熱活性化遅延蛍光材料(TADF)等が挙げられる。
正孔輸送層及び正孔注入層に用いられる材料として、前記電荷輸送性材料が挙げられる。また、正孔注入層及び正孔輸送層に用いられる材料として、式(Ia)で表される基を有しない正孔輸送性ポリマーが挙げられる。当該正孔輸送性ポリマーは、式(Ia)で表される基を有しないことを除き、上述の式(Ia)で表される基を有する正孔輸送性ポリマーと同様の構造を有することができる。すなわち、式(Ia)で表される基を有しない正孔輸送性ポリマーは、例えば、構造単位L、構造単位T、及び/又は構造単位Bを有する。
電子輸送層及び電子注入層に用いる材料としては、例えば、フェナントロリン誘導体、ビピリジン誘導体、ニトロ置換フルオレン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、ナフタレン、ペリレンなどの縮合環テトラカルボン酸無水物、カルボジイミド、フルオレニリデンメタン誘導体、アントラキノジメタン及びアントロン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、チアジアゾール誘導体、ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体、キノキサリン誘導体、アルミニウム錯体等が挙げられる。また、前記有機エレクトロニクス材料も使用できる。
陰極材料としては、例えば、Li、Ca、Mg、Al、In、Cs、Ba、Mg/Ag、LiF、CsF等の金属又は金属合金が用いられる。
陽極材料としては、例えば、金属(例えば、Au)又は導電性を有する他の材料が用いられる。他の材料として、例えば、酸化物(例えば、ITO:酸化インジウム/酸化錫)、導電性高分子(例えば、ポリチオフェン-ポリスチレンスルホン酸混合物(PEDOT:PSS))が挙げられる。
基板として、ガラス、プラスチック等を使用できる。基板は、透明であることが好ましく、また、フレキシブル性を有することが好ましい。石英ガラス、光透過性樹脂フィルム等が好ましく用いられる。
有機EL素子の発光色は特に限定されない。白色の有機EL素子は、家庭用照明、車内照明、時計又は液晶のバックライト等の各種照明器具に用いることができるため好ましい。
一実施形態によれば、表示素子は、前記有機EL素子を備えている。例えば、赤、緑及び青(RGB)の各画素に対応する素子として、有機EL素子を用いることで、カラーの表示素子が得られる。画像の形成方法には、マトリックス状に配置した電極でパネルに配列された個々の有機EL素子を直接駆動する単純マトリックス型と、各素子に薄膜トランジスタを配置して駆動するアクティブマトリックス型とがある。
(Pd触媒の調製)
窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、室温下、サンプル管にトリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(73.2mg、80μmol)を秤取り、アニソール(15ml)を加え、30分間撹拌した。同様に、サンプル管にトリス(t-ブチル)ホスフィン(129.6mg、640μmol)を秤取り、アニソール(5mL)を加え、5分間撹拌した。これらの溶液を混合し、室温で30分間撹拌し、触媒とした。全ての溶媒は、30分以上窒素バブルにより脱気した後、使用した。
三口丸底フラスコに、下記モノマーL(5.0mmol)、下記モノマーB(2.0mmol)、下記モノマーT1(4.0mmol)、及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、更に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。30分間撹拌した後、10%テトラエチルアンモニウム水酸化物水溶液(20mL)を加えた。全ての溶媒は30分以上、窒素バブルにより脱気した後、使用した。得られた混合物を2時間、加熱還流した。ここまでの全ての操作は窒素気流下で行った。
送液ポンプ :L-6050 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
UV-Vis検出器:L-3000 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
カラム :Gelpack(登録商標) GL-A160S/GL-A150S 日立化成(株)
溶離液 :THF(HPLC用、安定剤を含まない) 和光純薬工業(株)
流速 :1mL/min
カラム温度 :室温
分子量標準物質 :標準ポリスチレン
三口丸底フラスコに、下記モノマーL(5.0mmol)、下記モノマーB(2.0mmol)、下記モノマーT2(4.0mmol)、及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、更に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降は正孔輸送性ポリマー1の合成と同様にして、正孔輸送性ポリマー2を合成した。得られた正孔輸送性ポリマー2の数平均分子量は20,200、重量平均分子量は69,000であった。
三口丸底フラスコに、下記モノマーL(5.0mmol)、下記モノマーB(2.0mmol)、下記モノマーT3(4.0mmol)、及びアニソール(20mL)を加え、更に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降は正孔輸送性ポリマー1の合成と同様にして、正孔輸送性ポリマー3を合成した。得られた正孔輸送性ポリマー3の数平均分子量は15,800、重量平均分子量は141,100であった。
[実施例1]
正孔輸送性ポリマー1(10.0mg)をトルエン(1,991μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、下記オニウム塩(0.309mg)をトルエン(309μL)に溶解し、オニウム塩溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液とオニウム塩溶液とを混合し、塗布溶液(電荷輸送性材料を含有するインク組成物)を調製した。塗布溶液を、室温(25℃)で回転数3,000min-1で石英ガラス板上にスピンコートし、有機薄膜を形成した。次いで、石英ガラス板をホットプレート上で、180℃、10分間の条件で加熱した。その後、石英ガラス板をピンセットで掴んで、トルエン(25℃)を満たした200mLビーカーに浸漬し、石英ガラス板を、石英ガラス板の厚み方向に10秒間に10往復振動させた。浸漬前後の有機薄膜のUV-visスペクトルにおける吸収極大(λmax)の吸光度(Abs)の比から、以下の式により有機薄膜の残膜率を求めた。残膜率が高いほど、電荷輸送性材料の溶解度変化が大きいといえる。
正孔輸送性ポリマー1(10.0mg)をトルエン(1,189μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、上記オニウム塩(1.01mg)をトルエン(1,111μL)に溶解し、オニウム塩溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液とオニウム塩溶液とを混合し、塗布溶液(電荷輸送性材料を含有するインク組成物)を調製した。塗布溶液を、室温(25℃)で回転数3,000min-1で石英ガラス板上にスピンコートし、有機薄膜を形成した。次いで、実施例1と同様に、電荷輸送性材料の溶解度変化の評価を行った。
正孔輸送性ポリマー2(10.0mg)をトルエン(1,991μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、上記オニウム塩(0.309mg)をトルエン(309μL)に溶解し、オニウム塩溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液とオニウム塩溶液とを混合し、塗布溶液(電荷輸送性材料を含有するインク組成物)を調製した。塗布溶液を、室温(25℃)で回転数3,000min-1で石英ガラス板上にスピンコートし、有機薄膜を形成した。次いで、実施例1と同様に、電荷輸送性材料の溶解度変化の評価を行った。
正孔輸送性ポリマー1(10.0mg)をトルエン(2,301μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液(インク組成物)を室温(25℃)で回転数3,000min-1で石英ガラス板上にスピンコートし、有機薄膜を形成した。次いで、実施例1と同様に、正孔輸送性ポリマーの溶解度変化の評価を行った。
正孔輸送性ポリマー3(10.0mg)をトルエン(1,991μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、上記オニウム塩(0.309mg)をトルエン(309μL)に溶解し、オニウム塩溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液とオニウム塩溶液とを混合し、塗布溶液(インク組成物)を調製した。塗布溶液を、室温(25℃)で回転数3,000min-1で石英ガラス板上にスピンコートし、有機薄膜を形成した。次いで、実施例1と同様に、電荷輸送性材料の溶解度変化の評価を行った。
正孔輸送性ポリマー3(10.0mg)をトルエン(1,189μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、上記オニウム塩(1.01mg)をトルエン(1,111μL)に溶解し、オニウム塩溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液とオニウム塩溶液とを混合し、塗布溶液(インク組成物)を調製した。塗布溶液を、室温(25℃)で回転数3,000min-1で石英ガラス板上にスピンコートし、有機薄膜を形成した。次いで、実施例1と同様に、電荷輸送性材料の溶解度変化の評価を行った。
[実施例4]
正孔輸送性ポリマー1(10.0mg)、前記オニウム塩(0.5mg)、及びトルエン(2.3mL)を混合し、インク組成物1を調製した。窒素雰囲気下で、ITOを1.6mm幅にパターニングしたガラス基板上に、インク組成物1を回転数3,000min-1でスピンコートした後、ホットプレート上で210℃、10分間加熱し、正孔注入層(30nm)を形成した。
正孔輸送性ポリマー1を正孔輸送性ポリマー2に代えた以外は実施例4と同様にして、有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔輸送性ポリマー1を正孔輸送性ポリマー3に代えた以外は実施例4と同様にして、有機EL素子を作製した。正孔輸送層の形成時に正孔注入層が溶解し、多層構造を形成することができなかった。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 陰極
5 電子注入層
6 正孔輸送層
7 電子輸送層
8 基板
Claims (16)
- 前記正孔輸送性ポリマーが分岐構造を有する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電荷輸送性材料。
- 前記正孔輸送性ポリマーが、芳香族アミン構造及びカルバゾール構造からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の電荷輸送性材料。
- 前記正孔輸送性ポリマーが、前記式(Ia)で表される基を、少なくとも1つの末端に有する、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の電荷輸送性材料。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の電荷輸送性材料と溶媒とを含有する、インク組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の電荷輸送性材料により形成されている、有機層。
- 請求項8に記載の有機層を有する、有機エレクトロニクス素子。
- 請求項8に記載の有機層を有する、有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。
- 請求項10に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を備えた、表示素子。
- 請求項10に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を備えた、照明装置。
- 請求項12に記載の照明装置と、表示手段として液晶素子とを備えた、表示装置。
- 請求項7に記載のインク組成物を塗布し、塗布層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗布層に、加熱処理及び光照射処理からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の処理を加える工程を含む、有機層の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載のインク組成物を塗布し、塗布層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗布層に、加熱処理及び光照射処理からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の処理を加え、有機層を形成する工程を含む、有機エレクトロニクス素子の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載のインク組成物を塗布し、塗布層を形成する工程、及び、前記塗布層に、加熱処理及び光照射処理からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の処理を加え、有機層を形成する工程を含む、有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子の製造方法。
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CN109643765A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
KR20190042595A (ko) | 2019-04-24 |
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