WO2018028367A1 - Unité de générateur thermoacoustique multi-étage et système de réfrigération régénératif de chaleur multi-étage comprenant celle-ci - Google Patents
Unité de générateur thermoacoustique multi-étage et système de réfrigération régénératif de chaleur multi-étage comprenant celle-ci Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018028367A1 WO2018028367A1 PCT/CN2017/092223 CN2017092223W WO2018028367A1 WO 2018028367 A1 WO2018028367 A1 WO 2018028367A1 CN 2017092223 W CN2017092223 W CN 2017092223W WO 2018028367 A1 WO2018028367 A1 WO 2018028367A1
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- thermoacoustic
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- piston
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
- F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of thermoacoustic generator equipment, in particular to a multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set and a multi-stage regenerative refrigeration system having the same.
- thermoacoustic engine is a new type of power unit that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. If it is connected to a generator, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy to form a thermoacoustic generator.
- the thermoacoustic generator is an external combustion type power generation equipment that can generate electricity by using waste heat, solar energy, industrial waste heat, etc., and thus has broad application prospects.
- thermoacoustic engine is shown in FIG. 1, and its core components include a main water cooler 1, a regenerator 2, a heater 3, a heat buffer tube 4, and a sub-water cooler 5.
- a main water cooler 1 When the mechanical energy in the form of sound waves is input from the main water cooler 1, if the heater 3 is heated at this time, a certain temperature gradient is formed in the axial direction of the regenerator 2, the energy of the sound wave is amplified in the regenerator 2, Thereby, more mechanical energy is output outward at the secondary water cooler 5.
- the mechanical energy in the form of sound waves can drive the piston 6 of the generator to move, cutting the magnetic lines of force, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- the secondary water cooler 5 mainly operates the generator piston 6 at a lower temperature, and the heat buffer tube 4 is used to connect the high temperature heater 3 and the lower temperature secondary water cooler 5 to provide heat buffering and heat reduction.
- the sound waves input to the engine can be generated by the reciprocating motion of the compressor piston 7.
- the energy of the sound wave can be enlarged to about 2.5 times after passing through the thermoacoustic engine, and the thermoacoustic engine converts the heat energy.
- the efficiency of sound energy is about 40%, and the efficiency of general compressors and generators is about 85%.
- the output sound of the compressor is 1 kW
- the compressor consumes about 1.176 kW of electric power
- the output sound of the engine is about 2.5 kW.
- the energy output is about 3.75kW
- the output power of the generator is about 2.125kW.
- the net output power is about 0.959kW
- the thermoelectric efficiency of the whole machine is 25.3%. It can be seen that although the heat-to-work efficiency of the thermoacoustic engine can reach 40%, the thermoelectric efficiency of the system has become very low because of the conversion between electricity and work.
- thermoacoustic generator In order to eliminate the loss of the electro-acoustic conversion process of the compressor and improve the efficiency, another structure of the thermoacoustic generator has been proposed. As shown in FIG. 2, a part of the sound power flowing out from the thermoacoustic engine is fed back to the main water cooler of the thermoacoustic engine by using a feedback tube 11, thereby realizing the cyclic amplification of the sound power.
- the power generation efficiency of the whole machine in this structure is basically equal to the thermoacoustic conversion efficiency of the engine and the acoustic-electric conversion efficiency of the generator, that is, about 34%.
- thermoacoustic generators and Stirling generator systems are mainly used to adjust the amplitude of the system by changing the heating temperature. Due to the presence of heat capacity, the amplitude of the system cannot respond immediately to load changes, which is very likely to cause the motor. Destroyed by hitting the cylinder. The operating frequency of the system is determined by its own structure and cannot be adjusted. The output of the motor must pass through the inverter to input into the grid, which is not only complicated but also reduces efficiency.
- thermoacoustic generators have the disadvantages of low efficiency and difficulty in matching the design of the motor; the temperature of the heaters of the current thermoacoustic generators is usually fixed, and it is difficult to use the thermal energy of different temperature grades in cascade; The amplitude cannot be changed instantaneously, so the control is complicated; in addition, the frequency cannot be actively adjusted, so an additional inverter system must be added to access the Internet.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set and a multi-stage regenerative refrigeration system having the same, which can improve the thermoelectric efficiency of the thermoacoustic generator set and realize the cascade utilization of different grades of thermal energy. And at the same time realize the instantaneous change of the system amplitude and the main frequency Dynamic adjustment.
- thermoacoustic generator set comprising a plurality of sets of thermoacoustic engines, the plurality of sets of the thermoacoustic engines being sequentially connected in series between a compressor and a generator, and each group is described
- the thermoacoustic engines are each coupled by a harmonic sub-assembly for enabling simultaneous formation of a traveling wave sound field in each of the sets of thermoacoustic engines.
- the resonant subassembly includes a mass piston and a resonant spring, each set of the thermoacoustic engine has an acoustic wave inlet at one end and a mechanical energy outlet at the other end, the resonant spring has one end fixed and the other end
- the mass piston is disposed between the mechanical energy outlets and the acoustic inlets of two adjacent sets of the thermoacoustic engines.
- mass piston and the resonant spring are mounted in series between the mechanical energy outlets and the acoustic wave inlets of two adjacent sets of the thermoacoustic engines.
- a bypass groove is disposed between the mechanical energy outlet and the acoustic wave inlet of the adjacent two groups of the thermoacoustic engines, and the mass piston is installed in the bypass groove.
- the resonant subassembly includes a resonance tube having an inner diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the thermoacoustic engine.
- thermoacoustic engine includes a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a heater that are sequentially connected, and the main water cooler is connected to a compressor that is connected to the generator.
- thermoacoustic engine further includes a heat buffer tube and a secondary water cooler, and the heat buffer tube and the sub water cooler are sequentially connected between the heater and the generator, or between the heater and the resonator.
- the compressor is provided with a compressor piston, and the main water cooler is connected to the compressor piston.
- the generator is provided with a generator piston, and the secondary water cooler is connected to the generator piston.
- the present invention also provides a multi-stage regenerative refrigeration system characterized by comprising a multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set as described above.
- the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set of the present invention comprises a plurality of sets of thermoacoustic engines, and the plurality of sets of thermoacoustic engines are sequentially connected in series to the compressor and the generator. And each group of thermoacoustic engines are coupled by a resonant sub-assembly.
- the resonant sub-assembly is used to simultaneously form a traveling wave sound field in each group of thermoacoustic engines, and the two sets of thermoacoustic engine groups are made by the resonant sub-assembly.
- thermoacoustic generator set can also realize the step utilization of different grades of thermal energy, so that the multi-stage regenerative refrigeration system with the unit has higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency and maximizes system working efficiency.
- the amplitude and frequency of the system can be controlled instantaneously by the compressor.
- the load out point change is such that the motor amplitude is too large, the input work of the compressor can be immediately reduced.
- the motor amplitude is insufficient, the input work of the compressor can be increased.
- the frequency of compression can be set to exactly match the grid frequency, and can be actively adjusted in a small range, so the power output from the generator can be directly matched to the grid without the need for an inverter process.
- thermoacoustic generator 1 is a schematic structural view of a prior art thermoacoustic generator
- thermoacoustic generator 2 is a schematic structural view of another thermoacoustic generator of the prior art
- thermoacoustic generator set according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- thermoacoustic generator set according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a thermoacoustic generator set according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- thermoacoustic generator set according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- multiple or “multiple sets” means two (two groups) or two (two groups) or more unless otherwise stated.
- the position or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for the convenience of the description of the present invention and the simplified description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to has a specific orientation, is constructed in a specific orientation, and The operation is therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.
- connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
- the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set provided in this embodiment includes a plurality of sets of thermoacoustic engines, and a plurality of sets of thermoacoustic engines are sequentially connected in series between the compressor and the generator, and each group of thermoacoustic engines is between
- the resonator sub-assembly is used to enable the formation of a traveling wave sound field in each group of thermoacoustic engines, and the resonator sub-assembly is used to obtain a good match between the two groups of thermoacoustic engine groups in each group of heat.
- the traveling wave sound field can be simultaneously formed in the acoustic engine group, thereby improving the thermoelectric efficiency of the thermoacoustic generator set, and at the same time, setting the operating temperature of each group of thermoacoustic engines to different temperatures, thereby also enabling the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set to be realized. Cascade utilization of different grades of thermal energy.
- the thermoacoustic engine includes a main water cooler 1, a regenerator 2, a heater 3, a heat buffer tube 4 and a sub water cooler 5 which are connected in series, the main water cooler 1 is connected to the compressor, and the sub water cooler 5 is connected to the generator. Further, the heat buffer tube 4 and the sub-water cooler 5 may be sequentially connected between the heater 3 and the resonator sub-assembly.
- the main water cooler 1 is connected to the compressor through the compressor piston 7, and the reciprocating motion of the compressor piston 7 can generate reliable sound waves, and thus the thermoacoustic engine and the compressor piston The end of the 7 connection is the sound wave inlet.
- the secondary water cooler 5 is connected to the generator through the generator piston 6, and the thermoacoustic engine uses mechanical energy to push the movement of the generator piston 6 to cut the magnetic lines of force, thereby mechanical energy. It is converted into electrical energy, so the end of the thermoacoustic engine connected to the generator piston 6 is a mechanical energy outlet.
- thermoacoustic generator set of the first embodiment two sets of thermoacoustic engines are sequentially installed between the compressor and the generator, and the two sets of thermoacoustic engines are coupled by a resonance sub-assembly.
- a resonant sub-assembly includes a mass piston 8 and a resonant spring 9. Since each group of thermoacoustic engines has an acoustic wave inlet at one end and a mechanical energy outlet at the other end, two adjacent sets of thermal sounds are emitted.
- the mechanical energy outlets of the former group of thermoacoustic engines are in communication with the acoustic wave inlets of the latter group of thermoacoustic engines to ensure that the direction of energy conversion between the plurality of thermoacoustic engines is uniform; the mass piston 8 and the resonant spring 9 are mounted to the phase Between the mechanical energy outlets of the two sets of thermoacoustic engines and the acoustic wave inlet, the resonant spring 9 is connected to the mass piston 8, and the mass piston 8 can reciprocate toward the acoustic wave inlet direction of the thermoacoustic engine. .
- thermoacoustic engines to achieve higher thermoacoustic conversion efficiency, the internal sound field conditions are essential, and the traveling wave sound field must be realized in the middle of the regenerator 2, while the traveling wave sound field is adjusted by the compressor piston 7 and The mass of the generator piston 6 and the internal spring stiffness thereof are realized, and each group of thermoacoustic engines are coupled by a resonator sub-assembly, and the resonator sub-assembly can adjust the dynamic mass and spring stiffness of the mass piston 8 to make adjacent A good match between the two thermoacoustic engines is achieved, so that a traveling wave sound field is simultaneously generated in the regenerator 2 of the two thermoacoustic engines.
- the resonator sub-assembly has the function of transmitting sound waves to match the sound field without energy conversion, so the energy passing through the resonator sub-assembly has a high pass efficiency, usually up to about 95%.
- thermoacoustic engine close to the compressor is the first-order thermoacoustic engine.
- the thermoacoustic engine close to the generator is a two-stage thermoacoustic engine. When 1kW of sound power is input into the first-stage thermoacoustic engine, the electric power consumption is still 1.176kW, and the sound output of the first-stage thermoacoustic engine is 2.5kW.
- thermoacoustic generator The resonant sound component of the resonant sub-assembly becomes 2.375 kW, the acoustic power output of the secondary thermoacoustic engine is 5.938 kW, the output power of the generator is 5.047 kW, and the total thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoacoustic generator is 30.58%. It can be seen that after the addition of the first-class thermoacoustic engine, the total efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
- the heaters 3 of the respective thermoacoustic engines can adopt different heating temperatures, for example, if there is 900K of flue gas, it can be utilized.
- One of the thermoacoustic engines is a first-grade thermoacoustic engine, so that the heater 3 of the first-stage thermoacoustic engine absorbs the heat of the flue gas, and the temperature thereof is lowered to about 800K (the operating temperature of the first-stage thermoacoustic engine is 800K), and the smoke is utilized.
- the heat released by the gas from 900K to 800K drives the first-order thermoacoustic engine to work.
- thermoacoustic engine uses another thermoacoustic engine as the secondary thermoacoustic engine, and use the heater 3 of the secondary thermoacoustic engine to absorb the heat of the flue gas, and reduce the temperature to about 700K (the operating temperature of the secondary thermoacoustic engine is 700K).
- Q2 drives the secondary thermoacoustic engine. If the ambient temperature is 300K, the maximum sound power W that can be converted by the two thermoacoustic engines is:
- thermoacoustic engine If there is only one thermoacoustic engine, although the heater 3 can also absorb the heat released by the flue gas from 900K to 700K, since the heater 3 can only work at a single temperature, the operating temperature of the separate thermoacoustic engine is only Can be 700K, so the maximum sound work W' that the thermoacoustic engine can convert is:
- W' is less than W. Therefore, when only a separate thermoacoustic engine is used, the step utilization of heat cannot be performed, and at this time, less sound power can be converted.
- the multi-stage thermoacoustic engine set of the second embodiment is basically the same as the multi-stage thermoacoustic engine set described in the first embodiment, and the same points are not described again.
- the difference is that the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set of the second embodiment
- thermoacoustic generator set of the second embodiment There are three sets of thermoacoustic engines sequentially installed between the compressor and the generator, and each set of thermoacoustic engines is coupled by a resonant sub-assembly, the resonant sub-assembly is assembled, the resonant spring 9 and the mass piston 8 In connection, the mass piston 8 can reciprocate toward the acoustic wave inlet of the thermoacoustic engine.
- the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set of the second embodiment increases the number of thermoacoustic engines to three, as shown in FIG. 4, therefore, the thermoelectricity of the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set under the same conditions. Efficiency will increase to 32%. Similarly, if the number of thermoacoustic engines is increased to four, the thermoelectric efficiency of the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set under the same conditions can be increased to 32.7%. Theoretically, if the efficiency of the resonator is 1, then as the number of engines increases, the efficiency of the system will approach the product of the thermoacoustic engine efficiency and the efficiency of the generator, and the influence of the compressor will gradually disappear.
- thermoacoustic engines are installed in the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set, more heat can be absorbed from the flue gas for driving, and each thermoacoustic engine is driven.
- the operating temperatures are set at different temperatures to achieve a cascade of flue gas heat.
- the multi-stage thermoacoustic engine group of the third embodiment is basically the same as the multi-stage thermoacoustic engine group of the first embodiment, and the same points are not described again, except that: the third embodiment When the resonator subassembly is installed, a bypass groove is provided between the mechanical energy outlet and the acoustic wave inlet of the adjacent two sets of thermoacoustic engines, and the mass piston 8 is installed in the bypass groove by the resonant spring 9.
- the multi-stage thermoacoustic engine group of the fourth embodiment is basically the same as the multi-stage thermoacoustic engine group described in the first embodiment, and the same points are not described again, except that:
- the resonator sub-assembly comprises a resonance tube 10 having an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the thermoacoustic engine, having a gas in the resonance tube 10, the gas having a predetermined inertia and elasticity, and utilizing the inertia of the gas in the resonance tube 10 and the gas elasticity to generate resonance
- the function is to enable the two groups of thermoacoustic engines connected to both ends of the resonance tube 10 to simultaneously form a traveling wave sound field, thereby obtaining a good match between the two groups of thermoacoustic engine groups, thereby improving the thermoelectricity of the thermoacoustic generator set. effectiveness.
- the fifth embodiment provides a multi-stage regenerative refrigeration system, which includes at least one of the four embodiments as described above, and may also adopt the above four embodiments.
- Several multi-stage thermoacoustic generator sets are installed in a mixed manner.
- the multi-stage regenerative refrigeration system has higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency and can maximize system efficiency.
- the multi-stage thermoacoustic generator set includes a plurality of sets of thermoacoustic engines, and the plurality of sets of thermoacoustic engines are sequentially connected in series between the compressor and the generator, and each group of thermoacoustic engines Each of them is coupled by a resonator sub-assembly, which is used to enable a traveling wave sound field to be simultaneously formed in each group of thermoacoustic engines, and a harmonic sub-competition is used to obtain a good match between adjacent two groups of thermoacoustic engine groups.
- the traveling acoustic wave field can be simultaneously formed in the group of thermoacoustic engine groups, thereby improving the thermoelectric efficiency of the thermoacoustic generator set, and simultaneously setting the operating temperature of each group of thermoacoustic engines to different temperatures, thereby further enabling the multi-stage thermoacoustic power generation.
- the unit realizes the cascade utilization of different grades of thermal energy, so that the multi-stage regenerative refrigeration system with the unit has higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency and maximizes system working efficiency.
- the amplitude and frequency of the system can be controlled instantaneously by the compressor.
- the load out point change is such that the motor amplitude is too large, the input work of the compressor can be immediately reduced.
- the motor amplitude is insufficient, the input work of the compressor can be increased.
- the frequency of compression can be set to exactly match the grid frequency, and can be actively adjusted in a small range, so the power output from the generator can be directly matched to the grid without the need for an inverter process.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne également une unité de générateur thermoacoustique multi-étage et un système de réfrigération régénératif de chaleur multi-étage le comprenant. L'unité de générateur thermoacoustique multi-étage comprend de multiples ensembles de moteurs thermoacoustiques qui sont connectés de manière séquentielle entre un compresseur et un générateur et sont couplés l'un à l'autre au moyen d'ensembles résonateurs pour permettre à des champs sonores d'ondes progressives d'être simultanément générés dans chaque ensemble de moteurs thermoacoustiques . Au moyen des ensembles résonateurs, les couples d'ensembles de moteurs thermoacoustiques correspondent bien les uns aux autres, et des champs sonores à ondes progressives peuvent être simultanément générés dans chaque ensemble de moteurs thermoacoustiques, de telle sorte que l'efficacité de thermoélectricité de l'unité de générateur thermoacoustique est améliorée. De plus, en réglant différentes températures de fonctionnement pour chaque ensemble de moteurs thermoacoustiques, l'unité de générateur thermoacoustique multi-étage peut utiliser l'énergie thermique de différents grades d'une manière étagée, de telle sorte que le système de réfrigération à récupération de chaleur multi-étage ayant l'unité présente une efficacité de conversion thermoélectrique accrue.
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