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WO2018015628A1 - Bodybuilding apparatus using air resistance provided with load variation means - Google Patents

Bodybuilding apparatus using air resistance provided with load variation means Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018015628A1
WO2018015628A1 PCT/FR2017/051828 FR2017051828W WO2018015628A1 WO 2018015628 A1 WO2018015628 A1 WO 2018015628A1 FR 2017051828 W FR2017051828 W FR 2017051828W WO 2018015628 A1 WO2018015628 A1 WO 2018015628A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
load
movement
cylinder
variation
compensation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2017/051828
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yves Minguet
Stéphane Mercier
Original Assignee
Multi'form
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Multi'form filed Critical Multi'form
Priority to EP17745834.6A priority Critical patent/EP3487589A1/en
Publication of WO2018015628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018015628A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/008—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters
    • A63B21/0085—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters using pneumatic force-resisters
    • A63B21/0087—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters using pneumatic force-resisters of the piston-cylinder type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/00058—Mechanical means for varying the resistance
    • A63B21/00069—Setting or adjusting the resistance level; Compensating for a preload prior to use, e.g. changing length of resistance or adjusting a valve
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/00181—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices comprising additional means assisting the user to overcome part of the resisting force, i.e. assisted-active exercising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
    • A63B21/4027—Specific exercise interfaces
    • A63B21/4033—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms
    • A63B21/4035—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms for operation by hand
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
    • A63B21/4041—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof characterised by the movements of the interface
    • A63B21/4045—Reciprocating movement along, in or on a guide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B23/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body
    • A63B23/035—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B23/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body
    • A63B23/035—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously
    • A63B23/12—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously for upper limbs or related muscles, e.g. chest, upper back or shoulder muscles
    • A63B23/1209—Involving a bending of elbow and shoulder joints simultaneously
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0087—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of groups A63B21/00 - A63B23/00, e.g. controlling load
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
    • A63B2220/803—Motion sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of air resistance apparatus used in bodybuilding, gymnastics or rehabilitation to exercise muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and eccentric mode.
  • the invention thus relates more particularly to an air-resistance apparatus with which one exercises with a load in generally eccentric mode which is greater than the load in concentric mode.
  • the current training in bodybuilding consists of mobilizing the movable element relative to the chassis against the resistance of the pneumatic cylinder in a forward movement and a return movement for successively exercising muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and eccentric fashion.
  • the current training in bodybuilding with air resistance devices consists in pushing and retaining the same load exerted by the pneumatic cylinder.
  • resistance does not vary between concentric and eccentric movement.
  • the variables of the training with the conventional apparatuses concern the quantity of movements carried out, the number of series and the number of repetitions of each series, the speed of execution, the amplitude of the movement, the time of rest between series and the load each series, increasing or decreasing the load.
  • the load exerted by the cylinder is a possible variable between each series and can not generally be modified during the same movement.
  • the advantage of modifying the load during the movement is in particular to be able to precisely obtain a higher load when the user works in eccentric mode.
  • the motor muscles contract in a phase corresponding to the forward movement and stretch in a phase corresponding to the return movement (when the muscles contract, we speak of concentric movement and when the muscles stretch, we speak of eccentric movement ).
  • the muscles have a greater force in the eccentric phase than in the concentric phase.
  • Document EP 2,263,759 still discloses the use of jacks for compensating the load exerted by the weight stack. Specifically, the cylinder rod is retracted into the body in the deactivated mode (i.e., when the load compensation provided by the cylinders is not desired) and deployed to provide assistance in mounting the weight load when using a selector in activated mode (ie the load compensation provided by the cylinders is desired).
  • US 2012/329615 document is still known a weight training device for working groups of antagonist muscles in a two-way mode of operation (so-called "push and pull” mode), this device being provided with means for varying the load during the movement.
  • this is a device that is not intended to work the same muscle group in eccentric and concentric modes.
  • the present invention therefore has the main purpose of meeting this need by proposing an air resistance strength training device allowing the user to work with different loads during eccentric and concentric modes that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • an air resistance weight training apparatus for exercising muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and in eccentric mode, comprising a frame, at least one pneumatic load jack connecting the frame to an element movable relative to the frame and intended to be moved by a user in a forward movement and a return movement to generate a load successively exerting muscles or muscle groups in eccentric mode and concentric mode, load variation means for providing, during at least a portion of the forward movement or return movement, a variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder during the outward or reverse motion, and a system for automatically detecting a change in direction of displacement of the load jack corresponding to a change of direction of displacement of the Mobile ment and to enable variation of the load provided by means for varying the load as soon as a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder is detected.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is remarkable in particular that it uses means making it possible to vary the load (for example a charge compensation) during at least a portion of the forward movement or the return movement, this variation of load being controlled as soon as a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder rod is detected.
  • the user of the apparatus according to the invention can work with different loads during the concentric and eccentric modes.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is also remarkable in that the detection of a change of direction of displacement of the rod of the load jack and the activation of the variation of the load take place within a very short time and automatically, without the need for the user to manually activate this function.
  • the load cylinder comprises a control chamber supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system
  • the load variation means comprising means for controlling the compressed air supply system to enable to the load cylinder, on the one hand to generate the load successively exerting muscles or muscle groups in eccentric mode and concentric mode and, on the other hand, to provide a variation of the load during at least a portion of the movement to go or of the return movement.
  • the load variation is obtained by varying the pressure in the control chamber of the load cylinder.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one compensation jack intended to provide, during at least a portion of the forward movement or the return movement, a variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder.
  • the load variation consists of compensation of the load by the compensation jack.
  • the compensation jack can in particular provide a relief of the load to assist the movement in concentric mode.
  • This compensation jack can be a pneumatic jack, hydraulic or electric.
  • the load jack may comprise a rod attached to the movable member and a body attached to the frame
  • the compensation jack may comprise a rod attached to the movable member and a body attached to the frame, said compensation jack working in traction to assist the descent of the movable member from a high position to a low position.
  • the load jack may comprise a rod attached to the movable member and a body attached to the frame
  • the compensation jack may include a pin attached to the movable member and a body attached to the frame, said compensation jack working in thrust to assist the descent of the movable member from a high position to a low position.
  • the system for automatically detecting a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder may comprise a position sensor or pressure sensor, and a module for automatically triggering the variation of the load upon receipt of a change of direction information moving a rod of the load cylinder.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling the variation of the load generated by the movement of the load jack of an air resistance weight training apparatus as defined above, comprising:
  • the method may further include sensing the load selected by a user, and controlling the variation of the load as a function of the selected load.
  • the method may further include detecting a selected training program, the training program being selected by one of the following programs:
  • FIG. 1 shows in perspective an apparatus according to the invention for the exercise of the high back and the seated developed
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a compensation jack for the implementation of the invention on the weight training apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a compensation jack for the implementation of the invention on the weight training apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of a load jack for the implementation of the invention on the weight training apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • the invention is applicable to any air-resistance apparatus which is used for bodybuilding, gymnastics or rehabilitation to exercise muscles or muscle groups concentrically and eccentrically, such as the weight training apparatus 1 shown in FIG. Figure 1.
  • the weight training apparatus 1 shown in these figures is an air resistance weight training apparatus which is typically used to work the high backs or the pecs (by doing sit-ups).
  • the invention also applies to any other type of bodybuilding machine in which the load is generated by a pneumatic cylinder and for which the operation allows to exercise muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and eccentric mode.
  • This weight training device 1 comprises a user support forming a chassis 2 and here constituted of a seat comprising a backrest 4 and a seat 6.
  • the apparatus also includes a pneumatic load cylinder.
  • the load cylinder 8 comprises a body 8a provided with a control chamber 8c supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system 18, and a rod 8b capable of retracting and rotating. extend relative to the body 8a under the effect of the pressure inside the control chamber 8c.
  • the load cylinder then comprises a body provided with a control chamber opposite to the previously described control chamber 8c and supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system, and a rod adapted to retract and deploy relative to the body under the effect of the pressure inside the control chamber.
  • the body 8a of the load jack is fixed to frame 2 of the weight training device, for example at the rear of the seat 6, while the rod 8b of the load jack is fixed on a movable element of the device, namely here a handlebar 10.
  • a reverse configuration of the load cylinder could be considered (with the body attached to the handlebar and the rod fixed on the frame).
  • the load cylinder 8 is arranged such that, in the lower position of the handlebar 10, the rod 8b is in the extended position (ie outlet of the body 8a) and, in high position of the handlebar (case of Figure 1), the rod is in the retracted position (ie, returned to the inside of the body).
  • this weight training apparatus 1 further comprises a compensation jack 12 which is intended to provide, during at least a portion of the forward movement or the return movement of the handlebar 10, a variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder 10.
  • FIG. 2 represents an embodiment of implementation of the variation of the load according to the invention in which the compensation cylinder 12 is more precisely intended to provide a relief of the load to assist the movement of the handlebar in concentric mode (that is to say by relieving the load exerted by the load cylinder during the concentric mode).
  • the compensation cylinder 12 may be of the hydraulic type or of the pneumatic or even electric type. It comprises a body 12a provided with a control chamber 12c supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system not shown in the figures, and a rod 12b adapted to retract and deploy relative to the body 12a under the effect of the pressure inside the control chamber 12c.
  • the body 12a of the compensation cylinder is fixed to the frame 2 of the weight training device, for example at the rear of the seat 6, while the rod 12b of the cylinder of compensation is attached to the handlebar 10.
  • the weight training apparatus 1 further comprises a system for automatically detecting a change of direction of movement of the rod of the load jack whatever the position of the rod of this jack and to activate the variation of load supplied by the compensation cylinder upon detection of a change of direction of movement of the rod of the load cylinder.
  • this detection system is not intended to detect the simple linear position of the rod of the load jack, but a change of direction of displacement thereof, this change of direction of displacement corresponding to a change of direction of movement of the handlebars 10.
  • this detection system comprises in particular a sensor of the position sensor type which will indicate a change of direction of movement of the rod of the jack or a pressure sensor which will measure a change of variation of the pressure inside. of the cylinder.
  • the detection system is connected to a module 16 itself connected to the compensation jack 12 to control it.
  • the module 16 is connected to a power supply, and can be connected to a digital-to-analog converter that makes the module compatible with any other detection and control system, including a paper printer, a computer, a touch screen, etc. .
  • the detection system makes it possible to supply the module 16 with information relating to a change of direction in the displacement of the rod of the load jack 8. Upon receipt of this information relating to the change of direction of the displacement of the rod 8b of the load jack, the module 16 automatically triggers the variation of the load supplied by the compensation jack 12.
  • the control signal is triggered. to allow the compensation cylinder 12 to assist in the descent of the handlebar (ie the compensation cylinder pulls the handlebars downwards when the user pulls on the latter to bring it from its high position to its low position) .
  • the pulling force exerted by the compensation cylinder when it is triggered can be previously programmed by the user according to his needs. From a command on the module 16, the user can, for example, program a particular percentage of the load to be supplied in concentric mode with respect to a particular load to be supplied in eccentric mode.
  • the rod of the load cylinder changes direction of movement again, which is detected by the detection system 14 of a change of detection of displacement of the rod of the load cylinder. This information is then sent to the module 16 which automatically sends a control signal to the compensation jack to deactivate it.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the compensation jack 12 ' is mounted on the frame 2 of the weight training apparatus in opposition to the arrangement of the load jack 8.
  • This compensation cylinder 12 ' comprises a body 12'a which is fixed on the chassis 2 of the weight training device and which is provided with a control chamber 12'c supplied with compressed air by an air supply system compressed (not shown), and a rod 12'b which is fixed on the handlebar 10.
  • the operation is as follows: upon receipt of a direction change information of the displacement of the rod of the load jack 8, the module 16 automatically triggers the variation of the load provided by the compensation jack 12 'to enable it to assist in the lowering the handlebar (ie the compensation cylinder pushes down on the handlebars when the user pulls on the handlebar to bring it from its high position to its low position).
  • FIG. 4 represents another variant embodiment of the invention in which the load jack 8 'is a cylinder capable, on the one hand, of generating the load and, on the other hand, of providing a variation of the load during at least a portion of the outward or return movement.
  • the load cylinder 8 here comprises a body 8'a fixed to the frame 2 of the weight training device and provided with a control chamber 8'c supplied with compressed air by a feed system 18', and a Rod 8'b fixed on the handlebar 10.
  • a body 8'a fixed to the frame 2 of the weight training device and provided with a control chamber 8'c supplied with compressed air by a feed system 18', and a Rod 8'b fixed on the handlebar 10.
  • a control chamber 8'c supplied with compressed air by a feed system 18'
  • Rod 8'b fixed on the handlebar 10.
  • the compressed air supply system 18 'of the control chamber 8'c of the load cylinder is here controlled by the module 16, the latter thus making it possible to manage the pressure of the compressed air which supplies this control chamber.
  • the load cylinder 8 ' is furthermore equipped with a detection system 14 for a change in the direction of movement of the rod 8'b of the load jack 8' connected to the module 16.
  • the module 16 controls the compressed air supply system 18 'of the control chamber 8'c of the load jack to automatically activate the load variation.
  • the module 16 sends a control signal to the compressed air supply system. 18 'to reduce the pressure of compressed air in the chamber 8'c of the load cylinder 8' (ie the load cylinder 8 'produces a lower resistance when the user pulls on the handlebars to bring it from its up position in its low position).
  • the weight training device may comprise a microcomputer comprising a memory which stores a code configured to execute the different modes of use, with the detection of the movement and the supply of the load variation according to the mode of operation. chosen use and motion detection.
  • This code can be stored on a non-transitory medium. Standard concentric / eccentric mode
  • the user selects a load for the eccentric phase or a load for the concentric phase, and the module 16 determines the load for the other phase, depending on the applicable percentage, for example 40%.
  • This percentage can be fixed, variable thanks to the use of a touch screen, or thanks to several corresponding buttons (30%, 40% and 50% only, for example). It is possible for a coach to determine which loads to use, in which case a password may be required.
  • the module 16 then applies the selected assistance as soon as the movement (eccentric phase or concentric phase) is detected by the system for the concentric phase. Once the module detects that the load cylinder rod changes direction of travel, the load variation (here a load compensation) is disabled.
  • the load is continuously varied, forcing the user to adjust his strength and continuously compensate.
  • the charge compensation is then modified during movement, either according to a specific program or randomly.
  • the detection of the change of direction of the displacement of the rod of the load cylinder is used to control the compensation.
  • the charge compensation varies, it is generally more important at the beginning of movement, and less important at the end of the movement.
  • This mode of use can be advantageous for exercises where the user has more trouble starting the movement, for example for ergonomic reasons.
  • the compensation provided may be, for example, 70% during the first quarter of movement, and once the system detects that the movement has exceeded a quarter, the compensation is reduced to 40%.
  • the charge compensation varies, so that it is important on part of the movement and null or almost zero on the other part of the movement.
  • This mode of operation makes it possible to move the load without much effort on a part of the movement, to stop and hold all the load statically for a moment, then to push the load by accelerating by requesting the compensation.
  • the device can detect that the amplitude of the movement is reduced, and can deduce that the user is tired.
  • the system provides compensation (for example 10 to 20% of the load) to lighten the load and allow the user to finish the series.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a bodybuilding apparatus using air resistance, comprising a frame (2), a pneumatic load cylinder (8) connecting the frame to a movable element (10) that is movable relative to the frame and intended to be moved by a user in an outward motion and a return motion so as to generate a load successively exerting muscles or muscle groups in eccentric mode or concentric mode, load variation means (12) intended to provide, during at least a portion of the outward motion or return motion, a variation in the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder, and a system (14, 16) for automatically detecting a change in the direction of movement of the load cylinder and for activating the load variation provided by the load variation means upon detection of a change in the direction of movement. The invention also concerns a method for controlling the variation in load generated by the movement of the load cylinder of such an apparatus.

Description

Titre de l'invention  Title of the invention
Appareil de musculation à résistance à air muni de moyens de variation de charge Arrière-plan de l'invention  Air resistance bodybuilding apparatus having load variation means Background of the invention
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine général des appareils à résistance à air utilisés en musculation, gymnastique ou en rééducation pour exercer des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode concentrique et en mode excentrique.  The present invention relates to the general field of air resistance apparatus used in bodybuilding, gymnastics or rehabilitation to exercise muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and eccentric mode.
L'invention concerne ainsi plus particulièrement un appareil à résistance à air avec lequel l'on s'exerce avec une charge en mode généralement excentrique qui est supérieure à la charge en mode concentrique.  The invention thus relates more particularly to an air-resistance apparatus with which one exercises with a load in generally eccentric mode which is greater than the load in concentric mode.
Typiquement, un appareil de musculation, de gymnastique ou de rééducation à résistance à air comprend un élément mobile par rapport au châssis de l'appareil, cet élément mobile étant relié au châssis par l'intermédiaire d'un vérin de charge pneumatique.  Typically, a weight training device, gymnastics or air resistance training comprises a movable element relative to the frame of the device, this movable element being connected to the frame via a pneumatic load cylinder.
Avec cet appareil, l'entraînement courant en musculation consiste à mobiliser l'élément mobile par rapport au châssis contre la résistance du vérin pneumatique selon un mouvement aller et un mouvement retour permettant d'exercer successivement des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode concentrique et en mode excentrique.  With this apparatus, the current training in bodybuilding consists of mobilizing the movable element relative to the chassis against the resistance of the pneumatic cylinder in a forward movement and a return movement for successively exercising muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and eccentric fashion.
L'entraînement courant en musculation avec des appareils à résistance à air consiste à pousser et retenir la même charge exercée par le vérin pneumatique. Ainsi, la résistance ne varie pas entre le mouvement concentrique et le mouvement excentrique. Les variables de l'entraînement avec les appareils classiques concernent la quantité de mouvements effectués, le nombre de séries et le nombre de répétitions de chaque série, la vitesse d'exécution, l'amplitude du mouvement, le temps de repos entre séries et la charge de chaque série, en augmentant ou diminuant la charge. La charge exercée par le vérin est une variable possible entre chaque série et ne peut généralement pas être modifiée au cours d'un même mouvement.  The current training in bodybuilding with air resistance devices consists in pushing and retaining the same load exerted by the pneumatic cylinder. Thus, resistance does not vary between concentric and eccentric movement. The variables of the training with the conventional apparatuses concern the quantity of movements carried out, the number of series and the number of repetitions of each series, the speed of execution, the amplitude of the movement, the time of rest between series and the load each series, increasing or decreasing the load. The load exerted by the cylinder is a possible variable between each series and can not generally be modified during the same movement.
Or, l'intérêt de modifier la charge au cours du mouvement est notamment de pouvoir précisément obtenir une charge supérieure lorsque l'utilisateur travaille en mode excentrique. En effet, dans l'exécution d'un mouvement, les muscles moteurs se contractent dans une phase correspondant au mouvement aller et s'étirent dans une phase correspondant au mouvement retour (lorsque les muscles se contractent, on parle de mouvement concentrique et lorsque les muscles s'étirent, on parle de mouvement excentrique). Physiologiquement, les muscles ont une force plus importante en phase excentrique qu'en phase concentrique. Ainsi, typiquement, on peut retenir une charge supérieure à celle que l'on peut pousser. Now, the advantage of modifying the load during the movement is in particular to be able to precisely obtain a higher load when the user works in eccentric mode. Indeed, in the execution of a movement, the motor muscles contract in a phase corresponding to the forward movement and stretch in a phase corresponding to the return movement (when the muscles contract, we speak of concentric movement and when the muscles stretch, we speak of eccentric movement ). Physiologically, the muscles have a greater force in the eccentric phase than in the concentric phase. Thus, typically, one can retain a load greater than that which can be pushed.
Certains entraînements appliquent ce principe afin d'optimiser le travail de l'utilisateur dans les deux modes ou pour les besoins de rééducation du muscle ou de la prévention d'une blessure, par rapport à un appareil classique où la puissance musculaire en phase excentrique est limitée par le maximum de charge possible pour l'utilisateur en phase concentrique. En général, la charge concentrique s'élève à 60% de la charge excentrique, mais ce pourcentage peut varier selon les besoins.  Some practices apply this principle in order to optimize the user's work in both modes or for the needs of muscle rehabilitation or injury prevention, compared to a conventional device where eccentric muscle power is limited by the maximum possible load for the user in concentric phase. In general, the concentric load is 60% of the eccentric load, but this percentage may vary according to need.
Dans le domaine des appareils de musculation dans lesquels la charge mise en mouvement d'aller et retour par l'utilisateur est une pile de poids, il existe déjà des dispositifs permettant un travail avec une charge plus importante en mode excentrique qu'en mode concentrique.  In the field of weight machines in which the load set in motion of return and return by the user is a pile of weight, there are already devices allowing a work with a greater load in eccentric mode than in concentric mode .
On connaît ainsi du document US 5,328,429 le principe de recourir à un moteur électrique qui exerce une force de traction à la charge de la pile de poids. Cependant, une telle solution est très coûteuse et peut gêner les utilisateurs. En outre, dans ce document, le moteur électrique est utilisé comme un moyen d'ajouter une charge supplémentaire exclusivement pendant la descente de la pile de poids, c'est-à-dire pendant la phase excentrique.  US 5,328,429 discloses the principle of using an electric motor which exerts a tensile force to the load of the weight stack. However, such a solution is very expensive and can annoy users. In addition, in this document, the electric motor is used as a means of adding an additional load exclusively during the descent of the weight stack, that is to say during the eccentric phase.
Une autre mise en œuvre connue consiste à incliner la pile de poids en phase concentrique qui réduit la charge pendant la phase concentrique et remet verticalement la pile pendant la phase excentrique. Une telle solution est également très coûteuse, complexe à mettre en œuvre techniquement, et pose des problèmes de sécurité et de fiabilité.  Another known practice is to tilt the concentric phase weight stack which reduces the charge during the concentric phase and resets the cell vertically during the eccentric phase. Such a solution is also very expensive, complex to implement technically, and poses security and reliability problems.
On connaît encore du document EP 2,263,759 le recours à des vérins de compensation de la charge exercée par la pile de poids. Plus précisément, la tige des vérins est rétractée dans le corps en mode désactivé (c'est-à-dire lorsque la compensation de charge fournie par les vérins n'est pas souhaitée) et déployée pour fournir une aide pour monter la charge de poids lorsque l'utilisation appuie sur un sélecteur en mode activé (c'est-à-dire la compensation de charge fournie par les vérins est souhaitée). Document EP 2,263,759 still discloses the use of jacks for compensating the load exerted by the weight stack. Specifically, the cylinder rod is retracted into the body in the deactivated mode (i.e., when the load compensation provided by the cylinders is not desired) and deployed to provide assistance in mounting the weight load when using a selector in activated mode (ie the load compensation provided by the cylinders is desired).
On connaît encore du document US 2012/329615 un appareil de musculation destiné à travailler des groupes de muscles antagonistes selon un mode de fonctionnement bidirectionnel (mode dit « push and pull »), cet appareil étant muni de moyens pour faire varier la charge pendant le mouvement. Il s'agit cependant ici d'un appareil qui n'est pas destiné à travailler le même groupe musculaire selon des modes excentriques et concentriques.  US 2012/329615 document is still known a weight training device for working groups of antagonist muscles in a two-way mode of operation (so-called "push and pull" mode), this device being provided with means for varying the load during the movement. However, this is a device that is not intended to work the same muscle group in eccentric and concentric modes.
Même s'il existe dans l'art antérieur des solutions permettant de modifier la charge pendant un mouvement, cette modification de charge présente l'inconvénient majeur de posséder un temps de réaction long par rapport au temps d'exécution du mouvement.  Even though there exists in the prior art solutions for modifying the load during a movement, this load modification has the major disadvantage of having a long reaction time with respect to the execution time of the movement.
Objet et résumé de l'invention Object and summary of the invention
La présente invention a donc pour but principal de répondre à ce besoin en proposant un appareil de musculation à résistance à air permettant à l'utilisateur de travailler avec des charges différentes pendant les modes excentriques et concentriques qui ne présente pas les inconvénients précités.  The present invention therefore has the main purpose of meeting this need by proposing an air resistance strength training device allowing the user to work with different loads during eccentric and concentric modes that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.
Conformément à l'invention, ce but est atteint grâce à un appareil de musculation à résistance à air pour exercer des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode concentrique et en mode excentrique, comprenant un châssis, au moins un vérin de charge pneumatique reliant le châssis à un élément mobile par rapport au châssis et destiné à être déplacé par un utilisateur selon un mouvement aller et un mouvement retour pour générer une charge exerçant successivement des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode excentrique et en mode concentrique, des moyens de variation de charge destinés à fournir, pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour, une variation de la charge générée par le mouvement du vérin de charge pendant le mouvement aller ou le mouvement retour, et un système pour détecter de façon automatique un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge correspondant à un changement de direction de déplacement de l'élément mobile et pour activer la variation de la charge fournie par les moyens de variation de la charge dès détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge. According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of an air resistance weight training apparatus for exercising muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and in eccentric mode, comprising a frame, at least one pneumatic load jack connecting the frame to an element movable relative to the frame and intended to be moved by a user in a forward movement and a return movement to generate a load successively exerting muscles or muscle groups in eccentric mode and concentric mode, load variation means for providing, during at least a portion of the forward movement or return movement, a variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder during the outward or reverse motion, and a system for automatically detecting a change in direction of displacement of the load jack corresponding to a change of direction of displacement of the Mobile ment and to enable variation of the load provided by means for varying the load as soon as a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder is detected.
L'appareil selon l'invention est remarquable notamment en qu'il utilise des moyens permettant d'assurer une variation de la charge (par exemple une compensation de charge) pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour, cette variation de charge étant contrôlée dès détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge. Ainsi, l'utilisateur de l'appareil selon l'invention peut travailler avec des charges différentes pendant les modes concentriques et excentriques.  The apparatus according to the invention is remarkable in particular that it uses means making it possible to vary the load (for example a charge compensation) during at least a portion of the forward movement or the return movement, this variation of load being controlled as soon as a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder rod is detected. Thus, the user of the apparatus according to the invention can work with different loads during the concentric and eccentric modes.
L'appareil selon l'invention est également remarquable en ce que la détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge et l'activation de la variation de la charge s'effectuent dans un délai très bref et de façon automatique, sans nécessité pour l'utilisateur d'activer manuellement cette fonction. En particulier, il n'est pas nécessaire à l'utilisateur d'activer manuellement une commande d'un vérin de compensation de charge, cette variation de charge s'effectuant de manière automatique sur simple détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge. Tous problèmes de synchronisation entre les phases concentriques et excentriques et de concentration peuvent ainsi être évités pour l'utilisateur.  The apparatus according to the invention is also remarkable in that the detection of a change of direction of displacement of the rod of the load jack and the activation of the variation of the load take place within a very short time and automatically, without the need for the user to manually activate this function. In particular, it is not necessary for the user to manually activate a control of a load compensation cylinder, this load variation being effected automatically on simple detection of a change of direction of displacement of the load. the rod of the load cylinder. Any problems of synchronization between concentric and eccentric phases and concentration can thus be avoided for the user.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le vérin de charge comprend une chambre de pilotage alimentée en air comprimé par un système d'alimentation en air comprimé, les moyens de variation de charge comprenant des moyens de contrôle du système d'alimentation en air comprimé pour permettre au vérin de charge, d'une part de générer la charge exerçant successivement des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode excentrique et en mode concentrique et, d'autre part, de fournir une variation de la charge pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour. Ainsi, dans ce mode de réalisation, la variation de charge est obtenue par variation de la pression dans la chambre de pilotage du vérin de charge.  According to one embodiment, the load cylinder comprises a control chamber supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system, the load variation means comprising means for controlling the compressed air supply system to enable to the load cylinder, on the one hand to generate the load successively exerting muscles or muscle groups in eccentric mode and concentric mode and, on the other hand, to provide a variation of the load during at least a portion of the movement to go or of the return movement. Thus, in this embodiment, the load variation is obtained by varying the pressure in the control chamber of the load cylinder.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'appareil comprend au moins un vérin de compensation destinés à fournir, pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour, une variation de la charge générée par le mouvement du vérin de charge. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la variation de charge consiste en une compensation de la charge par le vérin de compensation. Le vérin de compensation peut notamment assurer un allégement de la charge pour assister le mouvement en mode concentrique. Ce vérin de compensation peut être un vérin pneumatique, hydraulique ou électrique. According to another embodiment, the apparatus comprises at least one compensation jack intended to provide, during at least a portion of the forward movement or the return movement, a variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder. In this embodiment, the load variation consists of compensation of the load by the compensation jack. The compensation jack can in particular provide a relief of the load to assist the movement in concentric mode. This compensation jack can be a pneumatic jack, hydraulic or electric.
De plus, le vérin de charge peut comprendre une tige fixée à l'élément mobile et un corps fixé au châssis, et le vérin de compensation peut comprendre une tige fixée à l'élément mobile et un corps fixé au châssis, ledit vérin de compensation travaillant en traction pour aider à la descente de l'élément mobile d'une position haute vers une position basse.  In addition, the load jack may comprise a rod attached to the movable member and a body attached to the frame, and the compensation jack may comprise a rod attached to the movable member and a body attached to the frame, said compensation jack working in traction to assist the descent of the movable member from a high position to a low position.
Alternativement, le vérin de charge peut comprendre une tige fixée à l'élément mobile et un corps fixé au châssis, et le vérin de compensation peut comprendre une tige fixée à l'élément mobile et un corps fixé au châssis, ledit vérin de compensation travaillant en poussée pour aider à la descente de l'élément mobile d'une position haute vers une position basse.  Alternatively, the load jack may comprise a rod attached to the movable member and a body attached to the frame, and the compensation jack may include a pin attached to the movable member and a body attached to the frame, said compensation jack working in thrust to assist the descent of the movable member from a high position to a low position.
Le système pour détecter de façon automatique un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge peut comprendre un capteur de position ou capteur de pression, et un module destiné à déclencher automatiquement la variation de la charge sur réception d'une information de changement de direction de déplacement d'une tige du vérin de charge.  The system for automatically detecting a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder may comprise a position sensor or pressure sensor, and a module for automatically triggering the variation of the load upon receipt of a change of direction information moving a rod of the load cylinder.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de contrôle de la variation de la charge générée par le mouvement du vérin de charge d'un appareil de musculation à résistance à air tel que défini précédemment, comprenant :  The invention also relates to a method for controlling the variation of the load generated by the movement of the load jack of an air resistance weight training apparatus as defined above, comprising:
la détection automatique d'un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge déplacé par un utilisateur selon un mouvement d'aller et retour ; et  automatic detection of a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder moved by a user in a back and forth motion; and
le contrôle de la variation de la charge fournie par les moyens de variation de charge dès la détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge.  controlling the variation of the load supplied by the load variation means as soon as a change in direction of movement of the load cylinder is detected.
Le procédé peut comprendre en outre la détection de la charge sélectionnée par un utilisateur, et le contrôle de la variation de la charge en fonction de la charge sélectionnée. Le procédé peut comprendre en outre la détection d'un programme d'entraînement choisi, le programme d'entraînement étant choisi par l'un des programmes suivants : The method may further include sensing the load selected by a user, and controlling the variation of the load as a function of the selected load. The method may further include detecting a selected training program, the training program being selected by one of the following programs:
- le pourcentage de la variation de charge,  - the percentage of the load variation,
- la variation continue de la charge, et  - the continuous variation of the load, and
- la modification de la variation de charge fournie le long d'une direction de mouvement ; et  - changing the load variation provided along a direction of movement; and
le contrôle de la variation de charge en fonction du programme. Brève description des dessins the control of the load variation according to the program. Brief description of the drawings
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent des exemples de réalisation dépourvus de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures :  Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate embodiments having no limiting character. In the figures:
- la figure 1 représente en perspective un appareil selon l'invention pour l'exercice des dorsaux hauts et pour le développé assis ;  - Figure 1 shows in perspective an apparatus according to the invention for the exercise of the high back and the seated developed;
- la figure 2 montre un premier mode de réalisation d'un vérin de compensation pour la mise en œuvre de l'invention sur l'appareil de musculation de la figure 1 ;  FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a compensation jack for the implementation of the invention on the weight training apparatus of FIG. 1;
- la figure 3 montre un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un vérin de compensation pour la mise en œuvre de l'invention sur l'appareil de musculation de la figure 1 ; et  FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a compensation jack for the implementation of the invention on the weight training apparatus of FIG. 1; and
- la figure 4 montre un troisième mode de réalisation d'un vérin de charge pour la mise en œuvre de l'invention sur l'appareil de musculation de la figure 1.  FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of a load jack for the implementation of the invention on the weight training apparatus of FIG. 1.
Description détaillée de l'invention Detailed description of the invention
L'invention s'applique à tout appareil à résistance à air qui est utilisé pour la musculation, la gymnastique ou la rééducation pour exercer des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode concentrique et en mode excentrique, tel que l'appareil de musculation 1 représenté sur la figure 1.  The invention is applicable to any air-resistance apparatus which is used for bodybuilding, gymnastics or rehabilitation to exercise muscles or muscle groups concentrically and eccentrically, such as the weight training apparatus 1 shown in FIG. Figure 1.
L'appareil de musculation 1 représenté sur ces figures est un appareil de musculation à résistance à air qui est typiquement utilisé pour travailler les dorsaux hauts ou les pectoraux (en effectuant des développés assis). Bien entendu, l'invention s'applique également à tout autre type appareil de musculation dans lequel la charge est générée par un vérin pneumatique et pour lequel le fonctionnement permet d'exercer des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode concentrique et en mode excentrique. The weight training apparatus 1 shown in these figures is an air resistance weight training apparatus which is typically used to work the high backs or the pecs (by doing sit-ups). Of course, the invention also applies to any other type of bodybuilding machine in which the load is generated by a pneumatic cylinder and for which the operation allows to exercise muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and eccentric mode.
Cet appareil de musculation 1 comprend un support d'utilisateur formant châssis 2 et constitué ici d'un siège comprenant un dossier 4 et une assise 6.  This weight training device 1 comprises a user support forming a chassis 2 and here constituted of a seat comprising a backrest 4 and a seat 6.
L'appareil comprend également un vérin de charge 8 pneumatique.  The apparatus also includes a pneumatic load cylinder.
Comme représenté sur la figure 2, le vérin de charge 8 comprend un corps 8a muni d'une chambre de pilotage 8c alimentée en air comprimé par un système d'alimentation en air comprimé 18, et une tige 8b apte à se rétracter et à se déployer par rapport au corps 8a sous l'effet de la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre de pilotage 8c.  As shown in FIG. 2, the load cylinder 8 comprises a body 8a provided with a control chamber 8c supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system 18, and a rod 8b capable of retracting and rotating. extend relative to the body 8a under the effect of the pressure inside the control chamber 8c.
Bien entendu, une configuration inverse du vérin de charge de la figure 2 est aussi possible. Dans cette configuration non représentée sur les figures, le vérin de charge comprend alors un corps muni d'une chambre de pilotage opposée à la chambre de pilotage 8c précédemment décrite et alimentée en air comprimé par un système d'alimentation en air comprimé, et une tige apte à se rétracter et à se déployer par rapport au corps sous l'effet de la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre de pilotage.  Of course, a reverse configuration of the load cylinder of Figure 2 is also possible. In this configuration, not shown in the figures, the load cylinder then comprises a body provided with a control chamber opposite to the previously described control chamber 8c and supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system, and a rod adapted to retract and deploy relative to the body under the effect of the pressure inside the control chamber.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, le corps 8a du vérin de charge est fixé sur châssis 2 de l'appareil de musculation, par exemple à l'arrière de l'assise 6, tandis que la tige 8b du vérin de charge est fixée sur un élément mobile de l'appareil, à savoir ici un guidon 10. Bien entendu, une configuration inverse du vérin de charge pourrait être envisagée (avec le corps fixé sur le guidon et la tige fixée sur le châssis).  In the example shown in Figure 1, the body 8a of the load jack is fixed to frame 2 of the weight training device, for example at the rear of the seat 6, while the rod 8b of the load jack is fixed on a movable element of the device, namely here a handlebar 10. Of course, a reverse configuration of the load cylinder could be considered (with the body attached to the handlebar and the rod fixed on the frame).
De plus, toujours dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, le vérin de charge 8 est agencé de telle sorte que, en position basse du guidon 10, la tige 8b est en position déployée (i.e. sortie du corps 8a) et, en position haute du guidon (cas de la figure 1), la tige est en position rétractée (i.e. rentrée à l'intérieur du corps).  In addition, still in the example shown in Figure 1, the load cylinder 8 is arranged such that, in the lower position of the handlebar 10, the rod 8b is in the extended position (ie outlet of the body 8a) and, in high position of the handlebar (case of Figure 1), the rod is in the retracted position (ie, returned to the inside of the body).
En configuration classique de l'appareil de musculation 1 de la figure 1, par exemple pour l'exercice des dorsaux hauts, l'utilisateur, assis sur l'assise 6 avec son dos reposant contre le dossier 4, se saisit des deux mains du guidon 10 qu'il tire vers le bas pour l'amener en position basse. Ce mouvement en mode concentrique s'effectue ainsi en luttant contre la résistance en poussée du vérin de charge 8. In the conventional configuration of the weight training apparatus 1 of FIG. 1, for example for the exercise of the high backs, the user, sitting on the seat 6 with his back resting against the backrest 4, grasps with both hands the handlebar 10 that pulls down to bring it down. This movement in concentric mode is thus done by fighting against the thrust resistance of the load jack 8.
Une fois le travail en mode concentrique terminé, l'utilisateur résiste contre la remontée du guidon 10 vers sa position haute, la tige 8b du vérin de charge se rétractant dans le corps 8a de celui-ci. Le mouvement d'aller et retour du guidon peut alors être répété.  Once concentric work is completed, the user resists against raising the handlebar 10 to its upper position, the rod 8b of the load cylinder retracting in the body 8a thereof. The movement of the handlebar can then be repeated.
Selon l'invention, cet appareil de musculation 1 comprend en outre un vérin de compensation 12 qui est destiné à fournir, pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour du guidon 10, une variation de la charge générée par le mouvement du vérin de charge 10.  According to the invention, this weight training apparatus 1 further comprises a compensation jack 12 which is intended to provide, during at least a portion of the forward movement or the return movement of the handlebar 10, a variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder 10.
La figure 2 représente un mode de réalisation de mise en œuvre de la variation de la charge selon l'invention dans lequel le vérin de compensation 12 est plus précisément destiné à assurer un allégement de la charge pour assister le mouvement du guidon en mode concentrique (c'est-à-dire en soulageant la charge exercée par le vérin de charge pendant le mode concentrique).  FIG. 2 represents an embodiment of implementation of the variation of the load according to the invention in which the compensation cylinder 12 is more precisely intended to provide a relief of the load to assist the movement of the handlebar in concentric mode ( that is to say by relieving the load exerted by the load cylinder during the concentric mode).
Bien entendu, on pourrait imaginer un fonctionnement inverse dans lequel le vérin de compensation aurait pour fonction d'assister le mouvement du guidon en mode excentrique en allégeant la charge exercée par le vérin de charge pendant ce mode.  Of course, one could imagine a reverse operation in which the compensating jack would function to assist the movement of the handlebar eccentric mode by reducing the load exerted by the load cylinder during this mode.
Le vérin de compensation 12 peut être du type hydraulique ou du type pneumatique, voire électrique. Il comprend un corps 12a muni d'une chambre de pilotage 12c alimentée en air comprimé par un système d'alimentation en air comprimé non représenté sur les figures, et une tige 12b apte à se rétracter et à se déployer par rapport au corps 12a sous l'effet de la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre de pilotage 12c.  The compensation cylinder 12 may be of the hydraulic type or of the pneumatic or even electric type. It comprises a body 12a provided with a control chamber 12c supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system not shown in the figures, and a rod 12b adapted to retract and deploy relative to the body 12a under the effect of the pressure inside the control chamber 12c.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, le corps 12a du vérin de compensation est fixé sur le châssis 2 de l'appareil de musculation, par exemple à l'arrière de l'assise 6, tandis que la tige 12b du vérin de compensation est fixée sur le guidon 10.  In the example shown in Figure 2, the body 12a of the compensation cylinder is fixed to the frame 2 of the weight training device, for example at the rear of the seat 6, while the rod 12b of the cylinder of compensation is attached to the handlebar 10.
Toujours selon l'invention, l'appareil de musculation 1 comprend encore un système pour détecter de façon automatique un changement de direction de déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge quelque soit la position de la tige de ce vérin et pour activer la variation de la charge fournie par le vérin de compensation dès la détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge. Still according to the invention, the weight training apparatus 1 further comprises a system for automatically detecting a change of direction of movement of the rod of the load jack whatever the position of the rod of this jack and to activate the variation of load supplied by the compensation cylinder upon detection of a change of direction of movement of the rod of the load cylinder.
On notera que ce système de détection n'est pas destiné à détecter la simple position linéaire de la tige du vérin de charge, mais bien un changement de direction de déplacement de celle-ci, ce changement de direction de déplacement correspondant à un changement de direction de déplacement du guidon 10.  Note that this detection system is not intended to detect the simple linear position of the rod of the load jack, but a change of direction of displacement thereof, this change of direction of displacement corresponding to a change of direction of movement of the handlebars 10.
Dans un mode de réalisation, ce système de détection comprend notamment un capteur de type capteur de position qui indiquera un changement de sens de déplacement de la tige du vérin ou un capteur de pression qui mesurera un changement de variation de la pression à l'intérieur du vérin.  In one embodiment, this detection system comprises in particular a sensor of the position sensor type which will indicate a change of direction of movement of the rod of the jack or a pressure sensor which will measure a change of variation of the pressure inside. of the cylinder.
Le système de détection est relié à un module 16 lui-même relié au vérin de compensation 12 pour le commander.  The detection system is connected to a module 16 itself connected to the compensation jack 12 to control it.
Le module 16 est connecté à une alimentation électrique, et peut être connecté à un convertisseur numérique/analogique qui rend le module compatible avec tout autre système de détection et de contrôle, notamment à une imprimante papier, à un ordinateur, un écran tactile, etc.  The module 16 is connected to a power supply, and can be connected to a digital-to-analog converter that makes the module compatible with any other detection and control system, including a paper printer, a computer, a touch screen, etc. .
Différents systèmes de détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge sont connus de l'homme du métier et peuvent être utilisés.  Different systems for detecting a change of direction of movement of the rod of the load jack are known to those skilled in the art and can be used.
Le système de détection permet de fournir au module 16 une information relative à un changement de direction du déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge 8. Sur réception de cette information relative au changement de sens du déplacement de la tige 8b du vérin de charge, le module 16 déclenche automatiquement la variation de la charge fournie par le vérin de compensation 12.  The detection system makes it possible to supply the module 16 with information relating to a change of direction in the displacement of the rod of the load jack 8. Upon receipt of this information relating to the change of direction of the displacement of the rod 8b of the load jack, the module 16 automatically triggers the variation of the load supplied by the compensation jack 12.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 2, et lorsque le vérin de compensation a pour fonction d'assurer un allégement de la charge pour assister le mouvement du guidon de l'appareil de musculation en mode concentrique, le signal de commande est déclenché pour permettre au vérin de compensation 12 d'aider à la descente du guidon (i.e. le vérin de compensation tire sur le guidon vers le bas lorsque l'utilisateur tire sur celui-ci pour l'amener de sa position haute à sa position basse). La force de traction exercée par le vérin de compensation lorsqu'il est déclenché peut être préalablement programmée par l'utilisateur en fonction de ses besoins. A partir d'une commande sur le module 16, l'utilisateur peut par exemple programmer un pourcentage particulier de la charge à fournir en mode concentrique par rapport à une charge particulière à fournir en mode excentrique. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, and when the function of the compensation cylinder is to provide a relief of the load to assist the movement of the handlebar of the weight training apparatus in concentric mode, the control signal is triggered. to allow the compensation cylinder 12 to assist in the descent of the handlebar (ie the compensation cylinder pulls the handlebars downwards when the user pulls on the latter to bring it from its high position to its low position) . The pulling force exerted by the compensation cylinder when it is triggered can be previously programmed by the user according to his needs. From a command on the module 16, the user can, for example, program a particular percentage of the load to be supplied in concentric mode with respect to a particular load to be supplied in eccentric mode.
Toujours dans cet exemple de réalisation, une fois le mouvement correspondant au mode concentrique achevé, la tige du vérin de charge change à nouveau de direction de déplacement, ce qui est détecté par le système de détection 14 d'un changement de détection de déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge. Cette information est alors envoyée au module 16 qui envoie automatiquement un signal de commande au vérin de compensation pour le désactiver.  Still in this embodiment, once the movement corresponding to the concentric mode completed, the rod of the load cylinder changes direction of movement again, which is detected by the detection system 14 of a change of detection of displacement of the rod of the load cylinder. This information is then sent to the module 16 which automatically sends a control signal to the compensation jack to deactivate it.
La figure 3 représente une variante de réalisation de l'invention. Dans cette variante, le vérin de compensation 12' est monté sur le châssis 2 de l'appareil de musculation en opposition par rapport à la disposition du vérin de charge 8.  Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention. In this variant, the compensation jack 12 'is mounted on the frame 2 of the weight training apparatus in opposition to the arrangement of the load jack 8.
Ce vérin de compensation 12' comprend un corps 12'a qui est fixé sur le châssis 2 de l'appareil de musculation et qui est muni d'une chambre de pilotage 12'c alimentée en air comprimé par un système d'alimentation en air comprimé (non représenté), et une tige 12'b qui est fixée sur le guidon 10.  This compensation cylinder 12 'comprises a body 12'a which is fixed on the chassis 2 of the weight training device and which is provided with a control chamber 12'c supplied with compressed air by an air supply system compressed (not shown), and a rod 12'b which is fixed on the handlebar 10.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 3, et lorsque le vérin de compensation a pour fonction d'assurer un allégement de la charge pour assister le mouvement du guidon de l'appareil de musculation en mode concentrique, le fonctionnement est le suivant : sur réception d'une information de changement de direction du déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge 8, le module 16 déclenche automatiquement la variation de la charge fournie par le vérin de compensation 12' pour permettre à celui-ci d'aider à la descente du guidon (i.e. le vérin de compensation pousse sur le guidon vers le bas lorsque l'utilisateur tire sur celui-ci pour l'amener de sa position haute à sa position basse).  In the embodiment of Figure 3, and when the compensation cylinder has the function to provide relief of the load to assist the movement of the handlebar of the weight training device in concentric mode, the operation is as follows: upon receipt of a direction change information of the displacement of the rod of the load jack 8, the module 16 automatically triggers the variation of the load provided by the compensation jack 12 'to enable it to assist in the lowering the handlebar (ie the compensation cylinder pushes down on the handlebars when the user pulls on the handlebar to bring it from its high position to its low position).
La figure 4 représente une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention dans laquelle le vérin de charge 8' est un vérin apte, d'une part à générer la charge et, d'autre part, à fournir une variation de la charge pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour. FIG. 4 represents another variant embodiment of the invention in which the load jack 8 'is a cylinder capable, on the one hand, of generating the load and, on the other hand, of providing a variation of the load during at least a portion of the outward or return movement.
Le vérin de charge 8' comprend ici un corps 8'a fixé sur le châssis 2 de l'appareil de musculation et muni d'une chambre de pilotage 8'c alimentée en air comprimé par un système d'alimentation 18', et une tige 8'b fixée sur le guidon 10. Bien entendu, on pourrait imaginer une configuration inverse de la position du vérin de charge (corps fixé sur le guidon et tige fixée sur le châssis).  The load cylinder 8 'here comprises a body 8'a fixed to the frame 2 of the weight training device and provided with a control chamber 8'c supplied with compressed air by a feed system 18', and a Rod 8'b fixed on the handlebar 10. Of course, one could imagine a reverse configuration of the position of the load cylinder (body attached to the handlebar and rod fixed to the frame).
Le système d'alimentation en air comprimé 18' de la chambre de pilotage 8'c du vérin de charge est ici piloté par le module 16, ce dernier permettant de gérer ainsi la pression de l'air comprimé qui alimente cette chambre de pilotage.  The compressed air supply system 18 'of the control chamber 8'c of the load cylinder is here controlled by the module 16, the latter thus making it possible to manage the pressure of the compressed air which supplies this control chamber.
Le vérin de charge 8' est en outre équipé d'un système de détection 14 d'un changement de direction de déplacement de la tige 8'b du vérin de charge 8' relié au module 16. En fonction de la détection par ce système de détection 14 d'un changement de direction du déplacement de la tige 8'a , le module 16 pilote le système d'alimentation en air comprimé 18' de la chambre de pilotage 8'c du vérin de charge pour activer de façon automatique la variation de charge.  The load cylinder 8 'is furthermore equipped with a detection system 14 for a change in the direction of movement of the rod 8'b of the load jack 8' connected to the module 16. As a function of the detection by this system detection of a change of direction of the displacement of the rod 8'a, the module 16 controls the compressed air supply system 18 'of the control chamber 8'c of the load jack to automatically activate the load variation.
Dans le cas où l'utilisateur choisit (via le module 16) un allégement de la charge pour le mouvement du guidon de l'appareil de musculation en mode concentrique, le module 16 envoie un signal de commande au système d'alimentation en air comprimé 18' pour réduire la pression d'air comprimé dans la chambre 8'c du vérin de charge 8' (i.e. le vérin de charge 8' produit une résistance inférieure lorsque l'utilisateur tire sur le guidon pour l'amener de sa position haute à sa position basse).  In the case where the user chooses (via the module 16) a relief of the load for the movement of the handlebar of the weight training device in concentric mode, the module 16 sends a control signal to the compressed air supply system. 18 'to reduce the pressure of compressed air in the chamber 8'c of the load cylinder 8' (ie the load cylinder 8 'produces a lower resistance when the user pulls on the handlebars to bring it from its up position in its low position).
Différents modes d'utilisation de l'appareil de musculation tel que décrit précédemment sont détaillés ci-après. En particulier, l'appareil de musculation peut comprendre un micro-ordinateur comprenant une mémoire qui stocke un code configuré pour exécuter les différents modes d'utilisation, avec la détection du mouvement et la fourniture de la variation de charge en fonction du mode d'utilisation choisi et de la détection du mouvement. Ce code peut être stocké sur un support non transitoire. Mode concentrique/excentrique standard Different modes of use of the weight training apparatus as described above are detailed below. In particular, the weight training device may comprise a microcomputer comprising a memory which stores a code configured to execute the different modes of use, with the detection of the movement and the supply of the load variation according to the mode of operation. chosen use and motion detection. This code can be stored on a non-transitory medium. Standard concentric / eccentric mode
Dans ce mode d'utilisation, l'utilisateur choisit une charge pour la phase excentrique ou une charge pour la phase concentrique, et le module 16 détermine la charge pour l'autre phase, en fonction du pourcentage applicable, par exemple 40%. Ce pourcentage peut être fixe, variable grâce au recours à un écran tactile, ou grâce à plusieurs boutons correspondants (30%, 40% et 50% seulement, par exemple). Il est possible qu'un entraîneur détermine les charges à utiliser, dans ce cas, un mot de passe peut être requis.  In this mode of use, the user selects a load for the eccentric phase or a load for the concentric phase, and the module 16 determines the load for the other phase, depending on the applicable percentage, for example 40%. This percentage can be fixed, variable thanks to the use of a touch screen, or thanks to several corresponding buttons (30%, 40% and 50% only, for example). It is possible for a coach to determine which loads to use, in which case a password may be required.
Le module 16 applique alors l'assistance choisie dès que le mouvement (phase excentrique ou phase concentrique) est détecté grâce au système pour la phase concentrique. Une fois que le module détecte que la tige du vérin de charge change de direction de déplacement, la variation de charge (ici une compensation de charge) est désactivée.  The module 16 then applies the selected assistance as soon as the movement (eccentric phase or concentric phase) is detected by the system for the concentric phase. Once the module detects that the load cylinder rod changes direction of travel, the load variation (here a load compensation) is disabled.
Mode Vibration Vibration mode
Dans ce mode d'utilisation, la charge est continuellement variée, ce qui force l'utilisateur à ajuster sa force et à compenser en permanence. La compensation de charge est alors modifiée en cours de mouvement, soit selon un programme déterminé, soit aléatoirement. Dans ce cas, la détection du changement de direction du déplacement de la tige du vérin de charge est utilisée pour contrôler la compensation.  In this mode of use, the load is continuously varied, forcing the user to adjust his strength and continuously compensate. The charge compensation is then modified during movement, either according to a specific program or randomly. In this case, the detection of the change of direction of the displacement of the rod of the load cylinder is used to control the compensation.
Mode Assistance au Démarrage Startup Assistance Mode
Dans ce mode d'utilisation, la compensation de charge varie, elle est généralement plus importante en début de mouvement, et moins importante en fin de mouvement. Ce mode d'utilisation peut être avantageux pour les exercices où l'utilisateur a plus de mal à démarrer le mouvement, par exemple pour des raisons ergonomiques. La compensation fournie peut être par exemple de 70% pendant le premier quart de mouvement, et une fois que le système détecte que le mouvement a dépassé un quart, la compensation est réduite à 40%.  In this mode of use, the charge compensation varies, it is generally more important at the beginning of movement, and less important at the end of the movement. This mode of use can be advantageous for exercises where the user has more trouble starting the movement, for example for ergonomic reasons. The compensation provided may be, for example, 70% during the first quarter of movement, and once the system detects that the movement has exceeded a quarter, the compensation is reduced to 40%.
Mode Stato- Dynamique Statodynamic mode
Dans ce mode d'utilisation, la compensation de charge varie, de sorte qu'elle est importante sur une partie du mouvement et nulle ou presque nulle sur l'autre partie du mouvement. Ce mode de fonctionnement permet de déplacer la charge sans beaucoup d'effort sur une partie du mouvement, de s'immobiliser et retenir toute la charge en statique pendant un moment, puis de pousser la charge en accélérant en sollicitant la compensation. In this mode of use, the charge compensation varies, so that it is important on part of the movement and null or almost zero on the other part of the movement. This mode of operation makes it possible to move the load without much effort on a part of the movement, to stop and hold all the load statically for a moment, then to push the load by accelerating by requesting the compensation.
Mode assistance Support mode
Dans ce mode d'utilisation, l'appareil peut détecter que l'amplitude du mouvement se réduit, et peut en déduire que l'utilisateur se fatigue. Dans ce cas, le système fournit une compensation (par exemple 10 à 20 % de la charge) pour alléger la charge et permettre l'utilisateur de finir la série.  In this mode of use, the device can detect that the amplitude of the movement is reduced, and can deduce that the user is tired. In this case, the system provides compensation (for example 10 to 20% of the load) to lighten the load and allow the user to finish the series.
Il sera compris par l'homme du métier que l'invention décrite peut être mise en œuvre différemment, avec des différentes façons de détecter le mouvement de la charge, de traiter les informations, de contrôler les vérins, de modifier et de contrôler la variation de charge, etc. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the described invention can be implemented differently, with different ways of detecting the movement of the load, processing the information, controlling the jacks, modifying and controlling the variation. charge, etc.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Appareil de musculation à résistance à air pour exercer des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode concentrique et en mode excentrique, comprenant : An air resistance weight training apparatus for exercising concentric and eccentric muscle or muscle groups, comprising:
un châssis (2) ;  a frame (2);
au moins un vérin de charge (8 ; 8 pneumatique reliant le châssis à un élément mobile (10) par rapport au châssis et destiné à être déplacé par un utilisateur selon un mouvement aller et un mouvement retour pour générer une charge exerçant successivement des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode excentrique et en mode concentrique ;  at least one load cylinder (8; 8 pneumatic connecting the frame to a movable member (10) relative to the frame and intended to be moved by a user in a forward movement and a return movement to generate a load successively exerting muscles or muscular groups in eccentric and concentric mode;
des moyens de variation de charge (12 ; 12' ; 8') destinés à fournir, pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour, une variation de la charge générée par le mouvement du vérin de charge pendant le mouvement aller ou le mouvement retour ; et  load varying means (12; 12 '; 8') for providing, during at least a portion of the forward movement or return movement, a variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder during the forward movement or the return movement; and
un système (14, 16) pour détecter de façon automatique un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge correspondant à un changement de direction de déplacement de l'élément mobile et pour activer les moyens de variation de charge dès détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge.  a system (14, 16) for automatically detecting a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder corresponding to a change of direction of movement of the movable member and to activate the load variation means as soon as a change is detected direction of movement of the load cylinder.
2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le vérin de charge (8') comprend une chambre de pilotage (8'c) alimentée en air comprimé par un système d'alimentation en air comprimé (180, 'es moyens de variation de charge comprenant des moyens (16) de contrôle du système d'alimentation en air comprimé pour permettre au vérin de charge, d'une part de générer la charge exerçant successivement des muscles ou groupes musculaires en mode concentrique et en mode excentrique et, d'autre part, de fournir une variation de la charge pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the load cylinder (8 ') comprises a control chamber (8'c) supplied with compressed air by a compressed air supply system (180' 'means of variation of load comprising means (16) for controlling the compressed air supply system to enable the load cylinder, on the one hand, to generate the load successively exerting muscles or muscle groups in concentric mode and in eccentric mode and, on the other hand, to provide a variation of the load during at least a portion of the forward movement or the return movement.
3. Appareil selon la revendication 1, comprenant au moins un vérin de compensation (12 ; 120 destinés à fournir, pendant au moins une portion du mouvement aller ou du mouvement retour, une variation de la charge générée par le mouvement du vérin de charge. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, comprising at least one compensation cylinder (12; 120) for providing, during at least a portion of the forward movement or the return movement, a variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder.
4. Appareil selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le vérin de compensation assure un allégement de la charge pour assister le mouvement en mode concentrique. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the compensation cylinder provides relief of the load to assist the movement in concentric mode.
5. Appareil selon la revendication 4, dans lequel : Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
le vérin de charge (8) comprend une tige (8b) fixée à l'élément mobile (10) et un corps (8a) fixé au châssis (2), et  the load cylinder (8) comprises a rod (8b) fixed to the movable element (10) and a body (8a) fixed to the chassis (2), and
le vérin de compensation (12) comprend une tige (12b) fixée à l'élément mobile et un corps (12a) fixé au châssis, ledit vérin de compensation travaillant en traction pour aider à la descente de l'élément mobile d'une position haute vers une position basse.  the compensation cylinder (12) comprises a rod (12b) fixed to the movable element and a body (12a) fixed to the chassis, said compensation cylinder working in traction to assist the descent of the movable element from a position high to a low position.
6. Appareil selon la revendication 4, dans lequel : Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
le vérin de charge (8) comprend une tige (8b) fixée à l'élément mobile et un corps (8a) fixé au châssis, et  the load cylinder (8) comprises a rod (8b) fixed to the movable element and a body (8a) fixed to the chassis, and
le vérin de compensation (12') comprend une tige (12'b) fixée à l'élément mobile et un corps (12'a) fixé au châssis, ledit vérin de compensation travaillant en poussée pour aider à la descente de l'élément mobile d'une position haute vers une position basse.  the compensation cylinder (12 ') comprises a rod (12'b) fixed to the movable element and a body (12'a) fixed to the chassis, the compensation cylinder working in thrust to assist the descent of the element moving from a high position to a low position.
7. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, dans lequel le vérin de compensation est un vérin pneumatique, hydraulique ou électrique. Apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the compensation ram is a pneumatic, hydraulic or electric cylinder.
8. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le système pour détecter de façon automatique un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge comprend un capteur de position ou un capteur de pression, et un module (16) destiné à déclencher automatiquement la variation de la charge sur réception d'une information de changement de direction de déplacement d'une tige du vérin de charge. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the system for automatically detecting a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder comprises a position sensor or a pressure sensor, and a module (16). for automatically triggering the variation of the load upon receipt of a direction change information of movement of a rod of the load cylinder.
9. Procédé de contrôle de la variation de la charge générée par le mouvement du vérin de charge d'un appareil de musculation à résistance à air selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant : 9. A method of controlling the variation of the load generated by the movement of the load cylinder of a weight training apparatus to air resistance according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
la détection automatique d'un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge déplacé par un utilisateur selon un mouvement d'aller et retour ; et  automatic detection of a change of direction of movement of the load cylinder moved by a user in a back and forth motion; and
le contrôle de la variation de la charge fournie par les moyens de variation de charge dès la détection d'un changement de direction de déplacement du vérin de charge.  controlling the variation of the load supplied by the load variation means as soon as a change in direction of movement of the load cylinder is detected.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, comprenant en outre : la détection de la charge sélectionnée par un utilisateur ; et le contrôle de la variation de la charge en fonction de la charge sélectionnée. The method of claim 9, further comprising: detecting the load selected by a user; and controlling the variation of the load as a function of the selected load.
11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 9 et 10, comprenant en outre : 11. Method according to one of claims 9 and 10, further comprising:
la détection d'un programme d'entraînement choisi, le programme d'entraînement étant choisi par l'un des programmes suivants :  detecting a chosen training program, the training program being selected by one of the following programs:
- le pourcentage de la variation de charge,  - the percentage of the load variation,
- la variation continue de la charge, et  - the continuous variation of the load, and
- la modification de la variation de charge fournie le long d'une direction de mouvement ; et  - changing the load variation provided along a direction of movement; and
- le contrôle de la variation de charge en fonction du programme.  - the control of the load variation according to the program.
PCT/FR2017/051828 2016-07-20 2017-07-05 Bodybuilding apparatus using air resistance provided with load variation means WO2018015628A1 (en)

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FR1656895A FR3054138B1 (en) 2016-07-20 2016-07-20 AIR RESISTANCE STRENGTH APPARATUS PROVIDED WITH LOAD VARIATION MEANS

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